CN105612409A - 流量传感器 - Google Patents

流量传感器 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105612409A
CN105612409A CN201480055349.3A CN201480055349A CN105612409A CN 105612409 A CN105612409 A CN 105612409A CN 201480055349 A CN201480055349 A CN 201480055349A CN 105612409 A CN105612409 A CN 105612409A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
mentioned
housing
cover
protuberance
flow
Prior art date
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Granted
Application number
CN201480055349.3A
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English (en)
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CN105612409B (zh
Inventor
荒井聪
角田重晴
田代忍
上乃段晓
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Hitachi Astemo Ltd
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Hitachi Automotive Systems Ltd
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Publication of CN105612409A publication Critical patent/CN105612409A/zh
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01FMEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/68Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using thermal effects
    • G01F1/684Structural arrangements; Mounting of elements, e.g. in relation to fluid flow
    • G01F1/6847Structural arrangements; Mounting of elements, e.g. in relation to fluid flow where sensing or heating elements are not disturbing the fluid flow, e.g. elements mounted outside the flow duct
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16Laser beams
    • B29C65/1603Laser beams characterised by the type of electromagnetic radiation
    • B29C65/1612Infrared [IR] radiation, e.g. by infrared lasers
    • B29C65/1616Near infrared radiation [NIR], e.g. by YAG lasers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1635Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface at least passing through one of the parts to be joined, i.e. laser transmission welding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1654Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/1661Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined scanning repeatedly, e.g. quasi-simultaneous laser welding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7802Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring
    • B29C65/782Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring by setting the gap between the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/7823Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring by setting the gap between the parts to be joined by using distance pieces, i.e. by using spacers positioned between the parts to be joined and forming a part of the joint
