CN105724288A - Indoor breeding method of fry of rhinogobio ventralis sauvage et dabry - Google Patents
Indoor breeding method of fry of rhinogobio ventralis sauvage et dabry Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/02—Temperature
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to an indoor breeding method of fry of rhinogobio ventralis sauvage et dabry, and belongs to the technical field of breeding of rare and endemic fishes.The method comprises the steps that according to physiological and ecological characteristics of rhinogobio ventralis sauvage et dabry at different development stages of fry, advanced fry and juvenile fishes and differences of sensitivity to main pathogenic microorganisms of ichthyophthirius multifiliis, the whole fry breeding process is divided into three stages of tending barrel micro aeration breeding, tending barrel temperature-control microflow water breeding and glass fiber cylinder imitation-ecology mixed breeding.According to the fry breeding method of the rhinogobio ventralis sauvage et dabry, artificial regulation is conducted on critical water quality environmental factors of plankton communities and water temperature on the basis of intensively studying an influence mechanism of environmental factors causing ichthyophthirius multifiliis, a traditional pond water quality regulation technology is applied to a microflow water breeding mode, a series of technical problems that in the fry breeding process, stress responses of the fry are intense, ichthyophthirius multifiliis occurs frequently, and the fry grow slowly are effectively solved, and a technical support is provided for large-scale breeding of the fry of endemic fishes in the upper Yangtze River.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fingerling cultivating method, the long fin kiss seed indoor culture method of especially a kind of rare Endemic fish.
Background technology
Long fin kiss (RhinogobioventralisSauvageetDabry), belong to Cypriniformes (CyPriniforme), Cyprinidae (CyPrinidae), subfamily (Gobioninae), kiss genus (RhinogobioBleeker), it is commonly called as ocean fish, soil mouse, its fine and tender taste, delicious flavour, there is higher nutritive value and economic worth, be the distinctive small-sized benthic fishes of Upper Yangtze River.Long fin kiss adapts to flowing water habitat, with flowing water zoobenthos such as fresh water mussels for food.Laying eggs in swift running water, be a kind of river course migration fishes producing Drifting egg, its whole life cycle all completes in river course, and the aquatic border of convection current has high dependency.But in recent years due to reasons such as overfishing, water pollution and hydraulic engineering constructions, long fin kiss stock number sharply declines, reach indoor eager guard mode from the aspect qualitative assessments such as threated degree, genetic diversity, value long fin kiss.
For protecting and breeding wild long fin kiss resource; promote hydroelectric development and aquatile protection work coordination development, within 2012, start mandarin sturgeon institute under China Three Gorges Corporation subsidizes, carried out the chartering cost research work of the long fin kiss of the rare Endemic fish of Upper Yangtze River targetedly.2013-2014 seminar sets up and has screened the artificial domestication pattern being suitable for wild long fin kiss, cultivates and obtains sexual maturity parent fish.Within 2014, achieve long fin kiss artificial propagation at home first.But fry rearing process exists stress is strong, disease takes place frequently and a series of technical barriers such as poor growth, especially ichthyophthiriasis is once outburst often directly results in fry rearing work utter failure.Given this; currently need badly on the basis of the long fin kiss larval and juvenile fish growth and development characteristics of systematic study and physio-ecology characterristics; research and develop the long fin kiss offspring seed cultivation method that a kind of effect is notable, be suitable for large-scale production; both fry anti-stress ability had been significantly improved; can effectively strengthen again the prevention and control ability of ichthyophthiriasis simultaneously; solve the technical difficult problem in restriction seed rearing stage, it is achieved the large-scale promotion of this application technology.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides in a kind of long fin kiss seedling room and plant breeding method, it is possible to solve long fin kiss fry stress when artificial culture is strong, ichthyophthiriasis frequently breaks out and the series of technical such as poor growth.On the long fin kiss larvae juvenile fish growth and development characteristics of systematic study and physio-ecology characterristics basis, the present invention kisses seed according to long fin and by whole seed rearing process, the sensitivity of pathogenic microorganism (little melonworm) is divided into 3 stages: foster the micro-aeration of bucket to cultivate pattern (2-15 age in days), foster the micro-running water technology pattern of barrel temperature control (16-120 age in days) and glass cylinder Ecology Polyculture (more than 120 ages in days).Bottleneck technical barrier for different growth and development stages has researched and proposed corresponding technical measures respectively: such as the problem strong for Early larval opening stage stress, vigor is poor, the present invention has researched and developed specific activation agent, by fry carries out periodically soaking the anti-adversity ability strengthening Early larval and immune function, significantly improve the fry survival level at opening stage；The 15 above fries of age in days enter the high-risk period of ichthyophthiriasis outburst, the present invention has researched and developed the micro-running water technology pattern of temperature control, this kind of pattern is in the Environmental Factors mechanism based analysing in depth ichthyophthiriasis outburst, the key water quality environment factor (plankton community, water temperature) is carried out artificial adjustment, reaches effective disease prevention and control purpose.This pattern is the regulating and controlling water quality technology of pond culture to be applied in indoor miniflow water aquaculture model, achieve pond culture to be combined with miniflow water aquaculture model, efficiently solve long fin and kiss the dwelling property Fish problem that ichthyophthiriasis frequently breaks out when artificial cultivation at the bottom of this adaptation flowing water habitat.
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a kind of long fin kiss seed indoor culture method, and the method comprises the following steps:
Technical scheme is kissed the physiological ecology feature of larval and juvenile fish different growing periods according to long fin and the sensitivity of main pathogenic microbes (little melonworm) is divided into 3 breeding phases, respectively fostering the micro-aeration of bucket to cultivate, foster the micro-running water technology of barrel temperature control and glass cylinder Ecology to raise together with, the method concrete operation step is as follows:
(1) fostering the micro-aeration of bucket to cultivate: Early larval (2-15 age in days) should adopt fosters the micro-aeration pattern of bucket to cultivate, this stage cultivates overall process without allogenic water, every day time opening air pump aeration oxygen replenishing；
(2) the micro-running water technology of barrel temperature control is fostered: prelarva-Juvenile fish (16-120 age in days) should adopt and foster the micro-running water technology pattern of barrel temperature control late period, seedlings cultivating pond continues to intake in right amount, cultivation source water needs to process through water quality and temperature adjusting, and water temperature excursion is 25-28 DEG C；
(3) glass cylinder Ecology is raised together with: juvenile fish (more than 120 ages in days) should adopt glass cylinder Ecology Polyculture, perennial draingage is cultivated, seedlings cultivating pond water exchange capacity is significantly higher than miniflow aqueous mode, cultivation source water is for through precipitating, disinfect natural water area river, cultivating process and other fish fry mixed breeds.
