CN105643733B - 一种五层胶合板及其制作方法 - Google Patents

一种五层胶合板及其制作方法 Download PDF

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CN105643733B
CN105643733B CN201610063459.5A CN201610063459A CN105643733B CN 105643733 B CN105643733 B CN 105643733B CN 201610063459 A CN201610063459 A CN 201610063459A CN 105643733 B CN105643733 B CN 105643733B
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王召龙
王国桢
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    • B27WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27DWORKING VENEER OR PLYWOOD
    • B27D1/00Joining wood veneer with any material; Forming articles thereby; Preparatory processing of surfaces to be joined, e.g. scoring
    • B27D1/04Joining wood veneer with any material; Forming articles thereby; Preparatory processing of surfaces to be joined, e.g. scoring to produce plywood or articles made therefrom; Plywood sheets
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27DWORKING VENEER OR PLYWOOD
    • B27D1/00Joining wood veneer with any material; Forming articles thereby; Preparatory processing of surfaces to be joined, e.g. scoring
    • B27D1/04Joining wood veneer with any material; Forming articles thereby; Preparatory processing of surfaces to be joined, e.g. scoring to produce plywood or articles made therefrom; Plywood sheets
    • B27D1/08Manufacture of shaped articles; Presses specially designed therefor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B21/00Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board
    • B32B21/04Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board comprising wood as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B21/042Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board comprising wood as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of wood
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
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    • B32B7/12Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
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    • C09J11/00Features of adhesives not provided for in group C09J9/00, e.g. additives
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    • C09J11/00Features of adhesives not provided for in group C09J9/00, e.g. additives
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    • C09J11/00Features of adhesives not provided for in group C09J9/00, e.g. additives
    • C09J11/08Macromolecular additives
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • C09J151/00Adhesives based on graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09J151/02Adhesives based on graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers grafted on to polysaccharides
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70Other properties
    • B32B2307/714Inert, i.e. inert to chemical degradation, corrosion
    • B32B2307/7145Rot proof, resistant to bacteria, mildew, mould, fungi

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Abstract

本发明属于装修板材领域,公开了一种五层胶合板,其具有层状结构,由上到下分别为面板、三层中间板和底板,各板层之间通过粘合剂热压而成;其特征在于,所述粘合剂按照如下工艺制备而得:步骤1)称取原料,步骤2)粉碎,步骤3)球磨搅拌,步骤4)升温搅拌,步骤5)制备胶合剂。本发明五层胶合板采用五层板式结构,各板层之间使用稳定环保粘合剂,环保无污染,市场前景好。

