CN105706693A - Breeding method for conducting sowing and seedling raising on staphylea colchica - Google Patents

Breeding method for conducting sowing and seedling raising on staphylea colchica Download PDF

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CN105706693A
CN105706693A CN201610098059.8A CN201610098059A CN105706693A CN 105706693 A CN105706693 A CN 105706693A CN 201610098059 A CN201610098059 A CN 201610098059A CN 105706693 A CN105706693 A CN 105706693A
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seedling
seed
sowing
nursery stock
seeding
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徐华龙
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A01C1/08—Immunising seed
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protecting plants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a breeding method for conducting sowing and seedling raising on staphylea colchica.The method comprises the steps of 1, seed collection and seed treatment; 2, nursery field selection and treatment; 3, sowing and seedling raising; 4, seedling management; 5, pest control; 6, nursery stock outplanting.According to the method, staphylea colchica seeds are treated, a great number of staphylea colchica seedlings are bred by way of seedbed sowing and seedling raising, the method is simple and convenient in technical procedure, economical and feasible, people can grasp the method easily, it is beneficial to large-area popularization, meanwhile, by means of the method, a great number of high quality staphylea colchica seedlings can be bred, the disease attack rate of the nursery stock is lowered, and economic value of the nursery stock and the survival rate of nursery stock planting can be raised.

Description

A kind of mating system of Fructus Staphyleae Bumaldae seeding and seedling raising
Technical field
The present invention relates to the mating system of a kind of Fructus Staphyleae Bumaldae seeding and seedling raising.
Background technology
Fructus Staphyleae Bumaldae (Staphyleacolchica) is perennial machaka or dungarunga, another name water bar, place is commonly called as basilima sorbifolia, is the rare woody oleiferous plants of China, there is the advantages such as fruit oil content high, oil quality good, high yield, fast-growing, strong adaptability, be the energy-source plant of great potential.Edible and the medical value of Fructus Staphyleae Bumaldae is already recognized by people, tender leaf, tender slightly significantly high with the nutrition quality mark such as crude fat, total amino acids and essential amino acids in alabastrum, can as wholefood development of resources.Fructus Staphyleae Bumaldae whole nation most area has distribution, two alpine regions that main integrated distribution has concurrently at north-south climate, is born in roadside, hillside or trench both sides shrubbery, have cold-resistant, happiness is moistening, adapt to the characteristics such as sunshine.
Fructus Staphyleae Bumaldae has above-mentioned multiple use, the economic benefit of its plantation is high, but the method for cultivating seedlings of set of system is not had over the years because of Fructus Staphyleae Bumaldae, so being difficult to cultivate high-quality strong sprout in batches, plant and be difficult to show the characteristics such as its high yield, fast-growing and strong adaptability, and existing traditional seeding growing seedlings method percentage of seedgermination is low, nursery stock growing way is uneven, difficult quality guarantee, the survival rate planted is low, nursery stock production and the economic benefit after planting are relatively low, main or closely bound up with technology such as good varieties selection, seeding and seedling raising, seedling management and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned Problems existing, it is desirable to provide the mating system of a kind of Fructus Staphyleae Bumaldae seeding and seedling raising, the method is that the seed to Fructus Staphyleae Bumaldae processes and adopts the mode of land for growing field crops seeding in nursery bed nursery to breed Fructus Staphyleae Bumaldae seedling in a large number, by systematically collecting seed and seed treatment, nursery lot selects and processes, seeding and seedling raising, seedling management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, the method such as outplanting.The method techniqueflow is easy, and the masses are easier to grasp, and economic suitable row, is conducive to spread again, meanwhile, can go out Fructus Staphyleae Bumaldae high-quality strong sprout by large scale cultivating by the method, reduce nursery stock sickness rate, can improve again the economic worth of nursery stock and the survival rate of transplanted seedling tree.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is as follows:
The mating system of a kind of Fructus Staphyleae Bumaldae seeding and seedling raising, comprises the following steps:
(1) seed collecting and seed treatment:
A, seed collecting: the excellent Fructus Staphyleae Bumaldae plant of the lifes in 6～15 years that growth selection is healthy and strong, acquisition time is late September to early October, and seed is gathered when being micro-Huang, and it is standby as first order seed to choose the seed within the scope of 360g≤mass of 1000 kernel≤420g；
B, seed treatment: the certified seed chosen is sterilized 0.5h with the potassium permanganate of 5 ‰, and selects in the shade ventilation to deposit；
(2) nursery lot selects and processes:
A, ground, garden select: choose level of ground water at below 1.5m, and soil thickness is no less than the sandy loam of 50cm, PH6.5～7.5, loam or light clay loam；
B, ground, garden process: include wholely, smooth bedding and open seed furrow；
C, soil disinfection: before sowing, every 666.7m2With 50% carbendazol wettable powder 1.0kg with soil by the proportions of 1:20 good after be sprinkling upon on seedbed, to disinfecting soil；
D, basal dressing: every 666.7m2Execute the fertilizer 1500kg～2000kg through fully becoming thoroughly decomposed and calcium superphosphate 25kg～30kg；
(3) seeding and seedling raising:
A, application rate: application rate 75kg/hm2～105kg/hm2；
B, type of seeding: by mixed for seed husky uniform broadcasting in seed furrow, after planting cover lid layer 1cm～2cm thickness fine earth, water permeable, then cover lid layer straw；
(4) seedling management:
A, remove covering: when the quantity that comes up reaches 60%～70%, remove covering in time；
B, irrigation and draining: the seeding stage suitably to control to irrigate, it is ensured that ground is in moisture state；The seedling growth initial stage takes a small amount of repeatedly irrigation method；Nursery stock Fast-growing stage to take less the irrigation method of secondary volume；The seedling growth later stage controls to irrigate, and meets special arid and need to suitably pour water；
C, middle weeding；
D, topdress: early or mid June, per hectare executes carbamide 75kg～120kg；Mid-July, per hectare executes nitrogen, phosphorus compound fertilizer 150kg～225kg；August early and middle ten days, per hectare is executed containing K composite fertilizer 150kg～225kg, waters in time after fertilising；
E, thinning: during height of seedling 4cm～7cm, thinning 2 times；During height of seedling 15cm, thinning is once；
F, final singling: carry out final singling in the later stage of Seedling Stage.The strain number retained in unit are produces Seedling amount many 15%, spacing in the rows 7cm～12cm than plan, stays Seedling amount 210,000 strains/hm2～27 ten thousand strains/hm2；
(5) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: include the preventing and treating of nursery stock southern blight, nursery stock stem rot, cutworm, geometrid moth and Phytophthira；
(6) outplanting:
A, lifting period: after late October nursery stock fallen leaves to soil in winter freeze-up before or spring in next year soil be the lifting time before sprouting to Fructus Staphyleae Bumaldae bud mid-February after thawing；
B, seedling sorting and inspection；
C, seedling identification, packaging and transport；
D, heel in: after lifting, it is impossible to the nursery stock of field planting in time, the plot of not easily hydrops need to be selected to heel in, running check, it is prevented that nursery stock is air-dry, go rotten and endangered by Mus, rabbit.
Further improvement of the present invention is in that: in described step (1), " seed treatment " includes autumn sowing process and spring sowing process；It is after the seed of collection first passes through clean kind that described autumn sowing processes, and after the potassium permanganate solution disinfection 0.5h of described 5 ‰, dry place, cool place disposed within dries, in planted in fall then to land for growing field crops；It is the seed gathered autumn then in October～December that described spring sowing processes, potassium permanganate with 5 ‰ is sterilized after 0.5h, the outdoor good place of in the shade ventilating drainage is selected to dig pit, seed is put into lamination ditch and wet husky layered putting, and carry out Stratificated treatment, husky humidity should be advisable holding agglomerating not dripping, and temperature is 5～10 DEG C, and spring in next year directly takes out sowing.
