CN105748506B - 褐藻酸硫酸酯在制备预防和治疗由人乳头瘤状病毒引起的疾病的药物和保健品中的应用 - Google Patents
褐藻酸硫酸酯在制备预防和治疗由人乳头瘤状病毒引起的疾病的药物和保健品中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了褐藻酸硫酸酯在制备预防和治疗由人乳头瘤状病毒引起的疾病的药物和保健品中的应用,本发明通过实验证明褐藻酸硫酸酯对HPV假病毒侵染过程具有强抑制作用,且成剂量依赖关系;褐藻酸硫酸酯对HPV转化的Hela和Caski细胞内的病毒E6基因和E7基因及其蛋白的表达均有抑制作用,且成剂量依赖关系。通过系列系统科学实验证明所述褐藻酸硫酸酯可以开发成抗人乳头瘤状病毒的药物和保健品,具有良好的市场应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药技术领域,具体涉及褐藻酸硫酸酯在制备预防和治疗由人乳头瘤状病毒引起的疾病的药物和保健品中的应用。
背景技术
人乳头瘤病毒(human papillomavirus,HPV)作为通过性传播感染的常见的病原体,是威胁现代人生命安全的主要病毒之一。HPV有100多种分型,可引起多种病变,其中主要引发疾病的有13种高危型及5种低危型。高危型HPV的感染与一些肛门生殖器区肿瘤的发生之间有着一定关联,其中HPV16、HPV18亚型的长期感染已经被证实为宫颈癌发生的一个主要诱因。目前市面上还没有针对HPV的特效防治药物,且HPV疫苗主要适应于未有性活动的女性。因此,研发新型特效的抗HPV药物具有重要意义。
由于HPV的增殖依赖于上皮细胞的分化,因而其在体外基本无法存活。目前认为生产假病毒是模拟HPV感染最有效的方法。HPV在哺乳动物细胞中可表达衣壳蛋白L1、L2,这两种蛋白在体外具有自我组装成病毒样颗粒(Virus-like particle,VLP)并包裹病毒基因组或外源基因的能力,形成与天然病毒结构及免疫原性一致的假病毒(PsV)。美国NIH的Buck教授等在国际权威期刊《Journal of Virology,79(5)2839-2846,2005》上报道利用PsV能非特异包装DNA的特性,将HPV L1、L2基因的质粒与报告基因质粒共转染哺乳动物细胞,组装成包裹报告质粒的假病毒颗粒。利用该方法构建的假病毒滴度较高,且试验操作简单,结果稳定可靠。因此该HPV假病毒系统目前被广泛的用于抗HPV疫苗及药物的筛选与鉴定。此外,HPV转化的细胞如Hela和Caski等也被用于抗HPV药物的筛选和药效学评价。
宫颈癌是最常见的妇科恶性肿瘤之一,近年来发病率逐年上升,发病年龄渐趋年轻化。研究表明宫颈持续或反复感染人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)是宫颈上皮内瘤变及宫颈癌的主要危险因素,近年来宫颈HPV感染受到广泛关注,大量研究证实高危型HPV感染是宫颈癌前病变及宫颈癌发生的重要诱因,严重威胁女性的生命健康,预防宫颈癌发生及复发、阻断病程的关键在于清除HPV。HPV是一种无包膜的小DNA病毒,根据其致癌力强弱,分为高危型和低危型。高危型包含HPV16、18、31、33、35、39、45、51、52、56、58、59、68等, 主要引起CINⅡ、Ⅲ和宫颈癌。高危型HPV感染宫颈后,病毒DNA随机整合到宿主细胞基因组DNA上,自身复制的抑制表达性片段E2基因丢失,E6、E7癌基因过度表达,E6、E7原癌蛋白分别与宿主细胞内肿瘤抑制物p53、pRb结合,使肿瘤抑制物失活。原癌基因激活、抑癌基因失活,使宫颈上皮细胞发生恶性转变。经过多年的临床研究,已明确HPV感染是宫颈癌及宫颈上皮内瘤变的主要病因。杂交捕获第二代(HCⅡ)是目前唯一被美国FDA批准的HPV DNA检测技术,能同时检出13种HPV高危型,无需基因扩增,阴性预测值高达99%。
