WO2012167468A1 - 一种制作胶合板的方法 - Google Patents

一种制作胶合板的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012167468A1
WO2012167468A1 PCT/CN2011/076891 CN2011076891W WO2012167468A1 WO 2012167468 A1 WO2012167468 A1 WO 2012167468A1 CN 2011076891 W CN2011076891 W CN 2011076891W WO 2012167468 A1 WO2012167468 A1 WO 2012167468A1
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Prior art keywords
veneer
plywood
pressing
hot pressing
cold pressing
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PCT/CN2011/076891
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
戴武兵
Original Assignee
Dai Wubing
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Publication of WO2012167468A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012167468A1/zh

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B21/00Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board
    • B32B21/04Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board comprising wood as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B21/08Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board comprising wood as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27DWORKING VENEER OR PLYWOOD
    • B27D1/00Joining wood veneer with any material; Forming articles thereby; Preparatory processing of surfaces to be joined, e.g. scoring
    • B27D1/04Joining wood veneer with any material; Forming articles thereby; Preparatory processing of surfaces to be joined, e.g. scoring to produce plywood or articles made therefrom; Plywood sheets
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B21/00Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board
    • B32B21/14Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board comprising wood board or veneer

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of making a plywood. Background technique
  • the decorative board commonly known as the panel, is a decorative board with a single-sided or double-sided decorative effect, which is made by cutting the solid wood board into a thin veneer with a thickness of 0.1 mm or more and using a splint as a base material.
  • Formaldehyde has strong adhesiveness, and also has the function of strengthening the hardness and anti-insect and anti-corrosion of the board. Therefore, the adhesives of the existing sheets are mostly resin-based adhesives mainly composed of formaldehyde, under the combined action of ultraviolet rays, temperature and sunlight. These binders are decomposed in large amounts, and free formaldehyde is also swam around indoors. The residual formaldehyde in the plate that is not involved in the chemical reaction will gradually radiate to the surrounding environment, which is the main body of formaldehyde in the indoor air.
  • Formaldehyde is a colorless, pungent gas with a strong odor, and its 35%-40% aqueous formaldehyde solution is known as formalin.
  • Formaldehyde is a pure syrup that binds to proteins. After inhaling high concentrations of formaldehyde, it can cause severe irritation and edema of the respiratory tract, eye irritation, headache, and bronchial asthma. Direct contact with formaldehyde can cause dermatitis, pigmentation, and necrosis. Frequent inhalation of small amounts of formaldehyde can cause chronic poisoning, mucosal congestion, skin irritation, atopic dermatitis, nail keratosis and fragility, and pain in the nail bed. Systemic symptoms include headache, fatigue, poor appetite, palpitations, insomnia, weight loss, and autonomic disorders.
  • the Chinese invention patent with the authorization bulletin number CN1128186C discloses a formaldehyde-free fireproof and waterproof decorative board, which uses plant fiber powder as a main raw material and a formaldehyde-free PVC.
  • the resin powder is prepared as a binder according to a certain process. Since the decorative board is based on plant fiber powder instead of wood, the patent does not solve the problem of formaldehyde contamination commonly found in traditional decorative boards (with solid wood boards as the main component).
  • the Chinese invention patent with the authorization number CN1164420C discloses an environmentally-friendly composite decorative board which uses non-toxic white glue as a binder, and the defect is that the composite decorative board still contains a certain amount of formaldehyde ( The formaldehyde content reaches 0.81 mg/L.
  • the decorative board has problems such as high preparation cost and complicated preparation process, which needs to be overcome. There are many such studies, not to mention one.
  • CN101554741A discloses a method for preparing a formaldehyde-free decorative board, which is uniformly coated with a plastic film between each adjacent two solid wood veneers, followed by hot pressing and then cold pressing to obtain a decoration. board.
  • the hot pressing is followed by cold pressing, the hot pressing temperature is 120-140 ° C, the hot pressing time is 5-45 min; the cold pressing temperature is 30-40 ° C, cold pressing and hot pressing The pressure is 100-600 tons, the cold pressing time is 5-45min ; the final decorative board is immersed in water of 65-75 °C for 30 hours without cracking, and no cracking is observed after drying for another 3 hours.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a plywood which is more resistant to water, drying and firmness.
  • the invention provides a method for manufacturing a plywood.
  • the plywood is pressed by two or more veneers.
  • the method comprises: laying a plastic film between two adjacent veneers, first pressing and then cold pressing Wherein, the interval between hot pressing and cold pressing is within 20 min.
