CN106642091A - Low-nitrogen combustion method of fluidized-bed boiler - Google Patents
Low-nitrogen combustion method of fluidized-bed boiler Download PDFInfo
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- CN106642091A CN106642091A CN201611173011.5A CN201611173011A CN106642091A CN 106642091 A CN106642091 A CN 106642091A CN 201611173011 A CN201611173011 A CN 201611173011A CN 106642091 A CN106642091 A CN 106642091A
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- flue gas
- secondary air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
- F23C10/02—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed
- F23C10/04—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone
- F23C10/08—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases
- F23C10/10—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases the separation apparatus being located outside the combustion chamber
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
- F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
- F23C10/20—Inlets for fluidisation air, e.g. grids; Bottoms
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a low-nitrogen combustion method of a fluidized-bed boiler. According to a nitrogen oxide generation principle, a three-grade combustion region with high reducing property, weak reducing property and oxidization is formed in a height direction of a hearth through coupling air grading and recycled flue gas grading combustion technologies; the low-nitrogen combustion method has the effects of remarkably slowing down combustion intensity of a dense phase region of the hearth, controlling a combustion temperature of the dense phase region of the hearth, improving the distribution uniformity of a whole temperature of the hearth and inhibiting temperature type nitrogen oxide generation; and meanwhile the generation of fuel type nitrogen oxide is greatly reduced, and the generated nitrogen oxide can be reduced into nitrogen gas.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fluidized bed combustion field, is related to a kind of stream coupled with flue gas recycled classification based on air
Change bed low nitrogen burning method.
Background technology
Fluidized bed combustion is recent two decades come the boiler New combustion technique for rising, and with fuel wide, efficiency of combustion is adapted to
High, load variations scope is big, and the relatively low advantage of discharged nitrous oxides is main force's type of furnace of current clean coal combustion technology,
It is widely used in coal-fired industry and thermoelectricity field.But as environmental pressure is increasingly serious, country is to environmental emission standard
Require more strictly, in December, 2,015 three ministries and commissions of State Council issue《Implement in full coal-burning power plant's minimum discharge and reducing energy consumption
Programme of work》Regulation, the coal-burning power plant that the whole nation possesses transformation condition need to realize minimum discharge before the year two thousand twenty, and eastern region need to be
Completed before 2017, minimum discharge is distinctly claimed discharged nitrous oxides concentration NOx≤50 mg/Nm in flue gas3（O2=
6%）.However, fluidized-bed combustion boiler nitrogen oxides is originally generated concentration, although than other type of furnaces more relatively low, but furnace outlet is dense
Degree is still 200mg/Nm3-300 mg/Nm3, Earlier designs manufacture fluidized-bed combustion boiler be even as high as 400mg/Nm3, significantly larger than
Minimum discharge required concentration of emission for reaching in specifying.Therefore, if existing coal-burning boiler does not take any measure, basic nothing
Method meets current environmental requirement.How under the premise of boiler combustion efficiency is guaranteed, discharged nitrous oxides concentration is greatly lowered, it is full
Sufficient coal-burning boiler minimum discharge is required, to realizing that minimum discharge has important practical significance with target for energy-saving and emission-reduction.
