CN104956802A - Method for keeping crop trace element supply after farmland cadmium pollution passivation treatment - Google Patents
Method for keeping crop trace element supply after farmland cadmium pollution passivation treatment Download PDFInfo
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- CN104956802A CN104956802A CN201510399072.2A CN201510399072A CN104956802A CN 104956802 A CN104956802 A CN 104956802A CN 201510399072 A CN201510399072 A CN 201510399072A CN 104956802 A CN104956802 A CN 104956802A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for keeping crop trace element supply after farmland cadmium pollution passivation treatment. The method includes the steps of conducting passivation treatment on farmland cadmium pollution soil through wollastonite while keeping the water content of the farmland cadmium pollution soil at a farmland water-holding capacity level, after the passivation material wollastonite fails, measuring the effective-state trace element content level in soil where passivation material wollastonite fails, estimating the passivation degree of trace elements, grading the passivation degree according to the China agricultural soil trace element grading standard, calculating the supplementation amount of trace elements according to the trace element conventional apply level, and applying trace element fertilizer to the soil where the passivation material wollastonite fails in the form of a solution so that trace elements can be supplemented and the trace element supply in the soil can reach or exceed the normal soil level. By means of the method, crops planted on a passivated farmland can absorb trace elements at a normal level, and the crop yield and quality are ensured.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to farmland cadmium pollution and administer field, be specifically related to the method maintaining crop trace element supply after the cadmium pollution passivation of a kind of farmland is administered.
Background technology:
For the Cd-polluted farmland that China's area is wide, a feasible Treatment process scheme is heavy metal-polluted soil passivation (Yin Fei etc. 2015), adds passivating material exactly, heavy metal activity is significantly declined in soil, crop is difficult to absorb, thus produces qualified agricultural product.Farmland soil heavy metals passivating technique application prospect is boundless, it has many-sided advantage, one is do not affect agricultural production, can use in cultivation process, two is that cost is lower, and some passivating materials also have obvious the effect of increasing income, very easily apply, three is that application technology is simple, is easy to be accepted by peasant.
Add the absorption that passivator effectively can reduce crop heavy metal, but many trace elements are also (Yin Fei etc. 2015 by synchronous passivation as copper, zinc, iron, manganese, Tan 2009), crop is caused to decline to the absorptive amount of copper, zinc, iron, manganese, make plant growth slow, plant is short and small, and leaf Huang is withered, or biomass minimizing etc. (the beautiful Rong 2011 of model).Some material does not make crop yield obviously decline, but endotrophic element level significantly decreases, and the result comprising this test is also like this.For this problem, other people do not propose corresponding solution, reason one is that passivation effect itself is only absorbed in most research, take to avoid attitude to crop yield decline problem, give it up to causing the passivating material of production declining, and turn to the searching of other material, many papers about passivation even do not put forward the problem (Li Jian farsighted 2014) that crop yield declines, two is that most research is not comprehensively understood the reason that passivation causes crop yield to decline, so that cannot propose counter-measure.Thus, current to dispose for passivation the reply technology causing crop yield to decline, without relevant report or available patent.
Summary of the invention:
The object of this invention is to provide the method maintaining crop trace element supply after the cadmium pollution passivation of a kind of farmland is administered, utilize the method that the crops that passivation disposal farmland is planted can be made to absorb the trace element of normal level, guarantee Crops production and quality.
Farmland of the present invention cadmium pollution passivation maintains the method for crop trace element supply after administering, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
In maintenance farmland cadmium pollution soil water content under the condition of field capacity level, Passivation Treatment is carried out to farmland cadmium pollution soil applying silicon lime stone, now can realize effective passivation of soil heavy metal cadmium, after passivating material wollastonite lost efficacy; Measure the soil available micronutrient levels level after the inefficacy of this passivating material wollastonite again, assess micro-degree of passivation, and carry out classification (Xi Zhen nation 2008) according to Chinese agriculture soil trace element grade scale, again according to micro-conventional fertilizing standards, calculate the consumption of microelement-supplementing; Use in the soil after trace element fertilizer to this passivating material wollastonite inefficacy with aqueous solution, microelement-supplementing, makes the trace element supply in soil meet or exceed normal soil level.
