CN105612848A - Method for reducing content of cadmium and arsenic of rice - Google Patents

Method for reducing content of cadmium and arsenic of rice Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105612848A
CN105612848A CN201610049286.1A CN201610049286A CN105612848A CN 105612848 A CN105612848 A CN 105612848A CN 201610049286 A CN201610049286 A CN 201610049286A CN 105612848 A CN105612848 A CN 105612848A
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China
Prior art keywords
rice
soil
content
cadmium
seo
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CN201610049286.1A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
冯人伟
廖国健
郭军康
王瑞刚
徐应明
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Agro Environmental Protection Institute Ministry of Agriculture
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Agro Environmental Protection Institute Ministry of Agriculture
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Priority to CN201610049286.1A priority Critical patent/CN105612848A/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/007—Determining fertilization requirements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/20—Cereals
    • A01G22/22—Rice
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
    • C05D9/02—Other inorganic fertilisers containing trace elements

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for reducing the content of cadmium and arsenic of rice, and improving the content of necessary nutrient elements and amino acids of the rice. The method comprising the following steps: before rice seedlings are transplanted, air-drying soil; applying three base fertilizers, namely, CO(NH)2, KH2PO4 and K2SO4N, and Na2SeO3 or Na3SeO4 in the proportion of 0.1 to 8 mg.kg<-1> in a powder form, into the soil; fully and uniformly mixing the base fertilizers and the soil; flooding the soil into which the base fertilizers and selenium are added a week before the rice seedlings are transplanted; keeping a flooding layer of 2 to 6 cm. According to the method, root morphology and number of the rice can be remarkably changed so as to remarkably reduce the content of the cadmium and the arsenic in the rice by planting the rice in the mode of adding the three base fertilizers and the selenium fertilizer, and simultaneously, matching a reasonable field water content management mode, namely, sufficiently flooding the soil before the rice seedlings are transplanted, and flooding in the whole growing stage of the rice after the rice seedlings are transplanted.

