CN114342756A - Method for reducing arsenic and cadmium content in rice - Google Patents
Method for reducing arsenic and cadmium content in rice Download PDFInfo
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- CN114342756A CN114342756A CN202210030084.8A CN202210030084A CN114342756A CN 114342756 A CN114342756 A CN 114342756A CN 202210030084 A CN202210030084 A CN 202210030084A CN 114342756 A CN114342756 A CN 114342756A
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- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title 1
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 17
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001608 iron mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000005587 carbonate group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 3
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000193403 Clostridium Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe3+ Chemical compound [Fe+3] VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- AQLMHYSWFMLWBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenite(1-) Chemical compound O[As](O)[O-] AQLMHYSWFMLWBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000014461 bone development Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 cadmium form sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000360 iron(III) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000018343 nutrient deficiency Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003900 soil pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000101 thioether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and relates to a method for reducing arsenic and cadmium content in rice. The method provided by the invention utilizes a continuous flooding water management measure and combines application of the pig manure organic fertilizer, and realizes that the contents of arsenic and cadmium in the planted rice are greatly reduced at the same time in the high-arsenic and cadmium geological background area, so that the contents of arsenic and cadmium are both lower than the limit values of the national safety standard, and the rice yield can be obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and relates to a method for reducing arsenic and cadmium content in rice.
Background
Arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) are two of the most common heavy metals in farmland soil, and can enter a food chain through a soil-plant system, thereby causing serious threats to human health, including various cancers and influencing bone development. According to survey bulletin of national soil pollution situation issued in 2014, the point standard exceeding rates of As and Cd in farmland soil in China are respectively 2.7% and 7%. Due to geological reasons or human activities such as mining, industrial discharge and sewage irrigation, two heavy metals are often present in the soil simultaneously.
However, As and Cd behave in the soil environment quite in opposite directions. In an anaerobic environment, ferric iron and sulfate undergo chemical and biological reduction, resulting in desorption and conversion of As from iron minerals to arsenite, increasing the fluidity and biological toxicity of As. Meanwhile, Cd and sulfide form precipitates or are combined with secondary iron minerals, so that the mobility of Cd is remarkably reduced. Under aerobic conditions, sulfides are oxidized, the combined Cd is released into the soil solution, and As is adsorbed on the iron mineral or enters the iron mineral crystal lattice, and then the mobility of Cd is increased and the bioavailability of As is reduced. Therefore, an agricultural measure is developed to effectively reduce the absorption and accumulation of two heavy metals by rice at the same time so as to ensure the safe production of crops, and the method has important practical significance for guaranteeing the national health.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a method for remarkably improving the yield of rice and reducing the content of arsenic and cadmium in the rice in soil with high content of arsenic and cadmium.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme: a method for reducing the content of arsenic and cadmium in rice, which comprises the following steps: applying the pig manure organic fertilizer in the soil with the pH value of 5.5-6.5, directly performing continuous flooding treatment on the soil for 12-18 days, and then transplanting the rice in the seedling stage to the soil.
In the method for reducing the content of arsenic and cadmium in rice, 1-3g of pig manure organic fertilizer is added in each kilogram of soil. After the pig manure organic fertilizer is added, the abundance of iron reducing bacteria Clostridium _1 under the flooding condition is remarkably reduced, and the reduction and dissolution of iron oxide are inhibited, so that the release of arsenic is inhibited, meanwhile, the pig manure organic fertilizer and arsenic can form a complex to fix the complex, and the mobility and the bioavailability of the arsenic are reduced, so that the arsenic content in the iron film, roots, stems, leaves and rice of the rice root system is remarkably reduced, particularly in the rice, the arsenic content is reduced by more than two times compared with that in the treatment of applying inorganic fertilizer and biochar, is only 0.14mg/kg at most and is lower than the national safety standard limit (GB2762-2017) by 0.2 mg/kg. In the method, the nitrogen application amount is 120mg N/kg soil, the cost is increased excessively, nutrient deficiency is caused when the nitrogen application amount is too small, and a good regulation effect on soil microorganisms is difficult to achieve.
In the method for reducing the content of arsenic and cadmium in rice, the element content of the pig manure organic fertilizer is as follows: 15-20g/kg of nitrogen, 250g/kg of carbon 230-Si-O-S, 2-4g/kg of sulfur, 2-5g/kg of ferrum, 12-16mg/kg of arsenic and 0.3-0.5mg/kg of cadmium. In the invention, carbon and nitrogen are used as nutrient elements for the growth of paddy rice; the sulfur can be reduced under the flooding condition, so that the sulfur and cadmium form sulfides, and the mobility and the bioavailability of the cadmium are reduced; iron can form iron oxide under the action of microorganisms after entering soil, and arsenic and cadmium are adsorbed and fixed; as and Cd are the background values of the fertilizer, and too high content can introduce pollution.