The control method of nitrogen oxides from coal-fired boiler mainly has in combustion process flue gas control after control and burning.It is burned
Control in journey mainly by air classification, fuel staging, air-coal separating or（With）The low-NO_x combustion technologies such as flue gas recirculation are to combustion
Burner or combustion zone are improved, and are formed reducing atmosphere and are suppressed nitrogen oxides to produce, out of stock relatively inefficient, but with equipment body
Product little, initial investment it is few, substantially without operating cost the advantages of；Flue gas control after burning, i.e., spray into also in boiler emission flue gas
The nitrogen oxides reducing/oxidizing for having generated is become N by former agent/oxidant2.At present, flue gas it is out of stock control mainly with SNCR with
The out of stock technologies of SCR are most representative, with of a relatively high denitration efficiency, are particularly adapted to large-scale coal-fired power station boiler, but deposit
It is that equipment volume is big, initial investment is big, operating cost is high, and longtime running causes the secondary pollution and shadow that the escaping of ammonia causes
The problems such as rattle portion flue surface.Meanwhile, environment protection emission index request is increasingly strict（As specified in present GB 13223-2011
NOx ≤ 100 mg/Nm3, regulation NOx≤50 mg/Nm in the minimum discharge that will implement3, O2= 6%）, due to any de-
Pin method is all that, with optimal out of stock efficiency, although existing coal-burning boiler meets existing discharge index, but generally needs again
Transformation, could meet new discharge standard；Although the out of stock efficiency of the out of stock control of flue gas is higher, even if disclosure satisfy that current standard,
But due to coal-burning boiler, to be initially generated concentration higher, higher than its optimal out of stock efficiency, it is difficult to directly meet new minimum discharge mark
It is accurate, it usually needs to combine other out of stock measures.
To meet minimum discharge standard, out of stock technology is combined using the out of stock mode of low nitrogen burning and flue gas, cause people
Extensive concern.When combining out of stock, low-NO_x combustion technology in addition to above-mentioned advantage, also with low cost, short construction period, to flue gas
Out of stock systematic influence is little, the out of stock pressure of reducing smoke, reduce flue gas sold out operation cost the advantages of.But so far, relevant stream
Fluidized bed boiler is relatively fewer using the research report of low-NO_x combustion technology, although most of fluidized-bed combustion boiler, particularly recycle stream
Fluidized bed boiler employs relatively simple air classification technology, but early stage is paid little attention to environmental protection, is manufacturing and designing fluid bed
During boiler, fluidized bed material laminarization characteristic is only focused on, focus on boiler combustion efficiency, pursue boiler thermal output, or even excess load fortune
The traditional design theories such as row, cause the First air air distribution of actual motion than bigger than normal, air classification DeGrain, cause classification combustion
Burn effect relatively low.Therefore, the Researched of Air Staging Combustion Burning Pulverized Coal of fluidized-bed combustion boiler reproducibility region point in air classification proportioning, combustion zone
The aspects such as cloth, Secondary Air incidence characteristic and Entraining Effect have larger improves space.Therefore, the present invention is based on coupling air
Classification and flue gas recycled fractional combustion Design Conception, build a kind of fluid bed low-NO_x burner.
The content of the invention
Present invention is primarily intended to reducing fluid-bed combustion boiler nitrogen oxides is originally generated concentration, there is provided one kind is based on sky
The fluid bed low nitrogen burning method that gas is coupled with flue gas recycled classification.
Device in the present invention includes primary air fan, overfire air fan, air compartment, burner hearth, cyclone separator, heating surface afterbody cigarette
Road, deduster, air-introduced machine, chimney, recirculation blower.The burner hearth hypomere is variable cross-section emulsion zone, middle epimere is that uiform section is dilute
Phase region；Superheater, economizer, air preheater are provided with from top to bottom in the back-end surfaces flue（Primary and secondary air）.
The primary air fan outlet passes through primary air piping Jing air preheaters（First air）The connection air compartment left and right sides is provided with
Primary air nozzle entrance, overfire air fan outlet air preheater is connected by secondary air channel（Secondary Air）Entrance, air preheater
（Secondary Air）The secondary air channel of outlet connection is divided into upper and lower secondary air channel, and upper and lower secondary air channel connects respectively upper and lower Secondary Air
Tank inlet, upper and lower secondary air box exports the upper and lower Secondary Air that the upper and lower Secondary Air arms of Jing are provided with respectively with variable cross-section emulsion zone
Entrance is connected, and forms classifired combustion.Flue gas recycled pipeline is provided between the air-introduced machine outlet and chimney, is being followed again
Ring flue is provided with recirculation blower, and recirculation blower outlet is provided with flue gas recycled stepped pipeline in parallel, respectively with wind
Flue gas recycled entrance, the connection of lower secondary air box arrival end that room both sides are provided with, form flue gas recycled classification, recirculation blower
Control and regulation amount of flue gas emission, flue gas recycled stepped pipeline is respectively equipped with each stepped pipeline exhaust gas volumn of regulation valve regulation.
