CN105706678B - A method of river levee soil erosion is prevented and treated using paspalum notatum - Google Patents
A method of river levee soil erosion is prevented and treated using paspalum notatum Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105706678B CN105706678B CN201610046241.9A CN201610046241A CN105706678B CN 105706678 B CN105706678 B CN 105706678B CN 201610046241 A CN201610046241 A CN 201610046241A CN 105706678 B CN105706678 B CN 105706678B
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- grass
- paspalum notatum
- soil
- river levee
- fertilizer
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
Abstract
The present invention relates to conservation technology fields, more particularly to a kind of method using paspalum notatum prevention and treatment river levee soil erosion, this method can effectively cover the exposed earth's surface of river levee slope surface using paspalum notatum lawn come slope protection, specifically used rye grass and paspalum notatum mixed seeding in a short time, and establishment speed is fast；There is paspalum notatum stronger solid soil to protect native ability, drought-resistant, barren-resistant, few to fertilizer expense, environmental-friendly；Paspalum notatum seed sowing floor space is used cooperatively closure herbicide and lawn herbicides special, and floor space and maintenance cost are low, and landscape effect is good；Paspalum notatum fast growing, grass yield is high, full of nutrition, can carry and slightly herd, have both environmental benefit and economic benefit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to conservation technology fields, and in particular to a kind of side using paspalum notatum prevention and treatment river levee soil erosion
Method.
Background technique
River levee side slope topsoil is mostly based on sand and silt, Yi Fasheng shallow failure and surface erosion.To protect river levee,
Such case is avoided, the past also takes the measures such as heap building block stone, mortar flag stone, although can be effectively by river levee slope
Face is separated with rainwash, prevents rainwash water to the erosion of slope surface but does not have environment protecting, and landscape effect is poor.
Gradually attention with people to ecological environment, slope vegetation protection technology are gradually praised highly.Slope vegetation protection passes through vegetation
The mechanics effect (deep root anchoring and shallow root reinforcement) and hydrologic effect (reduce pore pressure, reducing erosion and control runoff) of root system is consolidated
Native soil conservation prevents erosion, and takes into account Landscape benefit while meeting ecological environment and needing.It, can using turfgrass come slope protection
Reach 100% covering, effectively prevents soil erosion.Paspalum notatum, belongs to grass family Paspalum, and perennial type draft of crawling originates in
Latin America is a kind of good grass seed to conserve water and soil, is had the advantage that 1. drought-resistant, barren: severe water and soil erosion,
It is planted on the hills barren hill that almost not even a blade of grass grows, remains to grow vigorous, holding Green stage in Summer Drought；2. resistance to water logging: irrigation canals and ditches, dike
The paspalum notatum in the regions such as bank, lakeside continuous 15 days is flooded, and survival rate still has 93%；3. low temperature resistant: stolon at -13 DEG C still
Energy safe overwintering, the rudiment of spring in next year；4. wide adaptability: can plant in deserted mountain barren hill, waterside roadside, sparse hayashishita etc., fit extensively
Suitable soil pH value is 5.5~7.9；5. illumination requires not strong: the growth of 40% or more luminosity is preferred, and being down to 20% can also grow；
6. resistance to trample: strong stolon power of regeneration is strong, is resistant to trample on.
In view of above-mentioned advantage, regional representation is adaptable in south China for paspalum notatum, is widely used in water and soil conservation neck
Domain, but be applied to, there are still following deficiencies: 1. establishment speed is slow: speed of germination is slow, is difficult to cover open ground in the short time
Table realizes fast greening slope protection；2. weeds are serious: because weed seed is more in river levee Soil Slope, the germination of paspalum notatum in addition
Speed is slow, and level ground bed is easily occupied by weeds, influences floor space effect；Meanwhile Special purpose lawn herbicide lacks, later period weeding is difficult, shadow
Landscape effect is rung, weeding relies primarily on manually, and maintenance cost is high；3. emergence is uneven, landscape effect is poor.4. culturing and transplanting seedlings cost
Height is promoted limited.Therefore, a kind of plantation of quick, the efficient covering exposed earth's surface of river levee of directly sowing paspalum notatum grass seeds is needed
Method.