Above-mentioned steps (1), (2) seed rearing stage different with (3) three all carries out in indoor, and requires that seedlings cultivating workshop possesses air-proof condition completely, to meet the demand for control of ambient air temperature in seed rearing process；
In step (1), foster the micro-aeration of bucket to cultivate pattern and include 2 sport technique segments, respectively prelarva anti-stress training；Larvae cultivation manages.
Prelarva anti-stress is trained: first, is concentrated by 2 age in days prelarvas and proceeds in plastic tub, and density is with 30000-50000 tail/m2It is advisable, places gas Shi Yimei, continue aeration and make water in basin body be uniform tumbling state；Then, point 3 addition activator in basin, and step up concentration, and respectively reach 1mg/L, 3mg/L, 5mg/L and each maintain certain time, fry soak time respectively 30min, 15min and 10min in 3 kinds of variable concentrations activator solns；
Larvae cultivation: cultivating pond is diameter 70cm, the round plastic bucket of high 100cm, and bottom of the barrel side arranges excessive comb, and each breeding barrel lays 1 piece of gas stone, and the depth of water is about 65cm, water carrying capacity about 250L.2 age in days fries after anti-stress is trained can proceed to cultivation pond and carry out early stage cultivation, and cloth Seedling density 500 tails/bucket, water temperature 18-20 DEG C, temperature difference per day controls within 1 DEG C.This stage cultivating process is without allogenic water, and every day requires time opening air pump aeration oxygen replenishing according to specified scheme.4-6 age in days fry yolk sac exhausts substantially, and prelarva proceeds to the flat trip phase, now starts open-mouthed bait wheel animalcule of throwing something and feeding, and throw something and feed day 3 times (7:00,14:00,20:00), it is ensured that cultivates food density in pond and maintains 5-8/ml；7-15 age in days is gradually increased along with fry schistostoma, begins to use cladocera germling and wheel animalcule mixing to throw something and feed, cultivates food density in pond and respectively reach 1-2/ml and 3-4/ml；During seed rearing, every day regularly clears up dead Seedling, it is ensured that cultivate pool inner water matter index excellent；
The preparation method of described activator is as follows: activator effective ingredient includes oligo-chitosan, nicotinic acid, folic acid, calcium pantothenate, biotin, arteannuin and immunomodulator, the concentration of each effective ingredient respectively 5-15mg/L, 5-15mg/L, 10-20mg/L, 15-25mg/L, 15-25mg/L, 20-30mg/L and 5-15mg/L, and the saline solution being 2%-3% with mass concentration are prepared for stock solution.
More preferably the preparation method of described activator is as follows: activator effective ingredient mainly includes oligo-chitosan, nicotinic acid, folic acid, calcium pantothenate, biotin, arteannuin and immunomodulator, prepare with the saline solution of 2%-3% for stock solution, the concentration of each effective ingredient respectively 10mg/L, 10mg/L, 15mg/L, 20mg/L, 20mg/L, 25mg/L and 10mg/L；
Described air pump aeration oxygen replenishing scheme designs according to Early larval vigor, allelotaxis and Burden-Swimming Ability of KM.Concrete mode is as follows: (1) 2-5 age in days is that prelarva is hung down the trip stage, to complete fish glue inflation this stage fry, for strengthening fry vigor, promotes fry allelotaxis, and cultivating process should suitably increase aeration rate.Every day, air pump opened 3 times (8:00,15:00,21:00), each aeration persistent period 30min；(2) 6-8 age in days is the critical period of prelarva opening, and for avoiding the disorderly stream that aeration is formed to affect fry opening effect, every day only opens air pump 1 time (21:00), aeration persistent period 15min at night；(3) 9-15 age in days is the prelarva flat trip phase, and fry oxygen consumption incrementally increases, and opens every day 2 times (8:00,21:00), each aeration persistent period 30min；
In step (2), the 15 above prelarvas of age in days enter the high-risk period of ichthyophthiriasiss outburst, break out for effective prevention and control ichthyophthiriasis, and late period, prelarva-Juvenile fish phase (16-120 age in days) was designed with fostering a barrel temperature control miniflow aqueous mode.Cultivation source water to be carried out water quality and temperature adjusting pretreatment by being mainly characterized by of this mode discrimination and tradition running water technology.
The operation of concrete seedlings cultivating is as follows: seedlings cultivating pond is with fostering the micro-aeration pattern of bucket, and this stage needs to open fishpond water inlet, and inflow is about 50-80L/h, and cultivation source water needs to cultivate and temperature adjusting pretreatment through water quality；Cultivate transparency in pond and keep 30-40cm, seedlings cultivating water temperature is stepped up to 25-28 DEG C by 20 DEG C and remains stable, in addition, for satisfied cultivation pond temperature control demand, this stage cultivates overall process cultivation workshop and should keep airtight, use floor standing air-conditioner to carry out ambient temperature control, it is ensured that temperature reaches about 28 DEG C simultaneously；Before 30 ages in days, seedlings cultivating density domination is at 200-300 tail/bucket, along with fry growth should gradually reduce cultivation density, carries out screening rare point in time according to size heterogeneity, to 90 age in days seedlings cultivating density domination at 100-150 tail/bucket；16-30 age in days fry bait is to cultivate the micro-flea that swims (cladocera, Copepods) in the water of source, food density maintains 2-3/ml, 30-120 age in days fry, except swimming except micro-flea bait source, also to supplement the Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri minced of throwing something and feeding in right amount, and feeding rate is about 1-2%.Regulate and control inflow during seedlings cultivating as required and guarantee that every water quality index reaches cultivation safe water requirement；
In step (3), source water pretreatment mainly includes water quality cultivation and two steps of temperature adjusting, and the cultivation source water after regulated process is up to standard can for seed rearing workshop, and regulating and controlling water quality whole process is all carried out in indoor.
