CN101893234B - Biomass boiler capable of realizing combined combustion of synthesis gas and semicoke - Google Patents
Biomass boiler capable of realizing combined combustion of synthesis gas and semicoke Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 132
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 108
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003818 cinder Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 abstract description 52
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000009841 combustion method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 4
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241001391944 Commicarpus scandens Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052728 basic metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003818 basic metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003034 coal gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
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Abstract
一种可实现合成气与半焦联合燃烧的生物质锅炉，它涉及一种生物质锅炉。本发明为了解决现有生物质锅炉未考虑半焦产率对燃烧效率的影响，进而引起未完全燃烧热损失增高，致使生物质锅炉热效率低的问题。半焦燃烧室设置于生物质气化室和锅炉主体之间，且半焦燃烧室与炉膛连通，合成气引出管的一端通过合成气引出口与生物质气化室的内腔连通，合成气引出管的另一端与炉膛连通，料仓设置于生物质气化室、半焦燃烧室二者的上方，所述料仓内的生物质燃料通过一次给料器进入生物质气化室内，所述料仓内的生物质燃料通过二次给料器进入半焦燃烧室内。本发明适用于燃烧各种粒径生物质燃料，极大提高了燃烧效率。
The utility model relates to a biomass boiler capable of realizing the combined combustion of syngas and semi-coke , which relates to a biomass boiler. The present invention aims to solve the problem that the existing biomass boiler does not consider the influence of the semi-coke yield on the combustion efficiency, thereby causing the heat loss of incomplete combustion to increase, resulting in the low thermal efficiency of the biomass boiler. The semi-coke combustion chamber is set between the biomass gasification chamber and the main body of the boiler, and the semi-coke combustion chamber communicates with the furnace, and one end of the synthesis gas outlet pipe communicates with the inner cavity of the biomass gasification chamber through the synthesis gas outlet. The other end of the outlet pipe communicates with the furnace, and the silo is set above the biomass gasification chamber and the semi-coke combustion chamber. The biomass fuel in the silo enters the biomass gasification chamber through a primary feeder. The biomass fuel in the silo enters the semi-coke combustion chamber through the secondary feeder. The invention is suitable for burning biomass fuels with various particle sizes, and greatly improves the combustion efficiency.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及一种生物质锅炉，具体涉及一种可实现合成气与半焦联合燃烧的生物质锅炉，属于生物质锅炉技术领域。The invention relates to a biomass boiler, in particular to a biomass boiler capable of realizing the combined combustion of syngas and semi-coke, and belongs to the technical field of biomass boilers.
背景技术 Background technique
生物质能是来源于太阳能的一种可再生能源，也是人类利用最早的能源之一，具有分布广、可再生、成本低、低污染等优点。但由于生物质能的能量密度低，使其应用效率很低。因此，在日常生活及工业生产中没有被大规模应用。随着能源短缺、环境恶化，使得人们重新关注对生物质能的应用研究。Biomass energy is a renewable energy derived from solar energy, and it is also one of the earliest energy sources used by humans. It has the advantages of wide distribution, renewable, low cost, and low pollution. However, due to the low energy density of biomass energy, its application efficiency is very low. Therefore, it has not been widely used in daily life and industrial production. With the shortage of energy and the deterioration of the environment, people pay more attention to the application research of biomass energy.
在现代生物质能应用技术中，主要包括：生物化学转化方法和热化学转化方法。其中，热化学法更易于规模化及工业化。热化学方法大体可以分为三种手段：直接燃烧、热解以及气化。生物质和煤一样同属于固体燃料，但与煤相比，其H/C比相对较高，所以挥发分高；固定碳少，含氧量高，热值就比一般煤要低；另外，其灰分含量低，氮、硫等元素少：而固定碳的活性要比煤高多了；这些因素决定了生物质更适合于气化。但生物质燃料半焦的含量相差很大，对于半焦含量较低的生物质燃料，可以直接采用气化方式，而半焦含量高的生物质燃料如稻壳，则需要采用层燃燃烧方式。In modern biomass energy application technology, it mainly includes: biochemical conversion method and thermochemical conversion method. Among them, the thermochemical method is easier to scale and industrialize. Thermochemical methods can be roughly divided into three methods: direct combustion, pyrolysis, and gasification. Biomass is a solid fuel like coal, but compared with coal, its H/C ratio is relatively high, so its volatile content is high; it has less fixed carbon, high oxygen content, and its calorific value is lower than that of ordinary coal; in addition, Its ash content is low, nitrogen, sulfur and other elements are less; and the activity of fixed carbon is much higher than that of coal; these factors determine that biomass is more suitable for gasification. However, the semi-coke content of biomass fuels varies greatly. For biomass fuels with low semi-coke content, the gasification method can be directly used, while biomass fuels with high semi-coke content, such as rice husks, need to use layer combustion. .
