CN105402738A - Dual-layer mechanical grate type garbage gasifying incinerator and dual-boiler system thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a dual-layer mechanical grate type garbage gasifying incinerator and a dual-boiler system thereof. The dual-layer mechanical grate type garbage gasifying incinerator comprises a dual-layer garbage gasifying incinerator, a boiler system and a circulating air supply system, wherein the dual-layer garbage gasifying incinerator comprises a feeding hopper, a gasification furnace and a burnout furnace; the burnout furnace is positioned directly under the gasification furnace; the feeding direction of the burnout furnace is opposite to the feeding direction of the gasification furnace, and flue gas outlets are formed in the upper end of the gasification furnace and the upper end of the burnout furnace; the boiler system comprises a boiler body a and a boiler body b, and the boiler body a is provided with a cyclone-combustion chamber, a furnace chamber a and a furnace chamber b; a flue gas inlet of the cyclone-combustion chamber is connected with the flue gas outlet of the gasification furnace; the boiler body b is provided with evaporators b, superheaters b and water-cooled walls b which are arranged on a flue gas pipeline in a sleeving manner, the superheaters are arranged in the furnace chamber a, the evaporators are arranged in the furnace chamber b, and the superheaters and the evaporators are arranged in a furnace chamber d; steam drums are arranged at the top ends of the two boiler bodies.

Description

Double-layer mechanical grate type garbage gasification incinerator and its double-boiler system

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of solid waste incineration treatment, and in particular relates to a double-layer mechanical grate type garbage gasification incinerator and a double-boiler system thereof.

Background technique

The existing waste treatment technologies mainly include incineration, sanitary landfill, composting, and waste recycling. Among the conventional waste treatment technologies, incineration has the advantages of obvious reduction effect, complete harmlessness, small land occupation, utilization of waste heat energy, and less secondary pollution, which meets the strategic requirements of my country's sustainable development. However, with the continuous improvement of environmental protection requirements at home and abroad, how to strengthen the control of secondary pollution is particularly important. Therefore, waste pyrolysis and gasification incineration technology is gradually pushed to the road of industrial application, especially for domestic waste, various incineration technologies are mainly used now, and the extensive industrialization of gasification and incineration technology will bring the technology of domestic waste treatment industry Innovation.

Over the years, my country has made a lot of progress in the scientific research on gasification and incineration technology of biomass and garbage. There are many basic researches in the laboratory, and there are also applied researches, such as: rotary kiln type, vertical type and fluidized bed type retort gasification Or gasification high-temperature melting technology, etc. However, there are still certain limitations in the popularization and application of the technology. The main factors are the types of raw materials, the amount of garbage disposal, secondary pollution control and economic benefits.

Among the existing incineration processes and equipment, the grate type incinerator has various forms, and its application accounts for more than 80% of the total waste incineration market in the world. Among them, mechanical reverse push grate and forward push grate are used in the furnace body Or combined grate, there are also chain plate type and drum type grate. In boiler equipment, there are many methods and methods of boiler recovery of heat, and the technology is mature; there are also many types of heat sources, such as: solar energy, smelting furnace waste heat, coal-fired furnace, fluidized bed, fixed bed, rotary kiln and other heat sources, using boilers to recover heat, For power generation, heating, heating, etc.

To sum up, the typical gasification incineration and boiler equipment technologies are mature, and each has its own advantages, but the problems and deficiencies that need to be solved in the actual application in our country are as follows:

1. For the characteristics of high water content and complex composition of domestic waste in my country, the technical use of mobile hearth needs to focus on the transportation capacity of waste. At the same time, the content of fly ash in the flue gas after incineration is high, the boiler ash is heavy, and the maintenance cycle of ash cleaning is short.

2. With the continuous increase of garbage generation, garbage piles up like a mountain, and the garbage disposal volume must be effectively increased in order to meet the market demand.

3. In the face of strict pollutant discharge requirements, secondary pollution control is the core issue that needs to be solved technically.

4. In order to effectively improve economic benefits, the heat recovery efficiency needs to be improved during the thermal treatment of waste. Existing waste heat treatment technologies usually use boilers to recover the heat of high-temperature flue gas after waste incineration, generate steam and push it to steam turbines for power generation. The entire conversion heat efficiency loss is relatively large, and the same amount of waste can be treated, relatively reducing heat loss and improving heat exchange efficiency. Improve thermal efficiency.

Existing gasification incinerators, such as the following two invention patents: Multi-column segmented drive compound domestic waste incinerator (ZL200710092508.9) and two-stage waste incinerator (ZL201010268376.2) Unsolved problems: heat treatment of waste The mode is relatively backward, just drying-burning-burning, the process of solid combustion releasing heat; the thermochemical reaction in the furnace is dominated by oxidation reaction, supplemented by reduction reaction, which is easy to produce secondary pollutants; when garbage is burned in the furnace, the peroxygen coefficient Large, large amount of primary air and secondary air supply, high dust content in flue gas, great impact on heat energy recovery system and flue gas treatment system, easy to accumulate dust, large amount of flue gas, reducing heat conversion efficiency; Without a separate gasifier and ember furnace, the garbage can only be processed in batches, and large-scale continuous gasification and incineration of garbage cannot be realized, and the amount of garbage processed is small.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a double-layer mechanical grate type garbage gasification incinerator and its double-boiler system, which has stronger garbage conveying capacity, larger garbage processing capacity, and can reduce heat loss And improve heat exchange efficiency, heat recovery efficiency is high, and can effectively reduce pollutant emissions.

