CN103884013A - Combustion method and device of coupled environment-friendly fluidized bed boiler - Google Patents

Combustion method and device of coupled environment-friendly fluidized bed boiler Download PDF

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CN103884013A
CN103884013A CN201410114454.1A CN201410114454A CN103884013A CN 103884013 A CN103884013 A CN 103884013A CN 201410114454 A CN201410114454 A CN 201410114454A CN 103884013 A CN103884013 A CN 103884013A
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combustion chamber
chamber
flue gas
combustion
stage firing
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CN103884013B (en
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刘行磊
龚留升
郑兴胜
郭强
周棋
聂立
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Dongfang Boiler Group Co Ltd
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Dongfang Boiler Group Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a combustion method and device of a coupled environment-friendly fluidized bed boiler. The device is characterized in that a primary air chamber and a secondary air chamber are arranged at the bottom ends of a primary combustion chamber and a secondary combustion chamber respectively; the primary combustion chamber is provided with a fuel inlet, a primary non-burnout fuel circulation pipe communicated with the lower end of the secondary combustion chamber is arranged at the lower end of the primary combustion chamber, and the primary combustion chamber is provided with a primary high-temperature flue gas circulation pipe communicated with the secondary combustion chamber; the secondary combustion chamber is provided with an upper secondary air inlet, a lower secondary air inlet and a desulfurizer inlet; and the upper end of the secondary combustion chamber is communicated with a cyclone separator, a high-temperature flue gas outlet is formed in the top end of the cyclone separator, and the bottom end of the cyclone separator is communicated with the primary combustion chamber through a high-temperature circulating ash circulation pipe. By virtue of the coupled staged combustion type fluidized bed boiler, solid fuel such as fuel coal or biomass is fully combusted and high-efficiency desulfurization and denitration effects are achieved.

Description

Manifold type environment-friendly type fluidized-bed combustion boiler combustion method and device
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of manifold type environment-friendly type fluidized-bed combustion boiler combustion method and device, belong to boiler combustion technology field.
 
Background technology
Along with the attention of country to environmental protection, the standard of the flue gas pollutant discharge of electricity generation boiler is increasingly strict.For CFBB, the current structures that adopt fractional combustion reduce NO more xgeneration, especially, for the coal of high-volatile, contribute to coke and CO to NO in lower furnace portion emulsion zone anoxycausis xreduction reaction, thereby make part NO xbe reduced into as N 2.From denitration angle, reduce primary air ratio and can realize to a certain extent NO xreduce discharging, but be subject to the impact of the factor such as fluidized-bed structure and burner hearth emulsion zone combustion share, the variation of primary air ratio is subject to very big restriction.Adjust angle from burning, fluidized-bed combustion boiler hypoxemia amount is burnt to NO xreduce discharging fairly obvious, still, very unfavorable for the reaction of fluidized-bed combustion boiler desulfuration in furnace and fuel economy.
At present, the SO that CFBB generates in combustion process 2and NO xdischarge higherly, need to be equipped with external desulfurzation and denitrating system and just can reach the national requirements for environmental protection of new promulgation.This weakens the advantage of CFBB energy-conserving and environment-protective gradually, is seriously restricting the development of fluidized-bed combustion boiler combustion technology.
In sum, existing fluidized-bed combustion boiler adopts the combustion system of single chamber structure, staged air distribution to reduce NO more xgeneration, from denitration angle, by reduce primary air ratio strengthen emulsion zone reducing atmosphere realize reduce discharging NO xobject, but be subject to fluid bed burner hearth structure influence, be to ensure the abundant fluidisation of material in stove, the reduction amplitude of primary air ratio is subject to serious restriction; From desulfurization angle, fluidized-bed combustion boiler desulfuration in furnace reaction needed oxygen consumed amount, but denitration in the stove reaction is very responsive to oxygen amount, is difficult to solve the contradiction of desulfuration in furnace and denitration.