与燃煤比较，生物质燃料比重小，热解速度快，半焦含量低的生物质燃料在炉排上层不能形成稳定的火层；其次，部分生物质燃料具有较高的焦油含量，产生的烟气较粘稠，既易在高温管子(过热器等)上结焦，腐蚀管子同时还降低换热效率，粘稠的烟气又易在较窄的烟道处结网，影响烟气的正常流动，降低锅炉的换热效率；再者，生物质燃料的热值较低、水分大、燃尽难。针对生物质燃料存在的这些缺陷，人们对锅炉进行了一定的改进，如本申请的发明人曾在专利公告号为CN2248290Y的“燃生物质流化床锅炉”中，公开了一种能够燃烧各种生物质燃料的锅炉，其仅仅采用一般流化床技术，虽然较好地考虑了生物质燃料的燃烧特性，热效率能达到80％以上，但仍易于在炉膛出口的高温对流受热面发生结渣。专利公告号为CN1195173C的“可变炉拱结构低氮氧化物生物质锅炉”和公开号为CN1900589A的“一种生物质能燃料锅炉及其燃烧方法”中，前者公开了在锅炉的给料管内安装送料绞龙、以及在炉膛内增加可变拱结构和与主风道相连的分段风喷嘴，这对生物质燃料的着火和燃尽有一定帮助，但其燃烧方式仍为层燃，未达到最佳燃烧效果；后者公开了在锅炉的给料口下方增加了与送风机相连的二次风管，其燃烧方式为层燃和一定程度的悬浮燃烧，但仍以层燃为主，且二次风为常温的冷风，炉内温度波动较大，抑制了灰颗粒进入下一燃烧区域，也不能实现充分的燃烧。换言之，生物质采用气化炉，由于反应器温度较低，气化气中焦油含量很高；而生物质直燃锅炉则由于生物质燃烧后，灰熔点较低，易于在高温受热面发生结渣现象。在专利号为CN201053749Y的“生物质燃料锅炉”中，公开了一种在原燃煤锅炉的基础上改进的设计，利用一次风和二次风及风口调节挡板的作用，实现以悬浮燃烧为主、层燃为辅的方式，在一定程度上保证了换热效率和料仓的安全，但由于生物质燃料灰的熔点低，易于在高温受热面发生结渣事故，进而引起锅炉“爆管”事故。专利公告号为CN201074829Y的“一种生物质成型燃料气化锅炉”，炉体采用带有炉烘的本体及机械进料装置和炉体夹套内设置风量分配管的结构，因其未采用蒸汽助燃设备，故燃气热值低，存在焦油分解方面的难题，从而降低了锅炉效率。专利公告号为CN201093717Y的“生物质气化锅炉”是一种以生物质原料为燃料的一般锅炉，其也未采用蒸汽助燃装置，因此燃气热值低，容易出现排烟中有未分解完全的焦油。专利公告号为CN100513869C和CN201149245Y的两个同一技术内容的“生物质高温燃烧锅炉”，包括炉壁、炉胆和设置在锅胆上方的带有进料装置的料斗和液态排渣池等，主要结构是：炉胆内有由电机驱动的旋转轴及固定其上的螺旋叶片和燃料均布板组成的进料装置，由炉胆、辐射导流块及下方的分段风喷嘴组成的预热室和燃烧室，由旋风除尘器、烟管和液态排渣池的烟气灰渣排出装置以及将高温烟气与水进行热交换的蒸汽发生室等。在炉胆中得到预热的生物质燃料与炉胆下方由喷嘴分段切向仰射进入炉膛的高温空气相遇，实现分级旋流燃烧。但要通过调整喷嘴的数量来严格控制过量空气系数，这样会使得炉内温度不易控制，分级效果不理想，影响锅炉热效率。专利公告号为CN201081236Y的“生物质能锅炉燃料在多燃烧室内燃烧及蒸汽助燃燃烧装置”，它公开了一种能够使生物质燃料充分燃烧的具有在多燃烧室内燃烧及蒸汽助燃燃烧装置的锅炉。其包括锅炉、第一燃烧室及其炉烘、第二燃烧室及其炉烘、第二燃烧室二次风及蒸汽助燃燃烧装置、叶轮式供料机、第一燃烧室一次风入口、炉排等件。该装置的二次风由与第一燃烧室连通的叶轮式供料机供给，二次风为常温的冷风，二次风由第二燃烧室二次风入口进入，容易引起炉内温度的波动，不能较好地控制燃料气化温度，增加了第二燃烧室内气化气中焦油含量，也容易使高温受热面产生结渣。另外，蒸汽要从蒸汽助燃燃烧装置蒸汽入口进入，不仅要添设蒸汽发生装置，增加设备成本，而且蒸汽的作用就是利用火焰加热把蒸汽分解成氢气和氧气，使氢气燃烧，氧气助燃参与炉内燃烧，蒸汽不能参与燃料气化，无法使未燃尽的固定碳气化，降低了燃料气化产物的热值。Compared with coal, biomass fuel has a small proportion and fast pyrolysis speed. Biomass fuel with low semi-coke content cannot form a stable fire layer on the upper layer of the grate; secondly, some biomass fuels have higher tar content, resulting in The flue gas is relatively viscous, which is easy to coke on the high-temperature pipe (superheater, etc.), corrodes the pipe and reduces the heat transfer efficiency, and the viscous flue gas is easy to form a net in the narrow flue, which affects the normal operation of the flue gas flow, reducing the heat transfer efficiency of the boiler; moreover, biomass fuel has a low calorific value, high moisture content, and is difficult to burn out. Aiming at these defects of biomass fuel, people have made certain improvements to the boiler. For example, the inventor of the present application once disclosed a kind of boiler capable of burning various Biomass fuel boilers only use general fluidized bed technology, although the combustion characteristics of biomass fuels are well considered, and the thermal efficiency can reach more than 80%, but it is still prone to slagging on the high-temperature convective heating surface at the furnace outlet . In the patent announcement number CN1195173C "variable furnace arch structure low nitrogen oxide biomass boiler" and the publication number CN1900589A "a biomass fuel boiler and its combustion method", the former discloses that in the feed pipe of the boiler Installing the feeding auger, adding a variable arch structure and segmented air nozzles connected to the main air duct in the furnace will help the ignition and burnout of biomass fuel, but the combustion method is still layer combustion, which has not been To achieve the best combustion effect; the latter discloses that a secondary air pipe connected to the blower is added below the feed port of the boiler, and its combustion method is layer combustion and a certain degree of suspension combustion, but still mainly layer combustion, and The secondary air is cold air at normal temperature, and the temperature