CN105627280A - Lignite semicoke anoxic combustion boiler - Google Patents

Lignite semicoke anoxic combustion boiler Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105627280A
CN105627280A CN201610153272.4A CN201610153272A CN105627280A CN 105627280 A CN105627280 A CN 105627280A CN 201610153272 A CN201610153272 A CN 201610153272A CN 105627280 A CN105627280 A CN 105627280A
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China
Prior art keywords
combustion
boiler
whirlwind cylinder
firing chamber
whirlwind
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CN201610153272.4A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN105627280B (en
Inventor
刘银河
车得福
张勇
张玉斌
杨天亮
李庚达
刘汉强
郭桦
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GUODIAN NEW ENERGY TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE
Yantai Longyuan Power Technology Co Ltd
Xian Jiaotong University
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GUODIAN NEW ENERGY TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE
Yantai Longyuan Power Technology Co Ltd
Xian Jiaotong University
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Priority to CN201610153272.4A priority Critical patent/CN105627280B/en
Priority to PCT/CN2016/080062 priority patent/WO2017156824A1/en
Publication of CN105627280A publication Critical patent/CN105627280A/en
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Publication of CN105627280B publication Critical patent/CN105627280B/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L9/00—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel 
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B31/00—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus
    • F22B31/02—Installation of water-tube boilers in chimneys, e.g. in converter chimneys
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B31/00—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/02—Disposition of air supply not passing through burner

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a lignite semicoke anoxic combustion boiler. The lignite semicoke anoxic combustion boiler comprises a plurality of cyclone anoxic combustion devices and a boiler body. The boiler body comprises a secondary combustion chamber, a boiler heating surface and a smoke exhausting opening, wherein the boiler heating surface and the smoke exhausting opening are arranged on the upper portion of the secondary combustion chamber. Each cyclone anoxic combustion device is an inverted heat-insulating cyclone separator with a central barrel and connected to the secondary combustion chamber of the boiler body. Lignite semicoke powder enters each annular space between the corresponding central barrel and a corresponding cyclone in the tangent direction or cut direction under the action of primary air, a high-temperature combustion and gasification area is formed on the lower portion of each annular space, and in the areas, the excess air coefficient is kept to be smaller than 1, and the reaction is kept in an anoxic combustion atmosphere. Smoke containing combustible gas enters the secondary chamber, is combusted completely and generates high-temperature smoke which moves upwards and passes through each boiler heating surface arranged in a tower mode, heat transferring is completed, and the smoke is cooled to a certain smoke exhausting temperature. The lignite semicoke anoxic combustion boiler is high in combustion strength, high in slag captured rate, low in pollutant emission and wide in load adjustment range.

