CN209836100U - Biomass circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler and gasifier coupling power generation co-production active carbon system - Google Patents
Biomass circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler and gasifier coupling power generation co-production active carbon system Download PDFInfo
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- CN209836100U CN209836100U CN201920201632.2U CN201920201632U CN209836100U CN 209836100 U CN209836100 U CN 209836100U CN 201920201632 U CN201920201632 U CN 201920201632U CN 209836100 U CN209836100 U CN 209836100U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a biomass circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler and gasification furnace coupling power generation co-production active carbon system, which comprises a gasification activation device, a biomass circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler and a turbo generator unit; the gasification activation device comprises a gasification system and an activation system, biomass raw materials are sent into the gasification system to be gasified to generate cracked combustible gas and biomass charcoal, the cracked combustible gas is introduced into a biomass circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler through gas combustion equipment, and is introduced into a fluidized air chamber through a gas nozzle to pre-combust and heat the biomass materials; and the biomass charcoal generated by gasification of the gasification system is sent to an activation system for activation, and then the activated charcoal is generated and sent out. The utility model provides a can alleviate the energy availability factor low scheduling problem of current living beings circulating fluidized bed direct combustion boiler bed material sintering, heating surface deposition, corruption, biomass feedstock, can effectively improve biomass power plant economic benefits's the coupling electricity generation coproduction active carbon system who is applicable to living beings circulating fluidized bed direct combustion boiler.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the biomass energy comprehensive utilization field, concretely relates to living beings circulating fluidized bed direct combustion boiler and gasifier coupling electricity generation coproduction active carbon system.
Background
Biomass energy is a renewable clean energy source, has rich sources, and is the fourth energy source next to coal, petroleum and natural gas in the world energy consumption. The development and utilization of biomass fuels become a consensus in the world, and direct combustion is the most important way for the utilization of biomass resources in China at present.
At present, two types of boilers for burning biomass are mainly used, one type is a grate type grate firing boiler, and the other type is a fluidized bed boiler. Because the technology of the circulating fluidized bed in China is mature day by day, and the biomass fuel fired by adopting the technology of the circulating fluidized bed breaks through the technical bottleneck, the technology becomes the first choice of the biomass power generation boiler in China at present due to wide fuel adaptability, stable operation, excellent load regulation, environmental protection performance and low cost. However, the circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler has certain problems in biomass combustion, which are mainly shown in the following aspects.
(1) The biomass has high content of alkali metals such as potassium, sodium and the like, and is directly combusted with SiO in the bed material of the circulating fluidized bed under the high-temperature condition2The eutectic with low melting point is generated through reaction, the eutectic is melted at high temperature of a hearth and flows along gaps of sand to bond sand grains, and blocks are formed to cause sintering of bed materials and influence operation of a boiler.
(2) Due to the fact that the content of potassium and chlorine in the biomass is high, ash after combustion contains a large amount of alkali metal salt, and ash deposition on a convection heating surface is easily caused; alkali metal salt in the ash has low melting point and is easy to condense on a high-temperature heating surface at the tail of the boiler, so that high-temperature corrosion of the heating surface is caused, and the safety and the stability of power plant boiler equipment are seriously influenced.
(3) The biomass fuel entering a furnace of the biomass fluidized bed boiler which is operated at home at present generally has high water content, ignition is correspondingly delayed after the fuel enters the furnace, the effective retention time of the fuel in the furnace is short, the combustion efficiency is reduced, and the fuel consumption is increased; the ignition delay causes the upper temperature of the hearth to be higher, so that the pipe wall of the superheater is in danger of overtemperature; the bed temperature control of the dense-phase region of the boiler becomes difficult, and the low-load stable combustion level of the boiler is reduced.
(4) The operating temperature of the biomass circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler is generally about 800 ℃, the tar content in the flue gas is high, the flue gas is viscous, the flue gas is easy to coke on a high-temperature heating surface, the corrosion of the heating surface is caused, the heat exchange efficiency of the heating surface is reduced, and the overall efficiency of the boiler is further influenced.
(5) The economic benefit of the biomass power plant depends on the price of the biomass raw material to a great extent, the biomass raw material accounts for about 60% of the operating cost of the biomass power plant, and along with the increase of the price of the biomass raw material, the current medium-temperature and medium-pressure power plant can only operate slightly if the power plant cannot supply heat, so that the profit is difficult to realize.
Therefore, how to relieve the problems of bed material sintering, ash accumulation on a heating surface, corrosion and the like of the existing circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler of the biomass power plant by a small reconstruction cost is a key for the development of the biomass circulating fluidized bed direct-fired power plant, and meanwhile, the comprehensive utilization value of biomass raw materials is considered, and the economic benefit of the biomass power plant is improved.
Chinese patent application CN108003937A discloses a device and a method for biomass direct-fired boiler coupling biomass gasification co-production of charcoal, wherein biomass fuel gas produced by the biomass direct-fired boiler coupling biomass gasification co-production device is sprayed into a hearth from the middle part and the middle lower part of the biomass direct-fired boiler for combustion. However, the fuel gas is sprayed into the hearth from the lower part of the direct-fired boiler, so that the possibility of alkali metal corrosion on the heating surface in the direct-fired boiler caused by the precipitation of alkali metal in the biomass is increased; the gas is sprayed into the hearth from the middle part of the direct-fired boiler, so that the flame center of the hearth moves upwards, and the temperature of the exhaust smoke is increased.
Chinese patent application CN105441134A discloses a system and a method for a biomass pyrolysis gas combustion-supporting direct-fired boiler process, wherein fuel gas generated by a biomass pyrolysis gasifier is subjected to dust removal and purification and then is directly fed into a direct-fired boiler for combustion supporting. The income stove position of biomass gas is near living beings feed inlet in the device, because gas combustion temperature is higher, can make the local bed of direct combustion boiler high temperature when the combustion-supporting biomass fuel of gas, causes the local sintering of bed material near combustion-supporting position.
Chinese patent application CN107245353A discloses a biomass gasification-circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler combined power generation system and a working method, the biomass fluidized bed gasification technology is coupled with a circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler power generation system, thermal circulation is established between the biomass gasification system and the circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler system, the high-temperature part of biomass gasification waste heat is used for heating the water supply of the circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler or steam of a steam turbine system, and the low-temperature part of the gasification waste heat is used for heating gasification air and biomass raw materials, so that the overall energy utilization efficiency of the system is improved. The system adopts the biomass fluidized bed gasification furnace, the yield of the semicoke of the fluidized bed gasification furnace is high under the influence of gasification efficiency, however, the gasified semicoke is not utilized in the system, and the energy utilization rate of biomass raw materials is indirectly reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model discloses a main aim at overcomes the not enough of living beings circulating fluidized bed direct combustion boiler prior art, provides one kind and can alleviate the energy availability factor low scheduling problem of current living beings circulating fluidized bed direct combustion boiler bed material sintering, heating surface deposition, corruption, biomass feedstock, can effectively improve the coupling electricity generation coproduction active carbon system who is applicable to living beings circulating fluidized bed direct combustion boiler of biomass power plant economic benefits.