    • B29C65/7829Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring by setting the gap between the parts to be joined by using distance pieces, i.e. by using spacers positioned between the parts to be joined and forming a part of the joint said distance pieces being integral with at least one of the parts to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112Single lapped joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/114Single butt joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/24Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight
    • B29C66/242Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being closed, i.e. forming closed contours
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/24Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight
    • B29C66/244Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being non-straight, e.g. forming non-closed contours
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/32Measures for keeping the burr form under control; Avoiding burr formation; Shaping the burr
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/534Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars
    • B29C66/5346Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially flat
    • B29C66/53461Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially flat joining substantially flat covers and/or substantially flat bottoms to open ends of container bodies
    • B29C66/53462Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially flat joining substantially flat covers and/or substantially flat bottoms to open ends of container bodies joining substantially flat covers and substantially flat bottoms to open ends of container bodies
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/731General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7316Surface properties
    • B29C66/73161Roughness or rugosity
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01FMEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/68Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using thermal effects
    • G01F1/684Structural arrangements; Mounting of elements, e.g. in relation to fluid flow
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01FMEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/68Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using thermal effects
    • G01F1/684Structural arrangements; Mounting of elements, e.g. in relation to fluid flow
    • G01F1/6842Structural arrangements; Mounting of elements, e.g. in relation to fluid flow with means for influencing the fluid flow
    • GPHYSICS
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    • G01FMEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/68Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using thermal effects
    • G01F1/684Structural arrangements; Mounting of elements, e.g. in relation to fluid flow
    • G01F1/6845Micromachined devices
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01FMEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F5/00Measuring a proportion of the volume flow
