CN105645965A - 一种SiC陶瓷材料的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种SiC陶瓷材料的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN105645965A
CN105645965A CN201610132770.0A CN201610132770A CN105645965A CN 105645965 A CN105645965 A CN 105645965A CN 201610132770 A CN201610132770 A CN 201610132770A CN 105645965 A CN105645965 A CN 105645965A
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刘莉
王爽
邱晶
刘晓东
黄明明
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Suzhou Netshape Composite Materials Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种SiC陶瓷材料的制备方法,先取碳粉、酚醛树脂、聚乙烯醇、乌洛托品、二氧化硅、硬脂酸锌、聚丙烯酰胺、硅酸钙、碳酸二甲酯、大豆卵磷脂、柠檬酸、壳聚糖,加至无水乙醇中,球磨,经干燥、粉碎后得到混合粉料,再将所得混合粉料装填入成型模具预压,压坯干燥后依次进行固化处理、碳化处理、熔渗烧结,即得。本发明的SiC陶瓷材料密度达到3.12?g·cm-3,抗弯强度达到410?MPa,洛氏硬度(HRA)达到93,综合性能达到陶瓷机械密封件的技术要求,摩擦系数达到0.078μ具有优良的耐磨性能。

Description

一种SiC陶瓷材料的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于陶瓷材料技术领域,具体涉及一种SiC陶瓷材料的制备方法。
背景技术
SiC是一种典型的Si与C共价键结合的化合物,在自然界分布极少,工业上应用的都是人工合成的材料。早在1891年,Acheson在合成金刚石实验中,往C中加Si作为催化剂,生成SiC,被误认为是金刚石,所以取名金刚砂。SiC陶瓷是近几十年才发展起来的新型陶瓷材料,但由于其特别优良的高强度、高硬度、耐腐蚀、耐高温等性能,得到大规模的开发应用,已大量应用于石油化工、冶金、机械、航空航天、微电子、汽车、钢铁等领域,并日益显示出其它特种陶瓷所无法比拟的优点。
目前,反应烧结SiC陶瓷广泛用于制造机械零部件如各种耐磨件、耐高温结构件及机械密封件等,随着我国石油、化工行业的发展,各种输送泵、搅拌机等设备对机械密封件的要求越来越高。极端的工作条件对反应烧结SiC陶瓷材料的结构与性能提出了日益严峻的挑战。目前,反应烧结SiC陶瓷制备一般采用较粗的SiC原料粉,粒径在10-50μm,导致陶瓷材料力学性能不高,含有的游离Si含量在10~15%,而且制品的表面质量也不高。相对于作为耐磨件使用的陶瓷材料而言,用于机械密封的反应烧结SiC陶瓷材料要求粒度细小而均匀,一般应为微米级粉体,以保证制品的尺寸精度和表面质量,并赋予其良好的机械性能,满足工况需求。目前,采用微米级SiC原料粉体制备反应烧结SiC陶瓷材料的研究还很欠缺,而且,采用较小粒径的SiC原料增加了坯体成型及熔渗烧结过程的难度,工艺也较难掌握。因此,开展微细SiC陶瓷的反应烧结工艺以及其性能与微观组织的关系开展研究,以期开发成熟的微细SiC陶瓷的反应烧结工艺,制造性能优越的反应烧结SiC陶瓷材料及密封件制品,具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术的不足而提供一种SiC陶瓷材料的制备方法,所得材料具有优良的综合性能和耐磨性能。
一种SiC陶瓷材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1,以重量份计,取碳粉10~15份、酚醛树脂3~7份、聚乙烯醇2~8份、乌洛托品1~5份、二氧化硅2~7份、硬脂酸锌1~6份、聚丙烯酰胺1~4份、硅酸钙2~7份、碳酸二甲酯3~8份、大豆卵磷脂2~9份、柠檬酸1~7份、壳聚糖0.8~3.2份,加至无水乙醇10~20份中,球磨,经干燥、粉碎后得到混合粉料;
步骤2,将步骤1所得混合粉料装填入成型模具预压,压坯干燥后进行固化处理,得素坯;
步骤3,将步骤2所得素坯进行碳化处理,得陶瓷素坯;
步骤4,将步骤3所得陶瓷素坯在真空条件下进行熔渗烧结,即得。
进一步地,步骤1中球磨介质选用5mm的玛瑙球,球磨时间为6~12h。
进一步地,步骤1所得混合粉料的粒度为80~100目。
进一步地,步骤2中预压压力为70~200MPa,固化温度为150~250℃,固化时间为1~4h。
进一步地,步骤3中碳化处理是在氩气或氮气条件下700~1000℃处理1~5h。
进一步地,步骤4中烧结条件为真空度0.08~0.12MPa,温度1500~1800℃,时间0.5~2h。
进一步地,所述硬脂酸锌是先由氢氧化钠溶液浸泡,再用丙烯酸树脂改性得到。
预处理的步骤是:将氧化锌粉末置于5倍重量的10wt%的80℃的氢氧化钠溶液浸泡2小时,取出后脱水,置于40℃的丙烯酸树脂中(重量是未浸泡前的氧化锌粉末重量的5倍),保持1小时,取出后用30vol.%的乙醇水溶液清净后烘干。
本发明的SiC陶瓷材料具有优良的综合性能和耐磨性能。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种SiC陶瓷材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1,以重量份计,取碳粉10份、酚醛树脂3份、聚乙烯醇2份、乌洛托品1份、二氧化硅2份、硬脂酸锌1份、聚丙烯酰胺1份、硅酸钙2份、碳酸二甲酯3份、大豆卵磷脂2份、柠檬酸1份、壳聚糖0.8份,加至无水乙醇10份中,球磨,经干燥、粉碎后得到混合粉料;