Further improvement of the present invention is in that: smooth bedding in described step (2) " wholely ": furrow width 100cm, furrow height 30cm, the long 20m～30m of furrow, stays 40cm work road between furrow and furrow；Open seed furrow: longitudinally opening seed furrow by being parallel to furrow length direction, the width of ditch is 10cm～15cm, and the degree of depth is 2cm～3cm.
Further improvement of the present invention is in that: also including the sowing time in described step (3) " seeding and seedling raising ", the described sowing time is divided into autumn sowing and spring sowing；Described autumn sowing is with adopting with broadcasting, or all can sow to December then；Described spring sowing be late Febuary to early March when mean ground temperature reaches more than 5 DEG C, directly take out the seed through lamination Sand culture and sow.
Further improvement of the present invention is in that: nursery stock southern blight in described step (5) " prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control ": carry out soil disinfection before sowing, execute quick lime 750kg/hm2Or 1% copper sulfate solution 3750kg/hm2～4500kg/hm2, their early stage, waters shoot root with 500 times of liquid of 70% pentachloronitrobenzene or 1% copper sulfate solution or executes plant ash in sick Seedling surrounding soil；Nursery stock stem rot: strengthen during morbidity checking, it has been found that sick Seedling removes destruction in time, hypopathia strain excision old complaint, then water 20% lime water or 25% ferrous sulfate；Cutworm: the initial stage catches and kills in time, contains adult and sends out phase beginning, uses black light lamps adult, or with sugar 6 parts, vinegar 3 parts, Chinese liquor 1 part, 10 parts of sweet-and-sour liquid being made into of water, adds 1 part of 25% metrifonate powder, traps and kills adult；Geometrid moth: the initial stage catches and kills in time, in the larva low age stage, when worm strain rate is less than 5%, with 25% d ichlorbenzuron, 1500 times of liquid of No. 3 suspending agents, or the 1000 times of liquid sprayings of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate；Phytophthira: at aphid early period of origination, can spray 1500～2000 times of liquid of 40% omethoate emulsifiable solution or 2000～2500 times of liquid of 50% parathion cream, or 50% wards off 2000～3000 times of liquid of aphid mist wettable powder.
Further improvement of the present invention is in that: in described step (6), " seedling sorting " is that according to height and footpath, ground, nursery stock is divided into two-stage: I grade: seedling height H >=80cm, nursery stock ground footpath D >=0.7cm；II grade: seedling height 80cm >=H >=50cm, nursery stock ground footpath 0.7cm >=D >=0.5cm.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention is compared with prior art that to propose one more comprehensive, the mating system of reasonable and efficient Fructus Staphyleae Bumaldae seeding in nursery bed nursery, this kind of method solves seed in prior art, and directly to sow germination percentage low, growing way is uneven, seedling growth is slow, the problems such as planting survival rate is low, and this method has summed up seed collecting and the process that Fructus Staphyleae Bumaldae tree seedling is bred, nursery lot selects and processes, seeding and seedling raising, seedling management, main diseases and insect pests is prevented and treated, the detailed management method in outplanting each period, the nursery of this kind of Fructus Staphyleae Bumaldae is bred new method and has been accomplished the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control thoroughly, and the process relatively optimized has been done in the growth of each stage seed, make to carry out the nursery stock of sowing and breeding by this kind of method and reach high-quality strong sprout, planting survival rate is high, simultaneously, improve the economic benefit of nursery stock.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to make those of ordinary skill in the art be better understood on technical scheme, below in conjunction with embodiment, technical scheme is further described.