Summary of the invention
For many shortcomings of the existing technology, river levee water and soil is prevented and treated using paspalum notatum the present invention provides a kind of
The method of loss, for this method using paspalum notatum lawn come slope protection, specifically used rye grass and paspalum notatum mixed seeding can be in short-term
The exposed earth's surface of interior effective covering river levee slope surface, establishment speed are fast；There is paspalum notatum stronger solid soil to protect native ability, drought-resistant,
It is barren-resistant, it is few to fertilizer expense, it is environmental-friendly；Paspalum notatum seed sowing floor space is used cooperatively closure herbicide and lawn
Herbicides special, floor space and maintenance cost are low, and landscape effect is good；Paspalum notatum fast growing, grass yield is high, full of nutrition, can hold
Load is slightly herded, and environmental benefit and economic benefit are had both.
The specific technical solution of the present invention is:
A method of river levee soil erosion is prevented and treated using paspalum notatum, it is characterised in that: specific step is as follows:
1. river levee arranges
River levee slope surface is modified, the sundries equating slope surface in 0~30cm soil is rejected, water blocking stone is arranged in top of the slope road surface two sides；
2. weed control
Closure herbicide is sprayed before sowing, to kill the weeds sprouted, the closure herbicide is selected from Acetochlor
Or butachlor；
3. rational application of fertilizers
Rational application of fertilizers, N:P:K=1:2:2, wherein nitrogenous fertilizer selects urea, and dosage is 4~6g/m2；Phosphate fertilizer is selected effective
The calcium superphosphate that phosphorus content is 18%, dosage are 8~12g/m2；It is 51% potassium sulfate that potash fertilizer, which selects effective potassium content,
Dosage is 8~12g/m2；Fertilizer is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in earth's surface；
4. grass seeds is arranged in pairs or groups
Annual ryegrass and paspalum notatum grass seeds is selected to mix according to weight ratio 1:4；
5. sowing
It is deep with rake along the light an animal-drawn seed plough topsoil of slope surface vertical direction after weed control sprays closure herbicide 50~60 days
Degree forms shallow traverse furrow in 8~10cm；By grass seed mix by the way of manually spreading fertilizer over the fields uniform broadcasting in level ground bed, application rate be 20~
30g/m2；
6. cultivation management
Seedling stage reinforces water management；Drought resisting exercise is carried out after emergence；Covering is removed in due course, cuts grass；It sprays as needed
Herbicides special prevents and kill off broadleaf weeds.
Specifically technical solution is:
1. river levee arranges
Modify river levee slope surface, because paspalum notatum root system concentrates on 0~30cm soil layer, therefore need to by 0~30cm soil rubble,
The sundries such as brick are rejected, in order to avoid influence root growth；Then according to slope surface overall state equating slope surface, make entire slope surface keep compared with
Good streamline, to reach best landscape effect；Especially the large clod in 0~10cm soil layer is broken into pieces, make soil block partial size≤
1cm, the Phase ofsprouting to ensure paspalum notatum are best；Water blocking stone is set in top of the slope road surface two sides, to avoid top of the slope runoff to slope
The erosion in face.
2. weed control
By level ground bed first irrigate or rain after spray closure herbicide；Closure herbicide selects Acetochlor, butachlor
Deng the preemergence herbicide of prevention and treatment gramineae weed；It is sprayed using retrusive, in order to avoid destroying the medicine film formed in soil, is sprouted to weeds
When hair, this medicine film is touched, weeds can be killed；Sowed again after 50~60 days after spray, so as not to paspalum notatum and
Rye grass generates phytotoxicity.
