CN105689002B - 负载型钨镓多金属氧酸盐催化剂及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
负载型钨镓多金属氧酸盐催化剂及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
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- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000006735 epoxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- WYTZZXDRDKSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCN WYTZZXDRDKSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 9
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- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种负载型钨镓多金属氧酸盐催化剂及其制备方法与应用。本发明通过在孔径为纳米级的多孔二氧化硅表面接枝氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTES),成功地将Keggin型钨镓多金属氧酸盐固着在多孔二氧化硅表面,形成了一种新的负载型钨镓多金属氧酸盐催化剂。本发明提供的催化剂可以用分子氧为氧化剂,在无溶剂条件下,用于环己烯的环氧化反应可取得较高的转化率和较好的选择性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种负载型钨镓多金属氧酸盐催化剂及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
环氧化物是一类用途极广的精细化工原料和药物中间体,形成环氧化物最重要的途径就是烯烃的环氧化。环氧化反应无论是在有机合成还是化学工业中都占有举足轻重的地位,因此,对烯烃环氧化的研究一直是化工行业的一个热点。
近些年来,多金属氧酸盐(POMs)得到了快速的发展,其结构类型已经远远的超过了传统的Keggin和Dawson等经典结构,其组成元素也从Mo、W和V等丰产元素拓展到涵盖元素周期表中的70多种元素。随着多金属氧酸盐合成方法的不断更新,一批具有新奇结构且意义重大的POM相继被合成出来。由于多金属氧酸盐结构的多样性,尺寸大小的可调变性,多种元素的参与性,带来了诸多优异性能。综上所述,POMs已经成为一类新型的功能性分子材料,同时它也为烯烃的环氧化开辟了一个新的研究方向。但是,在实际催化应用中,POMs也存在催化剂颗粒小、难以回收、利用效率低等缺点,这不仅会约束催化剂的应用范围,同时也增加了其在工业催化应用中的经济成本。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供负载型钨镓多金属氧酸盐催化剂及其制备方法与应用。
一种负载型钨镓多金属氧酸盐催化剂,它包括钨镓多金属氧酸盐、二氧化硅、氨丙基三乙氧基硅(APTES),其中多孔二氧化硅为载体,氨丙基三乙氧基硅为交联剂,钨镓多金属氧酸盐为催化活性中心;所述的二氧化硅孔径尺寸为纳米级的多孔二氧化硅,孔径为10~20 nm,所述的二氧化硅由硅酸四正丁酯一步水解生成的同时完成负载。
所述的钨镓多金属氧酸盐为Ga(NO3)3和Na2WO4·2H2O在酸性条件下制备的Keggin型钨镓杂多化合物,钨镓多金属氧酸盐为圆形颗粒,平均直径在3~5 nm。
所述的氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷含量为26%。
所述的负载型钨镓多金属氧酸盐催化剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1) 将36.3g Na2WO4·2H2O溶于60 mL去离子水中配成浓度为1.8 mol/L的溶液,然后加入6 g浓度为0.1 mol/L的乙酸,加热至沸;
2) 配制1 mol/L的Ga(NO3)3溶液;
3) 在电磁搅拌的条件下,取10 mL的步骤2)所得的Ga(NO3)3溶液逐滴滴入步骤1)所得的溶液中,搅拌30 min,同时调节溶液pH至最终pH为8.5;
4) 将20g固体醋酸钠逐步分批加入到步骤3)所得的溶液中,冷却至室温,得到GaW11混合物;
5) 过滤步骤4)得到的GaW11混合物,用甲醇洗涤所得的固体数次后干燥;