  • the method of the present invention has the following advantages: (1) The interval time is not within the scope of the present invention. Compared with the method, the water resistance, drying resistance and firmness of the obtained plywood can be remarkably improved under the same conditions of other conditions (for example, the amount of plastic film, the temperature and time of hot pressing and cold pressing); (2) In the case where the same effect is required (e.g., substantially the same water resistance, drying resistance, and robustness), the parameters in the manufacturing process are less demanding than the method in which the interval is not within the scope of the present invention. (For example, the amount of plastic film is reduced, the time for hot pressing and cold pressing is shortened); (3) The method of the invention is simple, has no special requirements for equipment, and is very suitable for industrial production of large-scale plywood. detailed description
  • the method for producing a plywood according to the present invention comprises: laying a plastic film between two adjacent veneers, first hot pressing and then cold pressing; wherein, the interval between hot pressing and cold pressing is within 20 min.
  • the object of the present invention can be achieved by controlling the interval between hot pressing and cold pressing within the aforementioned range of the present invention, and on the basis of this, in order to further improve various performance indexes of the plywood, the present invention
  • the inventors have found that it can be achieved by controlling the interval between the hot pressing and the cold pressing to be 0.1 to 15 min, further preferably 1 to 10 min.
  • the conditions of the conditions of hot pressing and cold pressing are wider, and can be adjusted according to specific needs.
  • the conditions of the hot pressing include: a temperature of hot pressing of 120 ° C or higher, preferably 150-240 ° C ; and a board per square meter (single-sided area of the smallest single-board),
  • the pressure is 16 tons or more, preferably 32-340 tons.
  • the conditions of the cold pressing include: the temperature of the cold pressing is 90 ° C or less, preferably 0-75 ° C ; the pressure is 16 tons per square meter of the veneer (single-sided area of the smallest veneer surface) Above, it is preferably 25-405 tons.
  • the temperature of the hot pressing and the temperature of the cold pressing refer to the surface temperature of a member which is subjected to hot pressing and cold pressing, such as a platen machine, which is in contact with the veneer.
  • the optional range of hot pressing and cold pressing time in the present invention is wider, and may be selected according to the total thickness of all the veneers to be pressed, preferably, relative to a veneer having a thickness of 1 mm.
  • the hot pressing time is 1-5 minutes, preferably 1.5-3 minutes; the cold pressing time is 1-5 Minutes, preferably 1.5-3 minutes.
  • the plastic film may be used in a wide range of options.
  • the plastic film is used in an amount of 50 g/m 2 or more, preferably 70 to 200 g/m 2 .
  • the above amount means that the plastic film is used in an amount of 50 g or more, preferably 70 to 200 g, per square meter of the bonding surface.
  • the gluing surface refers to the surface of the veneer in which the surface is small.
  • the plastic film may be various plastic films of the prior art.
  • the composition of the plastic film contains one of polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene and ethylene propylene copolymer.
  • the plastic film contains one or more of polyethylene, polypropylene and ethylene propylene copolymer.
  • the use of the above plastic film can solve the problem of formaldehyde contamination caused by the use of an existing adhesive such as urea resin as a binder.
  • the thickness of the plastic film may be selected from a wide range.
  • the plastic film has a thickness of 0.05 to 1.2 mm, preferably 0.07 to 0.12 mm.
  • the present invention has no particular requirement for the meltability of the plastic film, but it is preferred that the plastic film has a melting temperature of 120 to 240 °C.
  • the single board may be a variety of boards commonly used in the field.
  • the board is one or more of a solid wood veneer, a wood plastic veneer, and a wood stone veneer, and is particularly preferably
  • the veneer is a solid wood veneer.
  • the wood-plastic veneer in the present invention refers to a veneer made of a mixture of plastic and wood flour, and the veneer veneer refers to a veneer made of gypsum or cement mixed with wood flour.
  • the present invention has no special requirements on the material of the solid wood veneer, and may be, for example, poplar, eucalyptus or pine.
  • the present invention has no special requirement for the thickness of the veneer.
  • the veneer has a thickness of 0.02-0.5 cm, preferably 0.1-0.2 cm.
  • the present invention has no special requirements on the number of layers of the single board, and may be selected according to specific needs.
  • the number of layers of the single board may be 2-50 layers, preferably 3-20 layers.
  • the water content of the veneer has a wide range of options.
  • the water content of the veneer is 5% by weight or less, preferably 1-4% by weight based on the total weight of the veneer.
  • the invention has no special requirements for realizing the method of hot pressing and cold pressing.