in the furnace fluctuates greatly, which inhibits the ash particles from entering the next combustion area and cannot achieve sufficient combustion. In other words, the biomass gasification furnace is used, because the reactor temperature is low, the tar content in the gasification gas is high; while the biomass direct-fired boiler is prone to condensation on the high-temperature heating surface due to the low ash melting point after the biomass is burned. Slag phenomenon. In the "biomass fuel boiler" with the patent number CN201053749Y, an improved design based on the original coal-fired boiler is disclosed, which uses the primary air, secondary air and the function of the tuyere adjustment baffle to realize suspension combustion. The method supplemented by layer combustion ensures the heat exchange efficiency and the safety of the silo to a certain extent, but due to the low melting point of biomass fuel ash, it is easy to cause slagging accidents on the high-temperature heating surface, which will cause the boiler to "explode" ACCIDENT. The patent announcement number is CN201074829Y "A Biomass Formed Fuel Gasification Boiler". Combustion-supporting equipment, so the calorific value of the gas is low, and there is a problem in the decomposition of tar, which reduces the efficiency of the boiler. The "Biomass Gasification Boiler" whose patent announcement number is CN201093717Y is a general boiler that uses biomass raw materials as fuel. tar. The patent announcement numbers are CN100513869C and CN201149245Y, two "biomass high-temperature combustion boilers" with the same technical content, including the furnace wall, the furnace, and the hopper with the feeding device and the liquid slag discharge tank arranged above the boiler, mainly The structure is: there is a feeding device composed of a rotating shaft driven by a motor, a screw blade fixed on it and a fuel uniform distribution plate in the furnace, and a preheating device composed of a furnace, a radiation guide block and a sectioned air nozzle below. Chamber and combustion chamber, flue gas and ash discharge device consisting of cyclone dust collector, smoke pipe and liquid slag discharge tank, and steam generation chamber for heat exchange between high-temperature flue gas and water, etc. The biomass fuel that has been preheated in the furnace meets the high-temperature air that enters the furnace from the nozzle below the furnace and tangentially shoots upward into the furnace to achieve staged swirling combustion. However, it is necessary to strictly control the excess air coefficient by adjusting the number of nozzles, which will make it difficult to control the temperature in the furnace, the classification effect is not ideal, and affect the thermal efficiency of the boiler. The patent announcement number is CN201081236Y "Biomass energy boiler fuel combustion in multiple combustion chambers and steam-assisted combustion combustion device", which discloses a boiler with combustion in multiple combustion chambers and steam-assisted combustion combustion device that can fully burn biomass fuel . It includes the boiler, the first combustion chamber and its furnace drying, the second combustion chamber and its furnace drying, the secondary air of the second combustion chamber and the steam combustion-supporting combustion device, the impeller feeder, the primary air inlet of the first combustion chamber, the furnace Wait for pieces. The secondary air of this device is supplied by the impeller type feeder connected with the first combustion chamber, the secondary air is cold air at normal temperature, and the secondary air enters from the secondary air inlet of the second combustion chamber, which may easily cause temperature fluctuations in the