The purpose of the present invention is achieved like this:

A double-layer mechanical grate type garbage gasification incinerator and its double-boiler system, including a double-layer garbage gasification incinerator, a double-boiler system, and a circulating air supply system,

The double-layer garbage gasification incinerator includes a furnace frame, on which a feed bin and a gasification furnace are sequentially arranged along the feeding direction, and an ember furnace is also arranged on the furnace frame, and the ember furnace Located directly below the gasification furnace, the feeding direction of the ember furnace is opposite to that of the gasification furnace. A material sealing section, a transitional slagging section is provided on the furnace frame part between the discharge port of the gasifier and the feed port of the ember furnace, and the transitional slagging section can form a stacked sealing state, and the furnace frame A garbage pusher and a residue pusher are provided. The garbage pusher is located below the feeding bin. The pushing head of the garbage pushing device extends into the sealing section of the stacking material, and is used to push the garbage in the feeding bin. The residue pusher is located between the gasifier and the ember furnace, and the push head of the residue pusher extends into the transitional slag section, which is used to push the garbage residue falling in the gasifier into the ember furnace, the gasifier and the ember furnace respectively include a furnace shell and a moving hearth, and the front and rear of the gasifier are respectively sealed by a stacking sealing section and a transitional slag section, and the transitional The slag section isolates the gasifier and the ember furnace so that the gasifier and the ember furnace are independent of each other, and there are at least one independent device under the movable hearth of the gasifier and the movable hearth of the ember furnace. The primary air chamber of the gasifier, the gasification furnace and the ember furnace are respectively arched, the front arch and the rear arch of the gasification furnace are respectively provided with secondary air supply ports, and the vault of the gasification furnace is provided with a first The flue gas outlet, the second flue gas outlet is set on the vault of the ember furnace to correspond to the primary air chamber below the gasifier moving hearth, the second flue gas outlet is connected to the corresponding primary air chamber through a flue gas pipe, The gasification furnace and the ember furnace are respectively provided with ignition and combustion-supporting holes;

The boiler system includes a boiler body a and a boiler body b. The boiler body a has a cyclone combustion chamber, a furnace chamber a, and a furnace chamber b. The lower end of the cyclone combustion chamber is provided with a flue gas inlet, and the flue gas inlet of the cyclone combustion chamber It communicates with the first flue gas outlet, and the upper end of the cyclone combustion chamber is the third flue gas outlet. The cyclone combustion chamber is provided with several combustion-supporting air supply ports, and the plurality of combustion-supporting air supply ports are located at the flue gas inlet and the third flue gas outlet. Between, the third flue gas outlet at the upper end of the cyclone combustion chamber communicates with the upper end of the furnace chamber a, the lower ends of the furnace chamber a and the furnace chamber b communicate, the upper end of the furnace chamber b is provided with a waste gas outlet, and the cyclone combustion chamber An annular water-cooled wall a is arranged along the circumference, a superheater a is arranged in the furnace chamber a, an evaporator a is arranged in the furnace chamber b, a steam drum a is arranged on the top of the boiler body a, the cyclone combustion chamber, the furnace chamber a. Furnace chamber b is located below the steam drum a. The steam drum a is provided with a steam-water inlet. The steam drum a separates the steam-water mixture through a steam-water separation device. The water outlet of the steam drum a is respectively connected to the water wall a and the evaporator through pipelines The water inlet of a is used to output the water separated by the steam-water separation device. The water wall a and the steam outlet of the evaporator a are respectively connected to the steam inlet of the steam drum a through a steam pipe for returning high-temperature steam. The saturated steam outlet of the steam drum a is connected to the steam inlet of the superheater a through a pipeline, and is used to input the recirculated high-temperature steam into the superheater a, and the steam outlet of the superheater a outputs superheated steam;

The boiler body b includes an evaporator b, a superheater b, and a water-cooled wall b that are sequentially set on the flue gas pipe from top to bottom, and a steam drum b is arranged on the top of the boiler body b. , the water wall b are all located below the steam drum b, the steam drum b is provided with a steam water inlet, the steam drum b separates the steam water mixture through the steam water separation device, and the water outlet of the steam drum b is respectively connected to the water wall b and the evaporator through pipelines The water inlet of b is used to output the water separated by the steam-water separation device. The steam outlets of the water wall b and the evaporator b are respectively connected to the steam inlet of the steam drum b through steam pipes, and are used to return high-temperature steam. The saturated steam outlet of the steam drum b is connected to the steam inlet of the superheater b through a pipeline, and is used to input the recirculated high-temperature steam into the superheater b, and the steam outlet of the superheater b outputs superheated steam;

The circulating air supply system includes a dust removal device, a first blower fan, a second blower fan, a first manifold, and a second manifold. The branch pipe of the gasification furnace is connected to the primary air chamber below the moving hearth of the gasifier, the gas outlet of the dust removal device is connected to the inlet of the first fan through a pipeline, and the gas outlet of the first fan is connected to the furnace chamber b through a pipeline The air inlet of the second fan is connected to the atmosphere, the outlet of the second fan is connected to the main pipe of the second manifold, and the branch pipes of the second manifold are respectively connected with the primary The combustion-supporting air supply ports of the air chamber and the cyclone combustion chamber are connected with the secondary air supply ports on the front and rear arches of the gasifier, and regulating valves are respectively set on the branch pipes of the first manifold and the second manifold.

Further, it also includes a steam output device and a feed water input system, the steam outlet of the superheater outputs superheated steam to the steam output device through a pipeline, and the feed water input system includes a condenser, a water pump, and a deaerator connected in series through pipelines 1. A booster water pump, the water pump and the deaerator are connected to the water source through a water supply pipeline, the water inlet of the condenser is connected to the drain of the steam output device through a pipeline, and the water outlet of the booster water pump is connected to the steam drum through a pipeline a. Soda water inlet of steam drum b.

The condenser can convert all the unused steam of the steam output device into water and absorb the heat released by the steam. The main function of the deaerator is to use it to remove oxygen and other gases in the boiler feed water to ensure the quality of feed water and increase The pressurized water pump can increase the water pressure to ensure the water supply capacity of the water supply input system. The water supply input system can further recover waste heat from the water discharged from the steam output device and improve the heat recovery efficiency.

In order to use superheated steam to generate electricity, preferably, the steam output device is a steam turbine.

In order to further recover waste heat from the flue gas discharged from the furnace chamber b and improve the heat recovery efficiency, further, the boiler body has a furnace chamber c, the upper end of the furnace chamber c communicates with the waste gas outlet at the upper end of the furnace chamber b, A waste gas discharge port is arranged at the lower end of the furnace chamber c.