3. rational application of fertilizers
According to soil nutrient status and Turfgrass Growth needs, nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio is determined, carry out rational application of fertilizers, N:P:K=
1:2:2；Nitrogenous fertilizer selects urea, and nitrogen content is high, and physical behavior is good, without side-effects, and dosage is 4~6g/m2；Phosphate fertilizer is selected effective
The calcium superphosphate that phosphorus content is 18%, fertilizer efficiency are stablized, and dosage is 8~12g/m2；It is 51% sulphur that potash fertilizer, which selects effective potassium content,
Sour potassium, it is prevented from caking, it is easy to use, dosage is 8~12g/m2；Fertilizer is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in earth's surface, is hugged with rake into soil,
Depth is in 8~10cm；
Based on the above technical solution, inventor further optimizes it, the best rate of fertilizer of acquisition
Are as follows: urea 5g/m2；The calcium superphosphate 10g/m that available phosphorus content is 18%2；The potassium sulfate 10g/m that effective potassium content is 51%2。
This fertilizer prescription is the best fertilizer that the present inventor sows selection for rye grass and paspalum notatum collocation
The dosage of phosphorus potash fertilizer has slightly been turned up wherein reducing nitrogen fertilizer amount in usage ratio, can rise for grass seeds sowing ratio of the invention
To optimal effect.
4. grass seeds is arranged in pairs or groups
Because the speed of germination of paspalum notatum is slower, could emerge within general 10~15 days or so, be difficult to obtain in a short time compared with
Good appreciation effect, therefore using annual ryegrass as pioneer grass species, and paspalum notatum mixed seeding, rye grass 5~7 days
Emergence, can meet the needs of quick floor space, be based on this, we select purity and cleanliness is 98%, and bud rate is 1 year of 85%
Raw rye grass grass seeds and purity and cleanliness are 98%, and the imported from America paspalum notatum that bud rate is 95% is mixed according to 1:4, are taken
With use.
After in this way, rye grass can greatly improve raising establishment speed as pioneer grass species, solve hundred happinesses
Grass germination causes establishment speed slow slowly, it is difficult to practical problem, and after sowing 1 year, rye grass is voluntarily dead, hundred happinesses
Grass Cheng Ping at this time.
5. sowing
Sowing time southern area is advisable with 3~June, and northern area is advisable with 4~June, temperature to be averaged reach 15 DEG C with
It can be sowed when upper；With rake along the light an animal-drawn seed plough topsoil of slope surface vertical direction, shallow traverse furrow is formed；Grass seed mix is used and is manually spread fertilizer over the fields
Mode uniform broadcasting in level ground bed, application rate be 20~30g/m2；When slope surface area is larger, several cells need to be divided into, it is small
Area's area is with 40~50m2It is advisable, calculates cell grass seeds dosage according to application rate, sowed using two-way S-shaped, guarantees that sowing is equal
It is even；Then come into full contact with grass seeds with soil along the light an animal-drawn seed plough of slope surface vertical direction with rake；Finally covered with non-woven fabrics or woven straw
Lid, on the one hand water conservation heats, and on the other hand reduces runoff；Intermittent water spray is used with micro-nozzle, to moisten 0~5cm topsoil,
It avoids generation rainwash from washing away seed, influences Phase ofsprouting.
Based on the above technical solution, inventor further optimizes it, and the best application rate of acquisition is
25g/m2。
6. cultivation management
Seedling stage keeps topsoil wet, until emergence；Irrigation frequency is reduced after emergence, drought resisting exercise is carried out, in favor of root
It is vertical-growth, improves drought resistance；When emergence rate reaches 80%, covering is gently removed；When natural plant height reaches 8cm, carry out
Grass is cut for the first time, is carried out according to 1/3 principle, in favor of the tiller of turfgrass；According to weeds situation, spray broadleaf weeds prevent and kill off it is dedicated
Herbicide selects mcpa sodium and 2,4-D sodium salt, and dosage is mcpa sodium 2g, 2,4-D sodium salt 3g, water mixing per acre
30kg is sprayed, and spraying effect is more preferably again after 5 days at interval；Other way to manages routinely carry out.