Embodiment one: the mating system of a kind of Fructus Staphyleae Bumaldae seeding and seedling raising, comprises the following steps:
(1) seed collecting and seed treatment:
A, seed collecting: the excellent Fructus Staphyleae Bumaldae plant of the lifes in 6～15 years that growth selection is healthy and strong, acquisition time is late September to early October, seed is gathered when being micro-Huang, and it is standby as first order seed to choose the seed within the scope of 360g≤mass of 1000 kernel≤420g, seed yellow or faint yellow, first order seed is glossy, full, embryo and endosperm are milky；
B, seed treatment: adopt autumn sowing to process, it is after the seed of collection first passes through clean kind that described autumn sowing processes, and removes substantially shrivelled seed, then with after the potassium permanganate solution disinfection 0.5h of 5 ‰, dry place, cool place disposed within dries, in planted in fall then to land for growing field crops；
(2) nursery lot selects and processes:
A, ground, garden select: selecting to have a good transport service, physical features is smooth, and draining is good, and level of ground water is at below 1.5m, and soil thickness is no less than the sandy loam of 50cm, PH6.5～7.5, loam or light clay loam, the plot in non-hazardous sexually transmitted disease (STD) worm source；Non-second crop soil；
B, ground, garden process: include wholely, smooth bedding and open seed furrow, wholely: can carry out at spring and autumn, plough in the spring and carry out immediately after nursery defrosting in early spring, including turning over, rake the soil level, smooth, suppression, accomplish deep ploughing carefully whole, remove grass roots, stone, grading broken, pour water subsequently, until water ooze lower after the thin rake of deep ploughing；Smooth bedding: furrow width 100cm, furrow height 30cm, the long 20m～30m of furrow, stays 40cm work road between furrow and furrow；Open seed furrow: longitudinally opening seed furrow by being parallel to furrow length direction, the width of ditch is 10cm～15cm, and the degree of depth is 2cm～3cm；
C, soil disinfection: before sowing, every 666.7m2With 50% carbendazol wettable powder 1.0kg with soil by the proportions of 1:20 good after be sprinkling upon on seedbed, to disinfecting soil；
D, basal dressing: every 666.7m2Execute the fertilizer 1500kg～2000kg through fully becoming thoroughly decomposed and calcium superphosphate 25kg～30kg；
(3) seeding and seedling raising:
A, application rate: go out the quantitative index of the qualified Seedling in garden by unit are, thousand grain weigth, cleanliness, germination percentage are determined, application rate 75kg/hm2～105kg/hm2；
B, type of seeding: sowing time employing is sowed in the fall, described autumn sowing is with adopting with broadcasting, or all can sow to December then；By mixed for seed husky uniform broadcasting in seed furrow, after planting cover lid layer 1cm～2cm thickness fine earth, water permeable, then cover lid layer straw；
(4) seedling management:
A, remove covering: when the quantity that comes up reaches 60%～70%, remove covering in time；
B, irrigation and draining: the seeding stage suitably to control to irrigate, it is ensured that ground is in moisture state；The seedling growth initial stage takes a small amount of repeatedly irrigation method；Nursery stock Fast-growing stage to take less the irrigation method of secondary volume；The seedling growth later stage controls to irrigate, and meets special arid and need to suitably pour water；
C, middle weeding: according to soil compaction degree, weed growth situation middle weeding in time.Weeding and combination of loosening the soil carry out, and in row, pine soil depth to be shallower than thickness of earth covering, in the ranks loosens the soil and can suitably deepen；
D, topdress: early or mid June, per hectare executes carbamide 75kg～120kg；Mid-July, per hectare executes nitrogen, phosphorus compound fertilizer 150kg～225kg；August early and middle ten days, per hectare is executed containing K composite fertilizer 150kg～225kg, waters in time after fertilising；
E, thinning: during height of seedling 4cm～7cm, thinning 2 times；During height of seedling 15cm, thinning is once；
F, final singling: carry out final singling in the later stage of Seedling Stage.The strain number retained in unit are produces Seedling amount many 15%, spacing in the rows 7cm～12cm than plan, stays Seedling amount 210,000 strains/hm2～27 ten thousand strains/hm2；