Described after passivating material wollastonite lost efficacy, after general self-passivation disposes 1 week, passivating material self deterioration and lose further passivation usefulness, now just can obtain the soil after the inefficacy of passivating material wollastonite.
After generally using trace element fertilizer fertilizer, 3 days afterwards just can planting plants, the trace element supply now in soil meets or exceeds the level of normal soil, thus promotes plant growth.
Preferably, described trace element fertilizer supplements zinc and manganese with zinc sulphate and manganese sulphate, and the degree that other trace element is passivated is more weak, can not supplement.
Second object of the present invention be to provide a kind of improve farmland cadmium pollution passivation administer after the method for soil planting plants output, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
In maintenance farmland cadmium pollution soil water content under the condition of field capacity level, Passivation Treatment is carried out to farmland cadmium pollution soil applying silicon lime stone, after passivating material wollastonite lost efficacy; Measure the soil available micronutrient levels level after the inefficacy of this passivating material wollastonite again, assess micro-degree of passivation, and carry out classification according to Chinese agriculture soil trace element grade scale, then according to micro-conventional fertilizing standards, calculate the consumption of microelement-supplementing; Use in the soil after trace element fertilizer to this passivating material wollastonite inefficacy with aqueous solution, microelement-supplementing, make the trace element supply in soil meet or exceed normal soil level, then planting plants is on the soil of this microelement-supplementing.
The passivator that the present invention adopts is wollastonite, and theoretical chemistry composition is CaO 48.25%, SiO
251.75%, structural formula is Ca
3[Si
3o9], belong to a kind of chain metasilicate, wide material sources, cheap.Because silicate ion can form slightly solubility silicate precipitates with Cadmium in Soil ion, promote pH value, impel Cd fractionation to slightly solubility inertia Morphological Transitions, increase soil surface negative electrical charge, strengthen cadmium sorption, thus reduce the validity of Cadmium in Soil ion.Calcium ion simultaneously in wollastonite can play antagonism to during Crop cadmium ion, also has facilitation to plant growth.And cadmium pollution soil adds conventional passivator as sodium silicate, silicon potash fertilizer, lime etc., although effectively can reduce the validity of Cadmium in Soil, reducing plant absorption, often there is the situation of hardening in soil, and plant growth is slow, and spider is short and small.Therefore add wollastonite and effectively can reduce the absorption of crop to cadmium ion, do not affect soil original structure, Promoting plant growth simultaneously.Carry out Passivation Treatment to farmland cadmium pollution soil applying silicon lime stone, those skilled in the art can learn the consumption of wollastonite by routine test according to the content of cadmium in the cadmium pollution soil of farmland.
The addition of medium trace element copper of the present invention, zinc, iron, manganese is determined according to soil trace element grade scale [Chinese agriculture soil trace element grade scale carries out classification (Xi Zhen nation 2008)], apply to avoid very few interpolation not play effect by grade, or too much interpolation produces crop and poisons, and therefore has science.
Due to synchronous passivation can be produced to trace element such as copper, zinc, iron, manganese after passivator interpolation, although the absorption of crop to cadmium reduces, but the absorption of part trace element is also reduced, crop leaf is turned to be yellow, plant is short and small, photosynthetic rate reduces, and heavy metal resistance the problem such as to weaken and occurs.Therefore cadmium pollution soil will supplement corresponding trace element to maintain by soil trace element grade scale the nutrient levels done in object after adding passivator, improves the resistance to cadmium, Promoting plant growth in certain level.