Technical solution of the present invention has following advantages and good effect compared with prior art:
1. quick ecological slope protection: annual ryegrass solves current river with paspalum notatum mixed seeding as pioneer grass species
The slow problem of establishment speed, can promote landscape effect in a short time in the slope protection of dike lawn；
2. landscape effect is good: the reliable seminal propagation of paspalum notatum, lawn homogeneity are good；Meanwhile using spraying closing herbicide,
Herbicides special is prevented and kill off in conjunction with broadleaf weeds is sprayed, effectively prevents weeds, landscape effect is good；
3. solid-holding capacity is strong: paspalum notatum well developed root system, root biomass is big, and solid-holding capacity is better than Bermuda grass, Festuca Arundinacea, precocity
The turfgrass such as standing grain, rye grass；
4. floor space is at low cost: the 1/2, the 1/7 of Korea lawn grass price of the price deficiency Bermuda grass price of paspalum notatum, Jianping cost
It is low；Using seed sowing technology, compared with seedling-raising technique, cost is significantly reduced；
5. maintenance cost is low: paspalum notatum strong drought resistance, barren-resistant, resistance to water logging is low to intensity of illumination requirement, and the later period is without spy
Different management, maintenance cost are low；
6. environmental-friendly: it is low to fertilizer demand amount because its is barren-resistant, the energy consumption of fertilizer production is reduced, it is environmental-friendly；
7. economic value is high: paspalum notatum growth is fast, grass yield is high, full of nutrition, can carry out conservative grazing, be conducive to animal husbandry
Production.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
Enforcement place: the Qingdao of Shandong province Huangdao District town Lang Ya
River levee slope surface is slightly modified with excavator first, clears up the sundries such as rubble, brick, the branch in 0~30cm soil layer, with
Region is operation cell between two pavements, is integrally raked, and modifies slope surface, is then manually carefully modified, break surface layer large clod into pieces, really
Soil conservation block partial size≤1cm.Repair top of the slope water blocking stone seam crossing, it is ensured that not to slope surface flowing water.It is sprayed after light rain using pesticide vehicle
Acetochlor, spraying concentration are acetochlor ec 150ml/ mus, and retrusive sprays, and is sowed after 65 days after spray.
When sowing, according to: urea 5g/m2；The calcium superphosphate 10g/m that available phosphorus content is 18%2；Effective potassium content is
51% potassium sulfate 10g/m2Dosage fertilizer is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in level ground bed, then with rake along slope surface vertical direction depth an animal-drawn seed plough, shape
At traverse furrow.It is 40m that slope surface, which is divided into area,2Several cells (slope is 4 meters wide, 10 meters of length of grade), according to 25g/m2Application rate weighs
The grass seed mix of 1kg paspalum notatum and annual ryegrass (mass ratio 4:1), according to two-way S type route uniform broadcasting；Then with rake
Son comes into full contact with grass seeds with soil along the light an animal-drawn seed plough of slope surface vertical direction；Finally use non-textile mulch；With micro-nozzle using intermittent
(period is 2 minutes, and water spraying time is 3 minutes) water spray does not generate rainwash until being sufficiently humidified so as to 0~5cm topsoil.It broadcasts
First 5 days after kind, early, middle and late each water spray 1 time；5th to 15 day, each water spray was primary sooner or later；15th to 25 day, water spray 1 time daily；
Irrigation frequency is gradually reduced later, when emergence rate reaches 80%, gently removes covering；When height of seedling reaches 8cm, the is carried out
Grass once is cut, is carried out according to 1/3 principle；Spray mcpa sodium and 2,4-D sodium salt within 25th day, dosage is dimethyl tetrachloride per acre
Sodium salt 2g, 2,4-D sodium salt 3g, water mixing 30kg are sprayed, and interval sprays again after 5 days；Other way to manages routinely carry out.