Further, a heat economizer is provided in the furnace chamber c, the water inlet of the heat economizer communicates with the water outlet of the booster water pump, and the water outlet of the heat economizer communicates with the steam drum a and the steam drum respectively through pipelines. The soda water inlet of b is connected.

Further, an air preheater is provided in the furnace chamber c, the air outlet of the second fan is connected to the air inlet of the air preheater, and the air outlet of the air preheater is connected to the main pipe of the second manifold.

In order to perform harmless treatment of the flue gas discharged from the furnace chamber c, further, the waste gas discharge port of the furnace chamber c is connected to a flue gas purification system, and the flue gas purification system includes gas scrubbers connected in series along the exhaust direction , dust collector, induced draft fan, chimney.

In order to discharge the waste slag produced by the flue gas deposition in the furnace chamber a, furnace chamber b, and cyclone combustion chamber, and prevent the waste residue from escaping and causing pollution, preferably, a common slag outlet is provided under the furnace chamber a and furnace chamber b. The upper end of the cyclone combustion chamber is provided with combustion chamber ignition and combustion-supporting holes, and the lower end of the cyclone combustion chamber is provided with a tapered slag outlet with a radius that becomes smaller from top to bottom. The hearth of the furnace is connected.

In order to make the high-temperature flue gas generated after combustion easy to discharge and facilitate the installation of the pipeline, preferably, the flue gas inlet and the third flue gas outlet are located on the opposite side of the circumferential wall of the cyclone combustion chamber; the third flue gas outlet is along the The circumferential wall of the cyclone combustion chamber is arranged radially or tangentially.

In order to prevent wind blowing between the gasifier and the ember furnace, preferably, an openable and closable isolation door is provided on the transitional slagging section, and the isolation door is used to isolate the gasifier and the ember furnace.

Owing to adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the present invention has following beneficial effect:

1. There is a stacking sealing section between the feeding bin and the gasifier, so that the front of the gasifier can be sealed for stacking, and the transitional slag section of the gasifier and the ember furnace can also form a stacking sealing state, so that A stockpile seal can be formed at the rear of the gasifier, which improves the heat insulation performance of the gasifier, prevents heat leakage and saves fuel during the gasification and incineration process of waste.

2. The gasification furnace and the ember furnace are installed separately. The front and rear arches of the gasification furnace are respectively provided with secondary air supply outlets. Two flue gas outlets, the second flue gas outlet is connected to the flue gas pipe, which simplifies the circulating air supply system, greatly reduces the impurities in the gasifier flue gas, can provide higher quality flue gas, and makes the flue gas The utilization rate is higher, and the waste residue discharged is less.

3. The ember furnace is located below the gasifier, which greatly reduces the length and space occupied by the incinerator.

4. The present invention has a novel concept and a large amount of waste treatment. The waste material layer undergoes drying, gasification and residue burning stages on the mechanical grate. It adapts to the characteristics of high water content and complex components of domestic waste in my country, and improves the waste treatment process. High energy conversion efficiency and reduction of pollutant emissions in flue gas, effectively prevent secondary pollution, and can realize large-scale continuous gasification incineration treatment of garbage, ensure the effect of gasification incineration of garbage and the thermal reduction rate of ash and slag, relatively reduce Reduce heat loss and improve heat exchange efficiency, improving thermal efficiency.

5. The first blower extracts the flue gas from the primary air chamber of the gasifier, and feeds it into the furnace chamber b to make full use of the unused waste heat of the boiler body b; the second blower exhausts it from the furnace chamber c through the air preheater exhaust gas, make full use of the unused waste heat of the boiler body a. The wind blown by the second blower provides the primary air for the ember-burning furnace through the second manifold, and provides the combustion-supporting air for the cyclone combustion chamber, so that the residue of the ember-burning furnace is fully burned, and the synthetic flue gas in the cyclone combustion chamber is fully combusted. The wind blown by the second blower provides secondary air to the gasifier through the second manifold to gasify the garbage in the gasifier. The flue gas containing a certain amount of synthesis gas in the gasifier is discharged from the first flue gas outlet. Exhausted, it enters the treatment link of the cyclone combustion chamber, and the cyclone combustion chamber provides high-temperature flue gas. The mechanical grate type garbage gasification incinerator with this structure has a large amount of garbage treatment, and the garbage material layer can experience drying, gasification and residue burning stages on the mechanical grate, which is suitable for the characteristics of high water content and complex composition of domestic garbage in my country. , improve the energy conversion efficiency in the process of waste treatment and reduce the emission of pollutants in the flue gas, effectively prevent secondary pollution, and can realize large-scale continuous gasification and incineration of waste, ensuring the effect of gasification and incineration of waste and the heat of ash Ignition loss rate, relative reduction of heat loss and improvement of heat exchange efficiency, improves thermal efficiency.

6. This boiler system adopts the structure of two boilers, fully burns the synthetic flue gas released from the first flue gas outlet, utilizes the heat released by flue gas combustion, and fully utilizes the heat released from the second flue gas outlet, and the heat transfer loss is lower Less, more efficient heat recovery. The syngas burns more fully in the cyclone combustion chamber, and the temperature generated by the combustion is higher. Installing the annular water-cooled wall a on the cyclone combustion chamber relatively reduces heat loss and improves heat exchange efficiency. The high-temperature syngas flue gas at the outlet of the waste gasification furnace enters the cyclone combustion chamber, and at the same time, air is supplied tangentially into the cyclone combustion chamber to support the combustion of combustible syngas, and the flue gas passes through the cyclone combustion chamber, furnace chamber a, furnace chamber b, heat-saving and air preheaters. Then use the economizer to preheat the condensed water, the preheated condensed water enters the two boilers, the condensed water is heated in the two water-cooled walls and the two evaporators, and the saturated steam enters the two steam drums, and the saturated steam enters the two steam drums after the steam-water separation. A superheater, reheated to form superheated steam output, can be used for power generation, heating, heating, etc. The invention has a novel concept, and uses the cyclone combustion method to reduce the content of fly ash in the flue gas; the combustion temperature of the synthesis gas is high, the residence time of the flue gas is long, the pollutants are effectively decomposed, the emission of pollutants is reduced, and the continuous gasification of garbage is realized. Syngas incineration treatment and heat recovery.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the structural representation of cyclone combustor;

FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of FIG. 2;

Fig. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of the steam output device and the water supply input system;

Fig. 5 is the structural representation of flue gas purification system;

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a double-layer garbage gasification incinerator.

reference sign

1 is a double-layer garbage gasification incinerator, 101 is a furnace rack, 102 is a feeding bin, 103 is a gasification furnace, 104 is an ember furnace, 105 is a mobile hearth, 106 is a garbage pusher, and 107 is a primary air 108 is the stacking sealing section, 109 is the transitional slag falling section, 110 is the residue pusher, 111 is the isolation door, 112 is the first flue gas outlet, 113 is the second flue gas outlet, 114 is the ignition and combustion-supporting hole, 115 is a secondary air supply port, and 116 is a flue gas duct;

201 is a dust removal device, 202 is a first fan, 203 is a second fan, 204 is a first manifold, and 205 is a second manifold;

3 is the whirlwind combustion chamber, 301 is the ignition and combustion-supporting hole of the combustion chamber, 302 is the cone-shaped slag outlet, 303 is the flue gas inlet, 304 is the third flue gas outlet, and 305 is the combustion-supporting air supply port;

4 is boiler body a, 402 is furnace chamber a, 403 is furnace chamber b, 404 is furnace chamber c, 405 is water wall a, 406 is superheater a, 407 is evaporator a, 408 is steam drum a, 411 is Steam output device, 412 is the water supply input system, 413 is the condenser, 414 is the water pump, 415 is the deaerator, 416 is the booster pump, 417 is the water supply pipeline, 418 is the economizer, 419 is the flue gas purification system, 420 421 is a dust collector, 422 is an induced draft fan, 423 is a chimney, and 424 is an air preheater;

5 is boiler body b, 503 is water wall b, 504 is superheater b, 505 is evaporator b, 506 is steam drum b.

detailed description

Referring to Figures 1 to 6, it is a preferred embodiment of a double-layer mechanical grate type garbage gasification incinerator and its double boiler system, including a double-layer garbage gasification incinerator 1, a boiler system, and a circulating air supply system 2.

Referring to Fig. 6, it includes a double-layer garbage gasification incinerator 1, and the double-layer garbage gasification incinerator 1 includes a furnace rack 101, and a feed bin 102, a gasifier furnace, and 103, the grate 101 is also provided with an embering furnace 104, the embering furnace 104 is located directly below the gasification furnace 103, and the feeding direction of the embering furnace 104 is opposite to that of the gasification furnace 103, The gasification furnace 103 mainly gasifies the charcoal part of the garbage, and discharges combustible gasification flue gas and garbage residue, and the ember furnace 104 mainly performs combustion treatment of residual charcoal, and discharges harmless ash. The part of the furnace frame 101 between the outlet of the feed bin 102 and the inlet of the gasifier 103 is provided with a stacking seal section 108, and the outlet of the gasifier 103 and the feed of the ember furnace 104 A transitional slagging section 109 is provided on the part of the grate 101 between the openings, and the transitional slagging section 109 can form a sealed state of stacking.

Described grate 101 is provided with rubbish pusher 106, and described rubbish pusher 106 is positioned at the below of feeding bin 102, and the pushing head of rubbish pusher 106 stretches in the stacking seal section 108, is used for feeding The garbage in the silo 102 is pushed into the gasifier 103, the push head of the garbage pusher 106 advances half the stroke in the stacking sealing section 108, the garbage raw material is put into the feed bin 102 and falls, and the garbage pusher 106 retreats, Propel again, reciprocate multiple times push material and form stockpiling in stockpiling sealing section 108, make gasification furnace 103 inlet be in stockpiling sealing state, strengthen gasification furnace 103 sealing effect, solve rubbish pusher 106 and feeding bin 102 easily Air leak problem. When it is necessary to completely clean the furnace and dispose of all the garbage, the garbage pusher 106 is pushed forward half a stroke, and the garbage is completely pushed into the gasifier 103, so that the gasifier 103 inlet loses the sealing effect of stacking.

The furnace frame 101 is provided with a residue pusher 110, the residue pusher 110 is located between the gasification furnace 103 and the ember furnace 104, and the push head of the residue pusher 110 extends into the transition slag section 109 , used to push the falling garbage residues in the gasification furnace 103 into the ember furnace 104 . The transitional slag falling section 109 can be in the state of stacking and sealing when garbage residues are piled up, which can enhance the sealing effect of the gasifier 103 and solve the problem of cross-wind between the gasifier 103 and the ember furnace 104 . In this embodiment, the transitional slagging section 109 is provided with an openable and closable isolation door 111 , and the isolation door 111 is used to isolate the gasifier 103 and the ember furnace 104 . At the initial stage of starting the furnace or when it is necessary to control the blowing wind between the gasifier 103 and the incinerator, close the isolation door 111. After a certain amount of residue is piled up in the slag section to form a stacking seal, the isolation door 111 can be kept open, and the The residue pusher 110 is used in coordination to realize the continuous gasification and incineration treatment of garbage.

The gasification furnace 103 and the ember furnace 104 respectively include a furnace shell and a movable hearth 105. The front and rear of the gasification furnace 103 are respectively sealed by a stacking sealing section 108 and a transitional slagging section 109. The slag section 109 isolates the gasifier 103 and the ember furnace 104 so that the gasifier 103 and the ember furnace 104 are independent of each other. The moving hearth 105 of the gasification furnace 103 and the ember furnace 104 all adopt the mechanical grate type moving hearth 105 independently driven by sections. The grate plates overlap front and back, and are arranged alternately. Multiple groups of adjacent movable grate plates are connected by tie rods and driven by a set of driving devices. The mechanical grate type moving hearth 105 is used as a carrier for transporting garbage, and its implementation can be various types of moving hearth 105, such as chain plate type, drum type, multi-stage type grate system, etc.