  • the hot pressing and the cold pressing can be realized by the pressing machine, and the single board to be pressed can be placed into two flat metal templates which are divided into upper and lower parts (or Between the pads), lock the upper and lower metal template (or pad) and the wood board (can be locked by various mechanical means, such as cards, anchors, bolts, etc.), up and down two templates (or pads) Pressure is applied between the plates to achieve hot pressing after hot pressing.
  • the method of the present invention when the cold pressing after the hot pressing is carried out in the latter manner, the method of the present invention generally further comprises the steps of: removing the template (or the backing plate) after the cold pressing.
  • the present invention has no special requirement for the type of the metal template.
  • the metal template is a steel plate.
  • the present invention has no special requirements on the type of the backing plate.
  • the backing plate is an aluminum plate or a stainless steel plate.
  • the invention adopts an inexpensive plastic film as the adhesive, has low production cost and simple process, and is tested according to the national standard for testing the multi-layer composite board.
  • the performance of the plywood produced by the embodiments of the present invention conforms to the national standard.
  • the surface of the plywood produced by the present invention can be used as a floor, a door panel, a skirting board, a furniture board, a cabinet board, etc., and can also be used for interior decoration boards.
  • the plywood produced in this example was immersed in boiling water at 100 ° C for 12 hours without cracking, and then dried at 120 ° C for 12 hours without cracking.
  • the performance of the plywood produced in this embodiment is in line with national standards.
  • the properties of the tested composite wood board include: The main strength index conforms to national standards such as GB/T 9846.3-2004, GB/T 11718-1999 and GB/T 4897.2-2003.
  • Gluing strength and immersion peeling can also meet GB/T 9846.3-2004 "plywood” class I plywood standard, GB/T 18103-2000 "solid wood composite floor” standard, Japanese structural laminated material standard JAS SE-9 use environment Requirements of 2, Japan's non-structural laminated material standard JAS SE-8; tensile yield strength meets the requirements of GB/T1040; impact toughness and flexural strength meet the requirements of GB/T 17657-1999; other indicators are in line with GB/ Requirements of T 17657-1999. Comparative example 1
  • Plywood was produced in accordance with the method of Example 1, except that the interval between hot pressing and cold pressing was 21 min, and plywood was obtained.
  • Plywood was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the interval between hot pressing and cold pressing was 30 min, and plywood was obtained.
  • Plywood was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the interval between hot pressing and cold pressing was 16 min, and plywood was obtained.
  • the plywood produced in this example was immersed in boiling water at 95 ° C for 30 hours without cracking, and then dried at 120 ° C for 11 hours without cracking; soaked in boiling water at 100 ° C After 12 hours, the glue layer cracked.
  • Plywood was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the interval between hot pressing and cold pressing was 18 min, and plywood was obtained.
  • the plywood produced in this example was immersed in boiling water at 90 ° C for 30 hours without cracking, and then dried at 120 ° C for 11 hours without cracking; soaked in boiling water at 100 ° C After 12 hours, the glue layer cracked.
  • plastic film film thickness 0.07mm, melting temperature 180 ° C
  • the amount of plastic film is 100g / m 2 ; using a platen machine (Shandong Linyi Woodworking Machinery Factory, processing size: 2440 X 1220mm) for pressing , first pressurizing at a pressure of 1000 tons and a temperature of 240 ° C for 13.5 minutes, after 5 minutes interval, Plywood was obtained by cold pressing at a pressure of 80 tons and a temperature of 0 ° C for 27 minutes.
  • the plywood produced in this example was immersed in boiling water at 100 ° C for 12 hours without cracking, and then dried at 120 ° C for 12 hours without cracking.
  • 11 solid wood veneers 5 veneers in solid wood veneer are beech veneers (water content is 2% by weight), 6 veneers are poplar veneers (water content is 1% by weight), poplar veneer Interlaced with the coffin veneers, the thickness of the veneers is 0.2 cm, and a polyethylene plastic film is evenly laid between the two solid wood veneers (film thickness 0.1mm, melting temperature 190 ° C) , the amount of plastic film is 160g / m 2 ; using a platen machine (Shandong Linyi Woodworking Machinery Factory, processing size: 2440 X 1220mm) for pressing, first at a pressure of 600 tons, the temperature is 160 °C, hot pressing 60 Minutes, after lOmin interval, cold pressing for 33 minutes at a pressure of 1200 tons and a temperature of 75 ° C, that is, plywood.
  • a platen machine Handong Linyi Woodworking Machinery Factory, processing size: 2440 X 1220mm
  • the plywood produced in this example was immersed in boiling water at 100 ° C for 12 hours without cracking, and then dried at 120 ° C for 12 hours without cracking.