In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model relates to a biomass circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler and gasification furnace coupling power generation co-production active carbon system, which comprises a gasification activation device, a biomass circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler and a steam turbine generator unit;
the gasification activation device comprises a gasification system and an activation system, biomass raw materials are sent into the gasification system to be gasified to generate cracked combustible gas and biomass charcoal, the cracked combustible gas is introduced into a biomass circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler through gas combustion equipment, and is introduced into a fluidized air chamber through a gas nozzle to pre-combust and heat the biomass materials; the biomass charcoal generated by gasification of the gasification system is sent to an activation system for activation, and then activated charcoal is generated and sent out;
the biomass circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler comprises a biomass feed inlet and a hearth, wherein a fluidizing air chamber is arranged at the bottom of the hearth, a gas combustion auxiliary device is arranged in the fluidizing air chamber and is arranged on two side walls of an original pre-combustion chamber of the fluidizing air chamber, the gas combustion auxiliary device is provided with a plurality of air nozzles and a plurality of gas nozzles, and the air nozzles and the gas nozzles are communicated to the fluidizing air chamber to realize the mixing and pre-combustion of fission combustible gas and air so as to reduce the initial oxygen amount entering the boiler, improve the temperature of air/flue gas entering the boiler and heat biomass materials fed into the hearth;
the biomass circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler is communicated with the evaporation heating surface, the flue gas of the biomass circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler exchanges heat with the evaporation heating surface to generate steam, and the steam is introduced into the steam turbine generator unit to realize steam power generation.
The gas generated by the gasification system is sent into gas combustion auxiliary equipment and is led to the fluidized air chamber for pre-combustion through a gas nozzle;
the biomass circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler is communicated with the evaporation heating surface, flue gas generated by combustion of the biomass circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler exchanges heat with the evaporation heating surface to generate steam, and the steam is introduced into a steam turbine generator unit to realize steam power generation;
or a part of steam generated by the evaporation heating surface is sent to an activation system for activating steam of the biomass charcoal.
Preferably, the gasification system is provided with a gasification chamber, the gasification chamber is provided with a blanking pipe, and the biomass raw material is blanked through the blanking pipe and is decomposed by heat exchange with hot gasification gas outside the blanking pipe;
or the outer wall of the blanking tube is provided with spiral fins for improving heat exchange;
or the gasification activating device is also provided with an air preheater, the flue gas subjected to heat exchange by the evaporation heating surface is introduced into the air preheater for heat exchange to generate hot air, and part of the hot air is sent into a gasification system of the gasification activating device for biomass raw material gasification.
Preferably, the outer wall of the gasification chamber is provided with a jacket layer, and the jacket layer adopts a water cooling jacket to reduce the temperature of the shell of the gasification chamber and the temperature of the gasified fuel gas;
or the inner wall of the gasification chamber is provided with a plurality of layers of gas baffles, and the gas baffles guide the gasified gas of the gasification chamber to form S-shaped circulation along the gas baffles.
Preferably, the gasification system is provided with a feeding chamber for feeding materials into the gasification chamber, the feeding chamber is communicated with the gasification chamber and is provided with a transition chamber, the transition chamber is a material layer formed by stacking biomass materials, and the material layer realizes pre-heat exchange in the transition chamber;
or the feeding chamber is provided with an anti-bridging mechanism, the anti-bridging mechanism comprises a plurality of inclined plates, the inclined plates are arranged on the inner wall of the feeding chamber, and the inclined plates face the channel direction of the feeding chamber to the gasification chamber.
Preferably, the gas combustion auxiliary equipment is arranged on two side walls of the original pre-combustion chamber of the fluidization air chamber and comprises an air pipeline, a gas pipeline, a corresponding valve instrument and the like, wherein the air pipeline and the gas pipeline are respectively provided with a main pipeline and a plurality of branch pipelines communicated with the main pipeline, and the top ends of the air branch pipelines and the gas branch pipelines are respectively provided with an air nozzle and a gas nozzle;
preferably, the ratio of the air nozzle flow area to the gas nozzle flow area is 3:1-4: 1;
or the heat generated by combustion of the gas flowing through the gas nozzle accounts for 20-30% of the total heat of the biomass circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler.
Preferably, the activation system is provided with an activation chamber, the activation chamber is provided with a hood gas distribution plate, and air and steam required by activation of the activation chamber are introduced into the activation chamber through the hood gas distribution plate;
or one side of the hood gas distribution plate, which deviates from the activation chamber, is provided with a mixed wind box of air for activation and steam.
Preferably, the biomass gasification system is also provided with a drying device, wherein the drying device dries a biomass raw material, part of the dried biomass raw material is sent to a gasification activation device, and part of the dried biomass raw material is sent to a direct-fired boiler of the biomass circulating fluidized bed;
or the water content of the dried biomass raw material by the drying equipment is less than or equal to 10 percent;
or the drying equipment is communicated with a flue gas outlet of the activation system, and the drying equipment is introduced into high-temperature flue gas generated by the activation system for drying the biomass raw material.
Preferably, the biomass circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler and the gasifier coupling power generation co-production activated carbon system adopts wood and shell biomass as the raw materials entering the gasification activation device and the biomass circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler, the grain size of the raw materials entering the gasification activation device is less than or equal to 150mm, and the water content is less than or equal to 10%.
Preferably, the gas combustion auxiliary assembly sets up the precombustion chamber both sides wall that the fluidization plenum set up, including air line, gas pipeline, a plurality of air branch pipe of air line intercommunication, air nozzle is equipped with a plurality of and with intercommunication air branch pipe, and the air gets into air nozzle through air branch pipe and leads to the precombustion chamber of fluidization plenum, biomass gasification gas pipeline intercommunication a plurality of gas branch pipe, the gas nozzle is equipped with a plurality of and with intercommunication gas branch pipe, and biomass gasification gas gets into biomass gasification gas nozzle through gas branch pipe and leads to the precombustion chamber of fluidization plenum, air nozzle with the gas nozzle lets in the precombustion chamber mixing precombustion alternately.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model include:
firstly, biomass gasification gas is sent into a hearth from a fluidization air chamber at the bottom of a biomass circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler, the gasification gas and excess air are pre-combusted in a pre-combustion chamber of the fluidization air chamber of the boiler by utilizing an existing ignition device of the direct-fired boiler, and hot flue gas after combustion and uncombusted air are sent into the hearth together. The existing fluidizing air chamber of the circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler is utilized to mix and combust biomass gas and air in the pre-combustion chamber of the fluidizing air chamber, so that the initial oxygen amount entering the boiler can be reduced under the condition of ensuring the normal fluidization of the circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler, and the aim of reducing the generation of NOx is fulfilled. The gasified fuel gas is combusted in the fluidized air chamber, so that the temperature of the flue gas/air entering the furnace is increased, the quick heating of the fuel entering the furnace is facilitated, the temperature field of a hearth is more uniform, and the fuel combustion stability of the fluidized bed boiler is improved.