Facility condition: source water treatment facility is made up of large-scale cistern and homoiothermic pond, and cistern water carrying capacity is about 100t, depth of water 1.5m；Homoiothermic pond water carrying capacity is about 5t, depth of water 60cm, and pond base fabric sets warming pipeline.For improving intensity of illumination, water regulation and control workshop roof in source arranges that LED light source is some, keeps illumination uniform, appropriate for 24h；
Water quality is cultivated: namely fry entrance needs to take up source water planting for 10-15 days before fostering barrel temperature control micro-running water technology stage and educate.Concrete grammar is as follows: first according to 2g/m after cistern water inlet3Dosage use rich water fisheries drug " full water live ", treat after 3-4 days that Chi Shui presents micro-green and starts to use bacillus cereus and the vegetable polysaccharides of activated process, applied dose concentration respectively 0.1g/m3And 0.02g/m3, used every 1 day 1 time, until the water colour gradually dense yellow green that presents, till transparency reaches about 30cm；Water quality starts zooplankton is dynamically changed to be monitored after cultivating 5-7 days, reaches, after 0.5-1/ml, to start according to 2-3g/m until micro-flea density of swimming in water body3Dose concentration use active biological protein " profit bait many " and carry out biological feed amplification and cultivate.Along with the consumption of source water should be injected new water to cistern by seed rearing process in time, supplement nutrient source as required in right amount to maintain water stabilization simultaneously；
Temperature adjusting: the source water of (transparency 30cm, yellow green, swim micro-flea density 2-3/ml) up to standard after cultivating also should carry out temperature adjusting process before entering cultivation pond.Concrete processing scheme is as follows: be about 20 DEG C fostering the micro-aeration breeding phase temperature of cultivation of bucket, and pattern target water temperature is cultivated in temperature control should reach 25-28 DEG C.Therefore, it is temperature raising period that gradual and orderly approach, 16-25 age in days are taked in the intensification of homoiothermic pond, heats up 0.5 DEG C every day, remains stable after cultivating pond water temperature and reaching 25-28 DEG C of interval range, and temperature difference per day controls within 1 DEG C.
In described step (3), more than 4 monthly ages big specification juvenile fish can transfer glass cylinder Ecology to and raise together with cultivation pattern, kiss from long fin the fry raised together with of juvenile fish require specification, bore close to and life to perch water layer different, form solid distribution cultivation；Compare screening acipenser dabryanus through test, that sterlet and Myxocyprinus asiaticus juvenile fish raise together with effect is better.
Concrete operation method is as follows: raise together with that fingerling includes in acipenser dabryanus, sterlet, Myxocyprinus asiaticus juvenile fish one or more, concrete operation method is as follows: seedlings cultivating glass cylinder diameter is 2.0-4.0m, depth of water 50-80cm, and seedlings cultivating density is 500-800 tail/m2, cultivating process is thrown something and fed a liter rope micro-granulated feed, feedstuff particle diameter 1.0-1.5mm, and every day throws something and feeds 2 times by 9:00,15:00, and feeding rate is 2-3%, culturing pool day quantity of exchanged water reach 5-8 time.
Raising together with in cultivation pattern, raising together with fingerling is sterlet, Myxocyprinus asiaticus, wherein sterlet: Myxocyprinus asiaticus: long fin kiss quantity ratio is for 1:2:5.
Long fin provided by the invention kiss seed indoor culture method, profitable effect is as follows:
1, the present invention kisses at the long fin of systematic study on larval and juvenile fish different growing periods physiological ecology feature and the basis to main pathogenic microbes (little melonworm) sensitivity differences and whole seed rearing process is divided into 3 different stages, apply different patterns at different growing periods and carry out seed rearing, solve the technical barrier that each stage faces targetedly；
2, the problems such as Early larval is poor to envirment factor tolerance, stress is strong are kissed for long fin, the present invention has researched and developed and can excite larval activity, improve the activator of envirment factor tolerance, by periodically soaking the anti-adversity ability strengthening Early larval and immune function, significantly improve the fry survival level at opening stage；
3, prelarva in late period-Juvenile fish (16-120 age in days) period is kissed to pathogenic microorganism little melonworm comparatively sensitive issue for long fin, the key water quality environment factor (plankton community, water temperature), in the Environmental Factors mechanism based of further investigation ichthyophthiriasis outburst, has been carried out artificial adjustment by the present invention.Novelty traditional pond regulating and controlling water quality technology is applied in indoor micro-running water technology pattern, achieve combination and the linkage of pond culture and micro-flowing water culture, it is aided with temperature adjusting simultaneously and cultivation source water is carried out pretreatment, overcome pond culture temperature fluctuation amplitude and cause greatly and easily the drawback of disease, construct applicable long fin and kiss the indoor seed rearing pattern of dwelling property Fish at the bottom of this adaptation flowing water habitat.
4, juvenile fish breeding phase is kissed at long fin, mixed breed is carried out by introducing other fries that ichthyophthiriasis is had notable resistance Fish, simulate the feature that field river waters bio-diversity is high, promote the fry adaptation to artificial cultivation environment, tame and docile the food stage at mixed feed simultaneously, can promote that long fin kiss fry ingests mixed feed by raising together with the drive of Fish, improve and tame and docile food effect.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is long fin kiss larval and juvenile fish growth promoter situation under the indoor seed rearing pattern of embodiment 1；
Fig. 2 is the long fin kiss fry growth situation of the indoor seed rearing of embodiment 1, and A is newly hatched larvae, total length 6.5mm, and B is 78 age in days juvenile fish, total length 54mm, weight 1.17g；C is 92 age in days juvenile fish, total length 64mm, weight 2.16g；D is 168 age in days juvenile fish, total length 89mm, weight 3.90g.