步骤2,将步骤1所得混合粉料装填入成型模具预压,压坯干燥后进行固化处理,得素坯;
步骤3,将步骤2所得素坯进行碳化处理,得陶瓷素坯;
步骤4,将步骤3所得陶瓷素坯在真空条件下进行熔渗烧结,即得。
其中,步骤1中球磨介质选用5mm的玛瑙球,球磨时间为12h,所得混合粉料的粒度为80目;步骤2中预压压力为70MPa,固化温度为150℃,固化时间为4h;步骤3中碳化处理是在氩气条件下700℃处理5h;步骤4中烧结条件为真空度0.08MPa,温度1800℃,时间0.5h。
实施例2
一种SiC陶瓷材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1,以重量份计,取碳粉13份、酚醛树脂6份、聚乙烯醇7份、乌洛托品2份、二氧化硅5份、硬脂酸锌2份、聚丙烯酰胺3份、硅酸钙4份、碳酸二甲酯6份、大豆卵磷脂8份、柠檬酸2份、壳聚糖2.3份,加至无水乙醇15份中,球磨,经干燥、粉碎后得到混合粉料;
步骤2,将步骤1所得混合粉料装填入成型模具预压,压坯干燥后进行固化处理,得素坯;
步骤3,将步骤2所得素坯进行碳化处理,得陶瓷素坯;
步骤4,将步骤3所得陶瓷素坯在真空条件下进行熔渗烧结,即得。
其中,步骤1中球磨介质选用5mm的玛瑙球,球磨时间为9h,所得混合粉料的粒度为90目;步骤2中预压压力为130MPa,固化温度为190℃,固化时间为2h;步骤3中碳化处理是在氩气条件下900℃处理2h;步骤4中烧结条件为真空度0.09MPa,温度1500℃,时间1.5h。
实施例3
一种SiC陶瓷材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1,以重量份计,取碳粉13份、酚醛树脂4份、聚乙烯醇6份、乌洛托品4份、二氧化硅3份、硬脂酸锌2份、聚丙烯酰胺3份、硅酸钙6份、碳酸二甲酯6份、大豆卵磷脂8份、柠檬酸3份、壳聚糖1.5份,加至无水乙醇15份中,球磨,经干燥、粉碎后得到混合粉料;
步骤2,将步骤1所得混合粉料装填入成型模具预压,压坯干燥后进行固化处理,得素坯;
步骤3,将步骤2所得素坯进行碳化处理,得陶瓷素坯;
步骤4,将步骤3所得陶瓷素坯在真空条件下进行熔渗烧结,即得。
其中,步骤1中球磨介质选用5mm的玛瑙球,球磨时间为9h,所得混合粉料的粒度为80目;步骤2中预压压力为120MPa,固化温度为180℃,固化时间为3h;步骤3中碳化处理是在氩气条件下900℃处理3h;步骤4中烧结条件为真空度0.10MPa,温度1400℃,时间1.5h。
实施例4
一种SiC陶瓷材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1,以重量份计,取碳粉15份、酚醛树脂7份、聚乙烯醇8份、乌洛托品5份、二氧化硅7份、硬脂酸锌6份、聚丙烯酰胺4份、硅酸钙7份、碳酸二甲酯8份、大豆卵磷脂9份、柠檬酸7份、壳聚糖3.2份,加至无水乙醇20份中,球磨,经干燥、粉碎后得到混合粉料;
步骤2,将步骤1所得混合粉料装填入成型模具预压,压坯干燥后进行固化处理,得素坯;
步骤3,将步骤2所得素坯进行碳化处理,得陶瓷素坯;
步骤4,将步骤3所得陶瓷素坯在真空条件下进行熔渗烧结,即得。
其中,步骤1中球磨介质选用5mm的玛瑙球,球磨时间为12h,所得混合粉料的粒度为100目;步骤2中预压压力为200MPa,固化温度为250℃,固化时间为1h;步骤3中碳化处理是在氩气条件下1000℃处理1h;步骤4中烧结条件为真空度0.12MPa,温度1500℃,时间1h。
实施例5
本实施例与实施例4的区别在于:所述硬脂酸锌是先由氢氧化钠溶液浸泡,再用丙烯酸树脂改性得到。预处理的步骤是:将氧化锌粉末置于5倍重量的10wt%的80℃的氢氧化钠溶液浸泡2小时,取出后脱水,置于40℃的丙烯酸树脂中(重量是未浸泡前的氧化锌粉末重量的5倍),保持1小时,取出后用30vol.%的乙醇水溶液清净后烘干。
一种SiC陶瓷材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1,以重量份计,取碳粉15份、酚醛树脂7份、聚乙烯醇8份、乌洛托品5份、二氧化硅7份、硬脂酸锌6份、聚丙烯酰胺4份、硅酸钙7份、碳酸二甲酯8份、大豆卵磷脂9份、柠檬酸7份、壳聚糖3.2份,加至无水乙醇20份中,球磨,经干燥、粉碎后得到混合粉料;
步骤2,将步骤1所得混合粉料装填入成型模具预压,压坯干燥后进行固化处理,得素坯;
步骤3,将步骤2所得素坯进行碳化处理,得陶瓷素坯;
步骤4,将步骤3所得陶瓷素坯在真空条件下进行熔渗烧结,即得。
其中,步骤1中球磨介质选用5mm的玛瑙球,球磨时间为12h,所得混合粉料的粒度为100目;步骤2中预压压力为200MPa,固化温度为250℃,固化时间为1h;步骤3中碳化处理是在氩气条件下1000℃处理1h;步骤4中烧结条件为真空度0.12MPa,温度1500℃,时间1h。
将实施例1至5所得材料进行性能测试,结果如下:
实施例1 实施例2 实施例3 实施例4 实施例5
密度/g·cm-3 3.15 3.20 3.12 3.18 3.25
硬度(HRA) 98 96 93 95 108
抗弯强度/MPa 410 418 405 412 435
摩擦系数/μ 0.085 0.078 0.082 0.081 0.095
磨损体积/mm3 30 27 32 29 17
由上表可知,本发明的SiC陶瓷材料密度达到3.12g·cm-3,抗弯强度达到410MPa,洛氏硬度(HRA)达到93,综合性能达到陶瓷机械密封件的技术要求,摩擦系数达到0.078μ具有优良的耐磨性能。