furnace , the gasification temperature of the fuel cannot be well controlled, the tar content in the gasification gas in the second combustion chamber is increased, and it is easy to cause slagging on the high-temperature heating surface. In addition, the steam must enter from the steam inlet of the steam-supporting combustion device. Not only does it need to add a steam generating device, which increases the cost of the equipment, but also the function of the steam is to use flame heating to decompose the steam into hydrogen and oxygen, so that the hydrogen is combusted, and the oxygen combustion-supporting participation in the furnace Combustion, steam cannot participate in fuel gasification, cannot gasify unburned fixed carbon, and reduces the calorific value of fuel gasification products.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种可实现合成气与半焦联合燃烧的生物质锅炉，以解决现有生物质锅炉未考虑半焦产率对燃烧效率的影响，进而引起未完全燃烧热损失增高，致使生物质锅炉热效率低的问题。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a biomass boiler that can realize the combined combustion of syngas and semi-coke, so as to solve the problem that the existing biomass boiler does not consider the influence of the semi-coke yield on the combustion efficiency, which causes the heat loss of incomplete combustion to increase. The problem of low thermal efficiency of biomass boilers.
本发明为解决上述技术问题采取的技术方案是：The technical scheme that the present invention takes for solving the problems of the technologies described above is:
本发明所述一种可实现合成气与半焦联合燃烧的生物质锅炉包括锅炉主体、链条炉排、多个风室、料仓、生物质气化室、气化风室和蒸汽进入管，锅炉主体的内腔为炉膛；所述生物质锅炉还包括一次给料器、二次给料器、半焦燃烧室和合成气引出管；生物质气化室设置于锅炉主体入口端处，半焦燃烧室设置于生物质气化室和锅炉主体之间，且半焦燃烧室与炉膛连通，链条炉排设置在生物质气化室、半焦燃烧室以及锅炉主体三者的下方，气化风室设置在生物质气化室的下方用于提供生物质气化室内生物质燃料燃烧所需空气，蒸汽进入管设置在生物质气化室的下方用于将雾化蒸汽引入生物质气化室内，生物质气化室用于产生氢气、甲烷和一氧化碳三者混合的合成气；生物质气化室的侧壁上设有合成气引出口，合成气引出管的一端通过合成气引出口与生物质气化室的内腔连通，合成气引出管的另一端与炉膛连通，料仓设置于生物质气化室、半焦燃烧室二者的上方，所述料仓内的生物质燃料通过一次给料器进入生物质气化室内，所述料仓内的生物质燃料通过二次给料器进入半焦燃烧室内；所述多个风室布置于与炉膛对应的链条炉排的下方用于提供炉膛内合成气及半焦燃烧所需空气。A biomass boiler that can realize the combined combustion of syngas and semi-coke according to the present invention includes a boiler body, a chain grate, multiple air chambers, silos, biomass gasification chambers, gasification air chambers and steam inlet pipes, The inner cavity of the boiler body is the furnace; the biomass boiler also includes a primary feeder, a secondary feeder, a semi-coke combustion chamber and a synthesis gas outlet pipe; the biomass gasification chamber is set at the inlet end of the boiler body, and the semi-coke The coke combustion chamber is set between the biomass gasification chamber and the boiler body, and the semi-coke combustion chamber is connected to the furnace, and the chain grate is set under the biomass gasification chamber, the semi-coke combustion chamber and the boiler body. The air chamber is set under the biomass gasification chamber to provide the air required for biomass fuel combustion in the biomass gasification chamber, and the steam inlet pipe is set under the biomass gasification chamber to introduce atomized steam into the biomass gasification Indoors, the biomass gasification chamber is used to generate syngas mixed with hydrogen, methane and carbon monoxide; The inner cavity of the biomass gasification chamber is connected, and the other end of the synthesis gas outlet pipe is connected with the furnace. The hopper is set above the biomass gasification chamber and the semi-coke combustion chamber. The primary feeder enters the biomass gasification chamber, and the biomass fuel in the silo enters the semi-coke combustion chamber through the secondary feeder; the multiple air chambers are arranged below the chain grate corresponding to the furnace for To provide synthesis gas and air required for semi-coke combustion in the furnace.