Detailed description of the invention
Below by application example, technical scheme is made an explanation, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited by example.
Embodiment one
This method is crossed Burner zone rare Endemic fish enhancement releasing station and is practiced in China Three Gorges Corporation's small stream Lip river, culture experiment seed derive from pouring station voluntarily hasten parturition breeding obtain, breeding parent fish used is the wild fish through artificial domestication maturation, and concrete condition is as follows:
Kiss the physiological ecology feature of larval and juvenile fish different growing periods according to long fin and the sensitivity of main pathogenic microbes (little melonworm) is divided into 3 breeding phases, respectively fostering the micro-aeration of bucket to cultivate, foster the micro-running water technology of barrel temperature control and glass cylinder Ecology to raise together with, the method concrete operation step is as follows:
1) fostering the micro-aeration of bucket to cultivate: Early larval (2-15 age in days) should adopt fosters the micro-aeration pattern of bucket to cultivate, this stage cultivates overall process without allogenic water, every day time opening air pump aeration oxygen replenishing；
2) the micro-running water technology of barrel temperature control is fostered: prelarva-Juvenile fish (16-120 age in days) should adopt and foster the micro-running water technology pattern of barrel temperature control late period, seedlings cultivating pond continues to intake in right amount, cultivation source water needs to process through water quality and temperature adjusting, and water temperature excursion is 25-28 DEG C；
3) glass cylinder Ecology is raised together with: juvenile fish (more than 120 ages in days) should adopt glass cylinder Ecology Polyculture, perennial draingage is cultivated, seedlings cultivating pond water exchange capacity is significantly higher than miniflow aqueous mode, cultivation source water is for through precipitating, disinfect natural water area river, cultivating process and other fish fry mixed breeds.
Above-mentioned steps 1), 2) with 3) three different seed rearing stages all carry out in indoor, and require that seedlings cultivating workshop possesses air-proof condition completely, to meet the demand for control of ambient air temperature in seed rearing process；
Step 1) foster bucket micro-aeration cultivation pattern to include 2 sport technique segments, respectively (1) prelarva anti-stress training；(2) larvae cultivation management.
(1) 2 age in days prelarvas are concentrated and proceed in plastic tub by prelarva anti-stress training: first, and density is with 30000-50000 tail/m2It is advisable, places gas Shi Yimei, continue aeration and make water in basin body be uniform tumbling state；Then, point 3 addition activator in basin, and step up concentration, and respectively reach 1mg/L, 3mg/L, 5mg/L and each maintain certain time, fry soak time respectively 30min, 15min and 10min in 3 kinds of variable concentrations activator solns；The preparation method of activator is as follows: activator effective ingredient mainly includes oligo-chitosan, nicotinic acid, folic acid, calcium pantothenate, biotin, arteannuin and immunomodulator, prepare with the saline solution of 2%-3% for stock solution, the concentration of each effective ingredient respectively 10mg/L, 10mg/L, 15mg/L, 20mg/L, 20mg/L, 25mg/L and 10mg/L；
(2) larvae cultivation: cultivating pond is diameter 70cm, the round plastic bucket of high 100cm, and bottom of the barrel side arranges excessive comb, and each breeding barrel lays 1 piece of gas stone, and the depth of water is about 65cm, water carrying capacity about 250L.2 age in days fries after anti-stress is trained can proceed to cultivation pond and carry out early stage cultivation, and cloth Seedling density 500 tails/bucket, water temperature 18-20 DEG C, temperature difference per day controls within 1 DEG C.This stage cultivating process is without allogenic water, and every day requires time opening air pump aeration oxygen replenishing according to specified scheme.Concrete mode is as follows: 2-5 age in days is that prelarva is hung down the trip stage, to complete fish glue inflation this stage fry, for strengthening fry vigor, promotes fry allelotaxis, and cultivating process should suitably increase aeration rate.Every day, air pump opened 3 times (8:00,15:00,21:00), each aeration persistent period 30min；6-8 age in days is the critical period of prelarva opening, and for avoiding the disorderly stream that aeration is formed to affect fry opening effect, every day only opens air pump 1 time (21:00), aeration persistent period 15min at night；9-15 age in days is the prelarva flat trip phase, and fry oxygen consumption incrementally increases, and opens every day 2 times (8:00,21:00), each aeration persistent period 30min；4-6 age in days fry yolk sac exhausts substantially, and prelarva proceeds to the flat trip phase, now starts open-mouthed bait wheel animalcule of throwing something and feeding, and throw something and feed day 3 times (7:00,14:00,20:00), it is ensured that cultivates food density in pond and maintains 5-8/ml；7-15 age in days is gradually increased along with fry schistostoma, begins to use cladocera germling and wheel animalcule mixing to throw something and feed, cultivates food density in pond and respectively reach 1-2/ml and 3-4/ml；During seed rearing, every day regularly clears up dead Seedling, it is ensured that cultivate pool inner water matter index excellent；
Step 2) in, the 15 above prelarvas of age in days enter the high-risk period of ichthyophthiriasiss outburst, break out for effective prevention and control ichthyophthiriasis, and late period, prelarva-Juvenile fish phase (16-120 age in days) was designed with fostering a barrel temperature control miniflow aqueous mode.Cultivation source water to be carried out water quality and temperature adjusting pretreatment by being mainly characterized by of this mode discrimination and tradition running water technology.
Source water pretreatment mainly includes water quality and cultivates and two steps of temperature adjusting, and the cultivation source water after regulated process is up to standard can for seed rearing workshop, and regulating and controlling water quality whole process is all carried out in indoor.