对于宫颈HPV的防治,欧美等发达国家将预防性疫苗列入国家常规性接种疫苗,我国也已进入二期临床试验,但预防性疫苗无法涵盖所有高危型HPV型别,且对已感染相关型别的女性没有治疗作用。治疗性疫苗用于已感染HPV人群,尚在研制当中,未大规模投入临床使用。但疫苗的安全性和免疫原性等问题有待提高。物理及手术治疗适用于感染HPV病毒且已发生宫颈癌前病变的患者,但手术后仍可能存在持续HPV感染。针对宫颈HPV治疗的研究热点主要集中在抗病毒药物、免疫增强剂及外用制剂的研制上,并已取得了较大突破,但真正应用于人体临床试验时效果却不尽人意,迄今临床上仍缺乏行之有效的预防和治疗措施。药物治疗宫颈HPV感染常用干扰素如辛复宁(重组人干扰素ɑ2b阴道泡腾胶囊),理论上通过诱导靶细胞内产生有酶活性的抗病毒蛋白,抑制病毒核酸的复制和转录,但其疗效和毒副作用仍存在争议。
因此及时有效地清除感染者的HPV病毒,可以不同程度地阻断宫颈上皮细胞的癌前病变及宫颈癌。但是目前尚无治疗HPV感染的特效药物。
发明内容
本发明提供了褐藻酸硫酸酯在制备预防和治疗由人乳头瘤状病毒引起的病症的药物和保健品中的应用,本发明通过实验证明了褐藻酸硫酸酯对于HPV感染具有很强的抑制作用,具有开发成预防和治疗由人乳头瘤状病毒引发的病症的药物的技术前景。
为实现上述发明目的,本发明采用以下技术方案予以实现:
本发明提供了褐藻酸硫酸酯在制备预防和治疗由人乳头瘤状病毒引起的疾病的药物和保健品中的应用。
进一步的:所述褐藻酸硫酸酯是褐藻酸的C2及C3位上引入硫酸酯基而成的一种硫酸多糖类化合物,重均分子量为6~100kDa,聚甘露糖醛酸含量为5~95%,聚古罗糖醛酸含量为5~95%,硫酸根取代度为5~15%。
进一步的:所述褐藻酸硫酸酯的制备方法如下:在反应器中加入甲酰胺,然后缓慢加 入氯磺酸,接着加入低聚褐藻酸,低聚褐藻酸与甲酰胺的质量比1:4~12,低聚褐藻酸与氯磺酸的质量比为1:1~3;上述组分混合形成的混合物在50~90℃搅拌反应1~5h;反应结束后醇沉,过滤,洗涤,收集沉淀,沉淀用水溶解后,缓慢加入氢氧化钠溶液转化成盐,调节溶液pH至8~10;溶液用活性炭脱色,用甲醇或乙醇进行醇沉结晶,干燥即得到所述褐藻酸硫酸酯。
进一步的:所述由人乳头瘤状病毒引起的病症包括宫颈癌、寻常疣、扁平疣、尖锐湿疣、肉类处理者乳头瘤、疣状表皮发育不良、Bowenoid丘疹病、喉乳头瘤和湿疣。
进一步的:所述褐藻酸硫酸酯具有对HPV假病毒侵染的强抑制作用,且具有剂量依赖性;所述褐藻酸硫酸酯作用48h以后具有完全抑制HPV感染的作用。
进一步的:所述褐藻酸硫酸酯对HPV的致病因子E6基因的表达具有抑制作用。
进一步的:所述褐藻酸硫酸酯对HPV的致病蛋白E6和E7的表达具有抑制作用。
进一步的:所述褐藻酸硫酸酯与水溶性基质或脂溶性基质复配形成包含褐藻酸硫酸酯的外用剂型,所述剂型包括阴道栓剂、泡腾栓剂、阴道泡腾胶囊、阴道软胶囊、阴道泡腾片、凝胶剂和海绵栓剂。
进一步的:所述水溶性基质为甘油明胶、聚乙二醇、聚氧乙烯单硬脂酸酯类、泊洛沙姆中的一种或几种;所述脂溶性基质为可可豆酯、半合成或全合成脂肪酸甘油酯。
进一步的:所述剂型中还添加有硬化剂、增稠剂、乳化剂、促吸收剂、着色剂、抗氧化剂或防腐剂中的一种或几种;
所述硬化剂选自白蜡、鲸蜡醇、硬脂醇中的一种或几种;
所述增稠剂选自氢化蓖麻油、单硬脂酸甘油酯、硬脂酸铝中的一种或几种;
所述乳化剂选自肥皂、阿拉伯胶、烷基苯磺酸钠中的一种或几种;
所述促吸收剂选自吐温80和/或Azone;所述着色剂选自苋菜红、胭脂红、柠檬黄、可溶性靛蓝、桔黄G、伊红、品红、没蓝、苏丹蓝中的一种或几种;