Description

一种五层胶合板及其制作方法
技术领域
本发明属于装修板材领域,具体涉及一种五层胶合板及其制作方法。
背景技术
胶合板是由木段旋切成单板或由木方刨切成薄木,再用粘合剂胶合而成的三层或多层的板状材料,通常用奇数层单板,并使相邻层单板的纤维方向互相垂直胶合而成。胶合板是家具常用材料之一,为人造板三大板之一,亦可供飞机、船舶、火车、汽车、建筑和包装箱等作用材。一组单板通常按相邻层木纹方向互相垂直组坯胶合而成,通常其表板和内层板对称地配置在中心层或板芯的两侧。用涂胶后的单板按木纹方向纵横交错配成的板坯,在加热或不加热的条件下压制而成。层数一般为奇数,少数也有偶数。纵横方向的物理、机械性质差异较小。常用的胶合板类型有三合板、五合板等。胶合板能提高木材利用率,是节约木材的一个主要途径。
影响胶合板性能的一个关键因素是粘合剂。现有技术中采用各种粘合剂用于胶合板中以提高木材的利用率并改善胶合板的使用性能。目前用的较多是环氧树脂粘合剂和酚醛树脂粘合剂等,上述粘合剂稳定性较好,但是甲醛含量以及原料成本较高,而且粘合强度有待提升。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足,提供了一种五层胶合板及其制作方法,该胶合板采用环保胶合剂,粘合强度和稳定性能好。
本发明是通过以下技术方案来实现的:
一种五层胶合板,其具有层状结构,由上到下分别为面板、三层中间板和底板,各板层之间通过粘合剂热压而成;其特征在于,所述粘合剂按照如下工艺制备而得:
步骤1)称取原料,步骤2)粉碎,步骤3)球磨搅拌,步骤4)升温搅拌,步骤5)制备胶合剂;
具体地,按照如下工艺制备而得:
步骤1)称取原料:按照重量份称取氨水1-2份,十二烷基硫酸钠2-3份,碳化硅2-3份,硬脂酸锌2-3份,山豆根3-5份,蒙脱石4-6份,锂基膨润土4-6份,纳米二氧化硅5-7份,花生壳5-7份,淀粉醚 20-30份,聚乙烯醇30-40份,丙烯酸甲酯45-70份,丙烯酸乙酯70-110份,蒸馏水600-900份;
步骤2)粉碎:将花生壳和山豆根混合,用粉碎机粉碎,然后研磨成粒径为200目的粉末;
步骤3)球磨搅拌:碳化硅、蒙脱石以及锂基膨润土依次添加到在球磨机中,研磨至粒径为200目的混合物,然后将混合物转入搅拌机,再添加步骤2)所得粉末,200转/min搅拌10min,即得混合料A;
步骤4)升温搅拌:将纳米二氧化硅、淀粉醚、丙烯酸甲酯以及丙烯酸乙酯依次加入反应釜内,升温至50℃,搅拌均匀,然后加入十二烷基硫酸钠、硬脂酸锌以及聚乙烯醇,继续升温至70℃,保温3小时,得到混合料B;
步骤5)制备胶合剂:往混合料B中添加蒸馏水,以2℃/秒的速度升温至90℃,边升温边搅拌,搅拌速度为1000转/min;待达到90℃时,停止搅拌,并保温10min;冷却至室温,然后添加混合料A和氨水,搅拌分散均匀,即得。
优选地,纳米二氧化硅的粒径为10-100nm。
本发明取得的有益效果主要包括但不限于以下几个方面:
本发明五层胶合板采用五层板式结构,各板层之间使用稳定环保粘合剂,环保无污染,大大提高了胶合板的性能和市场竞争力;本发明粘合剂的原料配伍合理,不含甲醛有害物质,胶合性能和稳定性能好,并且具备较好的耐水性能和抗菌性能;本发明通过添加蒙脱石和锂基膨润土,提高了各原料之间的结合力和相容性;本发明通过添加山豆根以及废弃秸秆等辅料提高了抗菌性能,还具备一定的吸附有害气体的用途;本发明胶合剂制备工艺和制备设备简单可行,适合大规模工业化生产,具备较好的前景。
具体实施方式
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本申请中的技术方案,下面将结合本申请具体实施例,对本发明进行更加清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都应当属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
一种五层胶合板,其具有层状结构,由上到下分别为面板、三层中间板和底板,各板层之间通过粘合剂热压而成;所述粘合剂按照如下工艺制备而得:步骤1)称取原料,步骤2)粉碎,步骤3)球磨搅拌,步骤4)升温搅拌,步骤5)制备胶合剂;
具体地,按照如下工艺制备而得:
步骤1)称取原料:按照重量份称取氨水1份,十二烷基硫酸钠2份,碳化硅2份,硬脂酸锌2份,山豆根3份,蒙脱石4份,锂基膨润土4份,纳米二氧化硅5份,花生壳5份,淀粉醚 20份,聚乙烯醇30份,丙烯酸甲酯45份,丙烯酸乙酯70份,蒸馏水600份;
步骤2)粉碎:将花生壳和山豆根混合,用粉碎机粉碎,然后研磨成粒径为200目的粉末;
步骤3)球磨搅拌:碳化硅、蒙脱石以及锂基膨润土依次添加到在球磨机中,研磨至粒径为200目的混合物,然后将混合物转入搅拌机,再添加步骤2)所得粉末,200转/min搅拌10min,即得混合料A;
步骤4)升温搅拌:将纳米二氧化硅、淀粉醚、丙烯酸甲酯以及丙烯酸乙酯依次加入反应釜内,升温至50℃,搅拌均匀,然后加入十二烷基硫酸钠、硬脂酸锌以及聚乙烯醇,继续升温至70℃,保温3小时,得到混合料B;
步骤5)制备胶合剂:往混合料B中添加蒸馏水,以2℃/秒的速度升温至90℃,边升温边搅拌,搅拌速度为1000转/min;待达到90℃时,停止搅拌,并保温10min;冷却至室温,然后添加混合料A和氨水,搅拌分散均匀,即得。
实施例2
一种五层胶合板,其具有层状结构,由上到下分别为面板、三层中间板和底板,各板层之间通过粘合剂热压而成;所述粘合剂按照如下工艺制备而得:步骤1)称取原料,步骤2)粉碎,步骤3)球磨搅拌,步骤4)升温搅拌,步骤5)制备胶合剂;
具体地,按照如下工艺制备而得:
步骤1)称取原料:按照重量份称取氨水2份,十二烷基硫酸钠3份,碳化硅3份,硬脂酸锌3份,山豆根5份,蒙脱石6份,锂基膨润土6份,纳米二氧化硅7份,花生壳7份,淀粉醚 30份,聚乙烯醇40份,丙烯酸甲酯70份,丙烯酸乙酯110份,蒸馏水900份;
步骤2)粉碎:将花生壳和山豆根混合,用粉碎机粉碎,然后研磨成粒径为200目的粉末;
步骤3)球磨搅拌:碳化硅、蒙脱石以及锂基膨润土依次添加到在球磨机中,研磨至粒径为200目的混合物,然后将混合物转入搅拌机,再添加步骤2)所得粉末,200转/min搅拌10min,即得混合料A;
步骤4)升温搅拌:将纳米二氧化硅、淀粉醚、丙烯酸甲酯以及丙烯酸乙酯依次加入反应釜内,升温至50℃,搅拌均匀,然后加入十二烷基硫酸钠、硬脂酸锌以及聚乙烯醇,继续升温至70℃,保温3小时,得到混合料B;
步骤5)制备胶合剂:往混合料B中添加蒸馏水,以2℃/秒的速度升温至90℃,边升温边搅拌,搅拌速度为1000转/min;待达到90℃时,停止搅拌,并保温10min;冷却至室温,然后添加混合料A和氨水,搅拌分散均匀,即得。
实施例3
本发明粘合剂的性能参数测试:
参照GB/T9846.3-2004和GB/T14074-2006标准检测,以实施例1为例,具体检测结果见表1:
表1
性能参数 参数标准 本发明实施例1
比重,g/ml 1.05-1.3 1.14
甲醛释放量,mg/L 0.5(E0) <0.02
胶合强度,Mpa >0.5 1.69
稳定性,天 >30 100
板材开放时间,h >4h 10h
结论:本发明制备的胶合剂环保无污染,胶合强度强,稳定性能好,板材开放时间长,适合用于胶合板加工。
以上结合具体的实施方式对本发明进行了描述,但本领域技术人员应该清楚,这些描述都是示例性的,并不是对本发明保护范围的限制。本领域技术人员可以根据本发明的精神和原理对本发明做出各种变型和修改,这些变型和修改也在本发明的范围内。