Facility condition: source water treatment facility is made up of large-scale cistern and homoiothermic pond, and cistern water carrying capacity is about 100t, depth of water 1.5m；Homoiothermic pond water carrying capacity is about 5t, depth of water 60cm, and pond base fabric sets warming pipeline.For improving intensity of illumination, water regulation and control workshop roof in source arranges that LED light source is some, keeps illumination uniform, appropriate for 24h；
Water quality is cultivated: namely fry entrance needs to take up source water planting for 10-15 days before fostering barrel temperature control micro-running water technology stage and educate.Concrete grammar is as follows: first according to 2g/m after cistern water inlet3Dosage use rich water fisheries drug " full water live ", treat after 3-4 days that Chi Shui presents micro-green and starts to use bacillus cereus and the vegetable polysaccharides of activated process, applied dose concentration respectively 0.1g/m3And 0.02g/m3, used every 1 day 1 time, until the water colour gradually dense yellow green that presents, till transparency reaches about 30cm；Water quality starts zooplankton is dynamically changed to be monitored after cultivating 5-7 days, reaches, after 0.5-1/ml, to start according to 2-3g/m until micro-flea density of swimming in water body3Dose concentration use active biological protein " profit bait many " and carry out biological feed amplification and cultivate.Along with the consumption of source water should be injected new water to cistern by seed rearing process in time, supplement nutrient source as required in right amount to maintain water stabilization simultaneously；
Temperature adjusting: the source water of (transparency 30cm, yellow green, swim micro-flea density 2-3/ml) up to standard after cultivating also should carry out temperature adjusting process before entering cultivation pond.Concrete processing scheme is as follows: be about 20 DEG C fostering the micro-aeration breeding phase temperature of cultivation of bucket, and pattern target water temperature is cultivated in temperature control should reach 25-28 DEG C.Therefore, it is temperature raising period that gradual and orderly approach, 16-25 age in days are taked in the intensification of homoiothermic pond, heats up 0.5 DEG C every day, remains stable after cultivating pond water temperature and reaching 25-28 DEG C of interval range, and temperature difference per day controls within 1 DEG C.
Fostering barrel temperature control micro-running water technology concrete operations as follows: seedlings cultivating pond is with fostering the micro-aeration pattern of bucket, and this stage needs to open fishpond water inlet, inflow is about 50-80L/h, and cultivation source water needs to cultivate and temperature adjusting pretreatment through water quality；Cultivate transparency in pond and keep 30-40cm, seedlings cultivating water temperature is stepped up to 25-28 DEG C by 20 DEG C and remains stable, in addition, for satisfied cultivation pond temperature control demand, this stage cultivates overall process cultivation workshop and should keep airtight, use floor standing air-conditioner to carry out ambient temperature control, it is ensured that temperature reaches about 28 DEG C simultaneously；Before 30 ages in days, seedlings cultivating density domination is at 200-300 tail/bucket, along with fry growth should gradually reduce cultivation density, carries out screening rare point in time according to size heterogeneity, to 90 age in days seedlings cultivating density domination at 100-150 tail/bucket；16-30 age in days fry bait is to cultivate the micro-flea that swims (cladocera, Copepods) in the water of source, food density maintains 2-3/ml, 30-120 age in days fry, except swimming except micro-flea bait source, also to supplement the Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri minced of throwing something and feeding in right amount, and feeding rate is about 1-2%.Regulate and control inflow during seedlings cultivating as required and guarantee that every water quality index reaches cultivation safe water requirement；
Step 3) in, more than 4 monthly ages big specification juvenile fish can transfer glass cylinder Ecology to and raise together with cultivation pattern, kiss from long fin the fry raised together with of juvenile fish require specification, bore close to and life to perch water layer different, form solid distribution cultivation；Compare screening acipenser dabryanus through test, that sterlet and Myxocyprinus asiaticus juvenile fish raise together with effect is better.
Concrete operation method is as follows: seedlings cultivating glass cylinder diameter is 2.0-4.0m, about depth of water 60cm, and seedlings cultivating density is 500-800 tail/m2, wherein sterlet: Myxocyprinus asiaticus: long fin kiss quantity ratio is for 1:2:5, and cultivating process is thrown something and fed a liter rope micro-granulated feed, and feedstuff particle diameter 1.0-1.5mm, throw something and feed day 2 times (9:00,15:00), and feeding rate is 2-3%.Quantity of exchanged water reached 5-8 time and was advisable culturing pool day.
Long fin kiss seed indoor culture technology application effect
Culture experiment result shows: this kind of indoor more traditional flowing water culture of seedlings cultivating method is all significantly increased in weed survival rate and the speed of growth.Application the inventive method cultivates long fin kiss fry, and 15 age in days survival rate of fish frys can reach 70%-80%；Cultivating to the juvenile fish stage, 120 age in days survival rate of fish frys are about 45%-60%, and the 180 above survival rate of fish frys of age in days are 30%-40%；In growth promoter, long fin kiss newly hatched larvae total length (6.57 ± 0.42) mm, foster bucket micro-aeration breeding phase (2-15 age in days) fry to be still in the early stage of initial feeding, growth phase to slowly, 9 age in days fry total length (10.73 ± 0.40) mm；Proceeding to after fostering the micro-running water technology pattern of barrel temperature control, fry food ration dramatically increases, and fry growth speed is accelerated, and 30 age in days fry total lengths reach (21.23 ± 0.70) mm；The 30 above fry digestive system of age in days have been grown completely, cultivating process supplements and throws something and feeds Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri as bait, fry enters fast growing period, 78 age in days fry total length (54.15 ± 0.55) mm, having reached enhancement releasing specification (more than 50mm) of planning and designing, under indoor seed rearing pattern, the long fin kiss each growth period situation of larval and juvenile fish refers to Fig. 1.