本发明具有的优点及积极效果是：本发明由于采用二次给料的方式燃烧生物质燃料(双进料装置)，一次给料机将生物质燃料投入气化室后，通过控制过量空气系数及喷入水量来控制气化室内温度在650℃左右，(利用气化燃烧室内燃料部分燃烧所产生的热量使得夹套内层温度升高，而雾化喷嘴产生的细小水雾，直接与夹套的内炉壁接触产生水蒸气，)使水以湿饱和空气的形式作为气化剂喷入(气化风室内的)生物质燃料中，生物质燃料低温气化燃烧，其灰中含有较高的活性碱性金属能够保持在半焦中，降低了锅炉受热面的灰腐蚀；而另外的二次给料机，则根据生物质的差异性来调节，对于挥发份高且半焦含量低的生物质燃料，可不使用或微开二次给料机，对于挥发份含量低且半焦含量高的生物质燃料，则为了维持床料的温度，全开或开大一次给料机，因为在炉膛内燃烧温度高，可以使得气化气中的焦油完全燃烧，解决了现有生物质锅炉存在的热效率低，气化气中焦油含量高，高温受热面易结渣等问题。本发明采取了合成气与半焦联合燃烧方式(即气化风室内产生的合成气直接引入炉膛进行燃烧，与此同时，生物质燃料在气化风室内燃烧后产生的半焦经由半焦燃烧室进行燃烧后随着链条炉排进入炉膛再进行燃烧，形成气-气燃烧与气-固燃烧联合耦合方式；“气-气”是指“合成气”和“空气”；“气-固”是指“合成气”和“半焦”)，可使锅炉的热效率提高6％，而且又环保，减轻了环境污染，还可以对收集的生物质灰，进行废物利用。因此说，本发明改进了生物质的转化途径和利用率。The advantages and positive effects of the present invention are: the present invention burns biomass fuel (dual feed device) due to the use of secondary feeding, after the primary feeder puts the biomass fuel into the gasification chamber, the excess air coefficient is controlled and the amount of water sprayed to control the temperature in the gasification chamber at about 650°C (using the heat generated by the partial combustion of the fuel in the gasification combustion chamber to increase the temperature of the inner layer of the jacket, and the fine water mist generated by the atomization nozzle, directly with the jacket The inner furnace wall of the sleeve is in contact with water vapor, and the water is sprayed into the biomass fuel (in the gasification wind chamber) in the form of wet saturated air as a gasification agent. The biomass fuel is gasified and burned at low temperature, and its ash contains relatively Highly active basic metals can be kept in the semi-coke, which reduces the ash corrosion of the heating surface of the boiler; while the other secondary feeder is adjusted according to the difference of biomass, for high volatile content and low semi-coke content For biomass fuels, the secondary feeder may not be used or slightly opened. For biomass fuels with low volatile content and high semi-coke content, in order to maintain the temperature of the bed material, fully open or increase the primary feeder, because The high combustion temperature in the furnace can completely burn the tar in the gasification gas, which solves the problems of low thermal efficiency, high tar content in the gasification gas, and easy slagging on the high-temperature heating surface of the existing biomass boilers. The present invention adopts the joint combustion method of synthesis gas and semi-coke (that is, the synthesis gas produced in the gasification air chamber is directly introduced into the furnace for combustion, and at the same time, the semi-coke produced after the biomass fuel is burned in the gasification air chamber is burned through the semi-coke After burning in the furnace, the chain grate enters the furnace and then burns, forming a combined coupling mode of gas-gas combustion and gas-solid combustion; "gas-gas" refers to "synthesis gas" and "air"; "gas-solid" Refers to "synthesis gas" and "semi-coke"), which can increase the thermal efficiency of the boiler by 6%, and is environmentally friendly, reducing environmental pollution, and can also use the collected biomass ash for waste utilization. Therefore, the present invention improves the conversion pathway and utilization rate of biomass.
根据生物质半焦含量的不同，通过调节给料机的转速，来调节气固燃烧的比例，从而提高生物质能转化效率，所述料仓内的生物质燃料通过一次给料器和二次给料器分别进入生物质气化室及半焦燃烧室，使生物质燃料完全充分燃烧。According to the difference in biomass semi-coke content, the ratio of gas-solid combustion is adjusted by adjusting the speed of the feeder, thereby improving the conversion efficiency of biomass energy. The biomass fuel in the silo passes through the primary feeder and the secondary feeder. The feeder respectively enters the biomass gasification chamber and the semi-coke combustion chamber to completely burn the biomass fuel.