The upper Secondary Air entrance that the variable cross-section emulsion zone is provided with is arranged at upper end in emulsion zone, each upper Secondary Air porch
In same absolute altitude；The lower Secondary Air entrance that variable cross-section emulsion zone is provided with is arranged at lower end in emulsion zone, each lower Secondary Air porch
In same absolute altitude.
Upper Secondary Air inlet axis incident direction enters relative to downward-sloping 0 degree of -20 degree of horizontal direction, each upper Secondary Air
The incident wind speed of mouth should be controlled in 40m/s -80m/s；When upper Secondary Air incident direction inclination angle is 0 degree, two can be fully demonstrated
Secondary wind air classification effect, and can emulsion zone granule density formed depressor effect, prevent a large amount of burning particles to be carried to dilute
Phase region；When upper Secondary Air is 80m/s, while the penetrability and rigidity for ensureing Secondary Air, if can cause in increase it is undue
Emulsion zone granule density, it is very few to cause to be carried to dilute-phase zone particle concentration, causes burner hearth upper and lower temperature difference excessive, causes with motionless
Burning load.Under described secondary inlet axis incident direction relative to horizontal direction it is downward-sloping 10 degree -35 degree, it is each under it is secondary
Wind entrance incidence wind speed should be controlled in 60m/s -120m/s；Lower Secondary Air incident direction for it is downward-sloping be 10 degree, Neng Gouti
Now secondary air grading effect, such as inclination angle reduces again, and emulsion zone bottom oxygen amount can be caused to supplement in time, easily causes
Bottom anoxic, or local coking phenomenon；When lower Secondary Air inclination angle is less, Secondary Air incidence wind speed can bring up to 120m/s, have
There are enough rigidity and penetrability, if wind speed is further added by, can cause that lower secondary air box wind is excessive greatly, overfire air fan power consumption is excessive.
Two grades of flue gas recycleds of the flue gas recycled stepped pipeline conveying are secondary with lower Secondary Air pipeline
Wind mixes in lower secondary air box arrival end, the lower secondary air bellow static pressure of increase, improves lower secondary air stiffness and penetrability.
The flue gas recycled entrance that the air compartment left and right sides is provided with, its each side entrance arrangement can be single entrance
Arrange, or double entrances are arranged symmetrically primary air nozzle both sides, or multiple entry circumference is sufficiently mixed one in First air inlet ambient
Secondary wind and one-level flue gas recycled.
The air compartment left and right sides is provided with flue gas recycled inlet axis direction and has one with First air inlet axis direction
It is incorporated into and penetrates inclination angle, incident angle is 0 degree of -30 degree；The flue gas recycled inlet flue gas or（With）First air inlet air has
There is setting flow velocity, Entraining Effect is produced to ambient gas.
The flue gas recycled entrance that the air compartment both sides are provided with, when using the single entrance arrangement per side, can be with First air
Entrance forms quadrangle tangential circle mode and arranges, entrance absolute altitude is located at air compartment middle and lower part.
Flue gas recycled pipeline, recirculation blower and the recycling in parallel being provided between the fan outlet and chimney
Flue gas stepped pipeline is provided with anti-corrosion and heat-insulation layer.
The flue gas recycled stepped pipeline in parallel that the recirculation blower outlet is provided with,（Can also, or）Respectively with First air
Machine entrance, the connection of lower secondary air box arrival end, tissue flue gas recycled classification.
Using apparatus of the present invention carry out low nitrogen burning method for the primary air flow, secondary air flow, flue gas recycled amount it is equal
Can adjust, First air ratio, Secondary Air ratio, flue gas recycled ratio can be controlled in 25%-60%, 40%-75%, 10%-40% scope it
Between；Upper and lower Secondary Air increases than allotment according to boiler load, and lower Secondary Air is than reducing, upper Secondary Air is carried out than increasing principle.