Secondly, the blanking of the gasification chamber of the gasification system adopts a blanking tubular form to replace the conventional direct blanking, the biomass material falls from the blanking tube, the gasification gas updraft is outside the tube, the indirect heat exchange is carried out between the material in the tube and the gasification gas outside the tube during the falling process, the material at the lower part is heated and decomposed while the temperature of the material is raised, because the gasification gas and the materials are separated by the blanking pipe, the tar and the moisture carried by the pyrolysis gas can not be directly taken away by the pyrolysis gas, but the gas goes upward in the blanking pipe and is cooled and intercepted by the cold material at the upper part and then is continuously carried by the material to fall, the non-condensable volatile gas in the pyrolysis gas rises to the transition chamber and enters the power generation system along with the gasification gas from the gasification gas outlet, thereby not only removing tar and moisture carried in the pyrolysis gas, but also improving the heat value of the gasification gas, and effectively solving the problems of coking and corrosion of a heating surface and the like caused by tar precipitation.
And thirdly, the gasified fuel gas replaces part of biomass to serve as boiler entering fuel of the circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler, the biomass fuel consumption of the direct-fired boiler is reduced, risks of corrosion, ash deposition and the like on the heating surface of the boiler caused by biomass combustion are reduced, alkali metal and ash in the biomass are collected by biomass charcoal in the gasification process to be used for preparing active carbon, the alkali metal content and the ash content of the boiler entering fuel of the direct-fired boiler are reduced, the problems of high-temperature corrosion, ash deposition, abrasion and the like on the heating surface at the tail part of the boiler can be effectively reduced, meanwhile, the additional value of products of the system is increased by the preparation of the active carbon, and the economic benefit of a biomass power plant is.
And fourthly, the high-temperature activated flue gas generated in the activation process is properly cooled and then used for drying the biomass raw materials, so that the water content of the biomass raw materials entering the gasification activation device and the circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler is reduced, the heat value of the gasified fuel gas and the combustion efficiency of the direct-fired boiler are improved, and the low-load stable combustion level of the direct-fired boiler is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a gasification activation device 2 according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the gas combustion auxiliary equipment 4 according to the present invention;
the reference numbers in the figures are: the drying equipment 1, the gasification activation device 2, the feeding port 201, the feeding chamber 202, the main shaft driving motor 203, the main shaft 204, the feeding valve 205, the anti-bridging mechanism 206, the kick-out device I207, the discharge valve 208, the transition chamber 209, the kick-out device II210, the kick-out device III211, the transition chamber gas inlet 212, the gasification gas outlet 213, the gasification chamber 214, the blanking pipe 215, the spiral fins 216, the gas baffle 217, the jacket layer 218, the grate and support mechanism 219, the grate driving mechanism 220, the gasification chamber air inlet 221, the gravity ash discharge valve 222, the activation chamber 223, the mixing wind box 224, the hood gas distribution plate 225, the activation chamber air inlet 226, the activation chamber steam inlet 227, the carbon exhaust pipe 228, the carbon separation chamber 229, the activation flue gas outlet 230, the activated carbon outlet 231, the gas fan 3, the gas combustion auxiliary equipment 4, the main air pipe 401, the branch air pipe 402, the main air nozzle 404, the gas main pipe 403, the gas branch pipe 405, the biomass circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler comprises a gas nozzle 406, a biomass circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler 5, a biomass feeding port 501, a hearth 502, a gas inlet 503, a fluidizing air chamber (containing a precombustion chamber) 504, an evaporation heating surface 6, an air preheater 7, a chimney 8 and a turbo-generator unit 9.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the following figures and examples:
example 1
As shown in figures 1-3, the utility model discloses a living beings circulating fluidized bed direct combustion boiler and gasifier coupling electricity generation coproduction active carbon system utilizes the gasifier with biomass gasification, and the coupling electricity generation in the living beings circulating fluidized bed direct combustion boiler is sent into to the gasification gas of production, and the living beings charcoal of production obtains the active carbon through the activation.
The utility model discloses a living beings circulating fluidized bed direct combustion boiler and gasifier coupling electricity generation coproduction active carbon system, including gasification activation device 2, living beings circulating fluidized bed direct combustion boiler 5 and turbo generator set 9.
The biomass circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler 5 comprises a biomass feeding port 501, a hearth 502, a gas inlet 503 and a fluidizing air chamber 504, wherein the fluidizing air chamber 504 is communicated with a gas combustion auxiliary device 4 through the gas inlet 503, the gas combustion auxiliary device 4 is arranged on two side walls of an original pre-combustion chamber of the fluidizing air chamber 504 and comprises an air pipeline, a gas pipeline, corresponding valve instruments and the like, the air pipeline and the gas pipeline are respectively provided with a main pipeline 401 and a main pipeline 404 and a plurality of branch pipelines 402 and 405 communicated with the main pipeline, the end parts of each air branch pipeline 402 and each gas branch pipeline 405 are respectively provided with an air nozzle 403 and a gas nozzle 406, each air branch pipeline and each gas branch pipeline are respectively provided with an electric switch valve and a pressure gauge so as to realize the regulation and pressure monitoring of air and gas flow, each air nozzle and each gas nozzle are distributed in a staggered manner, and air and biomass gasification, Fully, the air nozzles 403 and the gas nozzles 406 are communicated with the fluidizing air chamber 504 to realize gas and air mixing and pre-combustion, the ratio of the flow area of the air nozzles 403 to the flow area of the gas nozzles 406 is 3:1-4:1, and the heat generated by combustion of the gas flowing through the gas nozzles 406 accounts for 20-30% of the total heat of the biomass circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler.
The fuel of the biomass circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler 5 comprises a biomass raw material and pyrolysis combustible gas. Cracked combustible gas enters a fluidizing air chamber 504 at the bottom of the biomass circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler 5 together with excessive fluidizing air through the gas combustion auxiliary equipment 4, and hot flue gas after the pre-combustion of the cracked combustible gas and the unburned fluidizing air are sent to a hearth 502 of the direct-fired boiler together. While the dried biomass feedstock is fed from the dense phase zone of the direct fired boiler furnace 502 to the furnace for combustion. The heat of the gasified fuel gas accounts for 20-30% of the total heat of the biomass circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler, and the bed material sintering phenomenon of the direct-fired boiler caused by the combustion of the gasified fuel gas and the overhigh temperature of the mixture of the flue gas and the air entering the boiler can be effectively prevented. The gas combustion equipment 4 is provided with a plurality of air nozzles 403 and gas nozzles 406, air and gasified gas are fed into a fluidized air chamber at the bottom of the direct-fired boiler 5 according to a certain proportion, the ratio of the flow area of the air nozzles 403 to the flow area of the gas nozzles 406 is 3:1-4:1, so that the gasified gas is completely combusted in a precombustion chamber of the fluidized air chamber, about 30-40% of initial oxygen amount entering the boiler is consumed, NOx generation is reduced, hot flue gas generated by combustion of the gasified gas is mixed with excessive unburnt air, the temperature of flue gas/air mixture entering the boiler is increased, and rapid heating of fuel entering the boiler is facilitated.
