CN1056250C - 镁基储氢合金材料 - Google Patents

镁基储氢合金材料 Download PDF

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CN1056250C
CN1056250C CN95100253A CN95100253A CN1056250C CN 1056250 C CN1056250 C CN 1056250C CN 95100253 A CN95100253 A CN 95100253A CN 95100253 A CN95100253 A CN 95100253A CN 1056250 C CN1056250 C CN 1056250C
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alloy
alloy material
hydrogen
material storing
materials
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CN1112735A (zh
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陈有孝
梁高俊
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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Abstract

本发明是一种新型镁基储氢合金材料及该合金的制造方法。该合金材料由Mg2-x-yNi1-z-uAxByCzDu组成。其中A可以是Al或Ca,Be,B可以是Zn或Sn,C可以是Cr或Co,Mn,D可以是Mo或W,Ti。本发明在常温常压下具有充放氢的能力,用它制成的电极组装成碱蓄电池,有较高的重量比能量,充放电容量达到330mAH/g以上,可用于大型用电设备,电动车辆。此外,该合金材料还可以应用于热泵、空调机和氢运输载体等领域。

Description

镁基储氢合金材料
本发明涉及合金材料,特别是一种由镁基合金组成的储氢合金材料。
应用于二次电池中的理想的储氢合金材料,应该具有较高的有效电化学容量,合适的氢平衡分解压力,充放电寿命长,耐腐蚀性能好,电催化性能优良,以及较低的原料价格。为了达到上述目的,人们对储氢合金材料的组成与结构进行了不断的研制、改进。目前,稀土系储氢合金材料和TiNi合金已有了不同程度的应用。与它们相比,镁基储氢合金有着更卓越的优点,即电化学容量高,重量比能量大,价格低。因此它将成为大型电器,尤其是电动车辆的重要电源。然而镁基合金现存最大的问题是在常温常压下,不能可逆地充放氢,反映到电极上,即在常温常压下不能放电,而必须在300℃以上时才可以,所以极大地限制了镁基储氢合金的应用领域。
本发明的目的旨在解决镁基储氢合金材料在常温常压下充放氢的技术难题,而提出一种新型的镁基储氢合金材料,及其制作该合金的方法。
本发明的目的,可以通过下述技术方案实现。
新型储氢合金材料由Mg2-x-yNi1-z-nAxByCzDu组成:其中A可以是Al或Ca,Be,B可以是Zn或Sn,C可以是Cr或Co,Mn,D可以是Mo或W,Ti;合金中组份:A、B、C、D的原子百分比为:
        x            0.03-0.4;
        y            0.02-0.3;
        z            0.02-0.1;
        u            0.02-0.1。
新型储氢合金材料的制作,是将各组份合金材料在真空炉中熔化,并随炉冷却,制成合金锭;将合金锭在真空炉中加热至800℃-900℃,保温5-8h进行均匀化退火处理,将处理后的合金锭在高频感应炉上熔化,并在保护性气氛或真空状态下将熔化的合金甩到转动的滚筒上,制成厚度为0.2-0.4mm的薄带,滚筒内用制冷剂制冷,使表面温度<5℃;将薄带在惰性气体保护下,用振磨机磨成Φ30-Φ38μm的粉末,然后迅速浸入5MKOH的溶液中5-10分钟,再转入蒸馏水中冲洗,在该过程中应避免氧化;其后放入PH值为8.3的氯化镍、柠檬酸、氯化铵、氨水、次亚磷酸钠溶液中,在合金表面镀一层0.2-0.25μm的Ni-P复合层;最后,从溶液中取出合金,放入真空炉中加热至600℃-800℃,保温3-4h,进行晶态转变,即制成粉末状镁基储氢合金材料。
本发明合金材料中,组份Ax,By,Cz,Du的较好的原子百分比为:
        x            0.03-0.2;
        y            0.1 -0.3;
        z            0.02-0.05;
        u            0.02-0.05。
新型镁基储氢合金材料、在MgNi元素中加入A、B、C、D各组份中的一个元素,可以组成多个具体的实施例,例如:
合金由:Mg1.8Ni0.9Al0.1Sn0.1Co0.05Mo0.05组成。
合金由:Mg1.8Ni0.9Al0.1Zn0.1Co0.05Mo0.05组成。
合金由:Mg1.8Ni0.9Be0.1Sn0.1Mn0.05Ti0.05组成。
合金由:Mg1.8Ni0.9Ca0.1Zn0.1Cr0.05Ti0.05组成。
合金由:Mg1.7Ni0.8Al0.15Sn0.15Co0.1W0.1组成。
合金由:Mg1.8Ni0.8Al0.1Zn0.1Mn0.1Mo0.1组成。
合金由:Mg1.7Ni0.8Al0.1Sn0.2Cr0.14Tl0.06组成。
合金由:Mg1.8Ni0.9Be0.05Zn0.15Co0.08W0.02组成。
合金由:Mg1.5Ni0.95Al0.4Sn0.1Co0.02Mo0.03组成。
合金由:Mg1.95Ni0.8Al0.03Zn0.02Co0.1W0.1组成
合金由:Mg1.4Ni0.8Al0.3Sn0.3Mn0.1Mo0.1组成。
合金由:Mg1.8Ni0.9Ca0.1Zn0.1Cr0.05W0.05组成。
本发明镁基储氢合金材料,在常温常压下具有充放氢的能力,用它制成的电极组装成碱蓄电池,有高的重量比能量,充放电容量达到330mAH/g以上,可以用于大型用电设备,电动车辆。此外,该发明还可以应用于热泵,空调机和氢运输载体等领域。