I and II flue gas recycled ratio is controlled respectively in the range of 60%-100%, 0%-40% according to boiler load and coal type change.It is based on
Above-mentioned air is classified coupling combustion with flue gas recycled, and in variable cross-section emulsion zone bottom excess air coefficient about 0.6-0.8 is formed
Strong reducing property atmosphere, the week reduction gas of the emulsion zone excess air coefficient about 0.8-1.0 between upper and lower Secondary Air entrance
Atmosphere, in upper Secondary Air entrance with the oxidisability combustion zone of upper furnace zone forming amount air coefficient about 1.1-1.3.
Carrying out low nitrogen burning process using apparatus of the present invention is：The ignition of the boiler normally after operation, opens reduced air
Machine, according to the boiler load, lower ignition temperature, the oxygen at furnace exit and NOx concentration height of burner hearth boiling, conveying recycling cigarette
Gas, while reducing primary air flow, increases secondary air flow, regulates and controls flue gas recycled total amount by recirculation blower, using recycling
The control and regulation valve that stepped pipeline is provided with adjusts respectively I and II flue gas recycled amount proportioning；One-level flue gas recycled and one
Secondary blower fan is conveyed Jing the First air of air preheater preheating and enters burner hearth fluidized bed material after uniform mixing in air compartment, close in burner hearth bottom
Phase region carries out low oxygen combustion, reduces the lower bed temperature of emulsion zone boiling, suppresses temperature mode NO_x formation, while generating a large amount of reproducibilities
Gas CO, forms strong reducing property atmosphere area, suppresses fuel NO to generate；Two grades of flue gas recycleds are conveyed with overfire air fan
After secondary air box uniformly mixes under Jing the lower Secondary Air of empty preheater preheating, burner hearth is injected by lower Secondary Air inlet at high close
Phase region middle and lower part, produces strong suction and rolls up effect, strengthens the flow disturbance in the region, the oxygen amount in aftercombustion emulsion zone, shape
Into weak reducing atmosphere area, further suppress NO_x formation, while nitrogen oxides reduction will be generated；Overfire air fan conveys Jing
The upper Secondary Air of empty preheater preheating injects at a high speed burner hearth emulsion zone middle and upper part by upper overfiren air port, produces Entraining Effect, increases
Strong disturbance, forms the burning-out zone of oxidizing atmosphere；Couple with flue gas recycled two-stage according to the air, burner hearth is divided into into close phase
The three of the strong reducing property combustion zone of area bottom, the week reduction combustion zone of emulsion zone middle and upper part and dilute-phase zone oxidisability burning-out zone
Level combustion process, can significantly inhibit NO_x formation, prevent the secondary generation of nitrogen oxides, advantageously reduce burner hearth boiling it is lower with
The temperature difference between furnace outlet, improves boiler load excursion.
It is an advantage of the invention that the present invention is according to NO_x formation principle, by coupling space stage gas and flue gas recycled
Grading combustion technology, forms the three-level combustion zone of strong reducing property, week reduction, oxidisability, with notable in furnace height direction
Burner hearth emulsion zone combustion intensity is significantly slowed simultaneously, burner hearth emulsion zone ignition temperature is controlled, and improves the distribution of burner hearth bulk temperature equal
Even property, suppresses temperature mode nitrogen oxidation to produce；Fuel NO generation is substantially reduced simultaneously, and can be by the nitrogen oxidation for having generated
Thing was nitrogen originally；Flue gas recycled is sent directly into by air compartment and secondary air box by recirculation blower, primary and secondary air can be reduced
Electromechanics consumption, it is to avoid flue gas recycled is to fan blade, the corrosion of air preheater heat exchanger tube internal face；After avoiding long-play
Air quantity device for pressure measurement in erosion of the dust granules to draught fan impeller in flue gas recycled, and first and second airduct of obstruction；This
Invention also have simple structure, easy to operate, rebuilding construction cycle is short, cost is relatively low, take up an area space it is less the advantages of, especially fit
Should transform in early stage fluidized-bed combustion boiler low nitrogen burning.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is apparatus structure schematic diagram in the present invention；
Fig. 2 is another kind of structure arrangement schematic diagram of device in the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the incident inclination angle schematic diagram of First air and one-level flue gas recycled；
Fig. 4 illustrates to be intended to for the arrangement between First air and one-level flue gas recycled；
Fig. 5 is that First air arranges schematic diagram with one-level flue gas recycled quadrangle tangential circle.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings 1 couple of present invention elaborates.