所述抗氧化剂选自亚硫酸氢钠、焦亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸钠、硫代硫酸钠、抗坏血酸、枸橼酸、叔丁基对羟基茴香醚、叔丁基对甲酚中的一种或几种;
所述防腐剂选自尼泊金类、苯甲酸、山梨酸、乙醇、苯甲醇、苯乙醇中的一种或几种。
本发明的优点和技术效果是:褐藻酸硫酸酯是由来源于褐藻中的褐藻胶经降解、化学修饰得到的一种硫酸多糖药物,它毒副作用小,不易产生耐药性。本发明综合应用细胞培养技术、假病毒模型、免疫学技术及分子生物学技术对褐藻酸硫酸酯抗人乳头瘤状病毒(HPV)的药效进行了系统的观察,其主体内容为:(一)褐藻酸硫酸酯对HPV假病毒侵染过程的抑 制作用;(二)利用HPV转化的宫颈癌细胞测定褐藻酸硫酸酯对HPV复制的干扰作用。实验结果显示:(1)褐藻酸硫酸酯对HPV假病毒侵染过程具有强抑制作用,且成剂量依赖关系,在作用48h后具有完全抑制HPV感染的作用。(2)褐藻酸硫酸酯对HPV转化的Hela和Caski细胞内的病毒E6基因的表达均有抑制作用,且成剂量反应关系;(3)褐藻酸硫酸酯对HPV转化的Hela和Caski细胞内的病毒E6和E7蛋白的表达均有抑制作用,且成剂量反应关系。
综上,本发明通过系统科学实验证明所述褐藻酸硫酸酯可以开发成抗人乳头瘤状病毒的药物和保健品,具有良好的市场应用前景。
附图说明
图1是所述褐藻酸硫酸酯对Hela细胞和Caski细胞的毒性检测结果。
图2是293T/17细胞内HPV16和18外壳质粒与GFP报告质粒的共转染。
图3是HPV16和18的假病毒颗粒透射电镜图。
图4是干扰素、卡拉胶对HPV16假病毒颗粒感染的抑制作用。
图5是所述褐藻酸硫酸酯对HPV假病毒感染抑制作用的量效关系。
图6是所述褐藻酸硫酸酯对HPV假病毒感染抑制作用的时效关系。
图7是所述褐藻酸硫酸酯对HPV的E6基因表达的抑制作用。
图8是所述褐藻酸硫酸酯对HPV的E6和E7蛋白表达的抑制作用。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图和具体实施例对本发明的技术方案做进一步详细的说明。
实施例1
一、褐藻酸硫酸酯对HPV假病毒侵染过程的抑制作用
(一)293T/17细胞和Hela/Caski细胞:
293T/17细胞为腺病毒转化的胚胎肾细胞,可以组成性表达SV40病毒的T抗原,在本发明中用作包装细胞系。HeLa细胞是由正常子宫颈细胞被人类乳头瘤病毒(HPV18)转化成的癌细胞,在本发明中作为HPV假病毒的侵染对象。293T/17细胞转染HPV衣壳蛋白的质粒48小时后,裂解细胞收集假病毒粗液,经纯化后获得HPV假病毒颗粒。利用HPV假病毒颗粒侵染Hela细胞,同时加入药物处理,以此确定药物对于病毒侵染过程的抑制作用。
(二)受试药物及药物剂量的确定:
本发明所述的褐藻酸硫酸酯,是一种低聚褐藻酸的C2及C3位上引入硫酸酯基(-OSO3-)而成的一种硫酸多糖类化合物,重均分子量为6~100kDa,聚甘露糖醛酸(M段)含量为5~95%, 聚古罗糖醛酸(G段)含量为5~95%,硫酸根取代度为5~15%。
本实施例所用的褐藻酸硫酸酯的制备方法具体如下:于磺化反应釜中加入500kg甲酰胺,缓慢滴加135kg氯磺酸,滴酸结束加入50kg低聚褐藻酸,继续升温至70℃,反应3h。反应结束后醇沉,洗涤沉淀,沉淀以水溶解,缓慢滴入氢氧化钠溶液转换,待pH降至8,以活性炭脱色,醇沉结晶即得褐藻酸硫酸酯。
其制备过程的反应式如下:
药物剂量的确定系根据卫计委《新药(西药)临床前指导原则汇编(药学、药理学、毒理学)》规定,首先确定药物对Hela细胞和Caski细胞的毒性,计算出无毒浓度(TD50),自无毒浓度以下2倍稀释5个浓度药液进行抗病毒实验。试验先取褐藻酸硫酸酯适量用培养基配成100mg/ml,在接种Hela细胞或Caski细胞24小时后,分别稀释为10、5、2.5、1.25、0.625mg/ml共5个作用终浓度,加入96孔培养板,每浓度3孔,另设无药物细胞对照,37℃孵育48小时后,用显微镜观察细胞病变,并利用MTT法评价活细胞数目,计算每浓度药物细胞增殖抑制率,按照Reed Meuench法计算半数中毒浓度(TD50),确定无毒剂量(TD0)。
TD50=Antilog[B+(50-<50%抑制百分率)×C/(>50%抑制百分率-<50%抑制百分率)]
(A=log>50%抑制百分率B=log<50%抑制百分率C=A-B)
结果见图1所示。经三次重复试验,确定所述褐藻酸硫酸酯对Hela细胞的平均半数中毒浓度为4.044mg/ml;最大无毒剂量为0.5mg/ml;褐藻酸硫酸酯对Caski细胞的平均半数中毒浓度为8.473mg/ml。
(三)实验方法和结果:
1、293T/17细胞和Hela/Caski细胞培养:
在长满细胞的培养瓶内加入0.25%胰酶,37℃消化1分钟,加培养基轻轻吹打,1:3稀释传代,两天长满,加入细胞计数器,配制成每毫升10万个细胞,接种细胞培养板,96孔培养板每孔0.1ml,6孔板每孔1ml,置37度5%CO2培养箱中培养24小时,细胞长成单层 时进行实验。
2.质粒转染和HPV假病毒颗粒的获得:
预先铺7百万293T/17细胞于75cm2的培养瓶中,16小时后转染。待细胞长至40%左右的铺满率时,进行转染为佳。首先混合38μg HPV衣壳蛋白质粒和GFP报告质粒于2mlOptiMEM中,另混合85μl脂质体Lipofectamine 2000于2ml OptiMEM中。分别于室温温育10分钟后,将对应的DNA和脂质体混合再放于室温孵育20分钟以上。直接将DNA-脂质体的混合液加入细胞中,于37度孵育过夜。第二天早上换新鲜的DMEM培养基,注意轻轻地从培养瓶无细胞一侧加入20ml培养基,然后放于37度继续培养30小时,整个转染后的过程为48h。转染48小时后收获细胞,向溶液中添加1/20体积的10%Triton X-100(终体积0.5%),添加0.1%Benzonase和0.1%Plasmid Safe试剂。然后将此细胞裂解液放于37度24小时进行成熟过程,最后将细胞裂解液分装后冻存于-80℃备用。
为了确认假病毒的组装情况及收获病毒粒子的具体结构,应用透射电镜观察其细微结构。如图2和3所示,HPV为正十二面体,直径为45~55nm,没有包膜包裹。P16或P18与GFP共同组装后的颗粒直径大小大约为45nm左右,与天然的病毒粒子基本接近,说明L1与L2能够组装成为成熟的病毒粒子。
3.HPV假病毒感染模型的构建:
将Hela细胞以每毫升十万个细胞接种于96孔细胞培养板,每孔0.1ml,于37度5%CO2培养箱中培养24小时;加入100倍稀释的HPV假病毒颗粒混合液50μl于Hela细胞中,同时加入无毒浓度以下2倍稀释的5个浓度(125、62.5、31.25、15.625、7.8μg/ml)的褐藻酸硫酸酯药液,每个浓度3孔,并设立病毒对照孔,37度5%CO2培养箱中培养48小时。然后弃去培养液,用PBS清洗2次。直接于荧光显微镜下观察,比较加药组与空白对照组的细胞荧光值的强弱,并拍照利用Image J软件分析阳性细胞数目(N)和平均光密度值(AOI),并将两者相乘得相对感染总量(RA=N×AOI),并计算感染抑制率(%)。
HPV的感染抑制率=(RAcontrol-RAsample)/RAcontrol