Claims (7)

1.一种SiC陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
步骤1,以重量份计,取碳粉10~15份、酚醛树脂3~7份、聚乙烯醇2~8份、乌洛托品1~5份、二氧化硅2~7份、硬脂酸锌1~6份、聚丙烯酰胺1~4份、硅酸钙2~7份、碳酸二甲酯3~8份、大豆卵磷脂2~9份、柠檬酸1~7份、壳聚糖0.8~3.2份,加至无水乙醇10~20份中,球磨,经干燥、粉碎后得到混合粉料;
步骤2,将步骤1所得混合粉料装填入成型模具预压,压坯干燥后进行固化处理,得素坯;
步骤3,将步骤2所得素坯进行碳化处理,得陶瓷素坯;
步骤4,将步骤3所得陶瓷素坯在真空条件下进行熔渗烧结,即得。
2.根据权利要求1所述的SiC陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤1中球磨介质选用5mm的玛瑙球,球磨时间为6~12h。
3.根据权利要求1所述的SiC陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤1所得混合粉料的粒度为80~100目。
4.根据权利要求1所述的SiC陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤2中预压压力为70~200MPa,固化温度为150~250℃,固化时间为1~4h。
5.根据权利要求1所述的SiC陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤3中碳化处理是在氩气或氮气条件下700~1000℃处理1~5h。
6.根据权利要求1所述的SiC陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤4中烧结条件为真空度0.08~0.12MPa,温度1500~1800℃,时间0.5~2h。
7.根据权利要求1所述的SiC陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述硬脂酸锌是先由氢氧化钠溶液浸泡,再用丙烯酸树脂改性得到。
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109939494A (zh) * 2019-03-27 2019-06-28 盐城工学院 一种用于工业烟气净化的耐高温改性玻璃纤维滤料
CN111348918A (zh) * 2020-03-11 2020-06-30 上海德宝密封件有限公司 一种防止石墨板损坏的氮化硼涂层工艺

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JPH01282114A (ja) * 1988-05-10 1989-11-14 Central Glass Co Ltd 高純度β型SiC粉末およびそれを用いた焼結体の製造方法
CN102745994A (zh) * 2012-07-26 2012-10-24 武汉科技大学 一种碳化硅-碳复合材料及其制备方法

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JPH01282114A (ja) * 1988-05-10 1989-11-14 Central Glass Co Ltd 高純度β型SiC粉末およびそれを用いた焼結体の製造方法
CN102745994A (zh) * 2012-07-26 2012-10-24 武汉科技大学 一种碳化硅-碳复合材料及其制备方法

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109939494A (zh) * 2019-03-27 2019-06-28 盐城工学院 一种用于工业烟气净化的耐高温改性玻璃纤维滤料
CN111348918A (zh) * 2020-03-11 2020-06-30 上海德宝密封件有限公司 一种防止石墨板损坏的氮化硼涂层工艺

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