  • the upper and lower steel plates and the wooden board to be pressed are bolted, first at pressure 200 tons, the temperature is 170 ° C under the conditions of hot pressing for 7 minutes, after 15 minutes interval, at a pressure of 300 tons, the temperature is 30 ° C under cold conditions for 10 minutes, and then remove the steel plate, that is, plywood.
  • the plywood produced in this example was immersed in boiling water at 100 ° C for 12 hours without cracking, and then dried at 120 ° C for 12 hours without cracking; in boiling water at 100 ° C There is cracking after soaking for 28 hours.
  • Plywood was produced in accordance with the method of Example 6, except that the interval between hot pressing and cold pressing was 10 min, and plywood was obtained.
  • the plywood produced in this example was immersed in boiling water at 100 ° C for 30 hours without cracking, and then dried at 120 ° C for 25 hours without cracking.
  • Plywood was produced in accordance with the method of Example 6, except that the interval between hot pressing and cold pressing was 1 min, and plywood was obtained.
  • the plywood produced in this example was immersed in boiling water at 100 ° C for 28 hours without cracking, and then dried at 120 ° C for 20 hours without cracking.
  • the performance of the plywood produced in this embodiment is also in line with national standards.
  • the plywood produced in this example was immersed in hot water at 75 ° C for 32 hours without cracking, and no cracking was observed after drying for 3 hours. After immersing in boiling water at 100 ° C for 12 hours, the glue layer was There is cracking.
  • Plywood was produced in accordance with the method of Example 9, except that the interval between hot pressing and cold pressing was 21 min, and plywood was obtained.
  • the plywood obtained by the present invention has a cement strength advantage as compared with the plywood obtained in Comparative Examples 1-3.

Abstract

一种制作胶合板的方法,其包括:在相邻的两单板之间均匀的铺上塑料膜,先热压后冷压;其中,热压和冷压的间隔时间为20min以内。采用该方法可显著地提高胶合板的耐水性、耐干燥性及牢固性,并且可降低对制作过程中其他参数的要求,该方法简单,对设备无特殊要求,非常适合大规模胶合板的工业化生产。