本发明的设计构思：本发明提出了现有生物质锅炉未考虑半焦产率对燃烧效率的影响。生物质易于热解，挥发份含量高，单纯的利用生物质气化技术，气化气焦油含量高，高温受热面易结渣等问题，且半焦含量高时，残碳颗粒未能完全燃烧，引起机械未完全燃烧热损失增高；而按照褐煤层燃方式来设计其锅炉结构，则由于挥发份含量过高，使得局部碳氢化合物在缺氧的条件下燃烧，使得烟气中碳含量高；且由于生物质灰颗粒，较易破碎，难于形成燃烧底层床料。因此本发明设置了双进料装置，并单独设置了半焦燃烧室15，并将气化风室内产生的合成气直接引入炉膛进行燃烧，与炉膛内的半焦联合燃烧。The design concept of the present invention: the present invention proposes that the existing biomass boiler does not consider the influence of the semi-coke yield on the combustion efficiency. Biomass is easy to pyrolyze and has high volatile content. Simply using biomass gasification technology, the gasification gas has high tar content, high-temperature heating surface is easy to slagging and other problems, and when the semi-coke content is high, the residual carbon particles cannot be completely burned , resulting in increased mechanical incomplete combustion heat loss; and the design of the boiler structure according to the lignite layer combustion method, due to the high volatile content, local hydrocarbons burn under the condition of anoxic, resulting in high carbon content in the flue gas ; And because the biomass ash particles are relatively easy to break, it is difficult to form the bottom bed material for combustion. Therefore, the present invention is provided with a double feeding device, and a semi-coke combustion chamber 15 is provided separately, and the synthesis gas generated in the gasification air chamber is directly introduced into the furnace for combustion, and combined with the semi-coke in the furnace for combustion.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1是本发明所述的生物质锅炉整体结构示意图；图中序号说明：1-一次给料器、2-二次给料器、3-料仓、4-合成气引出管(煤气引出管)、5-空腔(空气夹层)、6-生物质气化室、7-蒸汽进入管、8-气化风室、9-第一风室、10-第二风室、11-第一风室、12-第四风室、13-二次风入口、14-除渣口、15-半焦燃烧室、16-炉膛、17-锅炉主体、18-链条炉排。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the biomass boiler according to the present invention; the sequence numbers in the figure illustrate: 1-primary feeder, 2-secondary feeder, 3-stock bin, 4-synthesis gas outlet pipe (coal gas outlet pipe ), 5-cavity (air interlayer), 6-biomass gasification chamber, 7-steam inlet pipe, 8-gasification air chamber, 9-first air chamber, 10-second air chamber, 11-first Air chamber, 12-fourth air chamber, 13-secondary air inlet, 14-slag removal port, 15-semi-coke combustion chamber, 16-furnace, 17-boiler main body, 18-chain grate.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
具体实施方式一：如图1所示，本实施方式所述的一种可实现合成气与半焦联合燃烧的生物质锅炉包括锅炉主体17、链条炉排18、多个风室、料仓3、生物质气化室6、气化风室8和蒸汽进入管7，锅炉主体17的内腔为炉膛16；所述生物质锅炉还包括一次给料器1、二次给料器2、半焦燃烧室15和合成气引出管4；生物质气化室6设置于锅炉主体17入口端处，半焦燃烧室15设置于生物质气化室6和锅炉主体17之间，且半焦燃烧室15与炉膛16连通，链条炉排18设置在生物质气化室6、半焦燃烧室15以及锅炉主体17三者的下方，气化风室8设置在生物质气化室6的下方用于提供生物质气化室6内生物质燃料燃烧所需空气，蒸汽进入管7设置在生物质气化室6的下方用于将雾化蒸汽引入生物质气化室6内，生物质气化室6用于产生氢气、甲烷和一氧化碳三者混合的合成气；生物质气化室6的侧壁上设有合成气引出口6-1，合成气引出管4的一端通过合成气引出口6-1与生物质气化室6的内腔连通，合成气引出管4的另一端与炉膛16连通，料仓3设置于生物质气化室6、半焦燃烧室15二者的上方，所述料仓3内的生物质燃料通过一次给料器1进入生物质气化室内，所述料仓3内的生物质燃料通过二次给料器2进入半焦燃烧室内；所述多个风室布置于与炉膛16对应的链条炉排18的下方用于提供炉膛16内合成气及半焦燃烧所需空气。Specific Embodiment 1: As shown in Figure 1, a biomass boiler that can realize the combined combustion of syngas and semi-coke according to this embodiment includes a boiler body 17, a chain grate 18, a plurality of air chambers, and a silo 3 , biomass gasification chamber 6, gasification air chamber 8 and steam inlet pipe 7, the inner chamber of the boiler body 17 is the furnace 16; the biomass boiler also includes a primary feeder 1, a secondary feeder 2, a semi- Coke combustion chamber 15 and synthesis gas outlet pipe 4; biomass gasification chamber 6 is set at the inlet end of boiler body 17, semi-coke combustion chamber 15 is set between biomass gasification chamber 