CN105627280B - A kind of lignite semi-coke combustion with meagre oxygen boiler - Google Patents

A kind of lignite semi-coke combustion with meagre oxygen boiler Download PDF

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CN105627280B
CN105627280B CN201610153272.4A CN201610153272A CN105627280B CN 105627280 B CN105627280 B CN 105627280B CN 201610153272 A CN201610153272 A CN 201610153272A CN 105627280 B CN105627280 B CN 105627280B
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combustion
cyclone cylinder
cyclone
boiler
firing chamber
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CN105627280A (en
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刘银河
车得福
张勇
张玉斌
杨天亮
李庚达
刘汉强
郭桦
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GUODIAN NEW ENERGY TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE
Yantai Longyuan Power Technology Co Ltd
Xian Jiaotong University
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GUODIAN NEW ENERGY TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE
Yantai Longyuan Power Technology Co Ltd
Xian Jiaotong University
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Priority to PCT/CN2016/080062 priority patent/WO2017156824A1/en
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23LSUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L9/00Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel 
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22STEAM GENERATION
    • F22BMETHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B31/00Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements or dispositions of combustion apparatus
    • F22B31/02Installation of water-tube boilers in chimneys, e.g. in converter chimneys
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22STEAM GENERATION
    • F22BMETHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B31/00Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements or dispositions of combustion apparatus
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23CMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/02Disposition of air supply not passing through burner

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of lignite semi-coke combustion with meagre oxygen boiler, including some cyclone cylinder lean-oxygen burners and boiler body;Boiler body includes dual firing chamber, is arranged at the boiler heating surface and exhaust opening on dual firing chamber top;Cyclone cylinder lean-oxygen burner is an inverted Adiabatic Cyclone separator with central tube;The dual firing chamber of the cyclone cylinder lean-oxygen burner connection boiler body.Lignite semi-coke powder tangentially or is cut to the annular space entered between central tube and cyclone cylinder under primary air effect, be formed as high-temp combustion gasification zone in the bottom of annular space, excess air coefficient is kept to be less than 1 in this region, maintenance reaction is combustion with meagre oxygen atmosphere;Flue gas containing fuel gas enters dual firing chamber, and fully burning generation high-temperature flue gas is up respectively by each heating surface of boiler of tower arrangement, completes heat transfer, flue gas is reduced to certain exhaust gas temperature.Combustion intensity of the present invention is high, retention efficiency is high, pollutant emission is low, load regulation range is wide.

Description

一种褐煤半焦贫氧燃烧锅炉A lignite semi-coke lean oxygen combustion boiler

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及锅炉技术领域,特别涉及一种褐煤半焦贫氧燃烧锅炉。The invention relates to the technical field of boilers, in particular to a lignite semi-coke oxygen-poor combustion boiler.

背景技术Background technique

褐煤是一种低阶煤,我国和世界的储量巨大,但褐煤的含水量高,挥发分高,易于自燃,不利于运输,制约了褐煤的大规模利用。将褐煤提质,分级分质综合利用,对于褐煤的开发具有重要意义。Lignite is a low-rank coal with huge reserves in my country and the world. However, lignite has high water content, high volatile matter, easy spontaneous combustion, and is not conducive to transportation, which restricts the large-scale utilization of lignite. It is of great significance for the development of lignite to improve the quality of lignite and comprehensively utilize it by classification and quality.

在褐煤利用领域,中低温热解技术是一种较有发展前途的褐煤分级分质利用技术。热解固体产物褐煤半焦由于挥发分减少,水分减少,发热量提高,是一种较好的燃料,褐煤半焦的高效低污染利用对于褐煤分级分质利用综合能效提高具有举足轻重的作用。In the field of lignite utilization, medium and low temperature pyrolysis technology is a more promising technology for the utilization of lignite by classification and quality. The pyrolysis solid product lignite semi-coke is a kind of better fuel due to the reduction of volatile matter, moisture content and calorific value. The high-efficiency and low-pollution utilization of lignite semi-coke plays a pivotal role in improving the comprehensive energy efficiency of lignite classification and utilization.