Description

A kind of lignite semi-coke combustion with meagre oxygen boiler
Technical field
The present invention relates to boiler technology field, in particular to a kind of lignite semi-coke combustion with meagre oxygen boiler.
Background technology
Brown coal are a kind of low-rank coal, and the reserves in China and the world are huge, but the water content height of brown coal, volatile matter height, is easy to spontaneous combustion, is unfavorable for transport, constrains the extensive utilization of brown coal. By brown coal upgrading, classification sub-prime fully utilizes, and the exploitation for brown coal is significant.
Utilizing field at brown coal, middle low temperature pyrogenation technology is that a kind of more rising brown coal classification sub-prime utilizes technology. Pyrolysis solid product lignite semi-coke reduces due to volatile matter, and moisture reduces, and thermal value improves, and is a kind of fuel preferably, and the high-efficiency low-pollution of lignite semi-coke utilizes and utilizes comprehensive energy efficiency to improve for brown coal classification sub-prime to have very important effect.
Lignite semi-coke can be used for gasification furnace raw material and manufactures coal gas, it is also possible to directly burn production heat energy for boiler oil. Wherein produce hot water for the direct combustion heating working medium of boiler or steam is the most direct Application way. But the remarkable minimizing due to lignite semi-coke volatile matter, its flammability is affected. A kind of combustionproperty of exploitation is stablized, and the boiler of the combustion lignite semi-coke that pollutant emission is low is most important.
Currently, the primary combustion mode of solid fuel coal and coal Jiao has three kinds: grate furnace, fluid bed furnace and coal-powder boiler. Coal-powder boiler is the main combustion system of station boiler.
A kind of combustion system cyclone firing is also had also once to obtain more application. Cyclone firing is that artificial a kind of of tissue stablizes controlled high speed rotating flame, and combustion flame degree of filling is higher, and disturbance ability is extremely strong, is applicable to powder, the bits solid-fuelled combustion processes of shape, fires mode than general room and have higher hot strength. Owing to solid fuel exists certain amount of savings in a combustion chamber, cyclone furnace has the quite long residence time, contribute to maintaining the continuity of combustion processes. Scorching hot slag film accumulates certain heat, is the burning bed of stabilizer pole, it is possible to maintain the stability of combustion processes. Cyclone firing has the advantages such as intensity of combustion height, retention efficiency height, flameholding, but owing to analysis iron, hydrogen are quick-fried, row's slag difficulty and pollutent such as problems such as discharged nitrous oxides height, its application is subject to certain restrictions.
Under the overall background of energy-saving and emission-reduction, coal-burning power plant carries important power peak regulation task, it is desired to station boiler can within the scope of the load of broadness stable and high effective operation. Usually there is the contradiction between the stability high efficiency of burning and the underrun of boiler in existing station boiler. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a kind of new burning boiler, high-efficient low polluting combustion can be realized, it is also possible to realize bigger Load Regulation.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of lignite semi-coke combustion with meagre oxygen boiler, to solve the problem that existing coal-powder boiler boiler combustion intensity is low, load regulation range is narrow, pollutant emission exceeds standard; The advantages such as boiler of the present invention has intensity of combustion height, retention efficiency height, pollutant emission is low, load regulation range is wide.
For reaching above object, the present invention takes following technical scheme to be achieved:
A kind of lignite semi-coke combustion with meagre oxygen boiler, comprises some whirlwind cylinder lean-oxygen burners and boiler body; Boiler body comprises dual firing chamber, is arranged at boiler surface and the smoke outlet on dual firing chamber top; Whirlwind cylinder lean-oxygen burner is an inverted adiabatic cyclonic separator with central tube; Described whirlwind cylinder lean-oxygen burner connects the dual firing chamber of boiler body.
Further, whirlwind cylinder lean-oxygen burner comprises whirlwind cylinder, central tube, smoke tube and secondary air swirler; The lower sides of whirlwind cylinder is provided with an air port; The bottom centre of whirlwind cylinder has through hole, and it is inner that central tube stretches into whirlwind cylinder through the through hole bottom whirlwind cylinder, central tube top be through hole and and whirlwind cylinder top inner wall interval arrange, central tube seals with whirlwind cylinder junction; The lower section being positioned at an air port in whirlwind cylinder is provided with melting slag bath, and the bottom of melting slag bath is provided with the first slag-drip opening; The bottom of central tube is provided with second row cinder notch, and smoke tube one end vertically connects central tube, and the other end connects dual firing chamber.