The utility model discloses a pyrolysis combustible gas replaces partial living beings as circulating fluidized bed direct combustion boiler 5's income stove fuel, has reduced biomass circulating fluidized bed direct combustion boiler 5's biomass fuel consumption, has reduced the risk such as boiler heating surface corruption, deposition brought because of the biomass burning. Cracked combustible gas is sent into a hearth 502 from a fluidizing air chamber 504 at the bottom of the biomass circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler 5, the cracked combustible gas and excess air are pre-combusted in the fluidizing air chamber 504 of the boiler by utilizing an existing ignition device of the biomass circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler 5, and hot flue gas after combustion and the unburned air are sent into the hearth together. The existing fluidization air chamber of the circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler 5 is utilized to mix and burn biomass gas and air in the fluidization air chamber, and the initial oxygen amount entering the boiler can be reduced under the condition of ensuring the normal fluidization of the circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler, so that the aim of reducing the generation of NOx is fulfilled. The pyrolysis combustible gas is combusted in the fluidized air chamber, so that the temperature of air entering the furnace is increased, the rapid heating of fuel entering the furnace is facilitated, the temperature field of the hearth is more uniform, and the fuel combustion stability of the biomass circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler 5 is improved.
The biomass circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler 5 and a gasification furnace are coupled to generate electricity and co-produce an active carbon system, the system also comprises a gasification activation device 2, the gasification activation device 2 comprises a gasification system and an activation system, the dry biomass raw material is sent into the gasification system to be gasified, and the biomass carbon generated after the biomass raw material is gasified is sent out after being activated by the activation system 2;
the gas generated by the gasification system is sent to the gas combustion auxiliary equipment 4 and led to the fluidization air chamber 504 for pre-combustion through the gas nozzle 406.
The utility model discloses select for use the structure of gasification activation device and 5 coupling electricity generation of living beings circulating fluidized bed direct combustion boiler, in biomass gasification process, alkali metal and ash content in the living beings are collected by the biomass charcoal and are got off and prepare the active carbon, have reduced living beings circulating fluidized bed direct combustion boiler 5 and have gone into the alkali metal content and the ash content of stove fuel, can effectively reduce the high temperature corrosion of boiler afterbody heating surface, deposition, wearing and tearing scheduling problem. In addition, the gasification activation device can simultaneously prepare the activated carbon, thereby increasing the product added value of the system and improving the economic benefit of the biomass power generation device.
The biomass circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler 5 is communicated with the evaporation heating surface 6, smoke generated by combustion of the biomass circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler 5 exchanges heat with the evaporation heating surface to generate steam, one part of the steam is introduced into the steam turbine generator unit to realize steam power generation, the other part of the steam is sent into the activation system to be used as activated steam of biomass charcoal, heat energy generated by the system is utilized comprehensively, and energy consumption of the steam for activation in the activation system is reduced.
The gasification system is provided with a gasification chamber 214, the gasification chamber 214 is provided with a discharging pipe 215, the biomass raw material is discharged through the discharging pipe 215 and decomposed by heat exchange with fuel gas outside the discharging pipe 215, and the outer wall of the discharging pipe 215 is provided with spiral fins 216 for improving heat exchange.
The biomass raw material enters the gasification chamber 214 through the blanking pipe 215, is ignited from an ignition hole at the lower part of the gasification chamber 214, is blown in air from an air inlet 221 of the gasification chamber through an air blower to be used as a gasifying agent, and is uniformly sent to a reaction area of the gasification chamber from the lower part of the grate 219, the cracked combustible gas rises to the transition chamber 209 from bottom to top, and simultaneously exchanges heat with the biomass raw material in the blanking pipe 215 indirectly to reduce the temperature in the rising process, the biomass raw material in the blanking pipe 215 is pyrolyzed simultaneously, the pyrolysis gas rises to the transition chamber 209 from the blanking pipe 215 and is mixed with the cracked combustible gas to enter the gas combustion auxiliary equipment from a cracked combustible gas outlet 213, so that the combustion efficiency of the cracked combustible gas led out by the gas combustion auxiliary equipment 4 in the.
And the blanking of the gasification chamber adopts a blanking pipe 215 form to replace the conventional direct blanking, the biomass material falls from the blanking pipe 215, the gasification gas updraft is outside the pipe, the indirect heat exchange is carried out between the material in the pipe and the gasification gas outside the pipe in the falling process, the material at the lower part is heated and decomposed when the temperature of the material rises, because the gasified fuel gas and the material are separated by the blanking pipe 215 and do not directly contact and react, the tar and the moisture carried by the pyrolysis gas can not be directly taken away by the pyrolysis gas, but the gas goes upward in the blanking pipe 215 and is cooled and trapped by the upper cold material and then is carried by the material to fall, the non-condensable volatile gas in the pyrolysis gas rises to the transition chamber 209 and enters the power generation system along with the gasification gas from the gasification gas outlet 213, thereby not only removing tar and moisture carried by the pyrolysis gas, but also improving the heat value of the gasification gas, and effectively solving the problems of coking and corrosion of a heating surface and the like caused by tar precipitation.
Spiral fins 216 are arranged on the outer wall of a discharging pipe 215 in a gasification chamber of the gasification activation device and used for enhancing heat exchange between biomass raw materials in the discharging pipe and hot gasification gas outside the discharging pipe and used for heating up and pyrolyzing the biomass raw materials and cooling the hot gasification gas.
The biomass gasification device is also provided with an air preheater 7, the flue gas subjected to heat exchange by the evaporation heating surface 6 is introduced into the air preheater 7 to generate hot air through heat exchange, and part of the hot air is sent into the gasification system of the gasification activation device 2 to be used for biomass raw material gasification, so that the utilization rate of heat energy generated by the system is improved, and the energy consumption of system operation is reduced.
The outer wall of the gasification chamber 214 is provided with a jacket layer 218, and the jacket layer 218 adopts a water cooling jacket to reduce the temperature of the shell of the gasification chamber and the temperature of the gasified fuel gas.
The inner wall of the gasification chamber 214 is provided with a plurality of layers of gas baffles 217, and the gas baffles guide the gasified gas in the gasification chamber 214 to flow along the gas baffles in an S shape. The upward hot gasification gas turns for many times in the gasification chamber, so that the retention time of the gasification gas in the gasification chamber 214 is prolonged, and the heat exchange between the hot gasification gas and the biomass raw material in the blanking pipe 215 is enhanced.
The gasification system is provided with a feeding chamber 202 for feeding materials into a gasification chamber 214, the feeding chamber 202 is communicated with the gasification chamber 214 and is provided with a transition chamber 209, the transition chamber 209 is a material layer formed by stacking biomass materials, and the material layer realizes pre-heat exchange in the transition chamber 209.
The feed chamber 202 is provided with an anti-bridging mechanism 206, and the anti-bridging mechanism 206 includes a plurality of inclined plates, which are mounted on the inner wall of the feed chamber 206 and face the passage direction of the feed chamber 202 to the gasification chamber 214.
The activation system is provided with an activation chamber 223, the activation chamber 223 is provided with a hood gas distribution plate 225, air and steam required for activation are introduced into the activation chamber 223 through the hood gas distribution plate 225, the hood gas distribution plate 225 enables steam-air mixed airflow to be uniformly distributed, the fluidization state of the biomass carbon in the activation chamber is achieved, and the activation reaction of the biomass carbon with activation media such as steam and air is strengthened.