Claims (2)

1.一种五层胶合板,其具有层状结构,由上到下分别为面板、三层中间板和底板,各板层之间通过粘合剂热压而成;其特征在于,所述粘合剂按照如下工艺制备而得:
步骤1)称取原料:按照重量份称取氨水1-2份,十二烷基硫酸钠2-3份,碳化硅2-3份,硬脂酸锌2-3份,山豆根3-5份,蒙脱石4-6份,锂基膨润土4-6份,纳米二氧化硅5-7份,花生壳5-7份,淀粉醚 20-30份,聚乙烯醇30-40份,丙烯酸甲酯45-70份,丙烯酸乙酯70-110份,蒸馏水600-900份;
步骤2)粉碎:将花生壳和山豆根混合,用粉碎机粉碎,然后研磨成粒径为200目的粉末;
步骤3)球磨搅拌:碳化硅、蒙脱石以及锂基膨润土依次添加到球磨机中,研磨至粒径为200目的混合物,然后将混合物转入搅拌机,再添加步骤2)所得粉末,200转/min搅拌10min,即得混合料A;
步骤4)升温搅拌:将纳米二氧化硅、淀粉醚、丙烯酸甲酯以及丙烯酸乙酯依次加入反应釜内,升温至50℃,搅拌均匀,然后加入十二烷基硫酸钠、硬脂酸锌以及聚乙烯醇,继续升温至70℃,保温3小时,得到混合料B;
步骤5)制备粘合剂:往混合料B中添加蒸馏水,以2℃/秒的速度升温至90℃,边升温边搅拌,搅拌速度为1000转/min;待达到90℃时,停止搅拌,并保温10min;冷却至室温,然后添加混合料A和氨水,搅拌分散均匀,即得。
2.根据权利要求1所述的胶合板,其特征在于,所述纳米二氧化硅的粒径为10-100nm。
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