In the method for reducing the content of arsenic and cadmium in rice, the flooding treatment is continued until the rice is harvested for 90-100 days. The rice is transplanted after the flooding treatment for 12-18 days, because the nutrients of the soil need to be fully balanced after the pig manure organic fertilizer is applied, and the microorganisms in the soil are activated.
Preferably, the pH of the paddy soil is 6.0 to 6.4. Too low a pH can cause iron oxide to dissolve, so that the adsorbed arsenic and cadmium are released and difficult to fix, and the bioavailability is remarkably increased.
Preferably, the surface covering water layer of the continuously flooded soil is 2-3cm in height. In the flooding-drainage and drainage-flooding treatment, due to the reduction of pH and the increase of oxidation-reduction potential Eh in the drainage stage, fixed cadmium is released, the activity and bioavailability are obviously improved, and the cadmium is easy to be absorbed and accumulated by rice. In the continuous flooding treatment, Eh is always low, so that cadmium is stably fixed in soil and is difficult to be biologically utilized, the cadmium content in the rice is always lower than the limit value of the national safety standard (GB2762-2017) of 0.2mg/kg, and the inorganic arsenic content in the rice is also reduced to be lower than the limit value of the national safety standard (GB2762-2017) of 0.2mg/kg under the action of the pig manure organic fertilizer.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the method provided by the invention utilizes a continuous flooding water management measure and combines application of the pig manure organic fertilizer, and realizes that the contents of arsenic and cadmium in the planted rice are greatly reduced at the same time in the high-arsenic and cadmium geological background area, so that the contents of arsenic and cadmium are both lower than the limit values of the national safety standard, and the rice yield can be obviously improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the results of the detection of cadmium content in each part of rice in example 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2.
FIG. 2 shows the results of measuring the arsenic content of each part of rice in example 1, comparative example 3 and comparative example 4.
Detailed Description
The following are specific examples of the present invention and further describe the technical solutions of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
Example 1:
2kg of soil in a geological high background area in the horizontal county of Guangxi is filled into a plastic basin, 4g of pig manure organic fertilizer is applied, then the soil is subjected to continuous flooding treatment for 14 days, the height of a water layer covering the surface of the soil is 3cm, then a rice seedling of Jiazao 17 is transplanted, and the flooding treatment is continued until the rice is harvested, wherein the time is 96 days.
The soil texture is carbonate rock red soil, the pH is 6.4, and the soil element content comprises: 2.5g/kg of nitrogen, 22.5g/kg of carbon, 1.4g/kg of sulfur, 36.2g/kg of iron, 59.2mg/kg of arsenic and 0.6mg/kg of cadmium.
The element content of the pig manure organic fertilizer is as follows: 18.5g/kg of nitrogen, 242.7g/kg of carbon, 3.2g/kg of sulfur, 3.6g/kg of iron, 14.2mg/kg of arsenic and 0.4mg/kg of cadmium.
Example 2:
2kg of soil in a geological high background area in the horizontal county of Guangxi is filled into a plastic basin, 2g of pig manure organic fertilizer is applied, then the soil is subjected to continuous flooding treatment for 14 days, the height of a water layer covering the surface of the soil is 3cm, then a rice seedling of Jiazao 17 is transplanted, and the flooding treatment is continued until the rice is harvested, wherein the time is 96 days.
The paddy field is in the geology high background area of Guangxi horizontal county, and paddy field soil texture is carbonate rock red soil, and paddy field soil pH is 6.1, and paddy field soil element content includes: 2.3g/kg of nitrogen, 21.5g/kg of carbon, 1.1g/kg of sulfur, 35.2g/kg of iron, 40.4mg/kg of arsenic and 0.5mg/kg of cadmium.
The element content of the pig manure organic fertilizer is as follows: 15.5g/kg of nitrogen, 232g/kg of carbon, 2.5g/kg of sulfur, 2.0g/kg of iron, 12.0mg/kg of arsenic and 0.3mg/kg of cadmium.
Example 3:
2kg of soil in a geological high background area in the horizontal county of Guangxi is filled into a plastic basin, 6g of pig manure organic fertilizer is applied, then the soil is subjected to continuous flooding treatment for 14 days, then 17 Jiazao rice seedlings in one rice plant are transplanted, the height of a water covering layer on the surface of the soil subjected to continuous flooding treatment is 3cm, and the flooding treatment is continued until rice is harvested for 96 days.
The paddy field is in the geology high background area of Guangxi horizontal county, and paddy field soil texture is carbonate rock red soil, and paddy field soil pH is 6.2, and paddy field soil element content includes: 2.8g/kg of nitrogen, 25.5g/kg of carbon, 1.3g/kg of sulfur, 38.5g/kg of iron, 45.0mg/kg of arsenic and 0.83mg/kg of cadmium.