The hood gas distribution plate 225 is provided with a mixing bellows 224 for activating air and steam on the side deviating from the activation chamber.
The biomass circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler is characterized by also comprising a drying device, wherein the drying device is used for drying a biomass raw material, part of the dried biomass raw material is sent to a gasification activation device, and part of the dried biomass raw material is sent to the biomass circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler;
the water content of the dried biomass raw material by the drying equipment is less than or equal to 10 percent;
drying equipment intercommunication the exhanst gas outlet of activation system, drying equipment lets in the high temperature flue gas that activation system generated and is used for biomass raw materials's stoving, and the high temperature activation flue gas that biomass charcoal activation process produced is used for biomass raw materials's stoving after suitably cooling down, has reduced the water content of the income stove biomass raw materials of gasification activation device and circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler 5, has improved the calorific value of gasification gas and the combustion efficiency of direct-fired boiler, improves the low-load steady level of burning of direct-fired boiler simultaneously.
In this embodiment, the gasification system comprises a feeding chamber 202, a transition chamber 209, a gasification chamber 214, an activation chamber 223 and a gas-carbon separation chamber 229, the feeding chamber 202 is installed above the transition chamber 209, the transition chamber 209 is installed above the gasification chamber 214, the gasification chamber 214 is installed on a two-layer platform steel support, the activation system comprises the activation chamber 223, the activation chamber 223 is installed on a one-layer platform steel support of the gasification activation device, and the gas-carbon separation chamber 229 is suspended on the two-layer platform of the gasification activation device and connected above the side of the activation chamber 223.
The biochar activation system in the gasification activation system comprises an activation chamber of a gasification activation device, the activation chamber is installed on a platform steel support of the gasification activation device, an air distribution plate is arranged on the lower portion of the activation chamber, air hoods are arranged on the air distribution plate and used for uniformly distributing an activation medium, an activation air inlet is formed in one side of the lower portion of the activation chamber, an activation steam inlet is formed in one side of the activation chamber, a mixed air box of air and steam is arranged at the bottom of the activation chamber, a carbon discharge pipe penetrating through the air distribution plate is arranged, and one end, exposed out of a shell of the activation chamber, of the carbon discharge pipe is a carbon discharge opening of. The gas-carbon separation chamber is connected to the upper part of the activation chamber side and suspended on a two-layer platform of the gasification activation device, a cyclone separation structure is adopted, the top of the gas-carbon separation chamber is provided with an activated flue gas outlet, and the bottom of the gas-carbon separation chamber is provided with an activated carbon outlet.
The feeding chamber 202 is provided with a feeding port 201, a main shaft 204, a kick-out device 207 and the like, the upper end of the main shaft 204 is connected with a driving motor 203, the main shaft 204 is communicated with the feeding chamber 202 and a transition chamber 209, and the kick-out devices 211 and 212 are arranged at the middle lower end. The feeding chamber 202 is provided with a feeding valve 205 and a discharging valve 208, the feeding valve 205 is installed at the top of the feeding chamber 202, the discharging valve 208 is installed between the feeding chamber 202 and the transition chamber 209, and the feeding of the gasification activation device 2 is controlled by the opening and closing of the feeding valve 205 and the discharging valve 208, which can play a role in preventing the leakage of the gasification gas. During feeding, the discharge valve at the bottom of the feeding chamber 202 is closed to isolate the gasified fuel gas from the gas, the feeding valve 205 is opened to complete feeding, after the feeding is completed, the feeding valve 205 is closed, and the discharge valve 208 is opened to enable the material to be discharged into the transition chamber 209. The side wall of the feeding chamber 202 is provided with an anti-bridging mechanism 206 which is composed of a plurality of inclined plates welded on the side wall of the feeding chamber 202 and made of steel plates inclining downwards, so that bridging and unsmooth blanking of materials are prevented.
The inclined plates are provided with multiple layers, are arranged on the inner wall of the feeding chamber 206, and face the channel direction of the feeding chamber 202 to the gasification chamber 214.
The transition chamber 209 is provided with kick-out devices 211 and 212 and gasification gas inlets and outlets 212 and 213, and the gasification gas inlet 212 and the gasification gas outlet 213 are respectively positioned at two sides of the transition chamber 209. When the gasification furnace operates, a material layer with a certain height is formed in the transition chamber 209 and is used for heat preservation of materials and temperature rise in a certain temperature range, and meanwhile, partial heat of gasified fuel gas is absorbed, and further temperature reduction of the gasified fuel gas is realized.
The gasification chamber 214 is provided with a discharge pipe 215, a grate 219, an air inlet 221 and the like, the discharge pipe 215 is communicated with the transition chamber 209 and the gasification chamber 214, the grate 219 is positioned in a furnace body at the lower part of the gasification chamber 214, meanwhile, a corresponding supporting mechanism and a driving mechanism 220 are arranged, and the air inlet 221 is arranged at the lower side of the gasification chamber 214. The outer wall of the blanking pipe 215 is provided with spiral fins 216 for enhancing heat exchange between biomass raw materials in the blanking pipe 215 and hot gasified fuel gas outside the blanking pipe, and for heating up and pyrolyzing the biomass raw materials and cooling the hot gasified fuel gas. The inner wall of the gasification chamber 214 is provided with a plurality of layers of gas baffles 217, so that the upward thermal gasification gas turns for a plurality of times in the gasification chamber, the retention time of the gasification gas in the gasification chamber is prolonged, and the heat exchange between the thermal gasification gas and the biomass raw material in the blanking pipe is enhanced. The outer side of the gasification chamber is provided with a jacket layer 218, and the jacket layer 218 is of a water-cooling jacket structure and is used for cooling the shell of the gasification chamber and the gasified fuel gas.
The activation chamber 223 and the gasification chamber 214 are connected and controlled by a gravity ash discharge valve 222, the lower part of the activation chamber 223 is provided with an air distribution plate 225, the air distribution plate is provided with air caps 224 for uniformly distributing activation media to strengthen the activation reaction of biomass charcoal with activation media such as steam and air, one side of the lower part of the activation chamber 223 is provided with an activation air inlet 226, one side of the lower part of the activation chamber is provided with an activation steam inlet 227, the bottom of the activation chamber is provided with a mixing air box 224 of air and steam, and the activation chamber is provided with a charcoal discharge pipe 228 penetrating through the air distribution plate, and one end of the charcoal discharge pipe 228 exposed out of the shell of the activation.
The gas-carbon separation chamber 229 is connected with the upper part of the activation chamber 223 side, adopts a cyclone separation structure, is provided with an activated flue gas outlet 230 at the top and an activated carbon outlet 231 at the bottom.
When the gasification activation device 2 is operated, the feeding chamber discharge valve 208 and the kick-out device 207 are closed, the feeding chamber feeding valve 205 is opened, biomass raw material is fed into the feeding chamber 202 from the feeding port 201, when the charging amount of the feeding chamber 202 exceeds a half, feeding is stopped, the feeding chamber feeding valve 205 and the transition chamber kick-out devices 211 and 212 are closed, the feeding chamber discharge valve 208 and the kick-out device 207 are opened, the biomass raw material enters the transition chamber 209, when the charging amount of the transition chamber 209 reaches 2/3, the kick-out devices 211 and 212 are opened, the raw material enters the gasification chamber 214 through the discharge pipe 215, and then the feeding chamber discharge valve 208 is closed, and the next feeding period is started.