Description

一种制作胶合板的方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种制作胶合板的方法。 背景技术
装饰板, 俗称面板, 是将实木板精密刨切成厚度为 0.1mm以上的微薄 木皮, 以夹板为基材, 经过胶粘工艺制作而成的具有单面或双面装饰作用 的装饰板材。
甲醛具有较强黏合性, 还具有加强板材的硬度及防虫、 防腐的功能, 因此现有板材的黏合剂大都是以甲醛为主要成分的树脂类黏合剂, 在紫外 线、 温度、 阳光的共同作用下, 这些黏合剂大量分解, 游离甲醛也就在室 内四处游走, 板材中残留的未参与化学反应的甲醛会逐渐的向周围环境放 射, 这是形成室内空气中甲醛的主体。
甲醛是无色、 具有强烈气味的刺激性气体, 其 35%-40%的甲醛水溶液 通称福尔马林。 甲醛是原浆毒物, 能与蛋白质结合, 吸入高浓度甲醛后, 会出现呼吸道的严重刺激和水肿、 眼刺痛、 头痛, 也可发生支气管哮喘。 皮肤直接接触甲醛, 可引起皮炎、 色斑、 坏死。 经常吸入少量甲醛, 能引 起慢性中毒, 出现粘膜充血、 皮肤刺激症、 过敏性皮炎、 指甲角化和脆弱、 甲床指端疼痛等。 全身症状有头痛、 乏力、 胃纳差、 心悸、 失眠、 体重减 轻以及植物神经紊乱等。
由于甲醛对身体极其有害, 近几年来, 研究者均致力于寻找有效的无 甲醛装饰板的制作方法。
例如, 授权公告号为 CN1128186C的中国发明专利公开了一种无甲醛 的防火防水装饰板,该装饰板以植物纤维粉为主要原料,以不含甲醛的 PVC 树脂粉作为粘合剂, 按照一定的工艺制备而成。 由于该装饰板是以植物纤 维粉为主要原料而不是以木板为原料, 所以该专利没有解决传统的装饰板 (以实木板为主要成分) 所普遍存在的甲醛污染问题。
又如, 授权公告号为 CN1164420C的中国发明专利公开了一种环保复 合装饰板, 该复合装饰板采用无毒的白胶作为粘合剂, 其缺陷是该复合装 饰板仍含有一定量的甲醛(甲醛含量达到 0.81mg/L), 此外, 该装饰板还存 在制备成本高、 制备工艺复杂等问题, 有待克服。 还有众多此类研究, 在 此不一一例举。
在上述研究的基础上, CN101554741A公开了一种无甲醛装饰板的制备 方法, 该方法通过在每相邻的两实木单板之间均匀的铺上塑料薄膜, 热压 后接着冷压, 得到装饰板。 优选的实施方式中, 先热压后冷压, 热压的温 度为 120-140°C, 热压的时间为 5-45min; 冷压的温度为 30-40 °C, 冷压和热 压的压力均为 100-600 吨, 冷压的时间为 5-45min; 最终得到的装饰板在 65-75 °C的水中浸泡 30个小时不开裂, 并且再烘干 3小时也未见开裂。该方 法虽然有效的改善了无甲醛装饰板的耐水性和耐干燥性, 然而随着当今社 会生活质量的进一步提高, 人们对装饰板的各项性能也要求越来越高, 因 此, 继续找寻更好的耐水性和耐干燥性等多项性能更好的无甲醛释放的装 饰板的制作方法也将成为越来越严峻的课题。 发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种耐水性、 耐干燥性及牢固性更好的制作胶合 板的方法。
本发明提供了一种制作胶合板的方法, 所述胶合板由两个以上的单板 压贴而成, 该方法包括: 在相邻的两单板之间铺上塑料膜, 先热压后冷压; 其中, 热压和冷压的间隔时间为 20min以内。
本发明的方法具有如下优势: (1 ) 与间隔时间不在本发明的范围内的 方法相比, 可以在其它条件 (例如, 塑料膜用量、 热压和冷压的温度和时 间) 相同的情况下, 显著地提高得到的胶合板的耐水性、 耐干燥性及牢固 性; (2 ) 在需要获得相同效果的情况下 (如基本相同的耐水性、 耐干燥性 及牢固性), 较与间隔时间不在本发明的范围内的方法相比, 其对制作过程 中的参数的要求更低 (例如, 塑料膜用量减少、 热压和冷压的时间缩短); (3 ) 本发明的方法简单, 对设备无特殊要求, 非常适合大规模的胶合板的 工业化生产。 具体实施方式
根据本发明, 本发明的制作胶合板的方法包括: 在相邻的两单板之间 铺上塑料膜, 先热压后冷压; 其中, 热压和冷压的间隔时间在 20min以内。
按照本发明, 本发明中只要控制热压和冷压的间隔时间在本发明的前 述范围内即可实现本发明的目的, 而在此基础上为了进一步提高胶合板的 各项性能指标, 本发明的发明人发现, 可以通过控制所述热压和冷压的间 隔时间为 0.1-15min, 进一步优选为 l-10min来实现。