Description

A kind of method reducing rice cadmium, arsenic content
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural pollution Prevention Technique field, be specifically related to a kind of method utilizing root to execute selenium fertilizer and moisture regulation measure reduction rice cadmium, arsenic content, the necessary nutrient of raising rice and amino acid content.
Background technology
Cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) bio-toxicity are high and have a very wide distribution, and its pollution is particularly acute, and they can be enriched with in a large number in plant, and plant is produced toxic action, affect plant normal growth, reduce crop yield, even result in Plant death. Cd and As can also pass through food chain and enter in mankind's body, participates in body metabolism. Take in Cd for a long time, urinary system changes of function can be caused, also can affect the growth of skeleton; As is then likely to cause the cancers such as bladder cancer, pulmonary carcinoma, hepatocarcinoma.
Selenium (Se) is as a kind of needed by human, and the element that plant is useful, has been demonstrated the absorption of the heavy metal or class heavy metal that can suppress plant to including Cd and As, promotes the growth of plant, improves the yield of crop. Alleviate the study mechanism of heavy metal toxicity currently, with respect to Se, mostly focus on the anti-oxidation function of Se, Se adjustment photosynthetical system and Se and repair the aspects such as damaged cell.
And it is about Se, crop yield under Cd and As stress conditions is not clear with the relation of quality of agricultural product with the metamorphosis of the impact of quality, Se. Additionally, mode and dosage range for Appropriate application Se are also still not clear. In addition, the Se of different shape absorption in plant and metabolic process also exist difference, different shape Se is being alleviated Cd and As toxicity and is being suppressed to would be likely to occur difference in the process that they absorb, but also extremely lacks for this respect research conclusion or applicable technological means.
China has the shortage that the population in 72% area lacks Se, Se to be directly detrimental to health, diseases induced, for instance Keshan disease, cardiovascular disease, hepatopathy, cataract, even cancer. Therefore, by improving food especially selenium content of crops, and then improve the selenium intake of the scarce selenium regional population of China, to ensureing that national health has important realistic meaning.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of method reducing rice cadmium, arsenic content, this method utilizes root to execute selenium fertilizer and moisture regulation measure reduces rice cadmium, arsenic content the method improving the necessary constituent content of rice, improving necessary amino acid content.
The present invention realizes the technical scheme of purpose:
A kind of method reducing rice cadmium, arsenic content, comprises the steps:
(1), before rice transplanting, soil is air-dry;
(2), according to N:P:K element mass ratio 0.1-0.3g:0.05-0.25g:0.25-0.35g in air-dry soil, add CO (NH)2, KH2PO4, K2SO4Tri-kinds of base manure of N;
(3) according to 0.1-8mgkg in air-dry soil-1Ratio, adds Na2SeO3Or Na2SeO4;
(4) before rice transplanting, waterlogging 1-2 week;
(5) during the whole period of duration of Oryza sativa L., Soil conservation waterflooding.
And, before the (1) rice transplanting of described step, need to by air-dry for soil to moisture content 2%-5%.
And, described CO (NH)2, KH2PO4, K2SO4Tri-kinds of base manure of N and Na2SeO3And/or Na2SeO4All with Powdered addition, powder diameter is less than 20 orders.
And, before the (3) rice transplanting of described step, waterlogging thickness is maintained at 2-6cm, and after rice transplanting, waterlogging thickness is maintained at 2-6cm.
Advantages of the present invention and having the benefit effect that
The present invention utilizes CO (NH)2, KH2PO4, K2SO4Tri-kinds of base manure of N and Na2SeO3And/or Na2SeO4Source is added as selenium fertilizer, coordinate rational water consumpation way to manage simultaneously, namely by the mode rice cultivation of rice at whole growth periods waterflooding after abundant for soil waterflooding, rice transplanting before rice transplanting, it is possible to significantly change rice root form and quantity, thus significantly reducing the content of cadmium and arsenic in rice.
The present invention is remarkably improved rice Se content, and improves the form of selenium in rice, improves safety and the nutritive value of food Selenium Supplement, is conducive to improving China's population and generally lacks the present situation of selenium.
The method can significantly improve iron content in rice, the magnesium that simultaneously can improve in Oryza sativa L. rice husk in magnesium, ferrum, zinc and stem and leaf, potassium content, improve Oryza sativa L. overall quality, increase the value of the non-edible part of Oryza sativa L..
The present invention can dramatically increase total amino acid content in rice, it is possible to increase must account for the ratio of total amino acids by aminoacid, improve rice quality, improve rice mouthfeel, increase the commercially available value of rice.
Na in the present invention2SeO3And/or Na2SeO4Dosage is more high, CO (NH)2, KH2PO4, K2SO4The dosage of tri-kinds of base manure of N is more low, and selenium can promote the absorption of above base manure.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1: waterflooding adds root and executes Na2SeO3Or Na2SeO4On rice, rice husk, stem and leaf, four kinds of position selenium (Fig. 1-1) of root system, cadmium (Fig. 1-2), arsenic (Fig. 1-3) content impact.
Fig. 2: waterflooding adds root and executes Na2SeO3Or Na2SeO4On the impact of Se form in rice grain.
Table 6: waterflooding adds root and executes Na2SeO3Or Na2SeO4Impact on rice yield.
Table 7: waterflooding adds root and executes Na2SeO3Or Na2SeO4On the impact of Mg, K, Ca content in rice.
Table 8: root executes Na2SeO3Or Na2SeO4Impact on rice amino acid content.
Detailed description of the invention
The inventive method is described below by specific embodiment. Unless stated otherwise, technological means used in the present invention is method known in those skilled in the art. It addition, embodiment is interpreted as illustrative, and unrestricted the scope of the present invention, the spirit and scope of the invention are limited only by the claims that follow. To those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing substantially from spirit and scope of the present invention, the various changes or the changes that carry out the material component in these embodiments and consumption fall within protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of method reducing rice cadmium, arsenic content, step is as follows:
(1) by air-dry for soil to moisture content 2%;
(2), according to N:P:K ratio 0.2g:0.2g:0.3g, adding particle diameter is the Powdered CO of 20 purpose (NH)2, KH2PO4, K2SO4Tri-kinds of base manure of N;
(3) according still further to 5mgkg-1Ratio, adding particle diameter is the 100 Powdered Na of purpose2SeO4, fully mix;
(4) within before rice transplanting 1 week, by abundant for soil waterflooding, waterflooding thickness keeps 3cm; After rice transplanting, the time of infertility keeps waterflooding, and waterflooding thickness keeps 4cm.
In table 1, in rice, iron content dramatically increases 29%.
In table 2, in rice, arsenic, cadmium content significantly reduce 58%, 45% respectively, and rice Se content significantly improves 139 times.
Table 1 rice micronutrient levels
Remarks: in table, different letters represent significant difference
The Se impact on rice As, Se, Cd content executed by 2, table
Remarks: in table, different letters represent significant difference
Embodiment 2
A kind of method reducing rice cadmium, arsenic content, step is as follows:
(1) by air-dry for soil to moisture content 4%;
(2), according to N:P:K ratio 0.3g:0.25g:0.35g, adding particle diameter is the Powdered CO of 50 purpose (NH)2, KH2PO4, K2SO4Tri-kinds of base manure of N;
(3) according still further to 0.11mgkg-1Ratio, adding particle diameter is the 20 Powdered Na of purpose2SeO3, fully mix;
(4) within before rice transplanting 2 weeks, by abundant for soil waterflooding, waterflooding thickness keeps 4cm; After rice transplanting, the time of infertility keeps waterflooding, and waterflooding thickness keeps 2cm.
In table 3, in rice, arsenic, cadmium content substantially reduce by 29%, 10% respectively, and rice Se content significantly improves 1.75 times.
Table 4 must be compared comparison and dramatically increase 9% by amino.
The Se impact on rice As, Se, Cd content executed by 3, table
Remarks: in table, different letters represent significant difference
Table 4 rice amino acid content
Remarks: in table, different letters represent significant difference
Embodiment 3
A kind of method reducing rice cadmium, arsenic content, step is as follows:
(1) by air-dry for soil to moisture content 4%;
(2), according to N:P:K ratio 0.1g:0.05g:0.25g, adding particle diameter is the Powdered CO of 100 purpose (NH)2, KH2PO4, K2SO4Tri-kinds of base manure of N;
(3) according still further to 0.1mgkg-1Ratio, adding particle diameter is the 50 Powdered Na of purpose2SeO4, fully mix;
(4) rice transplanting the last week is by abundant for soil waterflooding, and waterflooding thickness keeps 3cm; After rice transplanting, the time of infertility keeps waterflooding, and waterflooding thickness keeps 3cm.
In table 5, in rice, arsenic, cadmium content reduce by 30%, 14% respectively, and rice Se content significantly improves 63%.
The Se impact on rice As, Se, Cd content executed by 5, table
Remarks: in table, different letters represent significant difference
Table 6
Table 7
Table 8