褐煤半焦可用于气化炉原料制造煤气,也可以用于锅炉燃料直接燃烧生产热能。其中用于锅炉直接燃烧加热工质生产热水或蒸汽是最直接的利用方法。但由于褐煤半焦挥发分的显著减少,其着火性能受到影响。开发一种燃烧性能稳定,污染物排放低的燃褐煤半焦的锅炉至关重要。Lignite semi-coke can be used as raw material for gasifier to produce gas, and can also be used for direct combustion of boiler fuel to produce heat energy. Among them, it is the most direct method to use the boiler to directly burn the heating medium to produce hot water or steam. However, due to the significant reduction of volatile components of lignite semi-coke, its ignition performance is affected. It is very important to develop a lignite semi-coke-fired boiler with stable combustion performance and low pollutant emissions.

当前,固体燃料煤和煤焦的主要燃烧方式有三种:层燃炉、流化床炉和煤粉炉。煤粉炉是电站锅炉的最主要燃烧方式。At present, there are three main combustion methods of solid fuel coal and coal coke: bed furnace, fluidized bed furnace and pulverized coal furnace. Pulverized coal furnace is the main combustion method of power plant boiler.

还有一种燃烧方式旋风燃烧也曾得到较多的应用。旋风燃烧是人为组织的一种稳定可控的高速旋转火焰,燃烧火焰充满度较高,扰动能力极其强烈,适用于粉、屑状固体燃料的燃烧过程,比一般的室燃方式具有更高的热强度。由于固体燃料在燃烧室中存在一定的积蓄量,在旋风炉中具有相当长的滞留时间,有助于维持燃烧过程的连续性。灼热的熔渣膜蓄积一定的热量,是极稳定的燃烧床,可以维持燃烧过程的稳定性。旋风燃烧具有燃烧强度高、捕渣率高、燃烧稳定等优点,但由于析铁、氢爆、排渣困难以及污染物如氮氧化物排放高等问题,其应用受到一定的限制。Another combustion method, cyclone combustion, has also been widely used. Cyclone combustion is a stable and controllable high-speed rotating flame artificially organized. It has a high degree of fullness of the combustion flame and extremely strong disturbance ability. It is suitable for the combustion process of powder and crumb solid fuels. heat intensity. Since there is a certain accumulation of solid fuel in the combustion chamber, it has a relatively long residence time in the cyclone furnace, which helps to maintain the continuity of the combustion process. The hot slag film accumulates a certain amount of heat and is an extremely stable combustion bed, which can maintain the stability of the combustion process. Cyclone combustion has the advantages of high combustion intensity, high slag collection rate, and stable combustion. However, its application is limited due to problems such as iron precipitation, hydrogen explosion, difficulty in slag removal, and high emissions of pollutants such as nitrogen oxides.

在节能减排的大背景下,燃煤电厂承担着重要的电力调峰任务,要求电站锅炉能够在宽广的负荷范围内稳定高效运行。现有电站锅炉通常存在燃烧的稳定性高效性和锅炉的低负荷运行之间的矛盾。因此,有必要提出一种新的燃烧锅炉,既能实现高效低污染燃烧,也能够实现较大的负荷调节性。Under the background of energy conservation and emission reduction, coal-fired power plants undertake the important task of power peak regulation, requiring power plant boilers to be able to operate stably and efficiently within a wide load range. The existing utility boilers usually have a contradiction between the stability and high efficiency of combustion and the low-load operation of the boiler. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a new combustion boiler, which can not only achieve high-efficiency and low-pollution combustion, but also achieve greater load regulation.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明的目的在于提供一种褐煤半焦贫氧燃烧锅炉,以解决现有煤粉炉锅炉燃烧强度低、负荷调节范围窄、污染物排放超标的问题;本发明锅炉具有燃烧强度高、捕渣率高、污染物排放低、负荷调节范围广等优点。The object of the present invention is to provide a lignite semi-coke oxygen-depleted combustion boiler to solve the problems of low combustion intensity, narrow load adjustment range and excessive pollutant discharge in the existing pulverized coal furnace boiler; the boiler of the present invention has high combustion intensity, slagging It has the advantages of high efficiency, low pollutant emission and wide load regulation range.