The biomass raw materials enter the gasification chamber 214 through the blanking pipe 215, are ignited from an ignition hole at the lower part of the gasification chamber, air is blown in from an air inlet 221 of the gasification chamber through a blower and is uniformly sent into a reaction area of the gasification chamber from the lower part of the grate 219 as a gasifying agent, the gasified fuel gas rises to the transition chamber 209 from bottom to top, and simultaneously indirectly exchanges heat with the biomass raw materials in the blanking pipe 215 to cool down in the rising process, the biomass raw materials in the blanking pipe 215 are simultaneously pyrolyzed, and the pyrolyzed gas rises to the transition chamber 209 from the blanking pipe 215 and is mixed with the gasified fuel gas to enter the power generation system from a gasified fuel gas outlet 213.
The biomass charcoal generated by gasification is discharged into a cavity below the fire grate, and when the biomass charcoal is accumulated to a certain height and the gravity ash discharge valve 222 below the gasification chamber reaches a set pressure, the gravity ash discharge valve 222 is automatically opened to discharge the biomass charcoal into the activation chamber 223 for activation. After entering the activation chamber 223, the biomass charcoal is ignited from an ignition hole at the lower part of the activation chamber 223, hot air is blown in from an air inlet 226 of the activation chamber through an air blower and is uniformly sent into the activation chamber 223 from a gas distribution plate 225, the biomass charcoal is combusted near the gas distribution plate, when the temperature of the activation chamber reaches above the activation temperature, a steam pipeline valve in front of a steam inlet 227 of the activation chamber is opened, reduced-pressure superheated steam is sent through the steam inlet 227 to serve as an activating agent, activated flue gas after activation is separated by a gas-charcoal separation chamber 229, the activated flue gas is discharged from a flue gas outlet 230 at the top of the gas-charcoal separation chamber, the powdered activated charcoal is discharged from an activated charcoal outlet 231 at the bottom of the gas-charcoal separation chamber, and the block activated charcoal is discharged from a charcoal discharge pipe 228.
The gasification activation apparatus 2 described above produces no tar. The blanking of the gasification chamber of the gasification activation device adopts a blanking pipe 215 form to replace the conventional direct blanking, the biomass material falls from the blanking pipe 215, the gasification gas updraft is outside the pipe, the indirect heat exchange is carried out between the material in the pipe and the gasification gas outside the pipe in the falling process of the material in the pipe, the material at the lower part is heated and decomposed when the temperature of the material rises, because the gasification gas and the materials are separated by the blanking pipe 215, the tar and the moisture carried by the pyrolysis gas can not be directly taken away by the pyrolysis gas, but the gas goes upward in the blanking pipe 215 and is cooled and trapped by the upper cold material and then is carried by the material to fall, the non-condensable volatile gas in the pyrolysis gas rises to the transition chamber 209 and enters the power generation system along with the gasification gas from the gasification gas outlet 213, thereby not only removing tar and moisture carried in the pyrolysis gas, but also improving the heat value of the gasification gas, and effectively solving the problems of coking and corrosion of a heating surface and the like caused by tar precipitation.
The high-temperature activated flue gas generated in the biomass charcoal activation process is properly cooled and then used for drying the biomass raw materials, so that the water content of the biomass raw materials entering the gasification activation device and the circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler is reduced, the heat value of the gasified fuel gas and the combustion efficiency of the direct-fired boiler are improved, and the low-load stable combustion level of the direct-fired boiler is improved.
The power generation system comprises a gas fan 3, gas combustion auxiliary equipment 4 and a biomass circulating fluidized bed direct-fired power generation system, one end of the gas fan 3 is connected with a gasified gas outlet 213 of a transition chamber of the gasification activation system, the other end of the gas fan is connected with the gas combustion auxiliary equipment 4, the gas combustion auxiliary equipment 4 is connected with a fluidized air chamber at the bottom of the biomass circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler 5, flue gas generated by combustion of the biomass circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler 5 exchanges heat with an evaporation heating surface 6 to generate high-temperature high-pressure steam, and the high-temperature high-pressure steam drives a turbo generator unit.
The fuel of the biomass circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler 5 comprises a biomass raw material and a gasification gas. The gasified fuel gas enters a fluidized air chamber at the bottom of the biomass circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler 5 together with excessive fluidized air through the fuel gas combustion auxiliary equipment 4, and hot flue gas after the pre-combustion of the gasified fuel gas and the unburned fluidized air are sent to a hearth of the direct-fired boiler together. Meanwhile, the dried biomass raw material is sent into a hearth from a dense-phase zone of the direct-fired boiler for combustion. Wherein the heat of the gasified fuel gas accounts for 20-30% of the total heat of the biomass circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler. The gas combustion auxiliary equipment 4 is provided with a certain number of air nozzles 403 and gas nozzles 406, air and gasified gas are fed into a fluidized air chamber at the bottom of the direct-fired boiler 5 according to a certain proportion, and the ratio of the flow area of the air nozzles 403 to the flow area of the gas nozzles 406 is 3:1-4: 1.
The gasification gas is adopted to replace partial biomass to serve as the boiler entering fuel of the circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler 5, the biomass fuel consumption of the direct-fired boiler 5 is reduced, the risks of corrosion, ash deposition and the like on the heating surface of the boiler caused by biomass combustion are reduced, alkali metal and ash in the biomass are collected by biomass charcoal in the gasification process to prepare activated carbon, the alkali metal content and the ash content of the boiler entering fuel of the direct-fired boiler 5 are reduced, the problems of high-temperature corrosion, ash deposition, abrasion and the like on the heating surface at the tail part of the boiler can be effectively reduced, meanwhile, the additional value of products of the system is increased by the preparation of the activated carbon, and the economic benefit of a biomass power plant is improved.
The gasified fuel gas is sent into the hearth from the fluidized air chamber at the bottom of the biomass circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler 5, the gasified fuel gas and the excess air are pre-combusted in the fluidized air chamber of the boiler by utilizing the existing ignition device of the direct-fired boiler 5, and the hot flue gas after combustion and the uncombusted air are sent into the hearth together. The existing fluidization air chamber of the circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler 5 is utilized to mix and burn biomass gas and air in the fluidization air chamber, and the initial oxygen amount entering the boiler can be reduced under the condition of ensuring the normal fluidization of the circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler, so that the aim of reducing the generation of NOx is fulfilled. The gasified fuel gas is combusted in the fluidized air chamber, so that the temperature of air entering the furnace is increased, the quick heating of fuel entering the furnace is facilitated, the temperature field of the hearth is more uniform, and the fuel combustion stability of the fluidized bed boiler 5 is improved.