As shown in figure 1, apparatus of the present invention include primary air fan 17, overfire air fan 18, air compartment 1, burner hearth 3, cyclone separator
5th, back-end surfaces flue 11, deduster 20, air-introduced machine 22, chimney 21, recirculation blower 24.The burner hearth hypomere is variable cross-section
Emulsion zone 2, middle epimere are uiform section dilute-phase zone 4；Superheater 10, economizer is provided with from top to bottom in the back-end surfaces flue
12nd, air preheater 13（Primary and secondary air）.
Primary air fan outlet passes through the Jing air preheaters of primary air piping 15（First air）The connection air compartment left and right sides is provided with
Primary air nozzle entrance, overfire air fan entrance 19 connects air preheater by corresponding outlet Jing secondary air channels 14（Secondary Air）Enter
Mouthful, air preheater（Secondary Air）The secondary air channel 14 of outlet connection is divided into upper and lower secondary air channel, upper and lower secondary air channel difference
The entrance of secondary air box 6, the entrance of lower secondary air box 7 in connection, the upper and lower Secondary Air arms of upper and lower secondary air box outlet Jing respectively with
The upper and lower Secondary Air entrance that variable cross-section emulsion zone is provided with is connected, and forms classifired combustion；The air-introduced machine 22 export with
Flue gas recycled pipeline 23 is provided between chimney, recirculation blower 24, recirculation blower outlet are provided with flue gas recycled pipeline
Flue gas recycled stepped pipeline in parallel 8,9 is provided with, the flue gas recycled entrance that is provided with air compartment both sides respectively, lower secondary air box enter
The connection of mouth end, forms flue gas recycled classification, and recirculation blower control and regulation amount of flue gas emission, flue gas recycled stepped pipeline is distinguished
It is provided with each stepped pipeline exhaust gas volumn of regulation valve regulation.
The upper Secondary Air entrance that variable cross-section emulsion zone is provided with is arranged at upper end in emulsion zone, and each upper Secondary Air entrance is in same
One absolute altitude；The lower Secondary Air entrance that variable cross-section emulsion zone is provided with is arranged at lower end in emulsion zone, and each lower Secondary Air entrance is in same
One absolute altitude.
Upper Secondary Air inlet axis incident direction enters relative to downward-sloping 0 degree of -20 degree of horizontal direction, each upper Secondary Air
The incident wind speed of mouth should be controlled in 40m/s -80m/s；When upper Secondary Air incident direction inclination angle is 0 degree, two can be fully demonstrated
Secondary wind air classification effect, and can emulsion zone granule density formed depressor effect, prevent a large amount of burning particles to be carried to dilute
Phase region.When upper Secondary Air is 80m/s, while the penetrability and rigidity for ensureing Secondary Air, if can cause in increase it is undue
Emulsion zone granule density, it is very few to cause to be carried to dilute-phase zone particle concentration, causes burner hearth upper and lower temperature difference excessive, causes with motionless
Burning load.Under described secondary inlet axis incident direction relative to horizontal direction it is downward-sloping 10 degree -35 degree, it is each under it is secondary
Wind entrance incidence wind speed should be controlled in 60m/s -120m/s；Lower Secondary Air incident direction for it is downward-sloping be 10 degree, Neng Gouti
Now secondary air grading effect, such as inclination angle reduces again, and emulsion zone bottom oxygen amount can be caused to supplement in time, easily causes
Bottom anoxic, or local coking phenomenon；When lower Secondary Air inclination angle is less, Secondary Air incidence wind speed can bring up to 120m/s, have
There are enough rigidity and penetrability, if wind speed is further added by, can cause that lower secondary air box wind is excessive greatly, overfire air fan power consumption is excessive.