The element content of the pig manure organic fertilizer is as follows: 19.8g/kg of nitrogen, 249.5g/kg of carbon, 3.8g/kg of sulfur, 4.8g/kg of iron, 15.8mg/kg of arsenic and 0.48mg/kg of cadmium.
Comparative example 1:
the difference from example 1 is only that, after flooding for 49 days, drainage is performed.
Comparative example 2:
the difference from example 1 is only that, after draining, flooding was performed 49 days later.
Comparative example 3:
the difference from example 1 is only that the inorganic fertilizer urea is applied before the continuous flooding treatment.
Comparative example 4:
the difference from example 1 is only that biochar is applied before the continuous flooding treatment.
Table 1: results of measuring arsenic and cadmium contents in rice of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 4
| Examples | Inorganic substanceArsenic (mg/kg) | Cadmium (mg/kg) | Rice biomass (g/plant) |
| Example 1 | 0.14 | 0.09 | 41 |
| Example 2 | 0.19 | 0.11 | 38 |
| Example 3 | 0.16 | 0.10 | 40 |
| Comparative example 1 | 0.12 | 0.32 | 40 |
| Comparative example 2 | 0.18 | 0.24 | 29 |
| Comparative example 3 | 0.58 | 0.07 | 33 |
| Comparative example 4 | 0.44 | 0.06 | 25 |
FIG. 1 shows the results of the detection of cadmium content in each part of rice in example 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2. As can be seen from the figure, after the pig manure organic fertilizer is applied, the concentration of cadmium in rice plants is obviously reduced under the condition of continuous flooding, the concentrations of cadmium in rice under the conditions of drainage-flooding and flooding-drainage are respectively 0.24 mg/kg and 0.32mg/kg, and the concentration of cadmium in rice under the condition of continuous flooding is lower than the limit value of the national safety standard (GB2762-2017) by 0.2mg/kg and is 0.09 mg/kg.
FIG. 2 shows the results of measuring the arsenic content of each part of rice in example 1, comparative example 3 and comparative example 4. As can be seen from the figure, under the condition of continuous flooding, the application of the pig manure organic fertilizer obviously inhibits the accumulation of arsenic in rice, the concentration of inorganic arsenic in the rice is only 0.14mg/kg, and the concentration of arsenic in the rice is higher than the national safety standard limit (GB2762-2017) by 0.2mg/kg after the application of the inorganic fertilizer urea and the biochar.
From the results, the method provided by the invention realizes simultaneous and substantial reduction of arsenic and cadmium contents in the rice planted in the high-geological-arsenic and cadmium background area by using a continuous flooding water management measure and combining application of the pig manure organic fertilizer, so that the arsenic and cadmium contents are both lower than the limit values of the national safety standard, and the rice yield is remarkably improved.
The technical scope of the invention claimed by the embodiments of the present application is not exhaustive, and new technical solutions formed by equivalent replacement of single or multiple technical features in the technical solutions of the embodiments are also within the scope of the invention claimed by the present application; in all the embodiments of the present invention, which are listed or not listed, each parameter in the same embodiment only represents an example (i.e., a feasible embodiment) of the technical solution, and there is no strict matching and limiting relationship between the parameters, wherein the parameters may be replaced with each other without departing from the axiom and the requirements of the present invention, unless otherwise specified.
The technical means disclosed by the scheme of the invention are not limited to the technical means disclosed by the technical means, and the technical scheme also comprises the technical scheme formed by any combination of the technical characteristics. While the foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present invention, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made in the embodiments without departing from the principles of the invention, and that such changes and modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Various modifications or additions may be made to the described embodiments or alternatives may be employed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or ambit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. A method for reducing the content of arsenic and cadmium in rice is characterized by comprising the following steps: applying the pig manure organic fertilizer in the soil with the pH value of 5.5-6.5, directly performing continuous flooding treatment on the soil for 12-18 days, and then transplanting the rice in the seedling stage to the soil.
2. The method for reducing the content of arsenic and cadmium in rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein 1-3g of pig manure organic fertilizer is added per kilogram of soil.
3. The method for reducing the content of arsenic and cadmium in rice as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the pig manure organic fertilizer comprises the following elements: 15-20g/kg of nitrogen, 250g/kg of carbon 230-Si-O-S, 2-4g/kg of sulfur, 2-5g/kg of ferrum, 12-16mg/kg of arsenic and 0.3-0.5mg/kg of cadmium.
4. The method for reducing the content of arsenic and cadmium in rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the period from flooding treatment to rice harvesting is 90-100 days.
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| CN202210030084.8A CN114342756A (en) | 2022-01-12 | 2022-01-12 | Method for reducing arsenic and cadmium content in rice |
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2022
- 2022-01-12 CN CN202210030084.8A patent/CN114342756A/en active Pending
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| Title |
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