为达到以上目的,本发明是采取如下技术方案予以实现的:To achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved by taking the following technical solutions:

一种褐煤半焦贫氧燃烧锅炉,包括若干旋风筒贫氧燃烧装置和锅炉本体;锅炉本体包括二燃室、设置于二燃室上部的锅炉受热面和排烟口;旋风筒贫氧燃烧装置为一个倒置的带有中心筒的绝热旋风分离器;所述旋风筒贫氧燃烧装置连接锅炉本体的二燃室。A lignite semi-coke oxygen-depleted combustion boiler, including several cyclone oxygen-lean combustion devices and a boiler body; the boiler body includes a secondary combustion chamber, a boiler heating surface and a smoke exhaust port arranged on the upper part of the secondary combustion chamber; the cyclone oxygen-deficient combustion device It is an inverted adiabatic cyclone separator with a central cylinder; the oxygen-lean combustion device of the cyclone is connected to the secondary combustion chamber of the boiler body.

进一步的,旋风筒贫氧燃烧装置包括旋风筒、中心筒、烟气导管和二次风旋流器;旋风筒的下部侧壁上设有一次风口;旋风筒的底部中心开有通孔,中心筒穿过旋风筒底部的通孔伸入旋风筒内部,中心筒顶部为通孔且与旋风筒顶部内壁间隔设置,中心筒与旋风筒连接处密封;旋风筒内位于一次风口的下方设有熔融渣池,熔融渣池的底部设有第一排渣口;中心筒的底部设有第二排渣口,烟气导管一端垂直连接中心筒,另一端连接二燃室。Further, the cyclone lean oxygen combustion device includes a cyclone, a central tube, a flue gas duct and a secondary wind cyclone; the lower side wall of the cyclone is provided with a primary tuyere; the center of the bottom of the cyclone has a through hole, and the center The cylinder passes through the through hole at the bottom of the cyclone and extends into the inside of the cyclone. The top of the central cylinder is a through hole and is spaced from the inner wall of the top of the cyclone. Slag pool, the bottom of the molten slag pool is provided with a first slag discharge port; the bottom of the central cylinder is provided with a second slag discharge port, one end of the flue gas conduit is vertically connected to the central cylinder, and the other end is connected to the second combustion chamber.

进一步的,在烟气导管与二燃室的入口处设有用于送入补燃二次风的二次风旋流器。Further, a secondary air swirler for feeding secondary air for supplementary combustion is provided at the entrance of the flue gas duct and the secondary combustion chamber.

进一步的,一次风口向下倾斜设置。Further, the primary tuyere is set on a downward slope.

进一步的,每个旋风筒侧壁上设有两个用于在旋风筒中形成旋风的一次风口。Further, two primary air outlets for forming a cyclone in the cyclone are provided on the side wall of each cyclone.

进一步的,锅炉受热面塔式布置。Further, the heating surface of the boiler is arranged in tower type.