The bottom of the moving hearth 105 of the gasification furnace 103 and the moving hearth 105 of the ember furnace 104 are respectively provided with at least one independent primary air chamber 107, which is connected with the primary air chamber 107 in the front half of the gasification furnace 103. The corresponding grate and drive device are used as the drying section of the gasifier 103 moving hearth 105, and the grate and drive device corresponding to the primary air chamber 107 in the second half of the gasifier 103 are used as the gasifier 103 moving hearth 105 gasification section. The drying section and the gasification section of the hearth 105 of the gasifier 103 can use 1-2 independent primary air chambers 107 for air supply, or 3-4 independent primary air chambers 107 for air supply. Of course, the fire grate, the driving device and the primary air chamber 107 may not be arranged correspondingly, so as to better adjust the relationship between the movement of the upper material layer of the movable hearth 105 and the air distribution. The embers 104 can use 1-4 independent primary air chambers 107 to supply air, and after embers, the ash is discharged from the slag outlet, and enters the next processing procedure.

The gasification furnace 103 and the ember furnace 104 are arched respectively. In order to better adapt to the installation space in the factory, the front arch of the gasification furnace 103 is a straight structure, or the front arch of the gasification furnace 103 The arch is a structure with the rear end sloping upwards. The front arch and the rear arch of the gasification furnace 103 are respectively provided with secondary air supply ports 115, the vault of the gasification furnace 103 is provided with a first flue gas outlet 112, and the gasification flue gas in the gasification furnace 103 flows from the second A flue gas outlet 112 is removed, and the furnace space of the gasifier 103 is relatively reduced compared with the traditional garbage incinerator; the relative positions of the front and rear arches and the movable hearth 105 become smaller, reducing the space occupied by the incinerator and making It is easy to keep warm, reduces the leakage of heat, and is conducive to the full gasification of garbage. The vault of the ember furnace 104 is provided with a second flue gas outlet 113 corresponding to the primary air chamber 107 below the moving hearth 105 of the gasification furnace 103, and the second flue gas outlet 113 and the corresponding primary air chamber 107 pass through the flue gas The pipeline 116 is connected, and the gasification furnace 103 and the ember furnace 104 are respectively provided with ignition and combustion-supporting holes 114;

Referring to Figures 1 to 3, the boiler system includes a boiler body a4 and a boiler body b5, the boiler body a4 has a cyclone combustion chamber 3, a furnace chamber a402, a furnace chamber b403, and a furnace chamber c404, and the cyclone combustion chamber 3 The lower end is provided with a flue gas inlet 303, and the flue gas inlet 303 of the cyclone combustion chamber 3 communicates with the first flue gas outlet 112 of the gasification furnace 103 through a pipe, and the upper end of the cyclone combustion chamber 3 is a third flue gas outlet 304, the flue gas The gas inlet 303 and the third flue gas outlet 304 are located on opposite sides of the circumferential wall of the cyclone combustion chamber 3 , and the top of the cyclone combustion chamber 3 is provided with a combustion chamber ignition and combustion-supporting hole 301 . In order to fully mix the flue gas and combustion-supporting air in the cyclone combustion chamber 3 and discharge them from the third flue gas outlet 304 after combustion, the cyclone combustion chamber 3 is provided with several combustion-supporting air supply ports 305, and the plurality of combustion-supporting air supply ports 305 is located between the flue gas inlet 303 and the third flue gas outlet 304 . The flue gas inlet 303 , the third flue gas outlet 304 , and the combustion air supply port 305 are arranged radially or tangentially along the circumferential wall of the cyclone combustion chamber 3 . The third flue gas outlet 304 at the upper end of the cyclone combustion chamber 3 communicates with the upper end of the furnace chamber a402, and the lower ends of the furnace chamber a402 and the furnace chamber b403 communicate with each other. The lower end of the gasifier is provided with a tapered slag outlet 302 whose radius becomes smaller from top to bottom, and the tapered slag outlet 302 communicates with the hearth of the gasifier 103 . A common slag outlet is provided below the furnace chamber a402 and the furnace chamber b403 , and the common slag outlet is communicated with the hearth of the gasifier 103 . In this embodiment, both the common slag outlet and the conical slag outlet 302 communicate with the tail transition section of the furnace of the gasifier 103 .

The cyclone combustion chamber 3 is provided with an annular water-cooled wall a405 along the circumference of the inner wall, the furnace chamber a402 is provided with a superheater a406, the furnace chamber b403 is provided with an evaporator a407, and the top of the boiler body 4 is provided with a steam drum a408. The cyclone combustion chamber 3, the furnace chamber a402, and the furnace chamber b403 are all located below the steam drum a408. The steam drum a408 is provided with a steam-water inlet for inputting the steam-water mixture. The steam drum a408 is provided with a steam-water separation device for To separate the steam-water mixture, the water outlet of the steam drum a408 is connected to the water inlet of the water-cooled wall a405 and the evaporator a407 through pipelines respectively, and is used to output the water separated by the steam-water separation device, and the steam outlet of the water-cooled wall a405 and the evaporator a407 The steam inlets of the steam drum a408 are respectively connected through steam pipes for returning high-temperature steam, and the outlets of the saturated steam of the steam drum a408 are connected with the steam inlets of the superheater a406 through pipes, and are used for inputting the returning high-temperature steam into the superheater a406 Inside, the steam outlet of the superheater a406 outputs superheated steam.

The boiler body b5 includes an evaporator b505, a superheater b504, and a water-cooled wall b503 that are sleeved on the flue gas pipe from top to bottom. A steam drum b506 is arranged on the top of the boiler body b. , water wall b are all located below the steam drum b, the steam drum b506 is provided with a steam water inlet, the steam drum b506 separates the steam water mixture through the steam water separation device, and the water outlet of the steam drum b506 is respectively connected to the water wall b503 and the evaporator through pipelines The water inlet of b505 is used to output the water separated by the steam-water separation device. The water wall b503 and the steam outlet of the evaporator b505 are respectively connected to the steam inlet of the steam drum b506 through steam pipes for returning high-temperature steam. The saturated steam outlet of the steam drum b506 is connected to the steam inlet of the superheater b504 through a pipeline, and is used to input the recirculated high-temperature steam into the superheater b504, and the steam outlet of the superheater b504 outputs superheated steam.