(5) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: include the preventing and treating of nursery stock southern blight, nursery stock stem rot, cutworm, geometrid moth and Phytophthira；Nursery stock southern blight: carry out soil disinfection before sowing, execute quick lime 750kg/hm2Or 1% copper sulfate solution 3750kg/hm2～4500kg/hm2, notice that weeds are eliminated in draining, promote that seedling growth is vigorous that their early stage waters shoot root with 500 times of liquid of 70% pentachloronitrobenzene or 1% copper sulfate solution or executes plant ash in sick Seedling surrounding soil, excavating disease Seedling and neighbouring sick soil, use lime disinfection；Nursery stock stem rot: select the local nursery that draining is good, soil layer is loose, nursery lot shades, covers grass, forest land catch cropping, reduce nursery bed temperature and prevent calcination, pour water during high temperature and drought, strengthen during morbidity checking, find that sick Seedling removes destruction in time, hypopathia strain excision old complaint, then water 20% lime water or 25% ferrous sulfate；Cutworm: remove the weeds of ground, garden and periphery thereof in time, it has been found that incise on tender leaf should mend in time with hole and kill；Check early morning and find that fresh disconnected Seedling can be pushed table soil near disconnected Seedling aside and catch and kill, contain adult and send out phase beginning, use black light lamps adult, or with sugar 6 parts, vinegar 3 parts, Chinese liquor 1 part, 10 parts of sweet-and-sour liquid being made into of water, add 1 part of 25% metrifonate powder, trap and kill adult；Geometrid moth: should foster in time, reasonable intermediate cutting, remove brood tree, backlog in time, larva has sagging and frightened born habit of weaving silk, larva can be shaken off laggard catching and killing, in the larva low age stage, when worm strain rate is less than 5%, with 25% d ichlorbenzuron, 1500 times of liquid of No. 3 suspending agents, or the 1000 times of liquid sprayings of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate；Phytophthira: protect and utilize natural enemy; as utilized the predation such as coccinella septempunctata, food aphid, at aphid early period of origination, 1500～2000 times of liquid of 40% omethoate emulsifiable solution can be sprayed; or 2000～2500 times of liquid of 50% parathion cream, or 50% ward off 2000～3000 times of liquid of aphid mist wettable powder；
(6) outplanting:
A, lifting period: after late October nursery stock fallen leaves to soil in winter freeze-up before or spring in next year soil be the lifting time before sprouting to Fructus Staphyleae Bumaldae bud mid-February after thawing；
B, seedling sorting and inspection: after lifting, select Seedling covering shady calm place immediately, reject underproof nursery stock, and carry out seedling sorting and add up the yield of qualified nursery stock, nursery stock is divided into two-stage according to height and footpath, ground: I grade: seedling height H >=80cm, nursery stock ground footpath D >=0.7cm；II grade: seedling height 80cm >=H >=50cm, nursery stock ground footpath 0.7cm >=D >=0.5cm, after lifting, seedling quality detection to carry out in a Seedling is criticized, and adopts random sampling method to test, and sampling method performs according to GB6000；
C, seedling identification, packaging and transport: should have clear mark during outplanting, have in mark: nursery stock classification, seeds title, seedling age, quantity, production unit, production site, date of manufacture etc.；According to nursery stock kind, size and transportation range, take corresponding packing method.The label of dated nursery stock kind, seedling age, grade, quantity it is accompanied by the obvious place of packaging；After seedling packing, transport in time, way in note ventilate, it is prevented that nursery stock heating and air-dry, sprinkle water if desired；
D, heel in: after lifting, it is impossible to the nursery stock of field planting in time, the plot of not easily hydrops need to be selected to heel in, running check, specifically can be examined in for 2-3 days, it is prevented that nursery stock is air-dry, go rotten and endangered by Mus, rabbit.
Embodiment two:
With embodiment one the difference is that:
Step (1) " seed treatment " adopt spring sowing process, it is the seed gathered autumn then in October～December that described spring sowing processes, potassium permanganate with 5 ‰ is sterilized after 0.5h, the outdoor good place of in the shade ventilating drainage is selected to dig pit, seed being put into lamination ditch and wet husky layered putting, and carries out Stratificated treatment, husky humidity should be advisable holding agglomerating not dripping, temperature is 5～10 DEG C, and spring in next year directly takes out sowing.