进一步的,褐煤半焦粉在一次空气作用下沿切向或割向从旋风筒下部一次风口进入中心筒和旋风筒之间的环形空间,在环形空间的下部形成为高温燃烧气化区,在这个区域保持过量空气系数小于1,维持反应为贫氧燃烧氛围;生成烟气在旋风筒内强烈旋转脱除液态熔渣,然后烟气通过二燃室与旋风筒之间的烟气导管进入二燃室,在进入二燃室时补充部分二次空气,以旋转射流进入二燃室;烟气在二燃室内充分燃烧并进一步放热,然后生成高温烟气上行分别通过塔式布置的锅炉各个受热面,完成传热,将烟气降低至排烟温度后从排烟口排出。Further, under the action of the primary air, the lignite semi-coke powder enters the annular space between the central cylinder and the cyclone from the primary air outlet at the lower part of the cyclone along the tangential or cutting direction, and forms a high-temperature combustion gasification zone at the lower part of the annular space. In this area, the excess air ratio is kept less than 1, and the reaction is maintained as an oxygen-lean combustion atmosphere; the generated flue gas is strongly rotated in the cyclone to remove liquid slag, and then the flue gas enters the second combustion chamber through the flue gas duct between the second combustion chamber and the cyclone. The combustion chamber, when entering the secondary combustion chamber, supplements part of the secondary air, and enters the secondary combustion chamber with a rotating jet; the flue gas is fully burned in the secondary combustion chamber and further exothermic, and then generates high-temperature flue gas to pass through the tower-type boilers respectively. The heating surface completes the heat transfer, reduces the flue gas to the exhaust temperature and then discharges it from the exhaust port.

进一步的,中心筒和旋风筒由氮化硅材料制成,中心筒和旋风筒之间形成的旋风燃烧室为绝热燃烧室。Further, the central cylinder and the cyclone are made of silicon nitride material, and the cyclone combustion chamber formed between the central cylinder and the cyclone is an adiabatic combustion chamber.

进一步的,二燃室内进行的燃烧为均相燃烧,过量空气系数为1.05~1.1。Further, the combustion in the secondary combustion chamber is homogeneous combustion, and the excess air ratio is 1.05-1.1.

进一步的,熔融渣池上方反应区的温度比灰熔融温度高100~200℃。Further, the temperature of the reaction zone above the molten slag pool is 100-200°C higher than the ash melting temperature.

进一步的,旋风筒贫氧燃烧装置为多个且均匀分布于锅炉本体外周。Further, there are multiple cyclone lean oxygen combustion devices and they are evenly distributed on the periphery of the boiler body.

与现有技术相比,本发明的优点是:Compared with prior art, the advantage of the present invention is:

1、旋风筒内采用熔融贫氧燃烧,将大部分燃料氮转化为氮气,在二燃室采用分级空气燃烧,降低了氮氧化物的排放。1. Molten oxygen-lean combustion is used in the cyclone to convert most of the fuel nitrogen into nitrogen, and graded air combustion is used in the second combustion chamber to reduce the emission of nitrogen oxides.

2、旋风筒环室空间内有较多的熔融渣形成渣池,渣池中的熔融灰分对残焦的气化燃烧起到催化和提供热源的作用,维持了燃烧的稳定性,提高了碳的转化率。每个旋风筒有2个对称布置的一次风进口,在旋风筒内形成强旋转气流;在旋风筒底部上方是有一定深度的熔融渣池,大颗粒的煤屑在熔渣渣池中快速热解和气化,实现高碳转化率;渣池下面开有排渣孔,旋风筒里的温度维持在灰熔融温度以上,可实现顺利液态排渣。2. There are more molten slag in the annular space of the cyclone to form a slag pool. The molten ash in the slag pool catalyzes the gasification and combustion of residual coke and provides heat source, which maintains the stability of combustion and improves the carbon conversion rate. Each cyclone has two symmetrically arranged primary air inlets, forming a strong swirling airflow in the cyclone; above the bottom of the cyclone is a molten slag pool with a certain depth, and large particles of coal chips are quickly heated in the molten slag pool. Decomposition and gasification to achieve high carbon conversion rate; there are slag discharge holes under the slag pool, and the temperature in the cyclone is maintained above the ash melting temperature, which can realize smooth liquid slag discharge.

3、渣池里的气化燃烧主要为碳氧放热反应,使得渣池处维持局部高温,有利于提高燃烧强度和提高熔融渣的流动性。3. The gasification combustion in the slag pool is mainly a carbon-oxygen exothermic reaction, which keeps the local high temperature in the slag pool, which is conducive to improving the combustion intensity and the fluidity of the molten slag.