Referring to Fig. 4, in this embodiment, the boiler system further includes a steam output device 411 and a feed water input system 412, and in this embodiment, the steam output device 411 is a steam turbine. The steam outlet of the superheater outputs superheated steam to the steam output device 411 through a pipeline, and the feed water input system 412 includes a condenser 413, a water pump 414, a deaerator 415, and a booster water pump 416 connected in series through pipelines. The water pump 414 and the deaerator 415 are connected to a water source through a water supply pipeline 417, the water inlet of the condenser 413 is connected to the drain of the steam output device 411 through a pipeline, and the water outlet of the booster water pump 416 is connected to the steam drum through a pipeline. a408, soda water import of steam drum b.

The upper end of the furnace chamber c404 communicates with the waste gas outlet at the upper end of the furnace chamber b403, and the lower end of the furnace chamber c404 is provided with a waste gas discharge port. The furnace chamber c404 is provided with a heat saver 418 and an air preheater. The heat saver The water inlet of 418 communicates with the water outlet of the booster water pump 416 , and the water outlet of the economizer 418 communicates with the steam water inlet of the steam drum 408 . Referring to FIG. 5 , the exhaust gas outlet of the furnace chamber c404 is connected to a flue gas purification system 419 , which includes a scrubber 420 , a dust collector 421 , an induced draft fan 422 , and a chimney 423 connected in series along the exhaust direction.

The circulating air supply system includes a dust removal device 201, a first fan 202, a second fan 203, a first manifold 204, and a second manifold 205. Preferably, the dust removal device 201 is a cyclone separator or a high-temperature dust collector; The first fan 202 is a high temperature fan, which is beneficial to work in a high temperature environment, and the second fan 203 is a blower. The intake end of the dust removal device 201 is connected to the main pipe of the first manifold 204, the branch pipe of the first manifold 204 is connected to the primary air chamber below the moving hearth of the gasifier, and the gas outlet end of the dust removal device 201 Connect with the inlet end of the first blower fan 202 through the pipeline, the gas outlet end of the first blower fan 202 communicates with the furnace chamber b through the pipeline, the inlet port of the second blower fan 203 communicates with the atmosphere of the storage pit, and the second blower fan 203 communicates with the atmosphere of the storage pit. The gas outlet of the second blower fan 203 is connected to the main pipe of the second manifold 205, and the branch pipes of the second manifold 205 are respectively connected with the primary air chamber below the moving hearth of the ember furnace, the combustion-supporting air supply ports of the cyclone combustion chamber, and the gasification The secondary air supply ports on the front arch and rear arch of the furnace are connected, and the branch pipes of the first manifold 204 and the second manifold 205 are respectively provided with regulating valves. In this embodiment, the air outlet of the second fan is connected to the air inlet of the air preheater, and the air outlet of the air preheater is connected to the main pipe of the second manifold.

The primary air of the ember furnace 104 is: the blower blows air of a certain pressure into the corresponding primary air chamber 107 under the mechanical grate type movable hearth 105 through the second manifold, and then sprays it through the primary air hole on the movable hearth 105 Through the residue, the residue is burned, and the air supply volume is adjusted through the regulating valve on the corresponding branch pipe. The primary air of the gasification furnace 103 is: the flue gas produced by the ember furnace 104 enters the corresponding primary air chamber 107 under the moving hearth 105 of the gasification furnace 103 through the flue gas pipe 116, and then passes through the primary air hole on the moving hearth 105 The jet penetrates the garbage for gasification, and the air supply volume is adjusted through the regulating valves on the corresponding branch pipes. The secondary air of the gasification furnace 103 is: the blower blows air of a certain pressure into the furnace of the gasification furnace 103 through the second manifold, and the injection holes are arranged on the front and rear arches of the gasification furnace 103 . The front and rear arches are provided with secondary air supply ports 115 to improve the gasification efficiency and enhance the decomposition of high molecular substances in the flue gas. The ignition and combustion-supporting holes 114 on the rear arch of the gasifier are used for starting the furnace, oven and stabilizing the temperature in the gasifier 103. The blower also provides the combustion-supporting air for the cyclone combustion chamber through the second manifold.

The heat recovered by the boiler body a comes from the high-temperature syngas flue gas at the outlet of the waste gasification furnace. The syngas flue gas enters the cyclone combustion chamber, and at the same time, air is tangentially supplied into the cyclone combustion chamber to support the combustion of combustible syngas, and the flue gas passes through the cyclone in turn. Combustion chamber, furnace chamber a, furnace chamber b, economizer and air preheater.

The heat recovered by the boiler body b comes from the high-temperature flue gas after the residue is burned after the gasification of the garbage. The flue gas enters the flue gas pipe for the primary air supply of the gasification furnace. The furnace supplies the gasification agent, and then the excess flue gas in the primary air chamber is introduced into the dust removal device through the high-temperature fan, and then fed into the furnace chamber b after dust removal.

Then use the economizer to preheat the condensed water, the preheated condensed water enters the boiler body a and the boiler body b, the condensed water is heated in the water wall and the evaporator, forms saturated steam and enters the steam drum, and the saturated steam enters the superheater after the separation of steam and water. Reheated to form superheated steam output, which can be used for power generation, heat supply, heating, etc.