本发明中, 所述热压和冷压的条件的可选范围较宽, 其可以根据具体 需要进行调整。优选情况下, 所述热压的条件包括: 热压的温度为 120°C以 上, 优选为 150-240°C ; 相对于每平方米的单板(表面最小的单板的单面面 积), 压力为 16吨以上, 优选为 32-340吨。 所述冷压的条件包括: 冷压的 温度为 90°C以下, 优选为 0-75°C ; 相对于每平方米的单板 (表面最小的单 板的单面面积), 压力为 16吨以上, 优选为 25-405吨。 本发明中, 所述热 压的温度和冷压的温度是指实施热压和冷压的机器如压板机与单板接触的 部件的表面温度。
本发明中所述热压和冷压的时间的可选范围较宽, 具体可以根据所要 压的所有单板层的总厚度进行选择, 优选情况下, 相对于 1 毫米厚度的单 板,所述热压的时间为 1-5分钟,优选为 1.5-3分钟; 所述冷压的时间为 1-5 分钟, 优选为 1.5-3分钟。
本发明中, 所述塑料膜的用量的可选范围较宽, 优选情况下, 所述塑 料膜的用量为 50g/m2以上,优选为 70-200g/m2。上述用量是指相对于每平方 米的胶合面, 塑料膜的用量为 50g以上, 优选为 70-200g。 对于相互胶合的 相邻两个单板, 胶合面是指其中表面较小的单板的表面。
本发明中, 所述塑料膜可以为现有技术的各种塑料膜, 优选情况下, 所述塑料膜的组成成分中含有聚乙烯、 聚氯乙烯、 聚丙烯和乙丙烯共聚物 中的一种或多种, 特别优选所述塑料膜含有聚乙烯、 聚丙烯和乙丙烯共聚 物中的一种或多种。 使用上述塑料膜可以解决使用现有胶粘剂如脲醛树脂 作为粘合剂带来的甲醛污染问题。
本发明中, 所述塑料膜的厚度的可选范围较宽, 优选情况下, 所述塑 料膜的厚度为 0.05-1.2mm, 优选为 0.07-0.12mm。
本发明对所述塑料膜的熔融性无特殊要求, 但优选所述塑料膜的熔融 温度为 120-240 °C。
本发明中, 所述单板可以为本领域常用的各种单板, 优选情况下, 所 述单板为实木单板、 木塑单板和木石单板中的一种或多种, 特别优选所述 单板为实木单板。 本发明中所述木塑单板指的是由塑料和木粉混合制成的 单板, 所述木石单板指的是由石膏或水泥与木粉混合制成的单板。
本发明对所述实木单板的材质无特殊要求, 例如可以为杨木、 桉木或 松木。
本发明对所述单板的厚度无特殊要求, 优选情况下, 所述单板的厚度 为 0.02-0.5cm, 优选为 0.1-0.2cm。
本发明对所述单板的层数无特殊要求, 可以根据具体需要进行选择, 一般情况下, 所述单板的层数可以为 2-50层, 优选为 3-20层。
本发明中, 所述单板的含水率的可选范围较宽, 优选情况下, 以单板 的总重计, 所述单板的含水量为 5重量%以下, 优选为 1-4重量%。 本发明对实现热压和冷压的方式无特殊要求, 例如可以通过压板机实 现先热压后冷压, 也可以将待压的单板放到两片平整的分为上下的金属模 板 (或垫板) 之间, 将上下两金属模板 (或垫板) 与木板锁定 (可采用各 种机械方式进行锁定, 例如可采用卡、 锚钉、 上螺栓等方式), 向上下两模 板 (或垫板) 之间施加压力来实现先热压后冷压。
本发明中, 当采用前述后种方式实现先热压后冷压时, 本发明的方法 一般还包括以下步骤: 在冷压之后, 去掉模板 (或垫板)。
本发明对所述金属模板的种类无特殊要求, 优选情况下, 所述金属模 板为钢板。
本发明对所述垫板的种类无特殊要求, 优选情况下, 所述垫板为铝板 或不锈钢板。
本发明采用廉价的塑料膜为粘合剂, 生产成本低, 工艺简捷, 按照国 家对多层复合木板的检测标准进行检测, 本发明各实施例所制作的胶合板 的各项性能均符合国家标准。
将本发明所制作的胶合板的表面粘上实木木皮后可用做地板、 门板、 踢脚板、 家具板、 橱柜板等, 也可用于室内装饰用板材。
下面结合具体实施例来进一步描述本发明, 本发明的优点和特点将会 随着描述而更为清楚。 但这些实施例仅是范例性的, 并不对本发明的范围 构成任何限制。 本领域技术人员应该理解的是, 在不偏离本发明的精神和 范围下可以对本发明技术方案的细节和形式进行修改或替换, 但这些修改 和替换均落入本发明的保护范围内。 实施例 1
实木单板 3块, 均为杨木单板, 单板的厚度均为 0.1厘米, 单板含水量 为 1 重量%, 在相邻的两实木单板之间均匀的铺上聚丙烯塑料膜 (膜厚 0.07mm, 熔融温度为 160°C ), 聚丙烯塑料膜的用量为 70g/m2; 采用压板机 (山东临沂木工机械厂生产, 加工尺寸: 2440 X 1220mm)进行压合, 先在 压力为 100吨, 温度为 150°C的条件下热压 8分钟, 间隔 O.lmin后, 在压 力为 600吨, 温度为 10°C的条件下冷压 6分钟, 即得胶合板。
经检测, 本实施例所制作的胶合板在 100°C的沸水中浸泡 12个小时不 开裂, 再在 120°C下连续烘干 12个小时也未见有开裂现象。