When the system runs, the following steps are carried out:
(1) collecting wood and shell biomass raw materials, chipping or crushing, wherein the grain size of the raw materials fed into a furnace is less than or equal to 150 mm;
(2) conveying the crushed biomass to drying equipment, drying the crushed biomass by hot activated flue gas until the water content is less than or equal to 10%, controlling the temperature of the dried biomass entering a furnace to be 80-120 ℃, and conveying one part of the dried biomass raw material to a gasification activation device and one part of the dried biomass raw material to a biomass circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler;
(3) feeding the dried biomass raw material into a gasification activation device for gasification, closing a discharge valve of a feeding chamber and a kickoff device I when the gasification activation device operates, opening a feeding valve of the feeding chamber, feeding the biomass raw material into the feeding chamber from a feeding port, stopping feeding when the charging amount of the feeding chamber exceeds a half, closing the feeding valve of the feeding chamber and kickoff devices II and III of a transition chamber, opening a discharge valve of the feeding chamber and the kickoff device I, feeding the biomass raw material into the transition chamber, controlling the temperature of the raw material in the transition chamber at 160 ℃ when the charging amount of the transition chamber reaches 2/3, opening the kickoff devices II and III, feeding the raw material into a gasification chamber through a feeding pipe, then closing the discharge valve of the feeding chamber, and entering the next feeding period; the raw material enters a gasification chamber through a blanking pipe, ignition is carried out from an ignition hole at the lower part of the gasification chamber, air is blown from an air inlet of the gasification chamber through an air blower to be used as a gasification agent, the raw material is uniformly sent into a reaction area of the gasification chamber from the lower part of a fire grate, the gasification gas rises from the lower part to the gas heating chamber, the gasification temperature of the biomass is 900 ℃ with the temperature of the gasification gas at the outlet of the device is 160 ℃ with the temperature of 120 ℃ with the temperature of the gasification gas, the gasification gas and the biomass raw material in the blanking pipe are indirectly heat-exchanged and cooled during the rising process, the biomass raw material in the blanking pipe is simultaneously pyrolyzed, the pyrolysis gas rises from the blanking pipe to the gas heating chamber and enters3Gas production rate of 1.5-2.3Nm3In terms of/kg. And biomass charcoal generated by gasification is discharged into a cavity below the grate, and when the biomass charcoal is accumulated to a certain height and the gravity ash discharging valve below the gasification chamber reaches a set pressure, the gravity ash discharging valve is automatically opened to discharge the biomass charcoal into the activation chamber for activation.
(4) Gasified fuel gas flows through the fuel gas combustion auxiliary equipment through the fuel gas fan, and is sent into the fluidizing air chamber at the bottom of the biomass circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler together with excessive fluidizing air, ignition and pre-combustion are carried out by utilizing an ignition device in the fluidizing air chamber, hot flue gas after combustion and unburned fluidizing air are sent into a hearth of the direct-fired boiler, and meanwhile, dry biomass raw materials are conveyed to a feeding port of the direct-fired boiler through a belt conveyor and are sent into the hearth for combustion from a dense-phase region of the direct-fired boiler. The hot flue gas generated by combustion of the direct-fired boiler generates medium-temperature and medium-pressure steam through the evaporation heating surface at the tail part of the hearth, one part of the steam pushes a steam turbine generator unit to generate electricity, and the other part of the steam is decompressed and then sent to a gasification activation device to activate the biomass charcoal.
(5) The hot flue gas generated by the combustion of the direct-fired boiler preheats air through the air preheater to generate hot air, one part of the hot air is sent to the fluidized air chamber and the hearth of the direct-fired boiler for combustion, the other part of the hot air is sent to the gasification chamber of the gasification activation device for gasification, and the other part of the hot air and part of medium-temperature medium-pressure steam generated by the evaporation heating surface are sent to the activation chamber of the gasification activation device for activation of biomass charcoal. The flue gas after heat exchange and temperature reduction of the evaporation heating surface and the air preheater is treated by a tail environment-friendly device and then is discharged into the atmosphere through a chimney.
(6) After the gasified biomass charcoal enters the activation chamber, igniting the gasified biomass charcoal from an ignition hole at the lower part of the activation chamber, blowing the hot air from an air inlet of the activation chamber through a blower, uniformly sending the hot air into the activation chamber from an air distribution plate, burning the biomass charcoal near the air distribution plate, opening a steam pipeline valve in front of a steam inlet of the activation chamber when the temperature of the activation chamber reaches above the activation temperature, sending the medium-temperature medium-pressure steam as an activating agent through the steam inlet, wherein the activation temperature of the biomass charcoal is 800-; after activation, activated flue gas carrying powdered activated carbon is separated by the gas-carbon separation chamber, the activated flue gas is discharged from a flue gas outlet at the top of the gas-carbon separation chamber, the powdered activated carbon is discharged from an activated carbon outlet at the bottom of the gas-carbon separation chamber, and the block activated carbon is discharged from a carbon discharge pipe at the bottom of the activation chamber at regular intervals.
(7) After the activated flue gas is properly cooled, the activated flue gas is sent into biomass drying equipment through a pipeline to be used for drying biomass raw materials, the water content of the biomass raw materials entering the furnace of the gasification activation device and the circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler is reduced, and the dried activated flue gas is sent into a tail flue of the direct-fired boiler to be subjected to environment-friendly treatment along with the combustion flue gas and then is sent into a chimney.
(8) And (4) cooling the activated carbon, and conveying the cooled activated carbon to a forming machine for processing and forming.
Examples
A power generation system: 1 biomass processing capacity 4t/h gasification furnace, 1 biomass circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler with 75t/h and 1 12MW steam turbine generator unit.
Example 1:
the biomass raw material is tree root, the grain diameter of the raw material entering the furnace is less than or equal to 150mm, and the water content is less than or equal to 10%. 4t/h of biomass raw material is fed into a gasification furnace for gasification and activation, the temperature of the generated gasification fuel gas is about 150 ℃, and the heat value of the fuel gas is 1312kcal/Nm3About 6000Nm of gasified fuel gas yield3The yield of the activated carbon is about 0.9t/h, and the iodine adsorption value is about 1070 mg/g. The gasified fuel gas is sent to the circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler at 75t/h by the fuel gas fan, and the heat of the gasified fuel gas accounts for about 20 percent of the total heat of the circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler. The gasified fuel gas and the air are fed into a fluidized air chamber of the direct-fired boiler according to the volume ratio of about 1:3 for pre-combustion, about 40% of initial oxygen amount entering the boiler is consumed, the combustion of the gasified fuel gas enables the temperature of a flue gas/air mixture entering the boiler to be increased to about 381 ℃, and the combusted flue gas and the air are fed into a hearth of the direct-fired boiler from an air distribution plate. About 12t/h of biomass raw material is sent into a hearth from a dense-phase zone of the direct-fired boiler for combustion, and the rest air is sent into the hearth from a secondary air port. The direct-fired boiler burns to generate medium-temperature medium-pressure steam (450 ℃ and 3.82MPa), and the steam pushes the steam turbine to generate electricity. The discharge amount of NOx in the flue gas measured in a chimney at the tail part of the direct-fired boiler before and after the gasification gas is put into the boiler is 341mg/Nm3Down to 287mg/Nm3Left and right.