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/06Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using friction, e.g. spin welding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16Laser beams
    • B29C65/1677Laser beams making use of an absorber or impact modifier
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/65General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles with a relative motion between the article and the welding tool
    • B29C66/652General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles with a relative motion between the article and the welding tool moving the welding tool around the fixed article
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/731General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7311Thermal properties
    • B29C66/73117Tg, i.e. glass transition temperature
    • B29C66/73118Tg, i.e. glass transition temperature of different glass transition temperature, i.e. the glass transition temperature of one of the parts to be joined being different from the glass transition temperature of the other part
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7377General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined amorphous, semi-crystalline or crystalline
    • B29C66/73771General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined amorphous, semi-crystalline or crystalline the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being amorphous
    • B29C66/73772General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined amorphous, semi-crystalline or crystalline the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being amorphous the to-be-joined areas of both parts to be joined being amorphous
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    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
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Abstract

流量传感器具备:壳体,其由树脂材料形成,具有基底部和侧壁,至少一面侧敞开;罩,其由树脂材料形成,覆盖壳体的一面侧,与壳体的侧壁的上表面熔敷,通过壳体的基底部和侧壁而形成从主通道收进的被测量气体所流动的副通道;以及流量检测部,其配置于副通道内,至少在流量检测部的周围的侧壁的附近,在壳体或者罩的一方设置用于抑制熔敷时的罩的下沉的高度控制用凸部。

Description

流量传感器
技术领域
本发明涉及流量传感器,更详细而言,涉及具备对壳体和罩进行熔敷而构成的外壳的流量传感器。
背景技术
作为测量气体的流量的流量传感器,公知有具备用于测量流量的流量检测部的流量传感器。流量传感器构成为,通过在流量检测部与作为测量对象的被测量气体之间进行热传递,测量气体的流量。流量传感器测量的流量作为各种装置的重要的控制参数而广泛使用。热式流量传感器公知有与其他的方式的流量传感器相比能够以相对较高的精度测量气体的流量的流量传感器,但是,近年来,期望进一步提高气体流量的测量精度。例如,在安装了内燃机的车辆中,省油耗的期望、废气净化的期望较高。为了应对该期望,要求以较高的精度测量作为内燃机的主要参数的吸入空气量。
测量导入内燃机的吸入空气量的流量传感器具备收进吸入空气量的一部分的副通道和配置于副通道的流量检测部。流量检测部通过在与被测量气体之间进行热传递,测量在副通道流动的被测量气体的状态,从而输出表示导入内燃机的吸入空气量的电信号(例如,参照专利文献1)。
在流量传感器的外壳设置有从导入内燃机的主通道收进被测定气体的入口、和将从入口经由副通道而引导到流量检测部的被测定气体向主通道排出的出口(参照专利文献1)。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本国特开2011-252796号公报
发明内容
发明所要解决的课题