Claims (10)

1、一种镁基储氢合金材料,其特征在于合金材料由Mg2-x-yNi1-z-uAxByCzDu组成,其中A是Al或Ca,Be,B是Zn或Sn,C是Cr或Co,Mn,D是Mo或W,Ti;合金中组份:A、B、C、D的原子百分比为:
        x            0.03-0.4;
        y            0.02-0.3;
        z            0.02-0.1;
        u            0.02-0.1 。
2、按照权利要求1所述的合金材料,其特征在于组份:A、B、C、D的原子百分比为:
        x            0.03-0.2;
        y            0.1 -0.3;
        z            0.02-0.05
        u            0.02-0.05。
3、按照权利要求1或2所述的合金材料,其特征在于合金的组成为Mg1.8Ni0.9Al0.1Sn0.1Co0.05Mo0.05
4、按照权利要求1或2所述的合金材料,其特征在于合金的组成为Mg1.8Ni0.9Al0.1Zn0.1Co0.05Mo0.05
5、按照权利要求1或2所述的合金材料,其特征在于合金的组成为Mg1.8Ni0.9Be0.1Sn0.1Mn0.05Ti0.05
6、按照权利要求1或2所述的合金材料,其特征在于合金的组成为Mg1.8Ni0.9Ca0.1Zn0.1Cr0.05Ti0.05
7、按照权利要求1或2所述的合金材料,其特征在于合金的组成为Mg1.7Ni0.8Al0.15Sn0.15Co0.1W0.1
8、按照权利要求1或2所述的合金材料,其特征在于合金的组成为Mg1.8Ni0.8Al0.1Zn0.1Mn0.1Mo0.1
9、按照权利要求1或2所述的合金材料,其特征在于合金的组成为Mg1.8Ni0.9Be0.05Zn0.15Co0.08W0.02
10、一种专门用来制作新型镁基储氢合金材料的方法,其特征在于将由Mg2-x-yNi1-z-uAxByCzDu组成的,其中A是Al或Ca,Be,B是Zn或Sn,C是Cr或Co,Mn,D是Mo或W,Ti;且A、B、C、D的原子百分比为:
        x            0.03-0.4;
        y            0.02-0.3;
        z            0.02-0.1;
        u            0.02-0.1的合金材料在真空炉中熔化,并随炉冷却,制成合金锭;将合金锭在真空炉中加热至800℃-900℃,保温5-8h进行均匀化退火处理,将处理后的合金锭在高频感应炉上熔化,并在保护性气氛或真空状态下将熔化的合金甩到转动的滚筒上,制成厚度为0.2-0.4mm的薄带,滚筒内用制冷剂制冷,使表面温度<5℃;将薄带在惰性气体保护下,用振磨机磨成φ30-φ38μm的粉末,然后迅速浸入5MKOH的溶液中5-10分钟,再转入蒸馏水中冲洗;其后放入PH值为8.3的氯化镍、柠檬酸、氯化铵、氨水、次亚磷酸钠溶液中,在合金表面镀一层0.2-0.25μm的Ni-P复合层;最后,从溶液中取出合金,放入真空炉中加热至600℃-800℃,保温3-4h,进行晶态转变,即制成粉末状镁基储氢合金材料。
CN95100253A 1995-01-27 1995-01-27 镁基储氢合金材料 Expired - Fee Related CN1056250C (zh)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1314823C (zh) * 2005-02-02 2007-05-09 华南理工大学 一种REMg3型贮氢合金及其制备方法

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US7790013B2 (en) * 2006-03-29 2010-09-07 Safe Hydrogen, Llc Storing and transporting energy

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1064175A (zh) * 1992-01-08 1992-09-02 南开大学 镁基储氢合金电极

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1064175A (zh) * 1992-01-08 1992-09-02 南开大学 镁基储氢合金电极

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1314823C (zh) * 2005-02-02 2007-05-09 华南理工大学 一种REMg3型贮氢合金及其制备方法

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