按照国家对多层复合木板的检测标准进行检测, 本实施例所制作的胶 合板的各项性能均符合国家标准。在本实施例以及以下的实施例 2-9中,检 测的复合木板的性能包括: 主要强度指标符合 GB/T 9846.3-2004、 GB/T 11718-1999和 GB/T 4897.2-2003等国家标准的要求; 胶合强度和浸渍剥离 也能分别满足 GB/T 9846.3-2004 《胶合板》 I类胶合板标准、 GB/T 18103-2000 《实木复合地板》标准、 日本结构集成材标准 JAS SE-9中使用 环境 2的要求、 日本非结构集成材标准 JAS SE-8的规定; 拉伸屈服强度符 合 GB/T1040的要求; 冲击韧性、 抗弯强度符合 GB/T 17657-1999的要求; 其余指标均符合 GB/T 17657-1999的要求。 对比例 1
按照实施例 1 的方法制作胶合板, 不同的是热压和冷压之间间隔时间 为 21min, 得到胶合板。
经检测,制作得到的胶合板在 75°C的热水中浸泡 30个小时胶合层不开 裂, 再连续烘干 3.5个小时也未见有开裂现象; 在 100 °C的沸水中浸泡 10 个小时后胶合层有开裂现象。 对比例 2
按照实施例 1 的方法制作胶合板, 不同的是热压和冷压之间间隔时间 为 30min, 得到胶合板。
经检测, 制作得到的胶合板在 68 °C的热水中浸泡 30个小时不开裂, 再 烘干 3个小时也未见开裂;在 100 °C的沸水中浸泡 10个小时后有开裂现象。 实施例 2
按照实施例 1 的方法制作胶合板, 不同的是热压和冷压之间的间隔时 间为 16min, 得到胶合板。
经检测,本实施例所制作的胶合板在 95 °C的沸水中浸泡 30个小时不开 裂, 再在 120°C下烘干 11个小时也未见有开裂现象; 在 100°C的沸水中浸 泡 12个小时后胶合层有开裂现象。
按照国家对多层复合木板的检测标准进行检测, 本实施例所制作的胶 合板的各项性能也均符合国家标准。 实施例 3
按照实施例 1 的方法制作胶合板, 不同的是热压和冷压之间的间隔时 间为 18min, 得到胶合板。
经检测,本实施例所制作的胶合板在 90°C的沸水中浸泡 30个小时不开 裂, 再在 120 °C下烘干 11个小时也未见有开裂现象; 在 100 °C的沸水中浸 泡 12个小时后胶合层有开裂现象。
按照国家对多层复合木板的检测标准进行检测, 本实施例所制作的胶 合板的各项性能也均符合国家标准。 实施例 4
实木单板 6块, 均为桉木单板, 单板的厚度均为 0.15厘米, 单板含水 量为 2重量%,将每相临的两实木单板之间均匀的铺上由乙丙烯共聚物制成 的塑料膜(膜厚 0.07mm, 熔融温度为 180°C ), 塑料薄膜的用量是 100g/m2 ; 采用压板机(山东临沂木工机械厂, 加工尺寸: 2440 X 1220mm)进行压合, 先在压力为 1000吨, 温度为 240°C的条件下热压 13.5分钟, 间隔 5min后, 在压力为 80吨, 温度为 0°C的条件下冷压 27分钟, 即得胶合板。
经检测, 本实施例所制作的胶合板在 100°C的沸水中浸泡 12个小时不 开裂, 再在 120°C下连续烘干 12个小时也未见有开裂现象。
按照国家对多层复合木板的检测标准进行检测, 本实施例所制作的胶 合板的各项性能也均符合国家标准。 实施例 5
实木单板 11块,实木单板中 5块单板为桉木单板(含水量为 2重量%), 6块单板为杨木单板(含水量为 1重量%), 杨木单板和桉木单板交错叠放, 单板的厚度均为 0.2厘米,将每相临的两实木单板之间均匀的铺上聚乙烯塑 料膜(膜厚 0.1mm, 熔融温度为 190°C ), 塑料薄膜的用量是 160g/m2 ; 采用 压板机 (山东临沂木工机械厂, 加工尺寸: 2440 X 1220mm) 进行压合, 先 在压力为 600吨, 温度为 160 °C的条件下热压 60分钟, 间隔 lOmin后, 在 压力为 1200吨, 温度为 75°C的条件下冷压 33分钟, 即得胶合板。
经检测, 本实施例所制作的胶合板在 100 °C的沸水中浸泡 12个小时不 开裂, 再在 120°C下连续烘干 12个小时也未见有开裂现象。
按照国家对多层复合木板的检测标准进行检测, 本实施例所制作的胶 合板的各项性能也均符合国家标准。 实施例 6
实木单板 3块, 分别为杨木单板 (含水量为 1重量%)、 桉木单板 (含 水量为 2重量%)、松木单板(含水量为 4重量%),单板的厚度均为 0.15cm; 将需要压合的每相邻的两实木单板之间均匀的铺上聚丙烯塑料膜 (膜厚
0.12mm, 熔融温度为 240°C ), 塑料膜的用量是 200g/m2 ; 将待压合的加了 塑料膜的 3 块木板放到两片平整的分为上下的钢板 (加工尺寸: 2440 X
1220mm)之间, 将上下两钢板与待压合的木板采用螺栓锁定, 先在压力为 200吨, 温度为 170°C的条件下热压 7分钟, 间隔 15min后, 在压力为 300 吨, 温度为 30°C的条件下冷压 10分钟, 再去掉钢板, 即得胶合板。