虽然专利文献1并未记载,但通常收纳流量检测部的外壳利用粘合剂将壳体和罩粘合而构成。在壳体的与罩之间形成有用于形成入口、出口以及副通道的侧壁。在外壳的内部安装有控制流量检测部等各种电子部件,为了防止布线部等的短路、腐蚀等,需要做成密封构造。因此,壳体和罩使用多个粘合剂来封装以及固定。作为粘合剂,有各种固化形态的粘合剂,但若考虑使用于汽车等这样的可靠性,则主要使用热固化型粘合剂。然而,在使用热固化型粘合剂的情况下,加热固化需要时间,生产性较差。另外,因为封装使用大量的粘合剂,所以成本变高。并且,由于粘合剂的溢出的控制等而需要不必要的面积,限制了设计的自由度,并且,封装电子部件所需要的粘合剂的量的控制较困难。
用于解决课题的方法
根据本发明的第一方式,流量传感器具备:壳体,其由树脂材料形成,具有基底部和侧壁,至少一面侧敞开;罩,其由树脂材料形成,覆盖壳体的一面侧,与壳体的侧壁的上表面熔敷,通过壳体的基底部和侧壁而形成从主通道收进的被测量气体所流动的副通道;以及流量检测部,其配置于副通道内,至少在流量检测部的周围的侧壁的附近,在壳体或者罩的一方设置用于抑制熔敷时的罩的下沉的高度控制用凸部。
发明的效果
根据本发明,通过熔敷来接合壳体和罩,所以能够减少利用粘合剂的情况下的固化时间、粘合剂的使用成本。另外,不需要进行粘合剂的溢出面积的研究、粘合剂的量的控制,能够实现接合的效率化以及低成本化。另外,因为在侧壁的附近设置了用于抑制熔敷时的壳体或者罩的下沉的高度控制用凸部,所以能够减小流量检测的偏差。
附图说明
图1是表示内燃机控制系统使用了本发明的流量传感器的情况下的一实施方式的系统构成图。
图2是表示流量传感器的外观的图,图2(A)是左视图,图2(B)是主视图。
图3是表示流量传感器的外观的图,图3(A)是右视图,图3(B)是后视图。
图4是表示流量传感器的拆下了罩的状态的壳体的图,图4(A)是壳体的左视图,图4(B)是壳体的主视图。
图5是表示流量传感器的拆下了罩的状态的壳体的图,图5(A)是壳体的右视图,图5(B)是壳体的后视图。
图6是图4(B)的VI-VI线放大剖视图。
图7是表示正面罩的外观的图,图7(A)是左视图,图7(B)是主视图,图7(C)是俯视图。
图8是表示背面罩的外观的图,图8(A)是左视图,图8(B)是主视图,图8(C)是俯视图。
图9是表示图4(B)的IX-IX线剖面的一部分的剖视图。
图10是用于说明对正面罩和壳体进行激光熔敷的熔敷部以及高度控制用凸部的配置构造的俯视图。
图11是图10的XIA-XIB线剖视图,图11(A)是激光熔敷前的剖视图,图11(B)是激光熔敷后的剖视图。
图12是本发明的实施方式2,是表示高度控制用凸部的配置构造的俯视图。
图13是本发明的实施方式3,是表示高度控制用凸部的配置构造的俯视图。
图14是本发明的实施方式4,是表示高度控制用凸部的配置构造的俯视图。
图15是本发明的实施方式5,是表示高度控制用凸部的配置构造的俯视图。
图16是本发明的实施方式6,是表示壳体背面侧的高度控制用凸部的配置构造的俯视图。
图17是表示本发明的实施方式7,并涉及壳体和正面罩的激光熔敷的图,(A)是熔敷前的剖视图,(B)是熔敷后的剖视图。
图18是表示本发明的实施方式8,并涉及壳体和正面罩的激光熔敷的图,(A)是熔敷前的剖视图,(B)是熔敷后的剖视图。
图19是本发明的实施方式9,是壳体和正面罩的激光熔敷后的剖视图。
图20是本发明的实施方式10,是壳体和正面罩的激光熔敷后的剖视图。
图21是本发明的实施方式11,是用于说明设置于正面罩的激光熔敷部以外的部分的微小的凹凸的俯视图。
图22是本发明的实施方式12,是壳体和正面罩的激光熔敷后的剖视图。
具体实施方式
以下说明的具体实施方式解决了作为实际的产品所期望的各种课题,尤其解决了用作测量车辆的吸入空气量的测量装置而优选的各种课题,并起到各种效果。在以下的实施方式中,即使图号不同,相同的参照符号也表示相同的结构,实现相同的作用效果。对于已经说明完毕的结构,存在仅在图中标注参照符号并省略说明的情况。
实施方式1
<内燃机控制系统使用了本发明的流量传感器的一实施方式>
图1是表示电子燃料喷射方式的内燃机控制系统使用了本发明的流量传感器的一实施方式的系统图。根据具备发动机缸112和发动机活塞114的内燃机110的动作,吸入空气作为被测量气体30而从空气净化器122被吸入,经由作为主通道124的例如进气门体、节气门体126、进气歧管128而导入发动机缸112的燃烧室。作为导入燃烧室的吸入空气的被测量气体30的流量由本发明的流量传感器300进行测量。基于测量出的流量,从燃料喷射阀152供给燃料,与作为吸入空气的被测量气体30一起以混合气的状态导入燃烧室。流量传感器300典型来说是通过在与被测量气体之间进行热传递来测量在副通道流动的被测量气体的状态的热式流量传感器。
此外,在本实施方式中,燃料喷射阀152设置于内燃机的进气口,喷射至进气口的燃料与作为吸入空气的被测量气体30一起形成混合气。混合气经由进气门116而导入燃烧室,燃烧而产生机械能。
近年来,在许多的车中,作为排气净化、耗油率提高优异的方式,采用了如下方式,在内燃机的气缸盖安装燃料喷射阀152,将燃料从燃料喷射阀152直接喷射至各燃烧室。本发明的流量传感器300不仅使用于将燃料喷射至图1所示的内燃机的进气口的方式,也能够相同地使用于将燃料直接喷射至各燃烧室的方式。对于两种方式而言,包含流量传感器300的使用方法在内的控制参数的测量方法以及包含燃料供给量、点火时期在内的内燃机的控制方法的基本概念均大致相同,作为两种方式的代表例,在图1示出将燃料喷射至进气口的方式。
导入燃烧室的燃料以及空气成为燃料与空气的混合状态,通过点火塞154的火花点火而爆炸性地燃烧,并产生机械能。燃烧后的气体从排气阀118导入排气管,作为排气24从排气管排出到车外。作为导入燃烧室的吸入空气的被测量气体30的流量被其开度基于加速踏板的操作变化的节流阀132控制。基于导入燃烧室的吸入空气的流量对燃料供给量进行控制。驾驶员控制节流阀132的开度来控制导入燃烧室的吸入空气的流量,从而能够控制内燃机产生的机械能。
作为从空气净化器122收进且在主通道124流动的吸入空气的被测量气体30的流量以及温度由流量传感器300进行测量。表示吸入空气的流量以及温度的电信号从流量传感器300输入至控制装置200。另外,测量节流阀132的开度的节流阀角度传感器144的输出被输入至控制装置200。并且,内燃机的发动机活塞114、进气门116、排气阀118的位置、状态输入至控制装置200,并且为了测量内燃机的旋转速度,旋转角度传感器146的输出被输入至控制装置200。为了从排气24的状态测量燃料量与空气量的混合比的状态,氧气传感器148的输出被输入至控制装置200。
控制装置200基于流量传感器300的输出即吸入空气的流量、以及根据旋转角度传感器146的输出测量出的内燃机的旋转速度,对燃料喷射量、点火时期进行运算。基于这些运算结果,对从燃料喷射阀152供给的燃料量、另外控制了由点火塞154点火的点火时期进行控制。燃料供给量、点火时期实际上还基于由流量传感器300测量出的进气温度、节流阀角度的变化状态、发动机旋转速度的变化状态、由氧传感器148测量出的空燃比的状态来极细地进行控制。控制装置200还在内燃机的怠速运转状态中通过怠速空气控制阀156来控制旁通节流阀132的空气量,控制怠速运转状态下的内燃机的旋转速度。
