CN105664729B - 一种姜杆溶解掺杂活性炭制备的有机/无机超滤膜及方法 - Google Patents

一种姜杆溶解掺杂活性炭制备的有机/无机超滤膜及方法 Download PDF

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CN105664729B
CN105664729B CN201610023597.0A CN201610023597A CN105664729B CN 105664729 B CN105664729 B CN 105664729B CN 201610023597 A CN201610023597 A CN 201610023597A CN 105664729 B CN105664729 B CN 105664729B
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高珊珊
宋晓明
陈夫山
王帅
王松林
周灿灿
黄连青
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Qingdao University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种姜杆溶解掺杂活性炭制备的有机/无机超滤膜及方法,涉及超滤膜制备技术领域,包括以下步骤:将预处理的姜杆加入到无水氯化锂/N,N‑二甲基乙酰胺溶液中在150℃‑160℃下溶解为均一透明的溶液后,加入活性炭粉末并使其充分分散得到铸涂液,消泡后,将铸涂液加热到90‑100℃,刮膜,即得到有机/无机超滤膜,所述无水氯化锂与N,N‑二甲基乙酰胺的质量比为1:8~1:10。通过本发明制备的复合膜即具有吸附性能,又具有一定的抑菌性能,解决了姜杆榨汁后丢弃污染环境的问题。