利用阳性药干扰素α/2b和化合物卡拉胶作为对照。结果如图4所示,病毒组有较强的荧光信号,加入阳性药IFN-α/2b(2.4mg/ml,3×106U)后荧光强度减弱,说明IFN-α/2b抑制了假病毒的表达;加入Iota-卡拉胶(100μg/ml)后荧光强度显著减弱。由于卡拉胶为目前报道的抑制HPV假病毒颗粒的强效化合物,充分说明成功构建了HPV假病毒感染模型,并且适用于糖类化合物的筛选。
4.褐藻酸硫酸酯对于HPV假病毒感染抑制作用的量效关系研究:
将Hela细胞以每毫升十万个细胞接种于96孔细胞培养板,每孔0.1ml,于37度5%CO2培养箱中培养24小时;加入100倍稀释的HPV假病毒颗粒混合液50μl于Hela细胞中,同时加入不同浓度的褐藻酸硫酸酯(7.8~125μg/ml),研究其对于HPV假病毒侵染的抑制作用,每个浓度3孔,并设立病毒对照孔,37度5%CO2培养箱中培养24小时。然后弃去培养液,用PBS清洗2次。直接于荧光显微镜下观察,比较加药组与病毒对照组的细胞荧光值的强弱。
实验结果表明,浓度为31.25μg/ml以上时褐藻酸硫酸酯几乎完全抑制GFP荧光的表达,而7.8μg/ml时仍能够抑制荧光的表达,但阳性细胞数改变不大。这说明褐藻酸硫酸酯显示出对于HPV16假病毒颗粒侵染过程的强抑制作用,在较低的浓度下(15.625μg/ml)其抑制率仍高达73.8%。结果如图5和表1-1所示。
表1-1.褐藻酸硫酸酯对HPV假病毒颗粒侵染过程的抑制作用
4.褐藻酸硫酸酯对于HPV假病毒感染的抑制作用的时效关系研究:
将Hela细胞以每毫升十万个细胞接种于96孔细胞培养板,每孔0.1ml,于37度5%CO2培养箱中培养24小时;加入稀释100倍的HPV假病毒颗粒混合液50μl于Hela细胞中,同时加入250μg/ml的褐藻酸硫酸酯药液,每个浓度3孔,并设立病毒对照孔,37度5%CO2培养箱中分别培养24,48,72,96小时。然后弃去培养液,用PBS清洗2次。加入200μLPBS直接于荧光显微镜下观察,比较加药组与病毒对照组的细胞荧光值的强弱。
实验结果如图6所示,除24h未表达GFP荧光外,褐藻酸硫酸酯(250μg/ml)在48,72,96小时均显示出对于HPV16假病毒颗粒感染过程的强抑制作用,抑制率高达100%,且未出现药效下降的现象。这说明褐藻酸硫酸酯对于HPV感染的抑制作用主要发生在病毒感染的早期,并且疗效比较持久。
二、利用HPV转化的宫颈癌细胞测定褐藻酸硫酸酯对HPV复制的干扰作 用
(一)宫颈癌Hela和Caski细胞:
HPV18转化的Hela细胞和HPV16转化的Caski细胞都能够表达HPV的E6和E7蛋白。在Hela和Caski细胞的培养过程中加入不同浓度的待检药物,收取不同培养时间的细胞进行裂解后提取细胞中的E6基因的总RNA作半定量RT-PCR检测褐藻酸硫酸酯对于HPV的E6基因表达的抑制作用;裂解细胞后作western blot检测褐藻酸硫酸酯对于HPV的E6和E7蛋白表达的抑制作用,以此确定药物对于病毒复制的干扰效果。
(二)实验方法和结果:
1.Hela细胞和Caski细胞培养:
在长满Hela或Caski细胞的培养瓶内加入0.25%胰酶,37度消化3-5分钟,加培养基吹打,1:3稀释传代,两天长满,加入细胞计数器,配制成每毫升10万个细胞,接种细胞培养板,96孔培养板每孔0.1ml,6孔板每孔1ml,置37度5%CO2培养箱中培养24小时,细胞长成单层时进行实验。
2.药物在Hela细胞和Caski细胞培养中对于HPV的E6基因表达的抑制作用:
(1)Hela细胞和Caski细胞中HPV的RNA提取:
以每毫升10万个细胞接种于6孔细胞培养板,每孔1ml,于37度5%CO2培养箱中培养24小时;加入无毒浓度以下2倍稀释的3个浓度(0.5、0.25、0.125mg/ml)的褐藻酸硫酸酯药液,每个浓度3孔,并设立细胞对照孔M,37度5%CO2培养箱中培养48小时。然后弃去培养液,用PBS清洗2次。每孔加入Trizol约2ml,充分匀浆,室温放置5min,使其完全裂解。4度以12,000rmp离心5min,吸取上清,弃去未裂解沉淀。每lml的Trizol细胞裂解液中加入200μl氯仿,颠倒充分混匀后室温放置15min。4℃12,000rpm离心15min。吸取上层水相至经DEPC水处理无RNase的eppendorf离心管中。按1:1的比例将水相和异丙醇混匀,室温放置5-10min。4℃12,000rpm离心10min,弃上清,RNA沉淀于管底。加入lml70%乙醇,温和振荡悬浮沉淀。4℃,8,000rmp离心5min,弃尽上清。室温晾干5-10min,以每lml水相异丙醇沉淀加入20μlDEPC水溶解RNA。置-80℃低温冰箱冻存。
(2)褐藻酸硫酸酯对HPV转化细胞中E6基因作用的半定量RT-PCR检测:
将提取的总RNA首先进行反转录,采用Oligo dT作为反转引物,反应体系为20μl(包含4μl的5x RT Buffer,1μl的RT EnzymeMix I,1μl的Oligo dT Primer(50uM),5μl的总RNA,9μl的无RNA酶的水),反转录条件为:37℃15min;94℃10s。然后进行PCR反应,引物为上海生工合成的针对HPV的E6基因的特异性引物,反应体系为30μl(包含3μl的 10x PyrobestPCR Buffer,2.5μl的dNTP(2.5mmol/L),各0.6μl的E6基因上游和下游引物(20mM),3μl的反转录cDNA产物,0.3μl的Pyrobest DNA聚合酶,20μl的无菌水)。PCR扩增循环条件为:94℃2min;94℃40s,54℃40s,72℃40s,进行30个循环反应;72℃延伸2min。RT-PCR扩增后,以E6为目的基因,β-actin为内参,通过琼脂糖电泳检测E6在基因水平上的变化,并进行定量分析。通过软件对DNA进行半定量,将空白对照的E6/actin比值设为1,然后将各个给药孔的E6/actin分别与对照孔(比值为1)比较,最终可得到各个给药浓度的E6基因的相对表达水平(RF),并计算抑制率。
HPV的E6基因表达抑制率=(RFcontrol-RFsample)/RFcontrol
实验结果见图7和表1-2所示。实验结果表明,褐藻酸硫酸酯各药物组均显示了对于Hela细胞中HPV18的主要致病因子E6基因表达的抑制作用,以高剂量(0.5mg/ml)组的抑制率最高为85%,中剂量(0.25mg/ml)组次之为74%;褐藻酸硫酸酯低剂量(0.125mg/ml)组对Caski细胞中HPV16的E6基因表达的抑制作用最高为70%,高剂量(0.5mg/ml)组次之为48%。
表1-2.褐藻酸硫酸酯对于Hela细胞和Caski细胞中HPV的E6基因表达的抑制作用
4.药物在Hela细胞和Caski细胞培养中对于HPV的E6和E7蛋白表达的抑制作用:
以每毫升10万个细胞接种于6孔细胞培养板,每孔1ml,于37度5%CO2培养箱中培养24小时;加入2倍稀释的3个浓度(1.0、0.5、0.25mg/ml)的褐藻酸硫酸酯药液,每个浓度3孔,并设立细胞对照孔M,37度5%CO2培养箱中培养48小时。然后弃去培养液,用PBS清洗2次。加入RIPA细胞裂解液在冰浴中进行裂解30min,将细胞裂解液收集于1.5ml离心管中于4度10,000rpm离心10min去沉淀,将上清与用2x SDS-PAGE上样缓冲液混合后沸水浴5min,冷却后进行SDS-PAGE电泳分离。然后用western blot方法检测HPV的E6和E7蛋白的表达情况,以β-actin为内参。通过Image J软件对蛋白条带进行定量,将空白对照的E6/actin或E7/actin比值设为1,然后将各个给药孔的比值分别与对照孔(比值为1)比较,最终可得到各个给药浓度的E6和E7蛋白的相对表达水平(RL),并计算抑制率。