A double-layer mechanical grate type garbage gasification incinerator and a garbage treatment method of a double-boiler system, the method is carried out according to the following steps:

Step A, close the gate of the double-layer garbage gasification incinerator 1 and the atmosphere ventilation, start the double-layer mechanical grate type garbage gasification incinerator 1, put the garbage raw materials into the feed bin 102, and the garbage pusher 106 reciprocates and pushes Push the garbage material falling from the feeding bin 102 into the stacking sealing section 108 between the feeding bin 102 and the gasifier 103, so that the stacking sealing section 108 forms a stacking sealed state, and the excess garbage falls into the gasifier. The moving hearth 105 of the gasification furnace 103 and the moving hearth 105 of the gasification furnace 103 work to transport the garbage into the transitional slagging section 109, and the residue pusher 110 reciprocates and pushes the material multiple times to remove the garbage on the transitional slagging section 109. Push into the embering furnace 104, the moving hearth 105 of the embering furnace 104 works to transport the garbage until the garbage is piled up to the required thickness: 0.6-0.8m on the moving hearth 105 of the gasification furnace 103 and the embering furnace 104, , during baking, the accumulated rubbish can protect the movable hearth 105 and prevent the hearth 105 from burning. Stop feeding material to feed bin 102, the moving hearth 105 of gasification furnace 103 and ember furnace 104 stops working, then, pass through the ignition combustion-supporting hole 114 of gasification furnace 103 and ember furnace 104 respectively with gasification with ignition burner The hearth of the furnace 103 and the ember furnace 104 are connected. Under the action of the ignition burner, the gasification furnace 103 and the ember furnace 104 are started and baked. The hearth of ember furnace 104 reaches the predetermined temperature of 600-700°C; the purpose of the oven is to remove the natural water and crystallization water in the lining, so as to avoid the furnace body from swelling and cracking due to the rapid rise of the furnace temperature and the large amount of water expansion during the start-up. Bubbling or deformation or even the collapse of the furnace wall will affect the strength and service life of the furnace wall of the heating furnace.

Step B, start and adjust the circulating air supply system 2, adjust the process parameters of the gasifier 103, the ember furnace 104 and the circulating air supply system 2 (the speed of the pusher, the speed of the grate, the primary air temperature, air pressure and air volume, the second Secondary wind temperature, wind pressure and air volume, furnace temperature, negative pressure in the furnace, material layer thickness, etc.), feeding material to the feed bin 102, the moving hearth 105 of the gasification furnace 103 works to transport garbage, and the garbage is in the gasification furnace 103 Combustion starts in the furnace, and garbage residues are piled up at the transitional slagging section 109 to form a stacking seal, so that the combustion state temperature in the furnace of the gasifier 103 is stabilized above 850°C, and the moving hearth 105 of the ember furnace 104 works to output combustion. Ashes of rubbish residue.

Step C, adjusting the gasifier 103, the ember furnace 104 and each process parameter of the circulating air supply system 2 (the speed of the pusher, the speed of the grate, the primary air temperature, air pressure and air volume, the secondary air temperature, air pressure and Air volume, furnace temperature, furnace negative pressure, material layer thickness, etc.), the gasification furnace 103 gradually gasifies the garbage, and at the same time adjusts the process parameters of the cyclone combustion chamber 3, and the gasification temperature is stable at 700-800°C. The gasification furnace 103 is made to stably produce high-temperature flue gas containing 10%-20% syngas, and the gasification state of the gasification furnace 103 is stable for low-temperature, medium-temperature or high-temperature gasification. Stabilize the temperature of the combustion state of the ember furnace 104 to above 850°C, and the high-temperature flue gas enters the primary air chamber of the gasification furnace from the second flue gas outlet, and feeds into the gasification furnace, and the temperature of the third flue gas outlet 304 of the cyclone combustion chamber 3 Stable to above 850°C, realizing continuous gasification and incineration of garbage.

Step D, when maintenance or shutdown is required, stop feeding, adjust the process parameters of the gasifier 103, the ember furnace 104, the cyclone combustion chamber 3 and the circulating air supply system 2, so that the gasifier 103 gradually returns to the combustion state. After the rubbish and rubbish residues are burnt, the double-layer garbage gasification incinerator 1 and the circulating air supply system 2 are closed.

Finally, it should be noted that the above preferred embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail through the above preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that it can be described in terms of form and Various changes may be made in the details without departing from the scope of the invention defined by the claims.

Claims (10)