Description

一种姜杆溶解掺杂活性炭制备的有机/无机超滤膜及方法
技术领域
本发明涉及超滤膜制备技术领域,特别是一种姜杆溶解掺杂活性炭制备的有机/无机超滤膜及方法。
背景技术
2015年4月,国务院印发《水污染防治行动计划》。水十条正式出炉,意味着水污染问题已经提升到中华民族永续发展的战略高度。所以,早日实现工业深度处理废水回用,提高废水资源利用率,不排水,不与民争水,才能实现中国工业的可持续清洁化生产,才符合国家发展战略的要求。
近几年,随着人们保健意识的增加,姜汁产品大量涌现。收姜后大量姜杆用于榨汁,但是榨汁后的姜杆随意丢弃,形成了固体废弃物,给环境带来危害,并且造成资源浪费。论文《纤维素改性制备造纸废水回用处理膜及其调控机理的研究》(作者:孙中华)中公开了一种纤维素改性制备造纸废水回用处理膜的方法,步骤包括将纤维素经过N,N-二甲基乙酰胺活化,再用配制好Li Cl/DMAc体系溶液溶解,再加入单体甲基丙烯酸甲酯进行接枝反应,最后再进行刮膜,步骤繁琐,工艺复杂,并且制备的纤维素膜容易被微生物污染而发生堵塞现象。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是,提供一种姜杆溶解掺杂活性炭制备的有机/无机超滤膜及方法,通过本方法所制得的超滤膜即具有吸附性能,可以吸附水中的一些有机污染物,又由于姜杆中含有抑菌成分能满足超滤膜不易被水中的细菌污染引起膜的堵塞的要求。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明采用的技术方案是:
一种姜杆溶解掺杂活性炭制备有机/无机超滤膜的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将预处理的姜杆加入到无水氯化锂/N,N-二甲基乙酰胺溶液中在150℃-160℃下溶解为均一透明的溶液,所述无水氯化锂与N,N-二甲基乙酰胺的质量比为1:8~1:10;
(2)向步骤(1)中加入活性炭粉末并使其充分分散得到铸涂液;
(3)将步骤(2)中所得铸涂液消泡后,加热到90-100℃,刮膜,即得到有机/无机超滤膜。
本发明还可以具有以下附加技术特征:
优选的,所述步骤(1)中预处理包括将姜杆粉碎的过程。
优选的,所述步骤(1)中溶解的时间为2小时。
优选的,所述步骤(2)中具体为将活性炭粉末缓慢加入到溶解的姜杆溶液中并搅拌使活性炭充分分散,然后将体系置于超声波中分散1-2h。
优选的,所述步骤(3)中消泡为将铸涂液静置24小时。
优选的,所述步骤(3)中刮膜后还包括将成型的膜浸入到温度为25℃的水凝固浴中5分钟的过程。
优选的,所述步骤(1)中姜杆与无水氯化锂/N,N-二甲基乙酰胺溶液的质量比为2:98~6:94。
优选的,所述步骤(2)中活性炭粉末的粒度是1500目。
优选的,所述步骤(2)中活性炭粉末与姜杆的质量比为1:20~1:50。
本发明还包括上述方法所得的一种有机/无机超滤膜。
本发明的有益效果是:1、本发明所采用的原材料是姜杆,属于固体废弃物,与传统的超滤膜相比,保护了森林资源;2、所制得的膜即具有活性炭的吸附功能,又具有超滤膜的过滤功能,可以将水中的有害物质吸附在膜材料中,有效的治理了水资源;3、姜杆溶解于无水氯化锂/N,N-二甲基乙酰胺溶液后具有成膜性,不需要再加入交联剂等成膜材料,使工艺简单化,易于工业生产,相比于现有技术具有突出的实质性特点和显著进步。总之,将榨汁后的姜杆用于制备超滤膜,既可以解决姜杆随意丢弃带来的环境污染问题,制备的膜材料又用于处理含有大量污染物的工业废水,起到了资源综合利用的目的。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细说明:
实施例1
将2g榨完汁的姜杆加入到98g无水氯化锂/N,N-二甲基乙酰胺溶液中,无水氯化锂/N,N-二甲基乙酰胺的用量分别是10.89g与87.11g,升温至150℃,搅拌2小时,待姜杆完全溶解,加入0.04g活性炭,活性炭目数为1500目,充分搅拌使其分散,然后加入到超声波分散器中分散1h。得到的铸涂液静置24小时去除气泡后,加热到90℃使用自动刮膜机进行刮膜,将膜置于25℃的水凝固浴中5分钟进行溶剂交换,烘干得到膜材料,膜的厚度为0.042mm,平均孔径为0.012μm,膜的断裂强度为1.2MPa。
实施例2
将2g粉碎后为40目的姜杆加入到98g无水氯化锂/N,N-二甲基乙酰胺溶液中,无水氯化锂/N,N-二甲基乙酰胺的用量分别是10.89g与87.11g,升温至160℃,搅拌2小时,待姜杆完全溶解,加入0.1g活性炭,活性炭目数为1000目,充分搅拌使其分散,然后加入到超声波分散器中分散2h。得到的铸涂液静置24小时去除气泡后刮膜,加热到90℃使用自动刮膜机进行刮膜,将膜置于25℃的水凝固浴中5分钟进行溶剂交换,烘干得到膜材料,膜的厚度为0.046mm,平均孔径为0.010μm,膜的断裂强度为1.1MPa。
实施例3
将6g榨完汁的姜杆加入到94g无水氯化锂/N,N-二甲基乙酰胺溶液中,无水氯化锂/N,N-二甲基乙酰胺的用量分别是8.55g与85.45g升温至160℃,搅拌2小时,待姜杆完全溶解,加入0.3g活性炭,活性炭目数为1000目,充分搅拌使其分散,然后加入到超声波分散器中分散2h。得到的铸涂液静置24小时去除气泡后刮膜,加热到90℃使用自动刮膜机进行刮膜,将膜置于25℃的水凝固浴中5分钟进行溶剂交换,烘干得到膜材料,膜的厚度为0.062mm,平均孔径为0.008μm,膜的断裂强度为1.4MPa。
实施例4
将6g榨完汁的姜杆加入到94g无水氯化锂/N,N-二甲基乙酰胺溶液中,无水氯化锂/N,N-二甲基乙酰胺的用量分别是8.55g与85.45g升温至160℃,搅拌2小时,待姜杆完全溶解,加入0.2g活性炭,活性炭目数为1000目,充分搅拌使其分散,然后加入到超声波分散器中分散2h。得到的铸涂液静置24小时去除气泡后刮膜,加热到100℃使用自动刮膜机进行刮膜,将膜置于25℃的水凝固浴中5分钟进行溶剂交换,烘干得到膜材料,膜的厚度为0.058mm,平均孔径为0.008μm,膜的断裂强度为1.4MPa。
实施例5 超滤膜净水效果实验
采用上述实施例1制备的姜杆溶解掺杂活性炭制备有机/无机超滤膜用于处理含有活性翠蓝染料的印染废水。结果如下:废水经膜过滤后,脱色率可达90%以上,吸附量为95%。采用振荡烧瓶法测试膜的抗菌性能,证明该超滤膜具有一定的抑菌性能,对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌表现出良好的抗菌性能,抑菌率分别是46.2%和45.9%。
实施例6 采用上述实施例3制备的姜杆溶解掺杂活性炭制备有机/无机超滤膜和绵纤维制备的超滤膜用于处理含有活性翠蓝染料的印染废水。结果如下:废水经姜杆溶解掺杂活性炭制备的膜过滤后,脱色率可达96%以上,吸附量为97%。对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌表现出良好的抗菌性能,抑菌率分别是40.8%和43.6%。而市售的木材纤维材质制备的超滤膜过滤后,脱色率为86%,吸附量为84%,超滤膜无任何抑菌性能,本发明的数据均为三组平行实验的平均数。
实施例7 采用上述实施例1制备的姜杆溶解掺杂活性炭制备有机/无机超滤膜用于处理含有悬浮物、细小纤维、填料、施胶剂物质的造纸废水。结果如下:废水经膜过滤后,脱色率可达96%以上,吸附量为98%。COD去除率为95%,采用振荡烧瓶法测试膜的抗菌性能,证明该超滤膜具有一定的抑菌性能,对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌表现出良好的抗菌性能,抑菌率分别是45.1%和45.6%。
综上所述,本发明的内容并不局限在上述的实施例中,相同领域内的有识之士可以在本发明的技术指导思想之内可以轻易提出其他的实施例,但这种实施例都包括在本发明的范围之内。