Plough for heavy metal pollution and repair, when previous important technique direction utilizes heavy metal passivating material, make the heavy metal ineffective treatment in soil, thus make crops can not absorb or absorb heavy metal less, guarantee agricultural product quality and safety.But passivation is disposed and generally caused crop yield to decline, and we find, its main cause is the synchronous passivation that passivation result in crucial micronutrient element, the micronutrient of Crop is not enough.The present invention is directed to this problem, at heavy metal cadmium soil application passivating material, after making heavy metal passivation, balance 1 week again and make the ageing failure of passivating material own, use trace element fertilizer again, trace element amount of application according to the contents level after passivation disposal and standard, thus must realize the normal micro-level of supply of soil, ensures the normal growth of crop.The maximum innovation of the present invention finds that the reason that passivation causes plant growth bad is that soil trace element is by synchronous passivation, can after passivating material itself fail, artificial microelement-supplementing is in soil, thus correct plant growth obstacle, make the crops that passivation disposal farmland is planted can absorb the trace element of normal level, guarantee Crops production and quality.
Embodiment:
Following examples further illustrate of the present invention, instead of limitation of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
Soil in the present embodiment is the farmland soil by cadmium pollution for many years, and cadmium content is 5.9mg/kg.
One,
Collection Cd-polluted farmland soil, the air-dry rear sieve crossing 1cm, on the basis of conventional fertilizer application, Cd-polluted farmland soil and wollastonite fully mix according to the amount of 2g, 4g, 8g wollastonite/kg Cd-polluted farmland soil by the Cd-polluted farmland soil getting 3kg respectively, dress basin is 23cm in diameter, in the flowerpot of high 15cm, adds water and keeps conventional field capacity, fetch earth after balancing one week, measure the content of soil available Cd, zinc, manganese, copper.
Experimental result is as follows: with control group (CK, do not add the Cd-polluted farmland soil of wollastonite) compare, the process of W4 can reduce Cadmium in Soil bio-available Zn concentration 91% (table 1), highly effective, consider economic benefit, the amount of application that every kilogram of Cd-polluted farmland soil uses 4 grams of wollastonites is proper.Then according to effective trace elements graded index in table 2, determine that the fertility degree of ZINC IN SOIL, manganese, copper is respectively 4,2,5 grades.Then the amount of application of corresponding soil trace element is had according to table 3.Therefore, after every kilogram of soil uses 4 grams of wollastonites, supplementing of every mu of 2kg zinc and 4kg manganese should be carried out.
The content (mg/kg) of soil available Cd, zinc, manganese, copper under table 1, Different Silicon lime stone amount of application
CK is control group, and W2 is the process that every kilogram of Cd-polluted farmland soil uses 2 grams of wollastonites, and W4 is the process that every kilogram of Cd-polluted farmland soil uses 4 grams of wollastonites, and W8 is the process that every kilogram of Cd-polluted farmland soil uses 8 grams of wollastonites; Numeral in form is 4 mean values repeated, and letter representative identical after numeral does not have significant difference (P=0.05) by LSD inspection in same row
Table 2, effective trace elements graded index (mg/kg)
Table 3, soil trace element amount of application standard
Two,
Control group (CK): directly sow red amaranth on the farmland soil of cadmium pollution, carry out Routine Management.
Zn group: on the basis of conventional fertilizer application, uses every mu of 2kg zinc (applying with zinc sulfate solution form) at the farmland soil of cadmium pollution, then keeps conventional field capacity, sow red amaranth, carry out Routine Management after 3 days.
Mn group: on the basis of conventional fertilizer application, uses every mu of 4kg manganese (applying with manganese sulfate solution form) at the farmland soil of cadmium pollution, then keeps conventional field capacity, sow red amaranth, carry out Routine Management after 3 days.
Zn+Mn group: on the basis of conventional fertilizer application, every mu of 2kg zinc (applying with zinc sulfate solution form) and every mu of 4kg manganese (applying with manganese sulfate solution form) is used at the farmland soil of cadmium pollution, then conventional field capacity is kept, sow red amaranth after 3 days, carry out Routine Management.
W group: on the basis of conventional fertilizer application, is applied in Cd-polluted farmland soil by wollastonite by the amount of application of every mu of 744kg, cultivates after layer fully mixes, add water and keep conventional field capacity, after balancing one week, sow red amaranth, carry out Routine Management with 20cm.