Embodiment two
Kiss the physiological ecology feature of larval and juvenile fish different growing periods according to long fin and the sensitivity of main pathogenic microbes (little melonworm) is divided into 3 breeding phases, respectively fostering the micro-aeration of bucket to cultivate, foster the micro-running water technology of barrel temperature control and glass cylinder Ecology to raise together with, the method concrete operation step is as follows:
1) fostering the micro-aeration of bucket to cultivate: Early larval (2-15 age in days) should adopt fosters the micro-aeration pattern of bucket to cultivate, this stage cultivates overall process without allogenic water, every day time opening air pump aeration oxygen replenishing；
2) the micro-running water technology of barrel temperature control is fostered: prelarva-Juvenile fish (16-120 age in days) should adopt and foster the micro-running water technology pattern of barrel temperature control late period, seedlings cultivating pond continues to intake in right amount, cultivation source water needs to process through water quality and temperature adjusting, and water temperature excursion is 25-28 DEG C；
3) glass cylinder Ecology is raised together with: juvenile fish (more than 120 ages in days) should adopt glass cylinder Ecology Polyculture, perennial draingage is cultivated, seedlings cultivating pond water exchange capacity is significantly higher than miniflow aqueous mode, cultivation source water is for through precipitating, disinfect natural water area river, cultivating process and other fish fry mixed breeds.
Above-mentioned steps 1), 2) with 3) three different seed rearing stages all carry out in indoor, and require that seedlings cultivating workshop possesses air-proof condition completely, to meet the demand for control of ambient air temperature in seed rearing process；
Step 1) foster bucket micro-aeration cultivation pattern to include 2 sport technique segments, respectively (1) prelarva anti-stress training；(2) larvae cultivation management.
(1) 2 age in days prelarvas are concentrated and proceed in plastic tub by prelarva anti-stress training: first, and density is with 30000-50000 tail/m2It is advisable, places gas Shi Yimei, continue aeration and make water in basin body be uniform tumbling state；Then, point 3 addition activator in basin, and step up concentration, and respectively reach 2mg/L, 4mg/L, 6mg/L and each maintain certain time, fry soak time respectively 25min, 10min and 3min in 3 kinds of variable concentrations activator solns；The preparation method of activator is as follows: activator effective ingredient mainly includes oligo-chitosan, nicotinic acid, folic acid, calcium pantothenate, biotin, arteannuin and immunomodulator, prepare with the saline solution of 2%-3% for stock solution, the concentration of each effective ingredient respectively 10mg/L, 10mg/L, 15mg/L, 20mg/L, 20mg/L, 25mg/L and 10mg/L；
(2) larvae cultivation: cultivating pond is diameter 70cm, the round plastic bucket of high 100cm, and bottom of the barrel side arranges excessive comb, and each breeding barrel lays 1 piece of gas stone, and the depth of water is about 65cm, water carrying capacity about 250L.2 age in days fries after anti-stress is trained can proceed to cultivation pond and carry out early stage cultivation, and cloth Seedling density 500 tails/bucket, water temperature 18-20 DEG C, temperature difference per day controls within 1 DEG C.This stage cultivating process is without allogenic water, and every day requires time opening air pump aeration oxygen replenishing according to specified scheme.Concrete mode is as follows: 2-5 age in days is that prelarva is hung down the trip stage, to complete fish glue inflation this stage fry, for strengthening fry vigor, promotes fry allelotaxis, and cultivating process should suitably increase aeration rate.Every day, air pump opened 3 times (8:00,15:00,21:00), each aeration persistent period 30min；6-8 age in days is the critical period of prelarva opening, and for avoiding the disorderly stream that aeration is formed to affect fry opening effect, every day only opens air pump 1 time (21:00), aeration persistent period 15min at night；9-15 age in days is the prelarva flat trip phase, and fry oxygen consumption incrementally increases, and opens every day 2 times (8:00,21:00), each aeration persistent period 30min；4-6 age in days fry yolk sac exhausts substantially, and prelarva proceeds to the flat trip phase, now starts open-mouthed bait wheel animalcule of throwing something and feeding, and throw something and feed day 3 times (7:00,14:00,20:00), it is ensured that cultivates food density in pond and maintains 5-8/ml；7-15 age in days is gradually increased along with fry schistostoma, begins to use cladocera germling and wheel animalcule mixing to throw something and feed, cultivates food density in pond and respectively reach 1-2/ml and 3-4/ml；During seed rearing, every day regularly clears up dead Seedling, it is ensured that cultivate pool inner water matter index excellent；
Step 2) in, the 15 above prelarvas of age in days enter the high-risk period of ichthyophthiriasiss outburst, break out for effective prevention and control ichthyophthiriasis, and late period, prelarva-Juvenile fish phase (16-120 age in days) was designed with fostering a barrel temperature control miniflow aqueous mode.Cultivation source water to be carried out water quality and temperature adjusting pretreatment by being mainly characterized by of this mode discrimination and tradition running water technology.
Source water pretreatment mainly includes water quality and cultivates and two steps of temperature adjusting, and the cultivation source water after regulated process is up to standard can for seed rearing workshop, and regulating and controlling water quality whole process is all carried out in indoor.
Facility condition: source water treatment facility is made up of large-scale cistern and homoiothermic pond, and cistern water carrying capacity is about 100t, depth of water 1.5m；Homoiothermic pond water carrying capacity is about 5t, depth of water 60cm, and pond base fabric sets warming pipeline.For improving intensity of illumination, water regulation and control workshop roof in source arranges that LED light source is some, keeps illumination uniform, appropriate for 24h；
Water quality is cultivated: namely fry entrance needs to take up source water planting for 10-15 days before fostering barrel temperature control micro-running water technology stage and educate.Concrete grammar is as follows: first according to 2g/m after cistern water inlet3Dosage use rich water fisheries drug " full water live ", treat after 3-4 days that Chi Shui presents micro-green and starts to use bacillus cereus and the vegetable polysaccharides of activated process, applied dose concentration respectively 0.1g/m3And 0.02g/m3, used every 1 day 1 time, until the water colour gradually dense yellow green that presents, till transparency reaches about 30cm；Water quality starts zooplankton is dynamically changed to be monitored after cultivating 5-7 days, reaches, after 0.5-1/ml, to start according to 2-3g/m until micro-flea density of swimming in water body3Dose concentration use active biological protein " profit bait many " and carry out biological feed amplification and cultivate.Along with the consumption of source water should be injected new water to cistern by seed rearing process in time, supplement nutrient source as required in right amount to maintain water stabilization simultaneously；
Temperature adjusting: the source water of (transparency 30cm, yellow green, swim micro-flea density 2-3/ml) up to standard after cultivating also should carry out temperature adjusting process before entering cultivation pond.Concrete processing scheme is as follows: be about 20 DEG C fostering the micro-aeration breeding phase temperature of cultivation of bucket, and pattern target water temperature is cultivated in temperature control should reach 25-28 DEG C.Therefore, it is temperature raising period that gradual and orderly approach, 16-25 age in days are taked in the intensification of homoiothermic pond, heats up 0.5 DEG C every day, remains stable after cultivating pond water temperature and reaching 25-28 DEG C of interval range, and temperature difference per day controls within 1 DEG C.