6) 取步骤5)得到的固体0.054 mmol,和另取的0.064 mmol氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷加入10 ml去离子水中,在室温下连续搅拌2小时;
7) 然后将8.75 ml无水乙醇、1.2 mmol硅酸四正丁酯、1.5mL30%的氨水逐步滴入到步骤6)所得的溶液中,在室温条件下,电磁搅拌24小时;
8) 将步骤7) 所得混合物进行离心,离心的转速为2000 rpm,下层沉淀物用体积比为1:1的乙醇溶液洗涤数次,最后置于干燥皿中干燥,得到负载型钨镓多金属氧酸盐催化剂。
所述的负载型钨镓多金属氧酸盐催化剂应用于环烯烃的环氧化。
本发明与现有技术相比具有的有益效果:
1) 一步法完成载体二氧化硅的制备和POMs在二氧化硅上的负载;
2) 首次将含镓的POMs应用于环烯烃的环氧化反应中;
3) 催化条件温和;
4) 催化过程中无需溶剂;
5) 氧化剂为绿色无污染的分子氧;
6) 环己烯的环氧化有较高的转化率和选择性。
附图说明
图1为GaW11-APTES@SiO2催化前(a)和催化后(b)的红外光谱图;
图2为GaW11(a部分)和GaW11-APTES@SiO2(b部分)的XRD图;
图3为GaW11-APTES@SiO2催化前(a)的SEM(左部分)和EDS(右部分)图;
图4为GaW11-APTES@SiO2催化后(b)的SEM(左部分)和EDS(右部分)图。
具体实施方式
所述的负载型钨镓多金属氧酸盐催化剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1) 将36.3g Na2WO4·2H2O溶于60 mL去离子水中配成浓度为1.8 mol/L的溶液,然后加入6 g浓度为0.1 mol/L的乙酸,加热至沸;
2) 配制1 mol/L的Ga(NO3)3溶液;
3) 在电磁搅拌的条件下,取10 mL的步骤2)所得的Ga(NO3)3溶液逐滴滴入步骤1)所得的溶液中,搅拌30 min,同时调节溶液pH至最终pH为8.5;
4) 将20g固体醋酸钠逐步分批加入到步骤3)所得的溶液中,冷却至室温,得到GaW11混合物;
5) 过滤步骤4)得到的GaW11混合物,用甲醇洗涤所得的固体数次后干燥;GaW11的XRD图如图2(a部分)所示;
6) 取步骤5)得到的固体0.054 mmol,和另取的0.064 mmol氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷加入10 ml去离子水中,在室温下连续搅拌2小时;
7) 然后将8.75 ml无水乙醇、1.2 mmol硅酸四正丁酯、1.5 mL30%的氨水逐步滴入到步骤6)所得的溶液中,在室温条件下,电磁搅拌24小时,完成二氧化硅的一步生成以及POMs在一氧化硅上的负载。所制备的多空二氧化硅的载体的孔径为10~20 nm;
8) 将步骤7) 所得混合物进行离心,离心的转速为2000 rpm,下层沉淀物用体积比为1:1的乙醇溶液洗涤数次,最后置于干燥皿中干燥,得到负载型钨镓多金属氧酸盐催化剂(GaW11-APTES@SiO2),其中GaW11-APTES@SiO2的XRD图如图2(b部分)所示。
应用实施例1
将0.06 g催化剂、2 g反应底物(环己烯)先后加入到具有聚四氟乙烯为内衬的高压釜(高压釜的容量为20 mL)中,密封,置于50 ℃的油浴中,带釜内温度达到设定温度,打开通气阀,通入氧气,氧压为0.4 MPa,开始计时,反应24小时。反应完成后,反应产物通过气相色谱分析。色相色谱的型号为GC-1690,色谱柱为毛细管SE-54型(30 m×0.32 mm×0.5 μm),检测器为FID。分析采用内标法,内标物为正己烷(CH3(CH2)4CH3,分析纯,>97%,国药化学试剂有限公司)。检测结果为,在该催化剂作用下,环己烯的环氧化转化率为62.02%,环氧己烷的选择性为59.13%,1,2-环乙二醇的选择性为6.9%。
其中GaW11-APTES@SiO2催化前(a)和催化后(b)的红外光谱图如图1所示;GaW11-APTES@SiO2催化前(a)和催化后(a)的SEM、EDS图如图3、4所示。
应用实施例2
将经过2次循环使用的催化剂0.02 g,2 g反应底物(环己烯)先后加入到具有聚四氟乙烯为内衬的高压釜(高压釜的容量为20 mL)中,密封,置于50℃的油浴中,带釜内温度达到设定温度,打开通气阀,通入氧气,氧压为0.4 MPa,开始计时,反应24小时。反应完成后,反应产物通过气相色谱分析。检测条件同实例1,检测结果为环己烯的环氧化转化率为21.7%,环氧己烷的选择性为31.51%,1,2-环乙二醇的选择性为28.37%。
应用实施例3