经检测, 本实施例所制作的胶合板在 100°C的沸水中浸泡 12个小时不 开裂, 再在 120°C下连续烘干 12个小时也未见有开裂现象; 在 100°C的沸 水中浸泡 28个小时存在开裂现象。
按照国家对多层复合木板的检测标准进行检测, 本实施例所制作的胶 合板的各项性能也均符合国家标准。 实施例 7
按照实施例 6 的方法制作胶合板, 不同的是热压和冷压之间的间隔时 间为 10min, 得到胶合板。
经检测, 本实施例所制作的胶合板在 100 °C的沸水中浸泡 30个小时不 开裂, 再在 120°C下烘干 25个小时也未见有开裂现象。
按照国家对多层复合木板的检测标准进行检测, 本实施例所制作的胶 合板的各项性能也均符合国家标准。 实施例 8
按照实施例 6 的方法制作胶合板, 不同的是热压和冷压之间的间隔时 间为 lmin, 得到胶合板。
经检测, 本实施例所制作的胶合板在 100 °C的沸水中浸泡 28个小时不 开裂, 再在 120°C下烘干 20个小时也未见有开裂现象。
按照国家对多层复合木板的检测标准进行检测, 本实施例所制作的胶 合板的各项性能也均符合国家标准。 0.3cm,在相邻的两实木单板之间均匀的铺上聚乙烯塑料薄膜(膜厚 1.2mm, 熔融温度为 180°C ), 聚乙烯塑料薄膜的用量是 50g/m2; 采用压板机 (山东 临沂木工机械厂生产, 加工尺寸: 2440 X 1220mm)进行压合, 先在压力为 60吨, 温度为 120°C的条件下热压 1分钟, 间隔 O.lmin后, 在压力为 60 吨, 温度为 80°C的条件下冷压 2分钟, 即得胶合板。
经检测,本实施例所制作的胶合板在 75 °C的热水中浸泡 32个小时不开 裂, 再烘干 3个小时也未见开裂, 在 100°C的沸水中浸泡 12个小时后胶合 层有开裂现象。
按照国家对多层复合木板的检测标准进行检测, 本实施例所制作的胶 合板的各项性能也均符合国家标准。 对比例 3
按照实施例 9 的方法制作胶合板, 不同的是热压和冷压之间的间隔时 间为 21min, 得到胶合板。
经检测,制作得到的胶合板在 75 °C的热水中浸泡 32个小时后有开裂现 象。 由此可以看出,本发明得到的胶合板相比于对比例 1-3得到的胶合板具 有胶合强度优势。

Claims

权利要求
1、 一种制作胶合板的方法, 所述胶合板由两个以上的单板压贴而成, 该方法包括: 在相邻的两单板之间铺上塑料膜, 先热压后冷压; 其特征在 于, 热压和冷压的间隔时间为 20min以内。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其中, 所述热压和冷压的间隔时间为 0.1-15min, 优选为 l-10min。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其中, 所述热压的条件包括: 热压的 温度为 120°C以上, 优选为 150-240 °C ; 相对于每平方米的单板, 压力为 16 吨以上, 优选为 32-340吨。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其中, 所述冷压的条件包括: 冷压的 温度为 90°C以下, 优选为 0-75°C ; 相对于每平方米的单板, 压力为 16吨以 上, 优选为 25-405吨。
5、 根据权利要求 1-4中任意一项所述的方法, 其中, 相对于 1毫米厚 度的单板, 所述热压的时间为 1-5分钟, 优选为 1.5-3分钟; 所述冷压的时 间为 1-5分钟, 优选为 1.5-3分钟。
6、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其中, 所述塑料膜的用量为 50g/m2以 上, 优选为 70-200g/m2
7、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其中, 所述塑料膜的组成成分中含有 聚乙烯、 聚氯乙烯、 聚丙烯和乙丙烯共聚物中的一种或多种, 优选含有聚 乙烯、 聚丙烯和乙丙烯共聚物中的一种或多种。
8、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其中, 所述单板为实木单板、 木塑单 板和木石单板中的一种或多种, 优选为实木单板; 所述单板的厚度为 0.02-0.5cm, 优选为 0.1-0.2cm。
9、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其中, 以单板的总重计, 所述单板的 含水量为 5重量%以内, 优选为 1-4重量%。
10、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其中, 所述单板的层数为 2-50层, 优选为 3-20层。
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