Claims (4)

1. the method reducing rice cadmium, arsenic content, it is characterised in that: comprise the steps:
(1), before rice transplanting, soil is air-dry;
(2), according to N:P:K element mass ratio 0.1-0.3g:0.05-0.25g:0.25-0.35g in air-dry soil, add CO (NH)2, KH2PO4, K2SO4Tri-kinds of base manure of N;
(3) according to 0.1-8mgkg in air-dry soil-1Ratio, adds Na2SeO3Or Na2SeO4;
(4) before rice transplanting, waterlogging 1-2 week;
(5) during the whole period of duration of Oryza sativa L., Soil conservation waterflooding.
2. the method reducing rice cadmium, arsenic content as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: before the (1) rice transplanting of described step, need to by air-dry for soil to moisture content 2%-5%.
3. the method reducing rice cadmium, arsenic content as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: described CO (NH)2, KH2PO4, K2SO4Tri-kinds of base manure of N and Na2SeO3And/or Na2SeO4All with Powdered addition, powder diameter is less than 20 orders.
4. the method reducing rice cadmium, arsenic content as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: before the (3) rice transplanting of described step, waterlogging thickness is maintained at 2-6cm, and after rice transplanting, waterlogging thickness is maintained at 2-6cm.
CN201610049286.1A 2016-01-25 2016-01-25 Method for reducing content of cadmium and arsenic of rice Pending CN105612848A (en)

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Cited By (9)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106718457A (en) * 2017-01-22 2017-05-31 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 A kind of method for reducing cadmium content in early rice rice
CN107087638A (en) * 2017-03-10 2017-08-25 浙江大学 Reduce the preparation of arsenic content and its preparation method and usage in rice grain
CN109168518A (en) * 2018-10-17 2019-01-11 常州大学 A kind of nitrogen fertilizer applying method reducing rice arsenic concentration
CN109302964A (en) * 2018-12-12 2019-02-05 湖南袁禾农业科技有限公司 Cadmium rice and its implantation methods drop
CN109328932A (en) * 2018-11-23 2019-02-15 长沙灯文生态农业开发有限公司 Cadmium cultural method drops in rice
CN111149639A (en) * 2019-12-31 2020-05-15 湖南师范大学 Method for reducing cadmium content of rice by submerged cultivation
CN114041392A (en) * 2021-10-22 2022-02-15 中冶南方都市环保工程技术股份有限公司 Planting technology for reducing chromium and arsenic content in rice
CN114149288A (en) * 2021-11-26 2022-03-08 中南大学 Rice cadmium and arsenic reduction slow-release compound agent, preparation method, application and treatment method
CN114342756A (en) * 2022-01-12 2022-04-15 中国科学院城市环境研究所 Method for reducing arsenic and cadmium content in rice

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106718457A (en) * 2017-01-22 2017-05-31 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 A kind of method for reducing cadmium content in early rice rice
CN107087638A (en) * 2017-03-10 2017-08-25 浙江大学 Reduce the preparation of arsenic content and its preparation method and usage in rice grain
CN107087638B (en) * 2017-03-10 2019-05-07 浙江大学 Reduce the preparation of arsenic content and its preparation method and usage in rice grain
CN109168518A (en) * 2018-10-17 2019-01-11 常州大学 A kind of nitrogen fertilizer applying method reducing rice arsenic concentration
CN109328932A (en) * 2018-11-23 2019-02-15 长沙灯文生态农业开发有限公司 Cadmium cultural method drops in rice
CN109302964A (en) * 2018-12-12 2019-02-05 湖南袁禾农业科技有限公司 Cadmium rice and its implantation methods drop
CN111149639A (en) * 2019-12-31 2020-05-15 湖南师范大学 Method for reducing cadmium content of rice by submerged cultivation
CN114041392A (en) * 2021-10-22 2022-02-15 中冶南方都市环保工程技术股份有限公司 Planting technology for reducing chromium and arsenic content in rice
CN114149288A (en) * 2021-11-26 2022-03-08 中南大学 Rice cadmium and arsenic reduction slow-release compound agent, preparation method, application and treatment method
CN114342756A (en) * 2022-01-12 2022-04-15 中国科学院城市环境研究所 Method for reducing arsenic and cadmium content in rice

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