 
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to: a kind of manifold type environment-friendly type fluidized-bed combustion boiler combustion method and device are provided, fuel are carried out in the first-stage firing chamber of reducing atmosphere to primary combustion, and realize the NO_x Reduction by Effective of first-stage firing chamber; Again primary combustion product is sent in the secondary combustion chamber of oxidizing atmosphere and carried out completing combustion; Realize the high-efficiency desulfurization of secondary combustion chamber by add desulfurizing agent in secondary combustion chamber, effectively solve the contradiction of fluidized-bed combustion boiler denitration and desulfurization, realize the object of fluidized-bed combustion boiler energy-saving and environmental protection, thereby can effectively solve above-mentioned problems of the prior art.
The object of the invention realizes by following technical proposals: a kind of manifold type environment-friendly type fluidized bed boiler burning device, comprise first-stage firing chamber, secondary combustion chamber, cyclone separator, one-level air compartment and secondary air compartment, one-level air compartment is located at the bottom of first-stage firing chamber, and secondary air compartment is located at the bottom of secondary combustion chamber; Described first-stage firing chamber is provided with fuel inlet, and first-stage firing chamber lower end is provided with the elementary uncombusted fuel flow siphunculus being communicated with secondary combustion chamber lower end, and first-stage firing chamber top is provided with the elementary high-temperature flue gas runner pipe being communicated with secondary combustion chamber; Secondary combustion chamber is provided with upper strata Secondary Air entrance, lower floor's Secondary Air entrance and desulfurizing agent entrance; The upper end of described secondary combustion chamber is communicated with cyclone separator, and the top of cyclone separator is provided with high-temperature flue gas outlet, cyclone separator bottom is communicated with by high-temp circulating ash runner pipe with first-stage firing chamber.
As a kind of optimal way, the bottom of one-level air compartment is provided with and is connected the one-level fluidized wind entrance communicating with the heat primary air of external air preheater.
As further preferred, the bottom of secondary air compartment is provided with external heat primary air or recycles hot flue gas and is connected the secondary streams wind transmission entrance communicating.
As a kind of optimal way, fuel carries out primary combustion reaction in the reducing atmosphere of first-stage firing chamber, impels coke and CO by NO xreduction becomes stability N 2, realize the denitration in first-stage firing chamber, elementary uncombusted fuel in primary combustion product enters secondary combustion chamber from elementary uncombusted fuel flow siphunculus, elementary high-temperature flue gas in primary combustion product enters secondary combustion chamber from elementary high-temperature flue gas runner pipe, by desulfurizing agent entrance to the indoor interpolation desulfurizing agent of secondary firing, pass into hot Secondary Air by upper strata Secondary Air entrance and lower floor's Secondary Air entrance to secondary firing is indoor, the elementary uncombusted fuel that secondary firing is indoor and elementary high-temperature flue gas are in secondary streams wind transmission, under the effect of hot Secondary Air and desulfurizing agent, carry out completing combustion, and realize the indoor desulfurization of secondary firing, secondary firing Indoor Combustion product carries out gas solid separation by cyclone separator, high-temperature flue gas in separated product is exported and is entered boiler tail vertical shaft by high-temperature flue gas, high-temp circulating ash in separated product enters first-stage firing chamber by high-temp circulating ash runner pipe, realizes the outer circulation of high-temp circulating ash.
As a kind of optimal way, the excess air coefficient of first-stage firing chamber is 0.6-0.9.In first-stage firing chamber, carry out the primary combustion reaction of fuel, the gas such as coke and CO in its combustion product is to the NO having generated in combustion process xhave catalytic reduction effect, therefore, in first-stage firing chamber, reducing atmosphere is realize denitration basic; For ensureing the stability of fuel primary combustion reaction in first-stage firing chamber, should in first-stage firing chamber, pass into a certain amount of air capacity, ensure that fuel discharges the heat that can maintain combustion reaction in first-stage firing chamber in primary combustion reaction.Based on the consideration of above-mentioned two aspects, the excess air coefficient of first-stage firing chamber is set as to 0.6-0.9 scope.