W+Zn group: on the basis of conventional fertilizer application, wollastonite is applied in Cd-polluted farmland soil by the amount of application of every mu of 744kg, cultivate after layer fully mixes with 20cm, add water and keep conventional field capacity, after balancing one week, use every mu of 2kg zinc (applying with zinc sulfate solution form), keep conventional field capacity, sow red amaranth after 3 days, carry out Routine Management.
W+Mn group: on the basis of conventional fertilizer application, wollastonite is applied in Cd-polluted farmland soil by the amount of application of every mu of 744kg, cultivate after layer fully mixes with 20cm, add water and keep conventional field capacity, after balancing one week, use every mu of 4kg manganese (applying with manganese sulfate solution form), keep conventional field capacity, sow red amaranth after 3 days, carry out Routine Management.
W+Zn+Mn group: on the basis of conventional fertilizer application, wollastonite is applied in Cd-polluted farmland soil by the amount of application of every mu of 744kg, cultivate after layer fully mixes with 20cm, add water and keep conventional field capacity, after balancing one week, according to the measuring and calculating of above-mentioned steps one, use the supplementary of every mu of 2kg zinc (applying with zinc sulfate solution form) and 4kg manganese (applying with manganese sulfate solution form).Then keep conventional field capacity, after 3 days, sow red amaranth, carry out Routine Management.
Experimental result is as follows:
Compared with control group, apply separately the red amaranth gross dry weight of wollastonite (W) and increase by 36%, total fresh weight increases by 25%.Use the combination (W+Zn+Mn) of zinc and manganese after applying wollastonite again, red amaranth gross dry weight can increase by 171%, and total fresh weight increases by 135% (table 4).
For the content of cadmium in red amaranth body, compared with control group, apply separately wollastonite (W) root cadmium content and decline 58%, stem declines 70%, and leaf subordinate falls 71%.Apply the combination (W+Zn+Mn) of wollastonite, zinc and manganese, root cadmium content declines 81%, and stem declines 83%, and 83% (table 5) falls in leaf subordinate.
For Zn content in red amaranth body, compared with control group, apply separately wollastonite (W) root Zn content and decline 61%, stem declines 76%, and leaf subordinate falls 70%.Apply the combination (W+Zn+Mn) of wollastonite, zinc and manganese, root Zn content declines 31%, and stem declines 57%, and leaf portion increases by 3% (table 5).
For Fe content in red amaranth body, compared with control group, apply separately wollastonite (W) root Fe content and decline 62%, stem declines 80%, and leaf subordinate falls 88%.Apply the combination (W+Zn+Mn) of wollastonite, zinc and manganese, root Fe content increases by 24%, and stem maintains an equal level, and leaf portion increases by 28% (table 5).
Major part experiment shows, although apply alkaline passivation agent significantly can reduce the absorption of crop to cadmium on higher amount of application, can cause harden to soil, produce inhibition and murder by poisoning to plant growth.The passivator that this experiment adopts is wollastonite, can reduce and make cadmium content more than 50% in object, and have certain promotion to plant growth.Because alkaline passivation agent is to the synchronous passivation of part trace element, need according to soil demand microelement-supplementing.After applying wollastonite, supplement zinc and manganese again, crop can reduce the absorption to cadmium further, and the amplitude that reduces arrives 80%, and the absorption of crop to trace element can be made to return to previous level, and crop is significantly increased production, and units increased in production can to more than 2 times.But apply zinc and manganese separately under the prerequisite not applying wollastonite, or make to do significantly to rise to the absorption of zinc and manganese in object, produce and poison, biomass reduces.Therefore, Shi Weifei to be joined in strict accordance with the fertility standard of soil trace element after passivation, just can obtain the two effects significantly increasing production and reduce Cd uptake.