1. A double-layer mechanical grate type garbage gasification incinerator and its double-boiler system, characterized in that it comprises a double-layer garbage gasification incinerator, a double-boiler system, and a circulating air supply system, The double-layer garbage gasification incinerator includes a furnace frame, on which a feed bin and a gasification furnace are sequentially arranged along the feeding direction, and an ember furnace is also arranged on the furnace frame, and the ember furnace Located directly below the gasification furnace, the feeding direction of the ember furnace is opposite to that of the gasification furnace. A material sealing section, a transitional slagging section is provided on the furnace frame part between the discharge port of the gasifier and the feed port of the ember furnace, and the transitional slagging section can form a stacked sealing state, and the furnace frame A garbage pusher and a residue pusher are provided. The garbage pusher is located below the feeding bin. The pushing head of the garbage pushing device extends into the sealing section of the stacking material, and is used to push the garbage in the feeding bin. The residue pusher is located between the gasifier and the ember furnace, and the push head of the residue pusher extends into the transitional slag section, which is used to push the garbage residue falling in the gasifier into the ember furnace, the gasifier and the ember furnace respectively include a furnace shell and a moving hearth, and the front and rear of the gasifier are respectively sealed by a stacking sealing section and a transitional slag section, and the transitional The slag section isolates the gasifier and the ember furnace so that the gasifier and the ember furnace are independent of each other, and there are at least one independent device under the movable hearth of the gasifier and the movable hearth of the ember furnace. The primary air chamber of the gasifier, the gasification furnace and the ember furnace are respectively arched, the front arch and the rear arch of the gasification furnace are respectively provided with secondary air supply ports, and the vault of the gasification furnace is provided with a first The flue gas outlet, the second flue gas outlet is set on the vault of the ember furnace to correspond to the primary air chamber below the gasifier moving hearth, the second flue gas outlet is connected to the corresponding primary air chamber through a flue gas pipe, The gasification furnace and the ember furnace are respectively provided with ignition and combustion-supporting holes; The boiler system includes a boiler body a and a boiler body b. The boiler body a has a cyclone combustion chamber, a furnace chamber a, and a furnace chamber b. The lower end of the cyclone combustion chamber is provided with a flue gas inlet, and the flue gas inlet of the cyclone combustion chamber It communicates with the first flue gas outlet, and the upper end of the cyclone combustion chamber is the third flue gas outlet. The cyclone combustion chamber is provided with several combustion-supporting air supply ports, and the plurality of combustion-supporting air supply ports are located at the flue gas inlet and the third flue gas outlet. Between, the third flue gas outlet at the upper end of the cyclone combustion chamber communicates with the upper end of the furnace chamber a, the lower ends of the furnace chamber a and the furnace chamber b communicate, the upper end of the furnace chamber b is provided with a waste gas outlet, and the cyclone combustion chamber An annular water-cooled wall a is arranged along the circumference, a superheater a is arranged in the furnace chamber a, an evaporator a is arranged in the furnace chamber b, a steam drum a is arranged on the top of the boiler body a, the cyclone combustion chamber, the furnace chamber a. Furnace chamber b is located below the steam drum a. The steam drum a is provided with a steam-water inlet. The steam drum a separates the steam-water mixture through a steam-water separation device. The water outlet of the steam drum a is respectively connected to the water wall a and the evaporator through pipelines The water inlet of a is used to output the water separated by the steam-water separation device. The water wall a and the steam outlet of the evaporator a are respectively connected to the steam inlet of the steam drum a through a steam pipe for returning high-temperature steam. The saturated steam outlet of the steam drum a is connected to the steam inlet of the superheater a through a pipeline, and is used to input the recirculated high-temperature steam into the superheater a, and the steam outlet of the superheater a outputs superheated steam; The boiler body b includes an evaporator b, a superheater b, and a water-cooled wall b that are sequentially set on the flue gas pipe from top to bottom, and a steam drum b is arranged on the top of the boiler body b. , the water wall b are all located below the steam drum b, the steam drum b is provided with a steam water inlet, the steam drum b separates the steam water mixture through the steam water separation device, and the water outlet of the steam drum b is respectively connected to the water wall b and the evaporator through pipelines The water inlet of b is used to output the water separated by the steam-water separation device. The steam outlets of the water wall b and the evaporator b are respectively connected to the steam inlet of the steam drum b through steam pipes, and are used to return high-temperature steam. The saturated steam outlet of the steam drum b is connected to the steam inlet of the superheater b through a pipeline, and is used to input the recirculated high-temperature steam into the superheater b, and the steam outlet of the superheater b outputs superheated steam; The circulating air supply system includes a dust removal device, a first blower fan, a second blower fan, a first manifold, and a second manifold. The branch pipe of the gasification furnace is connected to the primary air chamber below the moving hearth of the gasifier, the gas outlet of the dust removal device is connected to the inlet of the first fan through a pipeline, and the gas outlet of the first fan is connected to the furnace chamber b through a pipeline The air inlet of the second fan is connected to the atmosphere, the outlet of the second fan is connected to the main pipe of the second manifold, and the branch pipes of the second manifold are respectively connected with the primary The combustion-supporting air supply ports of the air chamber and the cyclone combustion chamber are connected with the secondary air supply ports on the front and rear arches of the gasifier, and regulating valves are respectively set on the branch pipes of the first manifold and the second manifold. 2. The double-layer mechanical grate type garbage gasification incinerator and its double-boiler system according to claim 1, characterized in that: it also includes a steam output device and a water supply input system, and the steam outlet of the superheater passes through a pipeline Output superheated steam to the steam output device. The water supply input system includes a condenser, a water pump, a deaerator, and a booster water pump connected in series through pipelines. The water pump and the deaerator are connected to a water source through a water supply pipeline. The water inlet of the device is connected to the drain of the steam output device through a pipeline, and the water outlet of the booster pump is connected to the steam water inlet of steam drum a and steam drum b through a pipeline. 3. The double-layer mechanical grate type garbage gasification incinerator and its double-boiler system according to claim 2, characterized in that: the steam output device is a steam turbine. 4. The double-layer mechanical grate type garbage gasification incinerator and its double-boiler system according to claim 2, characterized in that: the boiler body has a furnace chamber c, and the upper end of the furnace chamber c is connected to the furnace chamber b The waste gas outlet at the upper end is connected, and the lower end of the furnace chamber c is provided with a waste gas discharge port. 5. The double-layer mechanical grate type garbage gasification incinerator and its double-boiler system according to claim 4, characterized in that: a heat economizer is arranged in the furnace chamber c, and the water inlet of the heat economizer It communicates with the water outlet of the booster water pump, and the water outlet of the economizer communicates with the steam-water inlets of steam drum a and steam drum b respectively through pipelines. 6. The double-layer mechanical grate type garbage gasification incinerator and its double-boiler system according to claim 4, characterized in that: an air preheater is arranged in the furnace chamber c, and the air outlet of the second fan The end is connected to the air inlet of the air preheater, and the air outlet of the air preheater is connected to the main pipe of the second manifold. 7. The double-layer mechanical grate type garbage gasification incinerator and its double-boiler system according to claim 4, characterized in that: the waste gas discharge port of the furnace chamber c is connected to a flue gas purification system, and the flue gas purification system The system includes scrubbers, dust collectors, induced draft fans, and chimneys connected in series along the exhaust direction. 8. The double-layer mechanical grate type garbage gasification incinerator and its double-boiler system according to claim 1, characterized in that: a common slag outlet is provided below the furnace chamber a and furnace chamber b, and the The upper end of the cyclone combustion chamber is provided with combustion chamber ignition and combustion-supporting holes, and the lower end of the cyclone combustion chamber is provided with a tapered slag outlet with a radius that becomes smaller from top to bottom. The hearth of the furnace is connected. 9. The double-layer mechanical grate type garbage gasification incinerator and its double-boiler system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the flue gas inlet and the third flue gas outlet are located on the opposite side of the circumferential wall of the cyclone combustion chamber ; The third flue gas outlet is arranged radially or tangentially along the circumferential wall of the cyclone combustion chamber. 10. The double-layer mechanical grate type garbage gasification incinerator and its double-boiler system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the transitional slagging section is provided with an openable and closable isolation door, and the isolation door Used to separate the gasifier and ember furnace.