Further, the secondary air swirler mending combustion secondary air for sending into it is provided with in the ingress of smoke tube and dual firing chamber.
Further, an air port dips down and tiltedly arranges.
Further, each whirlwind cylinder sidewall is provided with two for forming an air port of whirlwind in whirlwind cylinder.
Further, the tower layout of boiler surface.
Further, lignite semi-coke powder under primary air effect tangentially or cut and enter the annular space between central tube and whirlwind cylinder to from air port, one time, whirlwind cylinder bottom, high-temp combustion gasification district is formed as in the bottom of annular space, keep in this region excess air ratio to be less than 1, maintain reaction for combustion with meagre oxygen atmosphere; Generating flue gas strong rotation in whirlwind cylinder to take off except liquid slag, then flue gas enters dual firing chamber by the smoke tube between dual firing chamber and whirlwind cylinder, supplements part secondary air when entering dual firing chamber, enters dual firing chamber with rotating jet; Flue gas is Thorough combustion also heat release further in dual firing chamber, then generates row on high-temperature flue gas and, respectively by each heating surface of boiler of tower layout, completes heat transfer, discharge from smoke outlet after flue gas is reduced to funnel temperature.
Further, central tube and whirlwind cylinder are made up of silicon nitride material, and the cyclone combustion chamber formed between central tube and whirlwind cylinder is insulated combustion chamber.
Further, the burning carried out in dual firing chamber is homogeneous combustion, and excess air ratio is 1.05��1.1.
Further, above melting slag bath, the Temperature Ratio ash melt temperature of reaction zone is high 100��200 DEG C.
Further, whirlwind cylinder lean-oxygen burner is multiple and is uniformly distributed in boiler body periphery.
Compared with prior art, it is an advantage of the invention that:
1, adopt melting combustion with meagre oxygen in whirlwind cylinder, major part fuel bound nitrogen is converted into nitrogen, adopts classification air combustion in dual firing chamber, reduce the discharge of oxynitride.
2, have more melting slag to form slag bath in space, whirlwind cylinder ring room, the gasification, and combustion of residual Jiao is played catalysis and provides the effect of thermal source by the melting ash content in slag bath, maintains the stability of burning, it is to increase charcoal percent conversion. Each whirlwind cylinder has 2 First air imports being arranged symmetrically with, and forms strong swirling eddy in whirlwind cylinder; Being the melting slag bath having certain depth above bottom whirlwind cylinder, the ickings of macrobead is fast pyrogenation and gasification in slag slag bath, it is achieved high efficiency of carbon conversion; Having mud hole below slag bath, the temperature in whirlwind cylinder maintains more than ash melt temperature, it may be achieved slag tap smoothly.
3, the gasification, and combustion in slag bath is mainly carbon oxygen thermopositive reaction so that slag bath place maintains localized hyperthermia, is conducive to the mobility improving intensity of combustion and improving melting slag.
4, the strong swirling eddy in whirlwind cylinder combustion chamber, be thrown to wall face by burnt slag and realize being separated of molten melt drop and flue gas, it is to increase benefit slag rate, significantly reduces staiing and follow-up dedusting burden of follow-up tower boiler heating surface.
5, pipe core bottom between whirlwind cylinder and dual firing chamber is provided with the 2nd slag separate chamber, and the liquid slag of the separation that is not able to do in time enters this slag bath and is captured, and the flying dust share further reduced in flue gas realizes being separated as far as possible of liquid slag and gaseous product.
6, the supplementary secondary air being provided with rotating jet in dual firing chamber's import, maintains overall excess air ratio in lower level, at the mainly homogeneous combustion that dual firing chamber carries out, reduces the generation of oxynitride.
7, whirlwind cylinder, central tube and conduit pipe with thermal insulation all adopt silicon nitride material, it is to increase the resistance to thermal shock performance of equipment.
8, a boiler can join multiple whirlwind cylinder combustion with meagre oxygen equipment.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with the drawings and the specific embodiments, the present invention is described in further detail.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of lignite semi-coke combustion with meagre oxygen boiler of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the vertical view of Fig. 1.
In figure: 1, whirlwind cylinder; 2, central tube; 3, boiler surface; 4, smoke outlet; 5, dual firing chamber; 6, secondary air swirler; 7, smoke tube; 8, second row cinder notch; 9, the first slag-drip opening; 10, melting slag bath; 11, an air port.
Embodiment
Referring to shown in Fig. 1, a kind of lignite semi-coke combustion with meagre oxygen boiler of the present invention, comprises some whirlwind cylinder lean-oxygen burners and boiler body, and both satellite types are arranged.