4、旋风筒燃烧室里的强烈旋转气流,将焦渣甩到壁面而实现熔融液滴与烟气的分离,提高了补渣率,大大减轻了后续塔式锅炉受热面的沾污和后续的除尘负担。4. The strong swirling airflow in the cyclone combustion chamber throws the coke slag to the wall to realize the separation of molten droplets and flue gas, improves the slag filling rate, and greatly reduces the contamination of the subsequent tower boiler heating surface and the follow-up Dust removal burden.

5、在旋风筒和二燃室之间的中心管下部设有第二熔渣分离室,未来得及分离的液态渣进入这个渣池被捕捉,进一步减少了烟气中的飞灰份额实现液态渣与气体产物的尽可能分离。5. There is a second slag separation chamber at the lower part of the central tube between the cyclone and the second combustion chamber. The liquid slag that cannot be separated in the future enters this slag pool and is captured, further reducing the proportion of fly ash in the flue gas to achieve liquid slag Separate as much as possible from gaseous products.

6、在二燃室进口设有旋转射流的补充二次风,维持整体过量空气系数在较低的水平,在二燃室进行的主要是均相燃烧,降低了氮氧化物的生成。6. There is a supplementary secondary air of rotating jet at the entrance of the second combustion chamber to maintain the overall excess air coefficient at a low level. The main combustion in the second combustion chamber is homogeneous combustion, which reduces the formation of nitrogen oxides.

7、旋风筒、中心筒和绝热导管均采用氮化硅材料,提高了设备的耐热震性能。7. The cyclone, central tube and heat-insulating conduit are all made of silicon nitride, which improves the thermal shock resistance of the equipment.

8、一台锅炉可以配多个旋风筒贫氧燃烧设备。8. One boiler can be equipped with multiple cyclone lean oxygen combustion equipment.

附图说明Description of drawings

以下结合附图及具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的详细描述。The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

图1为本发明一种褐煤半焦贫氧燃烧锅炉的结构示意图;Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of lignite semi-coke oxygen-poor combustion boiler of the present invention;

图2为图1的俯视图。FIG. 2 is a top view of FIG. 1 .

图中:1、旋风筒;2、中心筒;3、锅炉受热面;4、排烟口;5、二燃室;6、二次风旋流器;7、烟气导管;8、第二排渣口;9、第一排渣口;10、熔融渣池;11、一次风口。In the figure: 1. Cyclone; 2. Central tube; 3. Boiler heating surface; 4. Smoke outlet; 5. Secondary combustion chamber; 6. Secondary wind cyclone; 7. Flue gas duct; Slag outlet; 9. First slag outlet; 10. Molten slag pool; 11. Primary tuyere.

具体实施方式detailed description

请参阅图1所示,本发明一种褐煤半焦贫氧燃烧锅炉,包括若干旋风筒贫氧燃烧装置和锅炉本体,两者卫星型布置。Please refer to Fig. 1, a lignite semi-coke oxygen-depleted combustion boiler of the present invention includes several cyclone oxygen-depleted combustion devices and a boiler body, both of which are arranged in a satellite shape.

锅炉本体的底部为二燃室5,二燃室5上部为塔式布置的锅炉受热面3,锅炉受热面3顶部设有排烟口4。The bottom of the boiler body is the secondary combustion chamber 5, the upper part of the secondary combustion chamber 5 is the boiler heating surface 3 arranged in a tower type, and the top of the boiler heating surface 3 is provided with a smoke exhaust port 4.