将0.03 g催化剂、2 g反应底物(环己烯)先后加入到具有聚四氟乙烯为内衬的高压釜(高压釜的容量为20mL)中,密封,置于50℃的油浴中,带釜内温度达到设定温度,打开通气阀,通入氧气,氧压为0.4 MPa,开始计时,反应24小时。反应完成后,反应产物通过气相色谱分析。检测条件同实例1,检测结果为环己烯的环氧化转化率为29.11%,环氧己烷的选择性为36.92%,1,2-环乙二醇的选择性为22.62%。
应用实施例4
将0.02 g催化剂、2 g反应底物(环己烯)先后加入到具有聚四氟乙烯为内衬的高压釜(高压釜的容量为20mL)中,密封,置于70℃的油浴中,带釜内温度达到设定温度,打开通气阀,通入氧气,氧压为0.4 MPa,开始计时,反应24小时。反应完成后,反应产物通过气相色谱分析。检测条件同实例1,检测结果为环己烯的环氧化转化率为53.02%,环氧己烷的选择性为45.7%,1,2-环乙二醇的选择性为29.6%。
应用实施例5
将0.02 g催化剂、2 g反应底物(环己烯)先后加入到具有聚四氟乙烯为内衬的高压釜(高压釜的容量为20 mL)中,密封,置于50 ℃的油浴中,带釜内温度达到设定温度,打开通气阀,通入氧气,氧压为0.4 MPa,开始计时,反应48小时。反应完成后,反应产物通过气相色谱分析。检测条件同实例1,检测结果为环己烯的环氧化转化率为47.39%,环氧己烷的选择性为11.30%,1,2-环乙二醇的选择性为72.16%。
应用实施例6
将0.02 g催化剂、2 g反应底物(环己烯)和2 g叔丁基过氧化氢先后加入到具有聚四氟乙烯为内衬的高压釜(高压釜的容量为20 mL)中,密封,置于50℃的油浴中,带釜内温度达到设定温度,开始计时24小时,反应完成后,反应产物通过气相色谱分析。检测条件同应用实例1,检测结果为环己烯的环氧化转化率为53.71%,环氧己烷的选择性为36.05%,1,2-环乙二醇的选择性为41.91%。
Claims (5)
1.一种负载型钨镓多金属氧酸盐催化剂,其特征在于,它包括钨镓多金属氧酸盐、二氧化硅、氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷,其中多孔二氧化硅为载体,氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷为交联剂,钨镓多金属氧酸盐为催化活性中心;所述的二氧化硅孔径尺寸为纳米级的多孔二氧化硅,孔径为10~20 nm,所述的二氧化硅由硅酸四正丁酯一步水解生成的同时完成负载。
2.根据权利要求1所述的负载型钨镓多金属氧酸盐催化剂,其特征在于,所述的钨镓多金属氧酸盐为Ga(NO3)3和Na2WO4·2H2O在酸性条件下制备的Keggin型钨镓杂多化合物,钨镓多金属氧酸盐为圆形颗粒,平均直径在3~5 nm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的负载型钨镓多金属氧酸盐催化剂,其特征在于,所述的氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷含量为26%。
4.一种如权利要求1所述的负载型钨镓多金属氧酸盐催化剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1) 将36.3g Na2WO4·2H2O溶于60 mL去离子水中配成浓度为1.8 mol/L的溶液,然后加入6 g浓度为0.1 mol/L的乙酸,加热至沸;
2) 配制1 mol/L的Ga(NO3)3溶液;
3) 在电磁搅拌的条件下,取10 mL的步骤2)所得的Ga(NO3)3溶液逐滴滴入步骤1)所得的溶液中,搅拌30 min,同时调节溶液pH至最终pH为8.5;
4) 将20g固体醋酸钠逐步分批加入到步骤3)所得的溶液中,冷却至室温,得到GaW11混合物;
5) 过滤步骤4)得到的GaW11混合物,用甲醇洗涤所得的固体数次后干燥;
6) 取步骤5)得到的固体0.054 mmol,和另取的0.064 mmol氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷加入10 ml去离子水中,在室温下连续搅拌2小时;
7) 然后将8.75 ml无水乙醇、1.2 mmol硅酸四正丁酯、1.5mL30%的氨水逐步滴入到步骤6)所得的溶液中,在室温条件下,电磁搅拌24小时;
8) 将步骤7) 所得混合物进行离心,离心的转速为2000 rpm,下层沉淀物用体积比为1:1的乙醇溶液洗涤数次,最后置于干燥皿中干燥,得到负载型钨镓多金属氧酸盐催化剂。
5.一种如权利要求1所述的负载型钨镓多金属氧酸盐催化剂应用于环烯烃的环氧化。
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