The bottom of boiler body is dual firing chamber 5, and dual firing chamber 5 top is the boiler surface 3 of tower layout, and boiler surface 3 top is provided with smoke outlet 4.
Whirlwind cylinder lean-oxygen burner comprises whirlwind cylinder 1, central tube 2, smoke tube 7 and secondary air swirler 6. The lower sides of whirlwind cylinder 1 is provided with air port 11, one time air port 11 is micro-and is obliquely installed downwards; Each whirlwind cylinder 1 sidewall is provided with two for forming an air port 11 of whirlwind in whirlwind cylinder 1. The bottom centre of whirlwind cylinder 1 has through hole, and it is inner that the through hole of central tube 2 bottom whirlwind cylinder 1 stretches into whirlwind cylinder 1, and central tube 2 top is through hole and and the setting of whirlwind cylinder 1 top inner wall interval, central tube 2 and the sealing of whirlwind cylinder 1 junction. The lower section being positioned at an air port 11 in whirlwind cylinder 1 is provided with melting slag bath 10, and the bottom of melting slag bath 10 is provided with the first slag-drip opening 9. The bottom of central tube 2 is provided with second row cinder notch 8, and smoke tube 7 one end vertically connects central tube 2, and the other end connects dual firing chamber 5, is provided with time wind swirler 6 in the ingress of smoke tube 7 with dual firing chamber 5, for sending into the secondary air mending combustion.
In order to realize combustion with meagre oxygen, lignite semi-coke powder sends in whirlwind cylinder 1 annular region above melting slag bath 10 by primary air and flue gas recycled by an air port 11 of micro-downward inclination, the burnt rapid pyrolysis under strong high-temperature slag adds heat effect of brown coal is also burnt, and the excess air ratio of primary air maintains in the scope being less than 1. Small-particle is rapid combustion under the effect of air-flow, owing to the combustion of strong turbulent flow is dynamic, the grey molten melt drop coalescence of small-particle is also thrown on whirlwind cylinder 1 wall face under the influence of centrifugal force, flow into melting slag bath 10 under gravity, and the burnt powder of macrobead is also attached on melting slag film under the influence of centrifugal force, slowly flow into melting slag bath 10 under gravity, the particle limit flowing limit generating gasification of residual Jiao and combustion reactions, to flow into the residence time after melting slag bath 10 significantly increase, it is to increase the burn-off rate of carbon. Above melting slag bath 10, the temperature of reaction zone adopts adjustment excess air ratio and the control of flue gas recycled rate, remains higher than grey melt temperature 100��200 DEG C. Melting slag bath 10 has bigger thermal capacity, it is possible to complete rapidly the gasification, and combustion of residual Jiao. Owing to there being one layer of slag in melting slag bath 10, can ensureing stability and the slag fluidity of slag bath temperature, unnecessary slag is discharged by the first slag-drip opening 9. In ring type reaction zone, the gaseous product of generation completes the gas-liquid separation with slag, gas from whirlwind cylinder 1 top turn back district centrally cylinder 2 downwards and send into dual firing chamber 5 through smoke tube 7. Sent into, in the ingress of smoke tube 7 with dual firing chamber 5, the secondary air mending combustion by overfire air port 6, complete to burn completely with the little excess air ratio of 1.05��1.1 inside dual firing chamber 5. The high-temperature flue gas generated after burning completely is from dual firing chamber 5 upwards, successively by each boiler surface 3, flue gas and boiler surface 3 heat-exchange temperature are reduced to certain temperature and discharge boiler from smoke outlet 4, arrange flue gas recirculation blower fan simultaneously a certain amount of smoke evacuation is introduced an air port 11 in system.
Structure and the process characteristic of lignite semi-coke combustion with meagre oxygen boiler of the present invention be:
In the circular channel that the adiabatic high-temp. vortex cylinder 1 being made up of silicon nitride and central tube 2 are formed, led to into excess air ratio lower than 1, form combustion with meagre oxygen condition, there is thicker melting slag bath 10 in this region simultaneously, residual Jiao completes melt-combustion, containing more inflammable gas in the flue gas of generation. The temperature of melting slag bath is higher, is conducive to the conversion completely of carbon residue, and the row's of making slag is smooth simultaneously. Inverted whirlwind cylinder makes slag and gaseous product realize farthest being separated. The oxynitride simultaneously generated due to High Temperature Air Combustion also significantly reduces. In dual firing chamber, owing to being homogeneous combustion, it is possible to maintain lower excess air ratio, with the generation of decreasing pollution thing. The feature of this kind of boiler is that each boiler body can configure multiple whirlwind cylinder lean-oxygen burner, and each whirlwind cylinder lean-oxygen burner can run separately, thus improves the Load Regulation ratio of lignite semi-coke combustion with meagre oxygen boiler.