Table 4: the lower crop yield (kg/ mu, crop is red amaranth) of each process
CK is control group, Zn is that zinc sulphate adds process separately, Mn is that manganese sulphate adds process separately, Zn+Mn is that process is added in zinc sulphate and manganese sulphate combination, W is that wollastonite adds process separately, W+Zn is that process is added in wollastonite and zinc sulphate combination, and W+Mn is that process is added in wollastonite and manganese sulphate combination, and W+Zn+Mn is that process is added in the combination of wollastonite, zinc sulphate and manganese sulphate; Numeral in form is 4 mean values repeated, and letter representative identical after numeral does not have significant difference (P=0.05) by LSD inspection in same row
Table 5, each process lower crop cadmium, zinc, Fe content (mg/kg, dry weight)
Numeral in form is 4 mean values repeated, and letter representative identical after numeral does not have significant difference (P=0.05) by LSD inspection in same row
Three,
Complete in plant growth, after results, (80 days) gather Rhizosphere Soil and the Non-rhizosphere soil of each process respectively, extract available Cd, zinc, manganese, measure content.
Experimental result is as follows: compared with control group, applies separately available Cd content in wollastonite (W) Rhizosphere Soil and declines 78%, decline 78% in Non-rhizosphere soil.Apply the combination (W+Zn+Mn) of wollastonite, zinc and manganese, in Rhizosphere Soil, available Cd content declines 77%, Non-rhizosphere soil decline 44% (table 7).
For zinc and manganese, apply separately Available zinc content in wollastonite (W) Non-rhizosphere soil and decline 51%, manganese declines 54%.But use the combination (W+Zn+Mn) of zinc and manganese after applying wollastonite again, in Non-rhizosphere soil, Available zinc content increases by 138%, and manganese increases by 74% (table 7).
Result shows, applies separately wollastonite and soil available Cd, zinc, Fe content can be made all to have dropped, can not meet the needs of crop normal growth.And after applying wollastonite, use the combination of zinc and manganese again, not only make soil available Cd have dropped, and make Trace Elements in Soil content be maintained to higher and don't crop be produced to the level of poisoning.
Table 7, respectively process soil available Cd, zinc, Fe content (mg/kg)
Numeral in form is 4 mean values repeated, and letter representative identical after numeral does not have significant difference (P=0.05) by LSD inspection in same row.
Claims (6)
1. cadmium pollution passivation in farmland maintains a method for crop trace element supply after administering, and it is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
In maintenance farmland cadmium pollution soil water content under the condition of field capacity level, Passivation Treatment is carried out to farmland cadmium pollution soil applying silicon lime stone, after passivating material wollastonite lost efficacy; Measure the soil available micronutrient levels level after the inefficacy of this passivating material wollastonite again, assess micro-degree of passivation, and carry out classification according to Chinese agriculture soil trace element grade scale, then according to micro-conventional fertilizing standards, calculate the consumption of microelement-supplementing; Use in the soil after trace element fertilizer to this passivating material wollastonite inefficacy with aqueous solution, microelement-supplementing, makes the trace element supply in soil meet or exceed normal soil level.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described be self-passivation process after 1 week after passivating material wollastonite lost efficacy, obtain passivating material wollastonite lost efficacy after soil.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described trace element fertilizer supplements zinc and manganese with zinc sulphate and manganese sulphate.
4. one kind improve farmland cadmium pollution passivation administer after the method for soil planting plants output, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps: in maintenance farmland cadmium pollution soil water content under the condition of field capacity level, Passivation Treatment is carried out to farmland cadmium pollution soil applying silicon lime stone, after passivating material wollastonite lost efficacy; Measure the soil available micronutrient levels level after the inefficacy of this passivating material wollastonite again, assess micro-degree of passivation, and carry out classification according to Chinese agriculture soil trace element grade scale, then according to micro-conventional fertilizing standards, calculate the consumption of microelement-supplementing; Use in the soil after trace element fertilizer to this passivating material wollastonite inefficacy with aqueous solution, microelement-supplementing, make the trace element supply in soil meet or exceed normal soil level, then planting plants is on the soil of this microelement-supplementing.
5. method according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described be self-passivation process after 1 week after passivating material wollastonite lost efficacy, obtain passivating material wollastonite lost efficacy after soil.
6. method according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described trace element fertilizer supplements zinc and manganese with zinc sulphate and manganese sulphate.
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