Effect assessment: sowing starts to emerge on the 4th day, there is within the 10th day a preferable landscape effect, at 20 days, covered ground rate
Reach 60% or more, it 30 days can Cheng Ping；Whole weeds are few, and only a small amount of broadleaf weeds exists, and it is special to spray lawn for the first time
With starting to wilt after herbicide, weeds are dead after spraying for the second time 5 days, and paspalum notatum and rye grass are uninfluenced, lawn scenery effect
Fruit is good.
Embodiment 2:
Enforcement place: the Qingdao of Shandong province Huangdao District town Lang Ya
Excavator slightly modifies river levee slope surface first, the sundries such as rubble, brick, the branch in 0~30cm soil layer is cleared up, with two
Region is operation cell between pavement, is integrally raked, and modifies slope surface, is then manually carefully modified, break surface layer large clod into pieces, make soil
Block partial size≤1cm.Repair top of the slope water blocking stone seam crossing, it is ensured that not to slope surface flowing water.Second grass is sprayed using pesticide vehicle after light rain
Amine, spraying concentration are acetochlor ec 150ml/ mus, and retrusive sprays, and is sowed after 65 days after spray.
When sowing, according to: urea 6g/m2；The calcium superphosphate 12g/m that available phosphorus content is 18%2；Effective potassium content is
51% potassium sulfate 10g/m2Dosage fertilizer is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in level ground bed, then with rake along slope surface vertical direction depth an animal-drawn seed plough, shape
At traverse furrow.It is 40m that slope surface, which is divided into area,2Several cells (slope is 4 meters wide, 10 meters of length of grade), according to 20g/m2Application rate weighs
The grass seed mix of 0.8kg paspalum notatum and annual ryegrass (4:1), according to two-way S type route uniform broadcasting；Then rake edge is used
The light an animal-drawn seed plough of slope surface vertical direction, comes into full contact with grass seeds with soil；Finally use non-textile mulch；With micro-nozzle using intermittent (week
Phase is 2 minutes, and water spraying time is 3 minutes) it sprays water, until being sufficiently humidified so as to 0~5cm topsoil, rainwash is not generated.After planting
First 5 days, early, middle and late each water spray 1 time；5th to 15 day, each water spray was primary sooner or later；15th to 25 day, water spray 1 time daily；Later
Irrigation frequency is gradually reduced, when emergence rate reaches 80%, gently removes covering；When height of seedling reaches 8cm, carry out for the first time
Grass is cut, is carried out according to 1/3 principle；Other way to manages routinely carry out.
Effect assessment: sowing starts to emerge on the 4th day, there is within the 10th day a preferable landscape effect, at 20 days, covered ground rate
Reach 50% or more, reach within 45 days level ground, lawn scenery effect is good.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of method using paspalum notatum prevention and treatment river levee soil erosion, it is characterised in that: specific step is as follows:
1. river levee arranges
River levee slope surface is modified, the sundries equating slope surface in 0 ~ 30cm soil is rejected, water blocking stone is arranged in top of the slope road surface two sides；
2. weed control
Closure herbicide is sprayed before sowing, to kill the weeds sprouted, the closure herbicide is selected from Acetochlor or fourth
Careless amine；
3. rational application of fertilizers
Rational application of fertilizers, N:P:K=1:2:2, wherein nitrogenous fertilizer selects urea, and dosage is 4 ~ 6g/m2；Phosphate fertilizer select available phosphorus content be
18% calcium superphosphate, dosage are 8 ~ 12g/m2；It is 51% potassium sulfate that potash fertilizer, which selects effective potassium content, and dosage is 8 ~ 12g/
m2；Fertilizer is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in earth's surface；
4. grass seeds is arranged in pairs or groups