HPV的E6或E7蛋白表达抑制率=(RLcontrol-RLsample)/RLcontrol。
实验结果见图8和表1-3所示,实验结果表明,褐藻酸硫酸酯各药物组均显示了对于HPV的主要致病蛋白E6的蛋白表达的抑制作用,以1.0mg/ml剂量组的抑制率最高为86%,中剂量(0.5mg/ml)组次之为65%;褐藻酸硫酸酯在高剂量(1.0mg/ml)呈现对于HPV的E7蛋白表达的抑制作用,抑制率为22%。
表1-3.褐藻酸硫酸酯对HPV的E6和E7蛋白表达的抑制作用
本实施例通过实验证明褐藻酸硫酸酯对HPV假病毒侵染过程的抑制作用和褐藻酸硫酸酯在HPV转化细胞培养中的抗HPV作用,说明褐藻酸硫酸酯具有对抗人乳头瘤病毒的作用,如下表所示,由人乳头瘤病毒引起的病症如表1-4所示,可以说明褐藻酸硫酸酯具有预防和治疗宫颈癌、寻常疣、扁平疣、尖锐湿疣、肉类处理者乳头瘤、疣状表皮发育不良、喉乳头瘤和湿疣等病症的应用前景。
表1-4 HPV亚型的病毒病理表现
实施例3:褐藻酸硫酸酯栓剂的制备
褐藻酸硫酸酯栓剂的制备原料为所述褐藻酸硫酸酯粉末、半合成脂肪酸甘油酯和甘油。具体制备步骤如下:
将褐藻酸硫酸酯和基质粉碎过100目筛,基质水浴条件下熔融后,加入褐藻酸硫酸酯,搅拌均匀。待温度降到40℃以下,倒入模具内,冷却固化后,用刀削去溢出的部分,开启栓模,推出即可。
实施例4褐藻酸硫酸酯泡腾栓剂的制备
褐藻酸硫酸酯泡腾栓剂的制备原料为所述褐藻酸硫酸酯粉末、聚氧乙烯单硬脂酸酯、碳酸氢钠、液体石蜡。具体制备步骤如下:
将所有辅料进行105℃干燥2h,研细过80目筛备用。取聚氧乙烯单硬脂酸酯置于80℃恒温水浴中,待其熔融后将褐藻酸硫酸酯加入,充分搅拌均匀后将泡腾剂加入并混合均匀,再栓剂模具上涂抹液体石蜡,将上述混合物趁热倾入模具中,待其充分冷却后将溢出部分切除,脱模即可。
本发明经过试验数据证明所述褐藻酸硫酸酯在6~18kDa范围内均具有抑制HPV感染的作用,经试验证明褐藻酸硫酸酯在治疗由人乳头瘤状病毒引起的病症时,其功能基团为硫酸化的M段及G段,大分子量的褐藻酸硫酸酯是功能基团硫酸化M段及G段重叠单元的增加,所以褐藻酸硫酸酯在18~100kDa范围内亦具有治疗由人乳头瘤状病毒引起的病症的作用。
综上所述,褐藻酸硫酸酯可以明显降低高危型HPV病毒载量,改善宫颈临床症状,治疗宫颈HPV感染疗效显著,临床使用安全可靠,无毒副反应,可以开发成栓剂或者膏剂用于宫颈癌和各种皮肤疣的治疗。
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其进行限制;尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,依然可以对前述实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明所要求保护的技术方案的精神和范围。
Claims (9)