Two grades of flue gas recycleds of flue gas recycled stepped pipeline conveying exist with the lower Secondary Air of lower Secondary Air pipeline
Lower secondary air box arrival end mixing, the lower secondary air bellow static pressure of increase, improves lower secondary air stiffness and penetrability.
The flue gas recycled entrance that the air compartment left and right sides is provided with, its each side entrance arrangement can be single entrance cloth
Put, or double entrances are arranged symmetrically primary air nozzle both sides, or multiple entry circumference is sufficiently mixed once in First air inlet ambient
Wind and one-level flue gas recycled, are shown in Fig. 4.
The air compartment left and right sides is provided with flue gas recycled inlet axis direction and has one to be incorporated into First air inlet axis direction
Inclination angle is penetrated, incident angle is 0 degree of -30 degree；Flue gas recycled inlet flue gas or（With）First air inlet air has setting stream
Ambient gas are produced Entraining Effect by speed, see Fig. 3.
The flue gas recycled entrance that air compartment both sides are provided with, when using the single entrance arrangement per side, can be with First air entrance
Form quadrangle tangential circle mode to arrange, entrance absolute altitude is located at air compartment middle and lower part, sees Fig. 5.
Flue gas recycled pipeline, recirculation blower and the flue gas recycled in parallel being provided between fan outlet and chimney
Stepped pipeline is provided with anti-corrosion and heat-insulation layer.
The flue gas recycled stepped pipeline in parallel that recirculation blower outlet is provided with,（Can also, or）Enter with primary air fan respectively
Mouth 16, lower secondary air box arrival end connection, tissue flue gas recycled classification, is shown in Fig. 2.
Primary air flow, secondary air flow, flue gas recycled amount is adjustable, and First air ratio, Secondary Air ratio, flue gas recycled ratio can
Control is in the range of 25%-60%, 40%-75%, 10%-40%；Upper and lower Secondary Air increases than allotment according to boiler load, under it is secondary
Wind is than reducing, upper Secondary Air is carried out than increasing principle.I and II flue gas recycled ratio is distinguished according to boiler load with coal type change
Control is in the range of 60%-100%, 0%-40%.Based on above-mentioned air and flue gas recycled fractional combustion is coupled, in the close phase of variable cross-section
The strong reducing property atmosphere of excess air coefficient about 0.6-0.8, the emulsion zone mistake between upper and lower Secondary Air entrance are formed on area bottom
The weak reducing atmosphere of amount air coefficient about 0.8-1.0, upper Secondary Air entrance with upper furnace zone forming amount air coefficient about
1.1-1.3 oxidisability combustion zone.Such as allocated by flue gas recycled, when First air ratio is reduced to into 25%（Account for total blast volume）, one
Level flue gas recycled amount should account for more than 80%, while ensureing that bed is fully fluidized, in burner hearth bottom the close phase of strong reducing property be formed
Area, i.e. excess air coefficient are about the strong reducing property atmosphere of 0.6-0.8, if First air is reduced than again, can cause emulsion zone bottom
Portion's severe depletion of oxygen, can cause pulverized coal particle to liquefy, and not be directly burning, pulverized coal particle coking phenomenon easily occur, reduce fluidisation
Bed combustion stability.