As a kind of optimal way, the excess air coefficient of secondary combustion chamber is 1.05-1.35.In the indoor sweetening process of secondary firing, in reactive desulfurizing agent process, need to consume a certain amount of oxygen amount, meanwhile, for realizing the completing combustion of secondary combustion chamber's fuel, should ensure to pass into sufficient air capacity to secondary firing is indoor; In order effectively to reduce fan energy consumption, should reduce blower fan as far as possible and exert oneself.Based on the consideration of above-mentioned two aspects, the excess air coefficient of secondary combustion chamber is set as to 1.05-1.35 scope.
Acting as of part parts in fluidized bed boiler burning device of the present invention:
First-stage firing chamber: for the primary combustion reaction of fuel provides necessary place and condition, and realize the NO_x Reduction by Effective of fuel in primary combustion course of reaction.
Secondary combustion chamber: for completing combustion and the desulphurization reaction of fuel provide necessary place and condition, and realize the high-efficiency desulfurization of desulfurizing agent.
One-level air compartment: ensure the abundant fluidisation of material in first-stage firing chamber, and provide quantitative fluidisation air quantity for the primary combustion of fuel in first-stage firing chamber reacts.
Secondary air compartment: ensure the abundant fluidisation of material in secondary combustion chamber, and provide quantitative fluidisation air quantity for the completing combustion reaction of fuel in secondary combustion chamber and the desulphurization reaction of desulfurizing agent.
Upper strata light breeze, lower floor's light breeze: in secondary combustion chamber, pass into sufficient combustion air, ensure that secondary firing is indoor has enough oxygen amounts, and realize the staged air distribution in secondary combustion chamber, further reach and reduce discharging NO xobject.
Cyclone separating chamber: a large amount of high-temp solid materials in secondary combustion chamber are separated from high-temperature flue gas, and send into first-stage firing chamber, realize recycle stock and desulfurizing agent and repeatedly circulate, repeatedly burn and react with secondary firing is indoor in first-stage firing chamber, realize manifold type environment-friendly type fluidized bed plant efficient burning of the present invention and high-efficiency desulfurization.
The course of work of the present invention is:
Fuel carries out primary combustion reaction in first-stage firing chamber, generates elementary uncombusted fuel and elementary high-temperature flue gas; Fuel carries out primary combustion reaction in reducing atmosphere, utilizes coke in primary combustion product and CO by NO xreduction becomes stability N 2, realize the NO_x Reduction by Effective in first-stage firing chamber;
Elementary uncombusted fuel is sent into secondary firing indoor, rely on from the heat primary air of air preheater or from the hot flue gas of recirculation through tail vertical well rear portion deduster, make the abundant fluidisation of elementary uncombusted fuel and burning; Elementary high-temperature flue gas is sent into secondary combustion chamber, rely on to lower floor's Secondary Air and upper strata Secondary Air and the secondary streams wind transmission sent in stove, realize the completing combustion at oxidizing atmosphere of elementary uncombusted fuel and elementary high-temperature flue gas; Desulfurizing agent (as lime stone) is added in secondary combustion chamber, realize the high-efficiency desulfurization under the indoor oxidizing atmosphere of secondary firing;
Cyclone separator separates the high-temperature material in secondary combustion chamber from high-temperature flue gas, high-temperature flue gas in separated product is admitted to boiler tail vertical shaft region, high-temp circulating ash in separated product is admitted to first-stage firing chamber, realizes the outer circulation of high-temp circulating ash.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows: the present invention utilizes the fluidized-bed combustion boiler of manifold type fractional combustion, realize the solid-fuelled completing combustion such as fire coal or living beings, and reach the effect of high-efficiency desulfurization and NO_x Reduction by Effective, solve the contradiction between CFBB denitration and desulfurization, realize that fluidized-bed combustion boiler is efficient, the object of energy-saving and environmental protection.
 
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of fluidized bed boiler burning device embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of fluidized bed boiler burning device embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Wherein: 11-first-stage firing chamber; 12-secondary combustion chamber; 13-cyclone separator; 14-one-level air compartment; 15-secondary air compartment; 16-tail vertical well 1-fuel inlet; The elementary uncombusted fuel flow of 2-siphunculus; The elementary high-temperature flue gas runner pipe of 3-; 4-one-level fluidized wind entrance; 5-secondary streams wind transmission entrance; 6-lower floor Secondary Air entrance; 7-upper strata Secondary Air entrance; The outlet of 8-high-temperature flue gas; 9-high-temp circulating ash runner pipe; 10-desulfurizing agent entrance.