1.褐藻酸硫酸酯在制备预防和治疗由人乳头瘤状病毒引起的疾病的药物和保健品中的应用,其特征在于:所述褐藻酸硫酸酯是褐藻酸的C2及C3位上引入硫酸酯基而成的一种硫酸多糖类化合物,重均分子量为6~100kDa,聚甘露糖醛酸含量为5~95%,聚古罗糖醛酸含量为5~95%,硫酸根取代度为5~15%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的褐藻酸硫酸酯在制备预防和治疗由人乳头瘤状病毒引起的疾病的药物和保健品中的应用,其特征在于:所述褐藻酸硫酸酯的制备方法如下:在反应器中加入甲酰胺,然后缓慢加入氯磺酸,接着加入低聚褐藻酸,低聚褐藻酸与甲酰胺的质量比1:4~12,低聚褐藻酸与氯磺酸的质量比为1:1~3;上述组分混合形成的混合物在50~90℃搅拌反应1~5h;反应结束后醇沉,过滤,洗涤,收集沉淀,沉淀用水溶解后,缓慢加入氢氧化钠溶液转化成盐,调节溶液pH至8~10;溶液用活性炭脱色,用甲醇或乙醇进行醇沉结晶,干燥即得到所述褐藻酸硫酸酯。
3.根据权利要求1所述的褐藻酸硫酸酯在制备预防和治疗由人乳头瘤状病毒引起的疾病的药物和保健品中的应用,其特征在于:所述由人乳头瘤状病毒引起的病症包括宫颈癌、寻常疣、扁平疣、尖锐湿疣、肉类处理者乳头瘤、疣状表皮发育不良、Bowenoid丘疹病、喉乳头瘤和湿疣。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的褐藻酸硫酸酯在制备预防和治疗由人乳头瘤状病毒引起的疾病的药物和保健品中的应用,其特征在于:所述褐藻酸硫酸酯具有对HPV假病毒侵染的强抑制作用,且具有剂量依赖性;所述褐藻酸硫酸酯作用48h以后具有完全抑制HPV感染的作用。
5.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的褐藻酸硫酸酯在制备预防和治疗由人乳头瘤状病毒引起的疾病的药物和保健品中的应用,其特征在于:所述褐藻酸硫酸酯对HPV的致病因子E6基因的表达具有抑制作用。
6.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的褐藻酸硫酸酯在制备预防和治疗由人乳头瘤状病毒引起的疾病的药物和保健品中的应用,其特征在于:所述褐藻酸硫酸酯对HPV的致病蛋白E6和E7的表达具有抑制作用。
7.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的褐藻酸硫酸酯在制备预防和治疗由人乳头瘤状病毒引起的疾病的药物和保健品中的应用,其特征在于:所述褐藻酸硫酸酯与水溶性基质或脂溶性基质复配形成包含褐藻酸硫酸酯的外用剂型,所述剂型包括阴道栓剂、泡腾栓剂、阴道泡腾胶囊、阴道软胶囊、阴道泡腾片、凝胶剂和海绵栓剂。
8.根据权利要7所述的所述的褐藻酸硫酸酯在制备预防和治疗由人乳头瘤状病毒引起的疾病的药物和保健品中的应用,其特征在于:所述水溶性基质为甘油明胶、聚乙二醇、聚氧乙烯单硬脂酸酯类、泊洛沙姆中的一种或几种;所述脂溶性基质为可可豆酯、半合成或全合成脂肪酸甘油酯。
9.根据权利要求7所述的褐藻酸硫酸酯在制备预防和治疗由人乳头瘤状病毒引起的疾病的药物和保健品中的应用,其特征在于:所述剂型中还添加有硬化剂、增稠剂、乳化剂、促吸收剂、着色剂、抗氧化剂或防腐剂中的一种或几种;
所述硬化剂选自白蜡、鲸蜡醇、硬脂醇中的一种或几种;
所述增稠剂选自氢化蓖麻油、单硬脂酸甘油酯、硬脂酸铝中的一种或几种;
所述乳化剂选自肥皂、阿拉伯胶、烷基苯磺酸钠中的一种或几种;
所述促吸收剂选自吐温80和/或Azone;所述着色剂选自苋菜红、胭脂红、柠檬黄、可溶性靛蓝、桔黄G、伊红、品红、没蓝、苏丹蓝中的一种或几种;
所述抗氧化剂选自亚硫酸氢钠、焦亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸钠、硫代硫酸钠、抗坏血酸、枸橼酸、叔丁基对羟基茴香醚、叔丁基对甲酚中的一种或几种;
所述防腐剂选自尼泊金类、苯甲酸、山梨酸、乙醇、苯甲醇、苯乙醇中的一种或几种。
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