旋风筒贫氧燃烧装置包括旋风筒1、中心筒2、烟气导管7和二次风旋流器6。旋风筒1的下部侧壁上设有一次风口11,一次风口11微向下倾斜设置;每个旋风筒1侧壁上设有两个用于在旋风筒1中形成旋风的一次风口11。旋风筒1的底部中心开有通孔,中心筒2穿过旋风筒1底部的通孔伸入旋风筒1内部,中心筒2顶部为通孔且与旋风筒1顶部内壁间隔设置,中心筒2与旋风筒1连接处密封。旋风筒1内位于一次风口11的下方设有熔融渣池10,熔融渣池10的底部设有第一排渣口9。中心筒2的底部设有第二排渣口8,烟气导管7一端垂直连接中心筒2,另一端连接二燃室5,在烟气导管7与二燃室5的入口处设有二次风旋流器6,用于送入补燃的二次风。The cyclone lean oxygen combustion device includes a cyclone 1 , a central tube 2 , a flue gas duct 7 and a secondary air cyclone 6 . The lower side wall of the cyclone 1 is provided with a primary tuyere 11 which is slightly inclined downward; each side wall of the cyclone 1 is provided with two primary tuyeres 11 for forming a cyclone in the cyclone 1 . The center of the bottom of the cyclone 1 has a through hole, and the central tube 2 extends into the interior of the cyclone 1 through the through hole at the bottom of the cyclone 1, and the top of the central tube 2 is a through hole and is spaced from the inner wall of the top of the cyclone 1. The connection with the cyclone 1 is sealed. A molten slag pool 10 is provided in the cyclone 1 below the primary tuyere 11 , and a first slag discharge port 9 is provided at the bottom of the molten slag pool 10 . The bottom of the central cylinder 2 is provided with a second slag outlet 8, one end of the flue gas conduit 7 is vertically connected to the central cylinder 2, and the other end is connected to the secondary combustion chamber 5, and a secondary discharge port is provided at the entrance of the flue gas conduit 7 and the secondary combustion chamber 5. The wind cyclone 6 is used to send secondary air for supplementary combustion.

为了实现贫氧燃烧,褐煤半焦粉由一次空气和再循环烟气由微向下倾斜的一次风口11送入旋风筒1中熔融渣池10上方的环形区域,褐煤焦在强烈的高温熔渣加热作用下迅速热解并燃烧,一次空气的过量空气系数维持在小于1的范围内。小颗粒在气流的作用下迅速燃烧,由于强烈的湍流燃动,小颗粒的灰熔融液滴合并长大并在离心力的作用下甩到旋风筒1壁面上,在重力的作用下流入熔融渣池10,而大颗粒的焦粉也在离心力的作用下黏附在熔融渣膜上,在重力作用下缓慢流入熔融渣池10,残焦的颗粒边流动边发生气化和燃烧反应,流入熔融渣池10后停留时间显著增加,提高了碳的燃尽率。熔融渣池10上方反应区的温度采用调整过量空气系数和再循环烟气率控制,维持比灰熔融温度高100~200℃。熔融渣池10有较大的热容量,可以迅速完成残焦的气化燃烧。由于熔融渣池10内有一层熔渣,可保证渣池温度的稳定性和熔渣流动性,多余的熔渣由第一排渣口9排出。在环型反应区,生成的气体产物完成与熔渣的气液分离,气体从旋风筒1上部的折返区沿中心筒2向下并经过烟气导管7送入二燃室5。在烟气导管7与二燃室5的入口处通过二次风旋流器6送入补燃的二次风,在二燃室5里面以1.05~1.1的小过量空气系数完成完全燃烧。完全燃烧后生成的高温烟气从二燃室5向上,依次通过各锅炉受热面3,烟气与锅炉受热面3换热温度降低至一定的温度从排烟口4排出锅炉,系统中同时设置烟气再循环风机将一定量的排烟引入一次风口11。