 
Detailed description of the invention
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein, only in order to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
Disclosed all features in this description, or step in disclosed all methods or process, except the speciality and/or step of mutual repulsion, all can combine by any way, unless narration especially, all can be replaced by other equivalences or the alternative features with similar object,, unless narration especially, an embodiment in a series of equivalences of each feature or similar characteristics.
embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1, adopt a kind of manifold type environment-friendly type fluidized bed boiler burning device, realize the solid-fuelled completing combustion such as fire coal or living beings, and reach the object of high-efficiency desulfurization and NO_x Reduction by Effective.This manifold type environment-friendly type fluidized bed boiler burning device comprises first-stage firing chamber 11, secondary combustion chamber 12, cyclone separator 13, one-level air compartment 14, secondary air compartment 15 and tail vertical well 16, one-level air compartment 14 is located at the bottom of first-stage firing chamber 11, and the bottom of one-level air compartment 14 is provided with and is connected the one-level fluidized wind entrance 4 communicating with the heat primary air of external air preheater.Secondary air compartment 15 is located at the bottom of secondary combustion chamber 12, and the bottom of secondary air compartment 15 is provided with and is connected the secondary streams wind transmission entrance 5 communicating with the heat primary air of external air preheater.The upper end of described first-stage firing chamber 11 is provided with fuel inlet 1, and lower end is provided with the elementary uncombusted fuel flow siphunculus 2 being communicated with secondary combustion chamber 12 lower ends, and top is provided with the elementary high-temperature flue gas runner pipe 3 being communicated with secondary combustion chamber 12 middle parts; The middle and upper part of secondary combustion chamber 12 is provided with upper strata Secondary Air entrance 7, bottom is provided with lower floor's Secondary Air entrance 6, is provided with desulfurizing agent entrance 10 in the lower end of lower floor's Secondary Air entrance 6; The upper end of described secondary combustion chamber 12 is communicated with cyclone separator 13, and the top of cyclone separator 13 is provided with high-temperature flue gas outlet 8, bottom is communicated with by high-temp circulating ash runner pipe 9 with first-stage firing chamber 11.
Manifold type environment-friendly type fluidized-bed combustion boiler combustion method of the present invention is as follows:
First, fuel carries out primary combustion reaction in the reducing atmosphere of first-stage firing chamber 11, impels coke and CO by NO xreduction becomes stability N 2, realize the NO_x Reduction by Effective in first-stage firing chamber 11; Wherein: the excess air coefficient of first-stage firing chamber 11 is 0.6-0.9.
Then, the elementary uncombusted fuel producing in primary combustion course of reaction, enter the bottom of secondary combustion chamber 12 from elementary uncombusted fuel flow siphunculus 2, the elementary high-temperature flue gas producing in primary combustion course of reaction enters the middle part of secondary combustion chamber 12 from elementary high-temperature flue gas runner pipe 3, in secondary combustion chamber 12, add lime stone by desulfurizing agent entrance 10, in secondary combustion chamber 12, pass into Secondary Air by upper strata Secondary Air entrance 7 and lower floor's Secondary Air entrance 6, elementary uncombusted fuel and elementary high-temperature flue gas are in secondary streams wind transmission, under the effect of Secondary Air and desulfurizing agent, carry out completing combustion, and realize the high-efficiency desulfurization in secondary combustion chamber 12, the excess air coefficient of secondary combustion chamber 12 is 1.05-1.35.
Finally, a large amount of high-temperature materials that the indoor high-temperature flue gas of secondary firing carries, carry out gas solid separation by cyclone separator 13, high-temperature flue gas in separated product exports 8 by high-temperature flue gas and enters boiler tail vertical shaft 16, high-temp circulating ash in separated product enters first-stage firing chamber 11 by high-temp circulating ash runner pipe 9, realizes the outer circulation of high-temp circulating ash.