Annual ryegrass and paspalum notatum grass seeds is selected to mix according to weight ratio 1:4；
5. sowing
After weed control sprays closure herbicide 50 ~ 60 days, with rake along the light an animal-drawn seed plough topsoil of slope surface vertical direction, depth 8 ~
10cm forms shallow traverse furrow；By grass seed mix, in level ground bed, application rate is 20 ~ 30g/m for uniform broadcasting by the way of manually spreading fertilizer over the fields2；
6. cultivation management
Seedling stage reinforces water management；Drought resisting exercise is carried out after emergence；Covering is removed in due course, cuts grass；It sprays as needed specially
Broadleaf weeds is prevented and kill off with herbicide；The paspalum notatum selection purity and cleanliness are 98%, the imported from America grass that bud rate is 95%
Kind；Rye grass selects purity and cleanliness equal 98%, the annual ryegrass grass seeds that bud rate is 85%；Grass seeds application rate is 25g/m2；
Soil block partial size≤1cm in soil after finishing river levee slope surface；
Step 5. sow in sowing time southern area be 3 ~ June, northern area is 4 ~ June, and temperature to be averaged reaches 15 DEG C or more
When can sow；When slope surface area is larger, several cells need to be divided into, plot area is with 40 ~ 50m2It is advisable, according to sowing meter
Cell grass seeds dosage is calculated, it is uniform to ensure to sow；Then connect grass seeds sufficiently with soil along the light an animal-drawn seed plough of slope surface vertical direction with rake
Touching；Finally covered with non-woven fabrics or woven straw；Intermittent water spray is used with micro-nozzle, to moisten 0 ~ 5cm topsoil, and is not generated
Rainwash；
Seedling stage keeps topsoil wet, until emergence；Irrigation frequency is reduced after emergence, in favor of root system vertical-growth, is improved anti-
Drought；When emergence rate reaches 80%, covering is gently removed；When natural plant height reaches 8cm, progress cuts grass for the first time, according to 1/3 original
Then carry out；Broadleaf weeds prevents and kill off herbicides special and selects mcpa sodium and 2,4-D sodium salt, and dosage is dimethyl tetrachloride sodium per acre
Salt 2g, 2,4-D sodium salt 3g, water mixing 30kg are sprayed, and interval sprays again after 5 days；Other way to manages routinely carry out.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610046241.9A CN105706678B (en) | 2016-01-24 | 2016-01-24 | A method of river levee soil erosion is prevented and treated using paspalum notatum |
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| CN201610046241.9A CN105706678B (en) | 2016-01-24 | 2016-01-24 | A method of river levee soil erosion is prevented and treated using paspalum notatum |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1356021A (en) * | 2002-01-04 | 2002-07-03 | 曾昭安 | Method for planting lawnon slope of highway in south China |
| CN105123248A (en) * | 2015-09-28 | 2015-12-09 | 谢庭生 | Method for retaining soil nutrients by constructing composite grass strips in red soil slope field |
| CN105230274A (en) * | 2015-09-29 | 2016-01-13 | 谢庭生 | Method for planting herbages on granite red earth slopes |
-
2016
- 2016-01-24 CN CN201610046241.9A patent/CN105706678B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1356021A (en) * | 2002-01-04 | 2002-07-03 | 曾昭安 | Method for planting lawnon slope of highway in south China |
| CN105123248A (en) * | 2015-09-28 | 2015-12-09 | 谢庭生 | Method for retaining soil nutrients by constructing composite grass strips in red soil slope field |
| CN105230274A (en) * | 2015-09-29 | 2016-01-13 | 谢庭生 | Method for planting herbages on granite red earth slopes |
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| Title |
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| 水库堤坝护坡草坪直播建植技术措施;李霞 等;《广东农业科学》;20091231(第2期);第100页第1栏第1段-第101页第2栏第4.4节 |
| 生态节约型草坪百喜草应用技术研究;储国良 等;《江苏农业科学》;20111231;第39卷(第6期);第292-294页 |
| 百喜草治理水土流失及改善生态的研究与应用;廖绵清 等;《农业工程学报》;20031130;第19卷(第S1期);第156-158页 |
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