After ignition of the boiler normally runs, recirculation blower is opened, according to the boiler load, the lower burning temperature of burner hearth boiling
Degree, oxygen at furnace exit and NOx concentration height, conveys flue gas recycled, while reducing primary air flow, increases secondary air flow, leads to
Recirculation blower regulation and control flue gas recycled total amount is crossed, the control and regulation valve being provided with using recycling stepped pipeline is adjusted respectively
I and II flue gas recycled amount proportioning；One-level flue gas recycled conveys the First air of Jing air preheaters preheating in wind with primary air fan
Burner hearth fluidized bed material is entered after indoor uniform mixing, in burner hearth bottom emulsion zone low oxygen combustion is carried out, reduced emulsion zone boiling and leave the bed
Temperature, suppresses temperature mode NO_x formation, while generating a large amount of reducibility gas CO, forms strong reducing property atmosphere area, suppresses combustion
Material type NO_x formation；Two grades of flue gas recycleds convey secondary under the lower Secondary Air Jing that Jing sky preheaters are preheated with overfire air fan
Bellows uniformly after mixing, by lower Secondary Air inlet at high burner hearth emulsion zone middle and lower part are injected, and produce strong suction volume effect, are strengthened
Flow disturbance in the region, the oxygen amount in aftercombustion emulsion zone forms weak reducing atmosphere area, further suppresses nitrogen oxidation
Thing is generated, while nitrogen oxides reduction will be generated；The upper Secondary Air of overfire air fan conveying Jing sky preheater preheatings is by upper secondary
Burner hearth emulsion zone middle and upper part is injected at a high speed in air port, produces Entraining Effect, strengthens disturbance, forms the burning-out zone of oxidizing atmosphere；According to
Couple with flue gas recycled two-stage according to the air, burner hearth is divided in strong reducing property combustion zone, the emulsion zone of emulsion zone bottom
The week reduction combustion zone on top and the three-level combustion process of dilute-phase zone oxidisability burning-out zone, can significantly inhibit nitrogen oxides
Generate, prevent the secondary generation of nitrogen oxides, advantageously reduce the lower temperature difference and furnace outlet between of burner hearth boiling, improve boiler load and become
Change scope.
The present invention in combination with flue gas recycled grading combustion technology, is formed in burner hearth by air classification along short transverse
Significantly strong reducing property burning, week reduction burning, oxidisability after-flame three-level combustion zone, reduce fuel NO shape
Into, while significantly slowing burner hearth emulsion zone combustion intensity, burner hearth emulsion zone ignition temperature is controlled, improve the distribution of burner hearth bulk temperature
Uniformity, suppresses temperature mode nitrogen oxidation to produce.Flue gas recycled is sent directly into into air compartment and secondary air box using recirculation blower,
Reduce the electromechanical consumption of primary and secondary air, it is to avoid flue gas is to fan blade, the corrosion of air preheater heat exchanger tube internal face；When avoiding long
Between run after erosion of the dust granules to draught fan impeller in flue gas, and air quantity manometer measurement apparatus are blocked.The present invention
Also have simple structure, easy to operate, rebuilding construction cycle is short, cost is relatively low, take up an area space it is less the advantages of, be particularly adapted to
Early stage fluidized-bed combustion boiler low nitrogen burning is transformed.
By using apparatus of the present invention and low nitrogen burning method, can reach following effect：Between boiler load 40%-110%
During change, oxygen at furnace exit can be controlled in 2%-5%, can control nitrogen oxides and be originally generated concentration simultaneously, it is ensured that boiler fires
Efficiency is burnt, boiler thermal output affects less；Boiler nitrous oxides concentration is originally generated concentration ratio transformation front more than 50%.