Adopt said apparatus and combustion method, can realize high-efficiency desulfurization and the denitration of fluidized-bed combustion boiler, effectively reduce boiler pollutant as SO 2, NO xdischarge, reach the object of fluidized-bed combustion boiler energy-saving and emission-reduction.
Therefore, this device and combustion method can be used in the transformation to existing CFBB, meet the new stricter environmental protection standard of China.
 
embodiment 2
As shown in Figure 2, this manifold type environment-friendly type fluidized bed boiler burning device comprises first-stage firing chamber 11, secondary combustion chamber 12, cyclone separator 13, one-level air compartment 14, secondary air compartment 15, tail vertical well 16, deduster 17 and chimney 18, one-level air compartment 14 is located at the bottom of first-stage firing chamber 11, and the bottom of one-level air compartment 14 is provided with and is connected the one-level fluidized wind entrance 4 communicating with the heat primary air of external air preheater.Secondary air compartment 15 is located at the bottom of secondary combustion chamber 12, and the bottom of secondary air compartment 15 is provided with the hot flue gas of recirculation of external tail vertical well 16 rear portion dust catcher devices and is connected the secondary streams wind transmission entrance 5 communicating.The upper end of described first-stage firing chamber 11 is provided with fuel inlet 1, and lower end is provided with the elementary uncombusted fuel flow siphunculus 2 being communicated with secondary combustion chamber 12 lower ends, and the elementary high-temperature flue gas of first-stage firing chamber 11 is connected with secondary combustion chamber 12 by elementary high-temperature flue gas runner pipe 3.The middle and upper part of secondary combustion chamber 12 is provided with upper strata Secondary Air entrance 7, bottom is provided with lower floor's Secondary Air entrance 6, is provided with desulfurizing agent entrance 10 in the lower end of lower floor's Secondary Air entrance 6; The upper end of described secondary combustion chamber 12 is communicated with cyclone separator 13, and the top of cyclone separator 13 is provided with high-temperature flue gas outlet 8, bottom is communicated with by high-temp circulating ash runner pipe 9 with first-stage firing chamber 11.
Manifold type environment-friendly type fluidized-bed combustion boiler combustion method of the present invention is as follows:
First, fuel carries out primary combustion reaction in the reducing atmosphere of first-stage firing chamber 11, impels coke and CO by NO xreduction becomes stability N 2, realize the NO_x Reduction by Effective in first-stage firing chamber 11; Wherein: the excess air coefficient of first-stage firing chamber 11 is 0.6-0.9.
Then, the elementary uncombusted fuel producing in primary combustion course of reaction, enter the bottom of secondary combustion chamber 12 from elementary uncombusted fuel flow siphunculus 2, the elementary high-temperature flue gas producing in primary combustion course of reaction enters the middle part of secondary combustion chamber 12 from elementary high-temperature flue gas runner pipe 3, in secondary combustion chamber 12, add lime stone by desulfurizing agent entrance 10, in secondary combustion chamber 12, pass into Secondary Air by upper strata Secondary Air entrance 7 and lower floor's Secondary Air entrance 6, elementary uncombusted fuel and elementary high-temperature flue gas are in secondary streams wind transmission, under the effect of Secondary Air and desulfurizing agent, carry out completing combustion, and realize the high-efficiency desulfurization in secondary combustion chamber 12, the excess air coefficient of secondary combustion chamber 12 is 1.05-1.35.
Finally, a large amount of high-temperature materials that the indoor high-temperature flue gas of secondary firing carries, carry out gas solid separation by cyclone separator 13, high-temperature flue gas in separated product exports 8 by high-temperature flue gas and enters boiler tail vertical shaft 16, high-temp circulating ash in separated product enters first-stage firing chamber 11 by high-temp circulating ash runner pipe 9, realizes the outer circulation of high-temp circulating ash.
Adopt said apparatus and combustion method, can realize high-efficiency desulfurization and the denitration of fluidized-bed combustion boiler, effectively reduce boiler pollutant as SO 2, NO xdischarge, reach the object of fluidized-bed combustion boiler energy-saving and emission-reduction.