Claims (10)

1. a lignite semi-coke combustion with meagre oxygen boiler, it is characterised in that, comprise some whirlwind cylinder lean-oxygen burners and boiler body;
Boiler body comprises dual firing chamber (5), the boiler surface (3) on (5) top that is arranged at dual firing chamber and smoke outlet (4);
Whirlwind cylinder lean-oxygen burner is an inverted adiabatic cyclonic separator with central tube; Described whirlwind cylinder lean-oxygen burner connects the dual firing chamber (5) of boiler body.
2. a kind of lignite semi-coke combustion with meagre oxygen boiler according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, whirlwind cylinder lean-oxygen burner comprises whirlwind cylinder (1), central tube (2), smoke tube (7) and secondary air swirler (6); The lower sides of whirlwind cylinder (1) is provided with an air port (11); The bottom centre of whirlwind cylinder (1) has through hole, central tube (2) stretches into whirlwind cylinder (1) inside through the through hole of whirlwind cylinder (1) bottom, central tube (2) top be through hole and and whirlwind cylinder (1) top inner wall interval arrange, the sealing of central tube (2) and whirlwind cylinder (1) junction; The lower section being positioned at an air port (11) in whirlwind cylinder (1) is provided with melting slag bath (10), and the bottom of melting slag bath (10) is provided with the first slag-drip opening (9); The bottom of central tube (2) is provided with second row cinder notch (8), and smoke tube (7) one end vertically connects central tube (2), and the other end connects dual firing chamber (5).
3. a kind of lignite semi-coke combustion with meagre oxygen boiler according to claim 2, it is characterised in that, the secondary air swirler (6) mending combustion secondary air for sending into it is provided with in the ingress of smoke tube (7) Yu dual firing chamber (5).
4. a kind of lignite semi-coke combustion with meagre oxygen boiler according to claim 2, it is characterised in that, one time air port (11) is obliquely installed downwards.
5. a kind of lignite semi-coke combustion with meagre oxygen boiler according to claim 2, it is characterised in that, each whirlwind cylinder (1) sidewall is provided with two for forming an air port (11) of whirlwind in whirlwind cylinder (1).
6. a kind of lignite semi-coke combustion with meagre oxygen boiler according to claim 1, it is characterised in that, boiler surface (3) tower layout.
7. a kind of lignite semi-coke combustion with meagre oxygen boiler according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, lignite semi-coke powder under primary air effect tangentially or cut and enter the annular space between central tube and whirlwind cylinder to from one time, whirlwind cylinder bottom air port (11), high-temp combustion gasification district is formed as in the bottom of annular space, keep in this region excess air ratio to be less than 1, maintain reaction for combustion with meagre oxygen atmosphere; Generating flue gas strong rotation in whirlwind cylinder to take off except liquid slag, then flue gas enters dual firing chamber by the smoke tube (7) between dual firing chamber and whirlwind cylinder, supplements part secondary air when entering dual firing chamber, enters dual firing chamber with rotating jet; Flue gas is Thorough combustion also heat release further in dual firing chamber, then generates row on high-temperature flue gas and, respectively by each heating surface of boiler of tower layout, completes heat transfer, discharge from smoke outlet after flue gas is reduced to funnel temperature.
8. a kind of lignite semi-coke combustion with meagre oxygen boiler according to claim 2, it is characterised in that, central tube and whirlwind cylinder are made up of silicon nitride material, and the cyclone combustion chamber formed between central tube and whirlwind cylinder is insulated combustion chamber.
9. a kind of lignite semi-coke combustion with meagre oxygen boiler according to claim 2, it is characterised in that, the burning carried out in dual firing chamber is homogeneous combustion, and excess air ratio is 1.05��1.1; The Temperature Ratio ash melt temperature of reaction zone, melting slag bath (10) top is high 100��200 DEG C.
10. a kind of lignite semi-coke combustion with meagre oxygen boiler according to claim 1, it is characterised in that, whirlwind cylinder lean-oxygen burner is multiple and is uniformly distributed in boiler body periphery.
CN201610153272.4A 2016-03-17 2016-03-17 A kind of lignite semi-coke combustion with meagre oxygen boiler Active CN105627280B (en)

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CN201610153272.4A CN105627280B (en) 2016-03-17 2016-03-17 A kind of lignite semi-coke combustion with meagre oxygen boiler
PCT/CN2016/080062 WO2017156824A1 (en) 2016-03-17 2016-04-22 Lignite semi-coke oxygen deficient combustion boiler

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CN106642082A (en) * 2016-12-08 2017-05-10 哈尔滨工业大学 Small-sized cyclone-melting pulverized coal furnace
CN107975782A (en) * 2017-11-22 2018-05-01 西安交通大学 The fractional combustion steam generator system and method for a kind of slag combustion with meagre oxygen catalysis oxidation
CN108931054A (en) * 2018-06-04 2018-12-04 河南龙成煤高效技术应用有限公司 A kind of hot-blast stove and the method for controlling its burning
CN110094718A (en) * 2019-05-28 2019-08-06 武汉武锅能源工程有限公司 A kind of low dirt smoke generating apptss and method using pyrolysis waste coke

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CN106642082B (en) * 2016-12-08 2019-04-09 哈尔滨工业大学 A kind of small cyclones melting coal-powder boiler
CN107975782A (en) * 2017-11-22 2018-05-01 西安交通大学 The fractional combustion steam generator system and method for a kind of slag combustion with meagre oxygen catalysis oxidation
CN107975782B (en) * 2017-11-22 2019-04-12 西安交通大学 A kind of the fractional combustion boiler system and method for slag combustion with meagre oxygen catalysis oxidation
CN108931054A (en) * 2018-06-04 2018-12-04 河南龙成煤高效技术应用有限公司 A kind of hot-blast stove and the method for controlling its burning
CN110094718A (en) * 2019-05-28 2019-08-06 武汉武锅能源工程有限公司 A kind of low dirt smoke generating apptss and method using pyrolysis waste coke

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