Fostering barrel temperature control micro-running water technology concrete operations as follows: seedlings cultivating pond is with fostering the micro-aeration pattern of bucket, and this stage needs to open fishpond water inlet, inflow is about 50-80L/h, and cultivation source water needs to cultivate and temperature adjusting pretreatment through water quality；Cultivate transparency in pond and keep 30-40cm, seedlings cultivating water temperature is stepped up to 25-28 DEG C by 20 DEG C and remains stable, in addition, for satisfied cultivation pond temperature control demand, this stage cultivates overall process cultivation workshop and should keep airtight, use floor standing air-conditioner to carry out ambient temperature control, it is ensured that temperature reaches about 28 DEG C simultaneously；Before 30 ages in days, seedlings cultivating density domination is at 200-300 tail/bucket, along with fry growth should gradually reduce cultivation density, carries out screening rare point in time according to size heterogeneity, to 90 age in days seedlings cultivating density domination at 100-150 tail/bucket；16-30 age in days fry bait is to cultivate the micro-flea that swims (cladocera, Copepods) in the water of source, food density maintains 2-3/ml, 30-120 age in days fry, except swimming except micro-flea bait source, also to supplement the Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri minced of throwing something and feeding in right amount, and feeding rate is about 1-2%.Regulate and control inflow during seedlings cultivating as required and guarantee that every water quality index reaches cultivation safe water requirement；
Step 3) in, more than 4 monthly ages big specification juvenile fish can transfer glass cylinder Ecology to and raise together with cultivation pattern, kiss from long fin the fry raised together with of juvenile fish require specification, bore close to and life to perch water layer different, form solid distribution cultivation；Compare screening acipenser dabryanus through test, that sterlet and Myxocyprinus asiaticus juvenile fish raise together with effect is better.
Concrete operation method is as follows: seedlings cultivating glass cylinder diameter is 2.0-4.0m, about depth of water 60cm, and seedlings cultivating density is 500-800 tail/m2, wherein acipenser dabryanus: Myxocyprinus asiaticus: long fin kiss quantity ratio is for 2:3:5, and cultivating process is thrown something and fed a liter rope micro-granulated feed, and feedstuff particle diameter 1.0-1.5mm, throw something and feed day 2 times (9:00,15:00), and feeding rate is 2-3%.Quantity of exchanged water reached 5-8 time and was advisable culturing pool day.
Claims (10)
1. a long fin kiss seed indoor culture method, it is characterized in that, the method is kissed the physiological ecology feature of larval and juvenile fish different growing periods according to long fin and the sensitivity of the little melonworm of main pathogenic microbes is divided into 3 breeding phases, respectively fostering the micro-aeration of bucket to cultivate, foster the micro-running water technology of barrel temperature control and glass cylinder Ecology to raise together with, the method concrete operation step is as follows:
(1) fostering the micro-aeration of bucket to cultivate: the Early larval of 2-15 age in days to be adopted and foster the micro-aeration pattern of bucket to cultivate, this stage cultivates overall process without allogenic water, every day time opening air pump aeration oxygen replenishing；
(2) the micro-running water technology of barrel temperature control is fostered: adopted by prelarva-Juvenile fish in the late period of 16-120 age in days and foster the micro-running water technology pattern of barrel temperature control, seedlings cultivating pond continues to intake in right amount, cultivation source water needs to process through water quality and temperature adjusting, and water temperature excursion is 25-28 DEG C；
(3) glass cylinder Ecology is raised together with: juvenile fish more than 120 ages in days is adopted glass cylinder Ecology Polyculture, and perennial draingage is cultivated, and seedlings cultivating pond water exchange capacity is significantly higher than miniflow aqueous mode, cultivating process and other fish fry mixed breeds.
2. long fin according to claim 1 kiss offspring seed cultivation method, it is characterized in that: above-mentioned steps (1), (2) seed rearing stage different with (3) three all carries out in indoor, and require that seedlings cultivating workshop possesses air-proof condition completely, to meet the demand for control of ambient air temperature in seed rearing process.
3. long fin according to claim 1 kiss offspring seed cultivation method, it is characterised in that: in step (1), foster the micro-aeration pattern of bucket to cultivate and include the training of prelarva anti-stress and larvae cultivation management, specific as follows:
(1) prelarva anti-stress training: being concentrated by 2 age in days prelarvas and proceed in basin, density is with 30000-50000 tail/m2It is advisable, places gas Shi Yimei, continue aeration and make water in basin body be uniform tumbling state；Divide 3 times again in basin, add activator, and step up activator concentration, activator concentration in basin is made to reach 0.5-2mg/L, 2.5-4mg/L, 4.5-6mg/L successively, fry soak time respectively 25-35min, 10-20min and 3-12min in the activator soln of 0.5-2mg/L, 2.5-4mg/L, 4.5-6mg/L3 kind variable concentrations；
null(2) larvae cultivation: cultivating pond is diameter 70cm，The round plastic bucket of high 100cm，Bottom of the barrel side arranges excessive comb，Each breeding barrel lays 1 piece of gas stone，Depth of water 50-70cm，Water carrying capacity 200-300L，2 age in days fries after anti-stress is trained can proceed to cultivation pond and carry out early stage cultivation，Controlling cloth Seedling density is 500 tails/bucket，Water temperature 18-20 DEG C，Temperature difference per day controls within 1 DEG C，This stage cultivating process is without allogenic water，Every day time opening air pump aeration oxygen replenishing，Open-mouthed bait wheel animalcule of throwing something and feeding is started after 4-6 day，Every day presses 7:00、14:00、20:00 throws something and feeds 3 times，Ensure to cultivate food density in pond and maintain 5-8/ml，7-15 age in days fry begins to use cladocera germling and wheel animalcule mixing to throw something and feed，The food density making cultivation pond cladocera germling and wheel animalcule respectively reaches 1-2/ml and 3-4/ml.