Claims (7)

1.一种姜杆溶解掺杂活性炭制备有机/无机超滤膜的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将预处理的姜杆加入到无水氯化锂/N,N-二甲基乙酰胺溶液中在150℃-160℃下溶解为均一透明的溶液,所述无水氯化锂与N,N-二甲基乙酰胺的质量比为1:8~1:10;
(2)向步骤(1)中加入活性炭粉末并使其充分分散得到铸涂液;
(3)将步骤(2)中所得铸涂液消泡后,加热到90-100℃,刮膜,即得到有机/无机超滤膜;
所述步骤(1)中溶解的时间为2小时;
所述步骤(1)中姜杆与无水氯化锂/N,N-二甲基乙酰胺溶液的质量比为2:98~6:94;
所述步骤(2)具体为将活性炭粉末缓慢加入到溶解的姜杆溶液中并搅拌使活性炭充分分散,然后将体系置于超声波中分散1-2h。
2.根据权利要求1所述的姜杆溶解掺杂活性炭制备有机/无机超滤膜的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中预处理包括将姜杆粉碎的过程。
3.根据权利要求1所述的姜杆溶解掺杂活性炭制备有机/无机超滤膜的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)中消泡为将铸涂液静置24小时。
4.根据权利要求1所述的姜杆溶解掺杂活性炭制备有机/无机超滤膜的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)中刮膜后还包括将成型的膜浸入到温度为25℃的水凝固中5分钟的过程。
5.根据权利要求1所述的姜杆溶解掺杂活性炭制备有机/无机超滤膜的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中活性炭粉末的粒度是1500目。
6.根据权利要求1所述的姜杆溶解掺杂活性炭制备有机/无机超滤膜的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中活性炭粉末与姜杆的质量比为1:20~1:50。
7.权利要求1-6任一项的方法所得的一种有机/无机超滤膜。
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