Example 2:
the biomass raw material is a tree trunk, the particle size of the raw material entering the furnace is less than or equal to 150mm, and the water content is less than or equal to 10%. 4t/h of biomass raw material is fed into a gasification furnace for gasification and activation, the temperature of the generated gasification gas is about 150 ℃, and the heat value of the gas is 1288kcal/Nm3About 6050Nm for the gasified gas3H, production of activated carbonThe amount is about 0.9t/h, and the iodine adsorption value is about 920 mg/g. The gasified fuel gas is sent to the circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler at 75t/h by the fuel gas fan, and the heat of the gasified fuel gas accounts for about 30 percent of the total heat of the circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler. The gasification gas and the air are fed into a fluidized air chamber of the direct-fired boiler according to the volume ratio of about 1:4 for pre-combustion, about 30% of initial oxygen amount entering the boiler is consumed, the combustion of the gasification gas enables the temperature of a flue gas/air mixture entering the boiler to be increased to about 327 ℃, and the combusted flue gas and the air are fed into a hearth of the direct-fired boiler from an air distribution plate. About 12t/h of biomass raw material is sent into a hearth from a dense-phase zone of the direct-fired boiler for combustion, and the rest air is sent into the hearth from a secondary air port. The direct-fired boiler burns to generate medium-temperature medium-pressure steam (450 ℃ and 3.82MPa), and the steam pushes the steam turbine to generate electricity. The discharge amount of NOx in the flue gas measured in a chimney at the tail part of the direct-fired boiler before and after the gasification gas is put into the boiler is from 331mg/Nm3Down to 259mg/Nm3Left and right.
Finally, it should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments illustrate only specific embodiments of the invention. Obviously, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and many variations are possible. All modifications which can be derived or suggested by a person skilled in the art from the disclosure of the invention should be considered as within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a living beings circulating fluidized bed direct combustion boiler and gasifier coupling electricity generation coproduction active carbon system which characterized in that: comprises a gasification activation device, a biomass circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler and a steam turbine generator unit;
the gasification activation device comprises a gasification system and an activation system, biomass raw materials are sent into the gasification system to be gasified to generate cracked combustible gas and biomass charcoal, the cracked combustible gas is introduced into a biomass circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler through gas combustion equipment, and is introduced into a fluidized air chamber through a gas nozzle to pre-combust and heat the biomass materials;
the biomass circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler comprises a biomass feed inlet and a hearth, wherein a fluidizing air chamber is arranged at the bottom of the hearth and is provided with a gas combustion auxiliary device, the gas combustion auxiliary device is provided with a plurality of air nozzles and a plurality of gas nozzles, and the air nozzles and the gas nozzles are communicated to the fluidizing air chamber to realize the mixing and pre-combustion of fission combustible gas and air, so that the initial oxygen amount entering the hearth is reduced, the temperature of air and flue gas entering the boiler is increased, and biomass materials fed into the hearth are heated;
the biomass circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler is communicated with the evaporation heating surface, the flue gas of the biomass circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler exchanges heat with the evaporation heating surface to generate steam, and the steam is introduced into the steam turbine generator unit to realize steam power generation.
2. The coupled power co-production activated carbon system of claim 1, wherein: the gasification system is provided with a gasification chamber, the gasification chamber is provided with a blanking pipe, and the biomass raw material is blanked through the blanking pipe and is subjected to heat exchange decomposition with hot gasification gas outside the blanking pipe;
or the outer wall of the blanking tube is provided with spiral fins for improving heat exchange;
or the gasification activating device is also provided with an air preheater, the flue gas subjected to heat exchange by the evaporation heating surface is introduced into the air preheater for heat exchange to generate hot air, and part of the hot air is sent into a gasification system of the gasification activating device for biomass raw material gasification.
3. The coupled power co-production activated carbon system of claim 2, wherein: the outer wall of the gasification chamber is provided with a jacket layer, and the jacket layer adopts a water cooling jacket to reduce the temperature of the shell of the gasification chamber and the temperature of the gasified fuel gas;
or the inner wall of the gasification chamber is provided with a plurality of layers of gas baffles, and the gas baffles guide the gasified gas of the gasification chamber to form S-shaped circulation along the gas baffles.
4. The coupled power generation co-production activated carbon system of claim 2 or 3, wherein: the gasification system is provided with a feeding chamber for feeding materials into the gasification chamber, the feeding chamber is communicated with the gasification chamber and is provided with a transition chamber, the transition chamber is a material layer formed by stacking biomass materials, and the material layer realizes pre-heat exchange in the transition chamber;
or the feeding chamber is provided with an anti-bridging mechanism, the anti-bridging mechanism comprises a plurality of inclined plates, the inclined plates are arranged on the inner wall of the feeding chamber, and the inclined plates face the channel direction of the feeding chamber to the gasification chamber.
5. The coupled power co-generation activated carbon system of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the ratio of the flow area of the air nozzle to the flow area of the gas nozzle is 3:1-4: 1;
or the heat generated by combustion of the gas flowing through the gas nozzle accounts for 20-30% of the total heat of the biomass circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler.
6. The coupled power generation co-production activated carbon system of claim 2 or 3, wherein: the activation system is provided with an activation chamber, the biomass carbon generated by the gasification chamber is activated in the activation chamber to generate activated carbon, the activation chamber is provided with a hood gas distribution plate, and air and steam required by activation of the activation chamber are introduced into the activation chamber through the hood gas distribution plate;
or one side of the hood gas distribution plate, which deviates from the activation chamber, is provided with a mixed wind box of air for activation and steam.
7. The coupled power co-generation activated carbon system of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein:
the biomass circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler is characterized by also comprising a drying device, wherein the drying device is used for drying a biomass raw material, part of the dried biomass raw material is sent to a gasification activation device, and part of the dried biomass raw material is sent to the biomass circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler;
or the water content of the dried biomass raw material by the drying equipment is less than or equal to 10 percent;
or the drying equipment is communicated with a flue gas outlet of the activation system, and the drying equipment is introduced into high-temperature flue gas generated by the activation system for drying the biomass raw material.
8. The coupled power co-generation activated carbon system of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein:
the gas combustion auxiliary equipment is arranged on two side walls of a precombustion chamber arranged in the fluidization air chamber and comprises an air pipeline and a gas pipeline, the air pipeline is communicated with a plurality of air branch pipes, an air nozzle is provided with a plurality of air branch pipes for communicating with the air branch pipes, air enters the precombustion chamber of the fluidization air chamber through the air branch pipes and is communicated with the precombustion chamber of the fluidization air chamber, a biomass gasification gas pipeline is communicated with the plurality of gas branch pipes, the gas nozzle is provided with a plurality of gas branch pipes for communicating with the gas branch pipes, the biomass gasification gas enters the precombustion chamber of the fluidization air chamber through the gas branch pipes and is communicated with the precombustion chamber at intervals.
9. The coupled power co-generation activated carbon system of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein:
the method adopts wood and shell biomass as the raw materials of the gasification activation device and the biomass circulating fluidized bed direct-fired boiler, the grain size of the raw materials is less than or equal to 150mm, and the water content is less than or equal to 10%.
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