4. long fin according to claim 3 kiss offspring seed cultivation method, it is characterized in that, the preparation method of described activator is as follows: activator effective ingredient includes oligo-chitosan, nicotinic acid, folic acid, calcium pantothenate, biotin, arteannuin and immunomodulator, the concentration of each effective ingredient respectively 5-15mg/L, 5-15mg/L, 10-20mg/L, 15-25mg/L, 15-25mg/L, 20-30mg/L and 5-15mg/L, and the saline solution being 2%-3% with mass concentration are prepared for stock solution.
5. long fin according to claim 4 kiss offspring seed cultivation method, it is characterized in that, the preparation method of described activator is as follows: activator effective ingredient includes oligo-chitosan, nicotinic acid, folic acid, calcium pantothenate, biotin, arteannuin and immunomodulator, the concentration of each effective ingredient respectively 10mg/L, 10mg/L, 15mg/L, 20mg/L, 20mg/L, 25mg/L and 10mg/L, and the saline solution being 2% with mass concentration are prepared for stock solution.
6. long fin according to claim 3 kiss offspring seed cultivation method, it is characterized in that, described air pump aeration oxygen replenishing scheme designs according to Early larval vigor, allelotaxis and Burden-Swimming Ability of KM, concrete mode is as follows: (1) 2-5 age in days is that prelarva is hung down the trip stage, fish glue inflation is completed this stage fry, for strengthening fry vigor, promote fry allelotaxis, cultivating process should suitably increase aeration rate, press every day opens air pump 3 times 8:00,15:00,21:00 time, each aeration persistent period 30min；(2) 6-8 age in days is the critical period of prelarva opening, and for avoiding the disorderly stream that aeration is formed to affect fry opening effect, every day only opens air pump 1 time at 21:00, aeration persistent period 15min；(3) 9-15 age in days is the prelarva flat trip phase, and fry oxygen consumption incrementally increases, and press every day opens 2 times 8:00,21:00 time, each aeration persistent period 30min.
7. long fin according to claim 1 kiss offspring seed cultivation method, it is characterised in that: in step (2), the prelarva in late period of 16-120 age in days-Juvenile fish phase adopts and fosters a barrel temperature control miniflow aqueous mode, specific as follows:
This stage opens fishpond water inlet, and inflow is about 50-80L/h, and cultivation source water needs through pretreatment；Cultivate transparency in pond and keep 30-40cm, seedlings cultivating water temperature is stepped up to 25-28 DEG C by 20 DEG C and remains stable, this stage cultivates overall process cultivation workshop and should keep airtight, controlling indoor temperature is 28 ± 3 DEG C, before 30 ages in days, seedlings cultivating density domination is at 200-300 tail/bucket, to 90 age in days seedlings cultivating density domination at 100-150 tail/bucket；16-30 age in days fry bait is to cultivate the swim cladocera of micro-flea, the Copepods in the water of source, and food density maintains 2-3/ml, 30-120 age in days fry except swimming except micro-flea bait source, also to supplement the Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri minced of throwing something and feeding, and feeding rate is 1%-2%.
8. long fin according to claim 7 kiss offspring seed cultivation method, it is characterised in that: source water pretreatment includes water quality and cultivates and two steps of temperature adjusting, specific as follows:
Water quality is cultivated: first according to 2g/m after cistern water inlet3Dosage use rich water fisheries drug full water live, treat after 3-4 days that Chi Shui presents micro-green and starts to use bacillus cereus and the vegetable polysaccharides of activated process, applied dose concentration respectively 0.1g/m3And 0.02g/m3, used every 1 day 1 time, until the water colour gradually dense yellow green that presents, till transparency reaches about 30cm；Water quality starts zooplankton is dynamically changed to be monitored after cultivating 5-7 days, reaches, after 0.5-1/ml, to start according to 2-3g/m until micro-flea density of swimming in water body3Dose concentration use active biological protein profit bait and carry out biological feed amplification more and cultivate, along with the consumption of source water should be injected new water to cistern by seed rearing process in time, simultaneously as required in right amount supplementary nutrient source to maintain water stabilization；
Temperature adjusting: source water up to standard after water quality is cultivated also should carry out temperature adjusting process before entering cultivation pond, specifically with 16-25 age in days for temperature raising period, heating up 0.5 DEG C every day, remain stable after cultivating pond water temperature and reaching 25-28 DEG C of interval range, temperature difference per day controls within 1 DEG C.
9. long fin according to claim 1 kiss offspring seed cultivation method, it is characterized in that: in step (3), the 120 above juvenile fish of age in days can transfer glass cylinder Ecology to and raise together with cultivation pattern, raise together with that fingerling includes in acipenser dabryanus, sterlet, Myxocyprinus asiaticus juvenile fish one or more, concrete operation method is as follows: seedlings cultivating glass cylinder diameter is 2.0-4.0m, depth of water 50-80cm, seedlings cultivating density is 500-800 tail/m2, cultivating process is thrown something and fed a liter rope micro-granulated feed, feedstuff particle diameter 1.0-1.5mm, and every day throws something and feeds 2 times by 9:00,15:00, and feeding rate is 2-3%, culturing pool day quantity of exchanged water reach 5-8 time.
10. long fin according to claim 9 kiss offspring seed cultivation method, it is characterised in that: raising together with in cultivation pattern, raising together with fingerling is sterlet, Myxocyprinus asiaticus, wherein sterlet: Myxocyprinus asiaticus: long fin kiss quantity ratio is for 1:2:5.
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