6 and boiler body 17, and semi-coke combustion The chamber 15 communicates with the furnace 16, the chain grate 18 is arranged under the biomass gasification chamber 6, the semi-coke combustion chamber 15 and the boiler main body 17, and the gasification air chamber 8 is arranged under the biomass gasification chamber 6 for In order to provide the air needed for biomass fuel combustion in the biomass gasification chamber 6, the steam inlet pipe 7 is arranged below the biomass gasification chamber 6 for introducing atomized steam into the biomass gasification chamber 6, and the biomass is gasified Chamber 6 is used to produce synthesis gas mixed with hydrogen, methane and carbon monoxide; the side wall of biomass gasification chamber 6 is provided with synthesis gas outlet 6-1, and one end of synthesis gas outlet pipe 4 passes through synthesis gas outlet 6 -1 communicates with the inner chamber of the biomass gasification chamber 6, the other end of the synthesis gas outlet pipe 4 communicates with the furnace 16, and the feed bin 3 is arranged above the biomass gasification chamber 6 and the semi-coke combustion chamber 15, so that The biomass fuel in the silo 3 enters the biomass gasification chamber through the primary feeder 1, and the biomass fuel in the silo 3 enters the semi-coke combustion chamber through the secondary feeder 2; The chamber is arranged below the chain grate 18 corresponding to the furnace 16 to provide the syngas and the air required for the combustion of semi-coke in the furnace 16 .
具体实施方式二：如图1所示，本实施方式所述生物质气化室6的侧壁上设有与侧壁随形的空腔5，所述空腔5用于产生雾化蒸汽。所述空腔5称为空气夹层，即所述生物质气化室的夹套由内、外炉壁构成，中间为空气夹层，外炉壁内侧设置与进水管连通的雾化喷嘴，经雾化的水蒸汽喷入空气夹层内，利用气化燃烧室内燃料部分燃烧所产生的热量使得夹套内层温度升高，而雾化喷嘴产生的细小水雾，直接与夹套的内炉壁接触产生水蒸气，使水以湿饱和空气的形式作为气化剂喷入气化风室内的生物质燃料中，以产生合成气。其它组成及连接关系与具体实施方式一相同。Embodiment 2: As shown in FIG. 1 , a cavity 5 conforming to the side wall is provided on the side wall of the biomass gasification chamber 6 in this embodiment, and the cavity 5 is used to generate atomized steam. The cavity 5 is called an air interlayer, that is, the jacket of the biomass gasification chamber is composed of inner and outer furnace walls, with an air interlayer in the middle, and an atomizing nozzle connected to the water inlet pipe is arranged on the inner side of the outer furnace wall. The vaporized water vapor is sprayed into the air interlayer, and the heat generated by the partial combustion of the fuel in the gasification combustion chamber is used to increase the temperature of the inner layer of the jacket, and the fine water mist generated by the atomizing nozzle directly contacts the inner furnace wall of the jacket. Water vapor is generated, and the water is sprayed into the biomass fuel in the gasification air chamber as a gasification agent in the form of wet-saturated air to generate syngas. Other components and connections are the same as those in the first embodiment.
具体实施方式三：如图1所示，本实施方式所述多个风室由第一风室9、第二风室10、第三风室11和第四风室12构成；所述第一风室9、第二风室10、第三风室11和第四风室12沿炉膛16的入口端至出口端依次设置。如此设置，可充分向炉膛内提供合成气和半焦燃烧所需的空气。其它组成及连接关系与具体实施方式一相同。Specific embodiment three: As shown in Figure 1, the plurality of air chambers in this embodiment are composed of a first air chamber 9, a second air chamber 10, a third air chamber 11 and a fourth air chamber 12; The air chamber 9 , the second air chamber 10 , the third air chamber 11 and the fourth air chamber 12 are sequentially arranged along the furnace 16 from the inlet end to the outlet end. Such setting can fully provide the air required for the combustion of syngas and semi-coke to the furnace. Other components and connections are the same as those in the first embodiment.