The present invention is applied to coal-fired fluidized bed boiler.The foregoing is only the preferable case study on implementation of the present invention, Fan Yibenfa
The impartial change that bright application range is made and modification, should all belong to the covering scope of patent of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. fluidized-bed combustion boiler low nitrogen burning method, the fluidized-bed combustion boiler used described in the method include primary air fan, overfire air fan,
Air compartment, burner hearth, cyclone separator, back-end surfaces flue, deduster, air-introduced machine, chimney, recirculation blower；Under the burner hearth
Section is variable cross-section emulsion zone, middle epimere is uiform section dilute-phase zone；Be provided with from top to bottom in the back-end surfaces flue superheater,
Economizer, First air air preheater and air preheater of secondary air, primary air fan outlet is empty by primary air piping Jing First airs
The primary air nozzle entrance that the air preheater connection air compartment left and right sides is provided with, overfire air fan outlet passes through secondary air channel connecting secondary wind
Air preheater entrance, the secondary air channel of air preheater of secondary air outlet connection is divided into upper and lower secondary air channel, upper and lower secondary
Airduct connects respectively upper and lower secondary air box entrance；The upper and lower Secondary Air arms of upper and lower secondary air box outlet Jing respectively with variable cross-section
The upper and lower Secondary Air entrance that emulsion zone is provided with is connected, and forms classifired combustion；Air-introduced machine is exported and is provided with again and between chimney
Circulating flue gas pipeline, is provided with recirculation blower on flue gas recycled pipeline, and recirculation blower outlet is provided with recycling cigarette in parallel
Gas stepped pipeline, the flue gas recycled entrance being provided with air compartment both sides respectively, lower secondary air box arrival end are connected, and form recycling
Flue gas is classified, and recirculation blower control and regulation amount of flue gas emission, flue gas recycled stepped pipeline is respectively equipped with each point of valve regulation of regulation
Level tunnel gas amount, it is characterised in that：After ignition of the boiler normally runs, open recirculation blower, according to the boiler load,
Lower ignition temperature, the oxygen at furnace exit and NOx concentration height of burner hearth boiling, conveys flue gas recycled, while reducing primary air flow, increases
Big secondary air flow, by recirculation blower flue gas recycled total amount is regulated and controled, and the control being provided with using recycling stepped pipeline is adjusted
Section valve adjusts respectively I and II flue gas recycled amount proportioning；One-level flue gas recycled is empty pre- with primary air fan conveying Jing First airs
The First air of device preheating enters burner hearth fluidized bed material in air compartment after uniform mixing, and in burner hearth bottom emulsion zone hypoxemia combustion is carried out
Burn, reduce the lower bed temperature of emulsion zone boiling, suppress temperature mode NO_x formation, while generating a large amount of reducibility gas CO, form strong
Reducing atmosphere area, suppresses fuel NO to generate；Two grades of flue gas recycleds are empty pre- with overfire air fan conveying Jing Secondary Airs
The lower Secondary Air of hot device preheating after the uniform mixing of secondary air box, is injected in burner hearth emulsion zone under by lower Secondary Air inlet at high
Bottom, produces strong suction and rolls up effect, strengthens the flow disturbance in the region, and the oxygen amount in aftercombustion emulsion zone, formation is weak also
Originality atmosphere area, further suppresses NO_x formation, while nitrogen oxides reduction will be generated；Overfire air fan conveys Jing Secondary Airs
The upper Secondary Air of empty preheater preheating injects at a high speed burner hearth emulsion zone middle and upper part by upper overfiren air port, produces Entraining Effect, increases
Strong disturbance, forms the burning-out zone of oxidizing atmosphere.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The primary air flow, secondary air flow, flue gas recycled amount are equal
Adjustable, First air ratio, Secondary Air ratio, flue gas recycled ratio are can be controlled in the range of 25%-60%, 40%-75%, 10%-40%；Upper,
Lower Secondary Air increases than allotment according to boiler load, and Secondary Air is carried out than principle on the lower Secondary Air ratio of reduction, increase；I and II
Flue gas recycled ratio is controlled respectively in the range of 60%-100%, 0%-40% according to boiler load and coal type change；Based on above-mentioned coupling
Air and flue gas recycled fractional combustion are closed, excess air coefficient is formed for the strong also of 0.6-0.8 in variable cross-section emulsion zone bottom
Originality atmosphere, the emulsion zone excess air coefficient between upper and lower Secondary Air entrance is the weak reducing atmosphere of 0.8-1.0, upper
Oxidisability combustion zone of the Secondary Air entrance with upper furnace zone forming amount air coefficient as 1.1-1.3.
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