Therefore, this device and combustion method can be used in the transformation to existing CFBB, meet the new stricter environmental protection standard of China.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all any amendments of doing within the spirit and principles in the present invention, be equal to and replace and improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. a manifold type environment-friendly type fluidized bed boiler burning device, it is characterized in that: comprise first-stage firing chamber (11), secondary combustion chamber (12), cyclone separator (13), one-level air compartment (14) and secondary air compartment (15), one-level air compartment (14) is located at the bottom of first-stage firing chamber (11), and secondary air compartment (15) is located at the bottom of secondary combustion chamber (12); Described first-stage firing chamber (11) is provided with fuel inlet (1), first-stage firing chamber (11) lower end is provided with the elementary uncombusted fuel flow siphunculus (2) being communicated with secondary combustion chamber (12) lower end, and first-stage firing chamber (11) top is provided with the elementary high-temperature flue gas runner pipe (3) being communicated with secondary combustion chamber (12); Secondary combustion chamber (12) is provided with upper strata Secondary Air entrance (7), lower floor's Secondary Air entrance (6) and desulfurizing agent entrance (10); The upper end of described secondary combustion chamber (12) is communicated with cyclone separator (13), and the top of cyclone separator (13) is provided with high-temperature flue gas outlet (8), cyclone separator (13) bottom is communicated with by high-temp circulating ash runner pipe (9) with first-stage firing chamber (11).
2. manifold type environment-friendly type fluidized bed boiler burning device as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the bottom of one-level air compartment (14) is provided with and is connected the one-level fluidized wind entrance (4) communicating with the heat primary air of external air preheater.
3. manifold type environment-friendly type fluidized bed boiler burning device as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that: the bottom of secondary air compartment (15) is provided with external heat primary air or recycles hot flue gas and is connected the secondary streams wind transmission entrance (5) communicating.
4. the combustion method of manifold type environment-friendly type fluidized bed boiler burning device as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: fuel carries out primary combustion reaction in the reducing atmosphere of first-stage firing chamber (11), impels coke and CO by NO xreduction becomes stability N 2, realize the denitration in first-stage firing chamber (11), elementary uncombusted fuel in primary combustion product enters secondary combustion chamber (12) from elementary uncombusted fuel flow siphunculus (2), elementary high-temperature flue gas in primary combustion product enters secondary combustion chamber (12) from elementary high-temperature flue gas runner pipe (3), in secondary combustion chamber (12), add desulfurizing agent by desulfurizing agent entrance (10), in secondary combustion chamber (12), pass into hot Secondary Air by upper strata Secondary Air entrance (7) and lower floor's Secondary Air entrance (6), elementary uncombusted fuel in secondary combustion chamber (12) and elementary high-temperature flue gas are in secondary streams wind transmission, under the effect of hot Secondary Air and desulfurizing agent, carry out completing combustion, and realize the desulfurization in secondary combustion chamber (12), the interior combustion product of secondary combustion chamber (12) carries out gas solid separation by cyclone separator (13), high-temperature flue gas in separated product exports (8) by high-temperature flue gas and enters boiler tail vertical shaft, high-temp circulating ash in separated product enters first-stage firing chamber (11) by high-temp circulating ash runner pipe (9), realizes the outer circulation of high-temp circulating ash.
5. manifold type environment-friendly type fluidized-bed combustion boiler combustion method as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that: the excess air coefficient of first-stage firing chamber (11) is 0.6-0.9.
6. manifold type environment-friendly type fluidized-bed combustion boiler combustion method as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that: the excess air coefficient of secondary combustion chamber (12) is 1.05-1.35.
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CN104807002A (en) * 2015-04-03 2015-07-29 东方电气集团东方锅炉股份有限公司 Circulating fluidized bed boiler oxygen-enriched combustion dry desulphurization system and method
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CN108518672A (en) * 2018-03-30 2018-09-11 清华大学 A kind of low nitrogen burning circulating fluidized bed boiler
CN109869712A (en) * 2019-02-28 2019-06-11 兖矿集团有限公司 A kind of modified coal fires the system and its processing method of desulphurization denitration again
CN110207104A (en) * 2019-05-27 2019-09-06 国粤(深圳)科技投资有限公司 A kind of outer fossil fuel of furnace burns preceding pretreatment unit

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