In order to realize oxygen-lean combustion, lignite semi-coke powder is sent into the annular area above the molten slag pool 10 in the cyclone 1 by the primary air and recirculated flue gas through the slightly downwardly inclined primary tuyere 11. Rapid pyrolysis and combustion under the action of heating, the excess air coefficient of the primary air is maintained within the range of less than 1. Small particles burn rapidly under the action of airflow. Due to the strong turbulent combustion, the molten ash droplets of small particles merge and grow up, and are thrown to the wall of cyclone 1 under the action of centrifugal force, and flow into the molten slag pool under the action of gravity. 10, and the coke powder with large particles also adheres to the molten slag film under the action of centrifugal force, and slowly flows into the molten slag pool 10 under the action of gravity, and the residual coke particles undergo gasification and combustion reactions while flowing, and flow into the molten slag pool After 10, the residence time is significantly increased, which improves the carbon burnout rate. The temperature of the reaction zone above the molten slag pool 10 is controlled by adjusting the excess air coefficient and the recirculation flue gas rate, and is kept 100-200°C higher than the ash melting temperature. The molten slag pool 10 has a large heat capacity, and can quickly complete the gasification and combustion of residual coke. Since there is a layer of molten slag in the molten slag pool 10 , the stability of the temperature of the slag pool and the fluidity of the molten slag can be guaranteed, and excess molten slag is discharged from the first slag discharge port 9 . In the annular reaction zone, the gas-liquid separation of the generated gas product and the slag is completed, and the gas is sent from the reentry zone on the upper part of the cyclone 1 down the central tube 2 and into the secondary combustion chamber 5 through the flue gas duct 7 . At the entrance of the flue gas duct 7 and the secondary combustion chamber 5, the secondary air for supplementary combustion is sent through the secondary air swirler 6, and the complete combustion is completed in the secondary combustion chamber 5 with a small excess air coefficient of 1.05-1.1. The high-temperature flue gas generated after complete combustion goes upward from the second combustion chamber 5 and passes through the heating surfaces 3 of each boiler in turn. A certain amount of exhaust smoke is introduced into the primary tuyere 11 by the flue gas recirculation fan.