Step (3) " seeding and seedling raising " adopts and sows in spring, spring sowing be late Febuary to early March when mean ground temperature reaches more than 5 DEG C, directly take out the seed through lamination Sand culture and sow.
The inventive method is that the seed to Fructus Staphyleae Bumaldae processes and adopts the mode of land for growing field crops seeding in nursery bed nursery to breed Fructus Staphyleae Bumaldae seedling in a large number, and by systematically collecting seed and seed treatment, nursery lot selects and processes, seeding and seedling raising, seedling management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, the method such as outplanting.The method techniqueflow is easy, and the masses are easier to grasp, and economic suitable row, is conducive to spread again, meanwhile, can go out Fructus Staphyleae Bumaldae high-quality strong sprout by large scale cultivating by the method, reduce nursery stock sickness rate, can improve again the economic worth of nursery stock and the survival rate of transplanted seedling tree.

Claims (6)

1. the mating system of a Fructus Staphyleae Bumaldae seeding and seedling raising, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) seed collecting and seed treatment:
A, seed collecting: the excellent Fructus Staphyleae Bumaldae plant of the lifes in 6～15 years that growth selection is healthy and strong, acquisition time is late September to early October, and seed is gathered when being micro-Huang, and it is standby as first order seed to choose the seed within the scope of 360g≤mass of 1000 kernel≤420g；
B, seed treatment: the certified seed chosen is sterilized with the potassium permanganate of 5 ‰ after 0.5h, and selects in the shade ventilation to deposit；
(2) nursery lot selects and processes:
A, ground, garden select: choose level of ground water at below 1.5m, and soil thickness is no less than the sandy loam of 50cm, PH6.5～7.5, loam or light clay loam；
B, ground, garden process: include wholely, smooth bedding and open seed furrow；
C, soil disinfection: before sowing, every 666.7m2With 50% carbendazol wettable powder 1.0kg with soil by the proportions of 1:20 good after be sprinkling upon on seedbed, to disinfecting soil；
D, basal dressing: every 666.7m2Execute the fertilizer 1500kg～2000kg through fully becoming thoroughly decomposed and calcium superphosphate 25kg～30kg；
(3) seeding and seedling raising:
A, application rate: application rate 75kg/hm2～105kg/hm2；
B, type of seeding: by mixed for seed husky uniform broadcasting in seed furrow, after planting cover lid layer 1cm～2cm thickness fine earth, water permeable, then cover lid layer straw；
(4) seedling management:
A, remove covering: when the quantity that comes up reaches 60%～70%, remove covering in time；
B, irrigation and draining: the seeding stage suitably to control to irrigate, it is ensured that ground is in moisture state；The seedling growth initial stage takes a small amount of repeatedly irrigation method；Nursery stock Fast-growing stage to take less the irrigation method of secondary volume；The seedling growth later stage controls to irrigate, and meets special arid and need to suitably pour water；
C, middle weeding；
D, topdress: early or mid June, per hectare executes carbamide 75kg～120kg；Mid-July, per hectare executes nitrogen, phosphorus compound fertilizer 150kg～225kg；August early and middle ten days, per hectare is executed containing K composite fertilizer 150kg～225kg, waters in time after fertilising；
E, thinning: during height of seedling 4cm～7cm, thinning 2 times；During height of seedling 15cm, thinning is once；
F, final singling: carry out final singling in the later stage of Seedling Stage；The strain number retained in unit are produces Seedling amount many 15%, spacing in the rows 7cm～12cm than plan, stays Seedling amount 210,000 strains/hm2～27 ten thousand strains/hm2；
(5) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: include the preventing and treating of nursery stock southern blight, nursery stock stem rot, cutworm, geometrid moth and Phytophthira；
(6) outplanting:
A, lifting period: after late October nursery stock fallen leaves to soil in winter freeze-up before or spring in next year soil be the lifting time before sprouting to Fructus Staphyleae Bumaldae bud mid-February after thawing；
B, seedling sorting and inspection；
C, seedling identification, packaging and transport；
D, heel in: after lifting, it is impossible to the nursery stock of field planting in time, the plot of not easily hydrops need to be selected to heel in, running check, it is prevented that nursery stock is air-dry, go rotten and endangered by Mus, rabbit.