具体实施方式四：如图1所示，本实施方式在锅炉主体17后部设置二次风入口13，所述二次风入口13用于向炉膛16提供燃烧所需空气，这样可进一步提高燃烧效率。其它组成及连接关系与具体实施方式一、二或三相同。Specific Embodiment Four: As shown in Figure 1, this embodiment is provided with a secondary air inlet 13 at the rear of the boiler body 17, and the secondary air inlet 13 is used to provide the furnace 16 with the air required for combustion, which can further improve the combustion efficiency. efficiency. Other compositions and connections are the same as those in the first, second or third embodiment.
具体实施方式五：如图1所示，本实施方式在锅炉主体17上位于链条炉排18的输出端处设有除渣口14。其它组成及连接关系与具体实施方式四相同。Embodiment 5: As shown in FIG. 1 , in this embodiment, a slag removal port 14 is provided at the output end of the chain grate 18 on the boiler body 17 . Other compositions and connections are the same as those in Embodiment 4.
本发明的工作原理：Working principle of the present invention:
本发明所述料仓内的生物质燃料通过一次给料器和二次给料器分别进入生物质气化室及半焦燃烧室，所述生物质气化室的夹套由内、外炉壁构成，外炉壁内侧设置与进水管连通的雾化喷嘴，夹套内的饱和空气分别通入生物质气化室及生物质气出口。将生物质的燃烧过程分为两级燃烧，第一步采用空气蒸汽气化技术，将生物质转化为可燃性气体，引入炉膛内燃烧；第二步根据半焦含量来设计层燃锅炉。采用生物质气化室和半焦燃烧室来对生物质燃料进行燃烧。生物质燃料的配风采用气化室单独配风，层燃室分级配风。The biomass fuel in the silo of the present invention enters the biomass gasification chamber and the semi-coke combustion chamber respectively through the primary feeder and the secondary feeder, and the jacket of the biomass gasification chamber is composed of inner and outer furnaces The inner side of the outer furnace wall is equipped with an atomizing nozzle connected to the water inlet pipe, and the saturated air in the jacket is respectively passed into the biomass gasification chamber and the biomass gas outlet. The combustion process of biomass is divided into two stages of combustion. The first step adopts air steam gasification technology to convert biomass into combustible gas, which is introduced into the furnace for combustion; the second step is to design the layer-fired boiler according to the semi-coke content. A biomass gasification chamber and a semi-coke combustion chamber are used to burn biomass fuel. The air distribution of biomass fuel adopts the separate air distribution of the gasification chamber, and the graded air distribution of the layer combustion chamber.
由煤气引出口4和链条炉排9组成的耦合式分配系统，系统中添加了蒸汽雾化引入设备蒸汽进口7，由气化风室8、第一风室10、第二风室11、第三风室12、二次风13提供燃料燃烧所需空气。A coupled distribution system consisting of gas outlet 4 and chain grate 9, steam atomization introduction equipment steam inlet 7 is added to the system, gasification air chamber 8, first air chamber 10, second air chamber 11, second air chamber Three air chambers 12 and secondary air 13 provide air required for fuel combustion.
其中一次给料器3与料仓1和生物质气化室6相连接，对于半焦含量低，挥发份高的生物质燃料，可调大一次给料器3的供给量，生物质气化室6产生的气化气由煤气引出口4引至炉膛内16燃烧，低温气化不仅可避免碱金属的气相转化，也可避免高分子碳氢化合物在还原性氛围内，裂解出碳黑颗粒，二次给料器2与料仓1和半焦燃烧室15相连接，对于半焦含量高，挥发份低的生物质燃料，可调大二次给料器的供给量，生物质燃料则主要采用层燃燃烧方式。Among them, the primary feeder 3 is connected with the silo 1 and the biomass gasification chamber 6. For the biomass fuel with low semi-coke content and high volatile content, the supply amount of the primary feeder 3 can be adjusted to increase the biomass gasification. The gasification gas produced in chamber 6 is led from the gas outlet 4 to the furnace 16 for combustion. Low-temperature gasification can not only avoid the gas-phase conversion of alkali metals, but also prevent high-molecular hydrocarbons from cracking carbon black particles in a reducing atmosphere. , the secondary feeder 2 is connected with the silo 1 and the semi-coke combustion chamber 15, for the biomass fuel with high semi-coke content and low volatile content, the supply amount of the secondary feeder can be adjusted, and the biomass fuel can be Mainly use layer combustion combustion.
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