本发明褐煤半焦贫氧燃烧锅炉的结构与工艺特点是:The structure and process characteristics of the lignite semi-coke oxygen-poor combustion boiler of the present invention are:

在由氮化硅制成的绝热高温旋风筒1与中心筒2形成的环形通道内,所通入的过量空气系数低于1,形成贫氧燃烧条件,同时在这个区域有较厚的熔融渣池10,残焦完成熔融燃烧,生成的烟气中含有较多的可燃气体。熔融渣池的温度较高,有利于残碳的完全转化,同时使排渣顺利。倒置的旋风筒使得熔渣与气体产物实现最大程度的分离。同时由于高温贫氧燃烧生成的氮氧化物也显著减少。在二燃室中,由于是均相燃烧,可以维持较低的过量空气系数,以减少污染物的生成。该种锅炉的特点是每一个锅炉本体可以配置多个旋风筒贫氧燃烧装置,每一台旋风筒贫氧燃烧装置可单独运行,从而提高了褐煤半焦贫氧燃烧锅炉的负荷调节比例。In the annular passage formed by the adiabatic high-temperature cyclone 1 and the central cylinder 2 made of silicon nitride, the ratio of the excess air introduced is lower than 1, forming an oxygen-poor combustion condition, and at the same time, there is a thick molten slag in this area In the pool 10, the residual coke is melted and burned, and the generated flue gas contains more combustible gas. The temperature of the molten slag pool is higher, which is conducive to the complete conversion of residual carbon and smooth slag discharge. The inverted cyclone allows for maximum separation of slag and gaseous products. At the same time, the nitrogen oxides generated due to high-temperature lean oxygen combustion are also significantly reduced. In the secondary combustion chamber, due to the homogeneous combustion, a low excess air ratio can be maintained to reduce the generation of pollutants. The feature of this type of boiler is that each boiler body can be equipped with multiple cyclone oxygen-lean combustion devices, and each cyclone oxygen-lean combustion device can operate independently, thereby improving the load adjustment ratio of the lignite semi-coke oxygen-lean combustion boiler.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of lignite semi-coke combustion with meagre oxygen boiler, it is characterised in that including some cyclone cylinder lean-oxygen burners and boiler sheet Body;
Boiler body includes dual firing chamber (5), is arranged at the boiler heating surface (3) and exhaust opening (4) on dual firing chamber (5) top;
Cyclone cylinder lean-oxygen burner is an inverted Adiabatic Cyclone separator with central tube;The cyclone cylinder oxygen deprivation combustion Burn the dual firing chamber (5) of device connection boiler body;
Cyclone cylinder lean-oxygen burner includes cyclone cylinder (1), central tube (2), smoke tube (7) and Secondary Air cyclone (6);Rotation The lower sides of air duct (1) are provided with primary air nozzle (11);The bottom centre of cyclone cylinder (1) is provided with through hole, and central tube (2) passes through It is internal that the through hole of cyclone cylinder (1) bottom stretches into cyclone cylinder (1), at the top of central tube (2) for through hole and with cyclone cylinder (1) top inner wall It is arranged at intervals, central tube (2) seals with cyclone cylinder (1) junction;Lower section in cyclone cylinder (1) positioned at primary air nozzle (11) is provided with Slag bath (10) is melted, the bottom of melting slag bath (10) is provided with the first slag-drip opening (9);The bottom of central tube (2) is provided with the second deslagging Mouth (8), smoke tube (7) one end vertical connection central tube (2), other end connection dual firing chamber (5);
Cyclone cylinder lean-oxygen burner is multiple and be uniformly distributed in boiler body periphery.
A kind of 2. lignite semi-coke combustion with meagre oxygen boiler according to claim 1, it is characterised in that smoke tube (7) with The porch of dual firing chamber (5) is provided with the Secondary Air cyclone (6) for being used for being sent into afterburning Secondary Air.
3. a kind of lignite semi-coke combustion with meagre oxygen boiler according to claim 1, it is characterised in that primary air nozzle (11) is downward It is obliquely installed.
A kind of 4. lignite semi-coke combustion with meagre oxygen boiler according to claim 1, it is characterised in that each cyclone cylinder (1) side Wall is provided with two primary air nozzles (11) for being used to form whirlwind in cyclone cylinder (1).
A kind of 5. lignite semi-coke combustion with meagre oxygen boiler according to claim 1, it is characterised in that boiler heating surface (3) tower Formula is arranged.
6. a kind of lignite semi-coke combustion with meagre oxygen boiler according to claim 1, it is characterised in that lignite semi-coke powder is once Tangentially or cut empty to the annular entered from cyclone cylinder bottom primary air nozzle (11) between central tube and cyclone cylinder under air effect Between, be formed as high-temp combustion gasification zone in the bottom of annular space, keep excess air coefficient to be less than 1 in this region, maintain React for combustion with meagre oxygen atmosphere;Flue gas strong rotation removing molten slag in cyclone cylinder is generated, then flue gas passes through dual firing chamber Smoke tube (7) between cyclone cylinder enters dual firing chamber, part auxiliary air is supplemented when entering dual firing chamber, with rotating jet Into dual firing chamber;Flue gas fully burning and further heat release in dual firing chamber, then high-temperature flue gas is up passes through tower respectively for generation The each heating surface of boiler of formula arrangement, completes heat transfer, and flue gas is reduced to after exhaust gas temperature and discharged from exhaust opening.
A kind of 7. lignite semi-coke combustion with meagre oxygen boiler according to claim 1, it is characterised in that central tube and cyclone cylinder by Silicon nitride material is made, and the cyclone combustion chamber formed between central tube and cyclone cylinder is insulated combustion chamber.
A kind of 8. lignite semi-coke combustion with meagre oxygen boiler according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the combustion carried out in dual firing chamber It is 1.05~1.1 to burn for homogeneous combustion, excess air coefficient;The temperature of reaction zone above slag bath (10) is melted than grey melting temperature It is high 100~200 DEG C.
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