2. the mating system of a kind of Fructus Staphyleae Bumaldae seeding and seedling raising according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in described step (1), " seed treatment " includes autumn sowing process and spring sowing process；It is after the seed of collection first passes through clean kind that described autumn sowing processes, and after the potassium permanganate solution disinfection 0.5h of described 5 ‰, dry place, cool place disposed within dries, in planted in fall then to land for growing field crops；It is the seed gathered autumn then in October～December that described spring sowing processes, potassium permanganate with 5 ‰ is sterilized after 0.5h, the outdoor good place of in the shade ventilating drainage is selected to dig pit, seed is put into lamination ditch and wet husky layered putting, and carry out Stratificated treatment, husky humidity should be advisable holding agglomerating not dripping, and temperature is 5～10 DEG C, and spring in next year directly takes out sowing.
3. the mating system of a kind of Fructus Staphyleae Bumaldae seeding and seedling raising according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: smooth bedding in described step (2) " wholely ": furrow width 100cm, furrow height 30cm, the long 20m～30m of furrow, stay 40cm work road between furrow and furrow；Open seed furrow: longitudinally opening seed furrow by being parallel to furrow length direction, the width of ditch is 10cm～15cm, and the degree of depth is 2cm～3cm.
4. the mating system of a kind of Fructus Staphyleae Bumaldae seeding and seedling raising according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: also including the sowing time in described step (3) " seeding and seedling raising ", the described sowing time is divided into autumn sowing and spring sowing；Described autumn sowing is with adopting with broadcasting, or all can sow to December then；Described spring sowing be late Febuary to early March when mean ground temperature reaches more than 5 DEG C, directly take out the seed through lamination Sand culture and sow.
5. the mating system of a kind of Fructus Staphyleae Bumaldae seeding and seedling raising according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: nursery stock southern blight in described step (5) " prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control ": carry out soil disinfection before sowing, execute quick lime 750kg/hm2Or 1% copper sulfate solution 3750kg/hm2～4500kg/hm2, their early stage, waters shoot root with 500 times of liquid of 70% pentachloronitrobenzene or 1% copper sulfate solution or executes plant ash in sick Seedling surrounding soil；Nursery stock stem rot: strengthen during morbidity checking, it has been found that sick Seedling removes destruction in time, hypopathia strain excision old complaint, then water 20% lime water or 25% ferrous sulfate；Cutworm: the initial stage catches and kills in time, contains adult and sends out phase beginning, uses black light lamps adult, or with sugar 6 parts, vinegar 3 parts, Chinese liquor 1 part, 10 parts of sweet-and-sour liquid being made into of water, adds 1 part of 25% metrifonate powder, traps and kills adult；Geometrid moth: the initial stage catches and kills in time, in the larva low age stage, when worm strain rate is less than 5%, with 25% d ichlorbenzuron, 1500 times of liquid of No. 3 suspending agents, or the 1000 times of liquid sprayings of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate；Phytophthira: at aphid early period of origination, can spray 1500～2000 times of liquid of 40% omethoate emulsifiable solution or 2000～2500 times of liquid of 50% parathion cream, or 50% wards off 2000～3000 times of liquid of aphid mist wettable powder.
6. the mating system of a kind of Fructus Staphyleae Bumaldae seeding and seedling raising according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in described step (6), " seedling sorting " is that according to height and footpath, ground, nursery stock is divided into two-stage: I grade: seedling height H >=80cm, nursery stock ground footpath D >=0.7cm；II grade: seedling height 80cm >=H >=50cm, nursery stock ground footpath 0.7cm >=D >=0.5cm.
CN201610098059.8A 2016-02-23 2016-02-23 Breeding method for conducting sowing and seedling raising on staphylea colchica Pending CN105706693A (en)

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