<流量传感器300的整体构成>
图2以及图3是表示流量传感器300的外观的图,图2(A)是流量传感器300的左视图,图2(B)是主视图,图3(A)是右视图,图3(B)是后视图。
流量传感器300具备由壳体302、正面罩303、以及背面罩304构成的外壳301。壳体302和正面罩303、以及壳体302和背面罩304通过激光照射而熔敷。熔敷所涉及的构造以及方法将在后面描述。壳体302具备:用于将流量传感器300固定在作为主通道124的进气门体的凸缘312;具有用于进行与外部设备的电连接的外部端子的外部连接部305;以及用于测量流量等的测量部310。
在测量部310的内部设置有用于形成副通道的副通道槽。并且,在测量部310的内部设置有电路封装体400(参照图4(B)等),该电路封装体400具备用于测量在主通道124流动的被测量气体30的流量的流量检测部436(参照图4(B)等)、用于测量在主通道124流动的被测量气体30的温度的温度检测部452(参照图4(B)等)。
流量传感器300的测量部310呈从凸缘312朝向主通道124的中心方向较长地延伸的形状。在测量部310的前端部设置有用于将吸入空气等被测量气体30的一部分收进到副通道的入口350、和用于使被测量气体30从副通道返回到主通道124的出口352。测量部310呈沿从主通道124的外壁朝向中央的轴较长地延伸的形状,但如图2(A)以及图3(A)所记载那样,宽度呈狭窄的形状。即,流量传感器300的测量部310呈侧面的宽度薄且正面大致长方形的形状。由此,流量传感器300能够具备足够长度的副通道,对于被测量气体30,能够将流体阻力抑制为较小的值。
流量传感器300的入口350设置于从凸缘312朝向主通道124的中心方向延伸的测量部310的前端侧,所以不是将在主通道124的内壁面附近流动的气体收进到副通道,而能够将在接近远离内壁面的中央部的部分流动的气体收进到副通道。因此,流量传感器300能够测定远离主通道124的内壁面的部分的气体的流量、温度,能够抑制由于热等的影响而造成的测量精度的降低。在主通道124的内壁面附近中,容易受到主通道124的温度的影响,成为被测量气体30的温度与气体的本来的温度不同的状态,与主通道124内的主气体的平均状态不同。尤其在主通道124是发动机的进气门体的情况下,受到来自发动机的热的影响,维持在高温的情况较多。因此,主通道124的内壁面附近的气体相对于在主通道124内流动的气体的本来的气温较高的情况较多,成为使测量精度降低的重要因素。
在主通道124的内壁面附近中,流体阻力较大,与主通道124的平均流速相比,流速变慢。因此,若将主通道124的内壁面附近的气体作为被测量气体30收进到副通道,则测量流速相对于主通道124内的平均流速的降低有可能导致测量误差。在图2以及图3所示的流量传感器300中,在从凸缘312朝向主通道124的中央延伸的薄且长的测量部310的前端部设置有入口350,所以能够减少与主通道124的内壁面附近的流速降低相关的测量误差。另外,在图2以及图3所示的流量传感器300中,不仅在从凸缘312朝向主通道124的中央延伸的测量部310的前端部设置有入口350,副通道的出口352也设置于测量部310的前端部,所以能够进一步减少测量误差。
(壳体302的构造)
图4以及图5示出从热式的流量传感器300取下了正面罩303以及背面罩304的壳体302的状态。图4(A)是壳体302的左视图,图4(B)是壳体302的主视图,图5(A)是壳体302的右视图,图5(B)是壳体302的后视图。
壳体302形成测量部310从凸缘312向主通道124的中心方向延伸的构造,在其前端侧设置有用于形成副通道的副通道槽306、307。在副通道槽306的前端形成有用于形成副通道的入口350的入口槽351,在副通道槽307的前端形成有用于形成副通道的出口352的出口槽353。因为入口槽351设置于壳体302的前端部,所以能够将远离主通道124的内壁面的部分的气体、换言之在接近主通道124的中央部分的部分流动的气体作为被测量气体30从入口350收进。
在壳体302的厚度方向的中间部中的测量部310形成有基底部311,在基底部311的上表面侧形成有正面侧副通道外侧壁391、正面侧副通道内侧壁392以及正面侧上部侧壁393(参照图4(B))。通过正面侧副通道外侧壁391以及正面侧副通道内侧壁392和正面罩303,形成被测量气体30的出口槽353、和将被测量气体30排出到主通道124的副通道槽306。另外,在基底部311的背面侧形成有背面侧副通道外侧壁394、背面侧副通道内侧壁395以及背面侧上部侧壁396(参照图5(B))。通过背面侧副通道外侧壁394以及背面侧副通道内侧壁395和背面罩304,形成将被测量气体30从主通道124收进的入口槽351、和将被测量气体30从入口槽351引导到流量检测部436的副通道槽307。正面侧副通道外侧壁391和背面侧副通道外侧壁394具有漩涡状的弯曲部,对被测量气体30进行引导。
在流量检测部436包含有流量检测元件602(参照图9),流量检测部436以及温度检测部452作为电路封装体400通过嵌入成型与壳体302一体化。电路封装体400在与壳体302一体化之前,预先利用树脂进行一次模塑成形。对一次模塑成形的电路封装体400的构造进行说明。
(电路封装体400的构造)
图9是表示图4(B)的IX-IX线剖面的一部分的图。
由半导体元件构成的流量检测元件602是如下元件,在与从主通道124收进而流动于副通道的被测量气体30之间进行热传递,由此测量被测量气体30的流量。
在测量被测量气体30的流量的流量检测元件602,以在流量检测元件的流量检测区域(热传递面)437形成有隔板的方式,在背面形成有空隙674。在隔板672的表面设置有用于与被测量气体30进行热交换并由此测量流量的元件。
这里,与被测量气体30的热交换不同,若经由隔板672来在元件间传递热,则难以正确地测量流量。因此,隔板672需要增大热阻力,隔板672尽量较薄地制成。
另外,电路封装体400在相当于导线的第二板536配置有用于形成连通通道的第一板532。在第一板532安装有芯片状的流量检测元件602以及制成为LSI的处理部604。流量检测元件602的各端子和处理部604经由铝衬垫通过线542电连接。并且,处理部604经由铝衬垫通过线543与第二板536连接。并且,在第二板536设置有用于与端子连接部320(参照图4(B))电连接的多个连接端子412。通过这样的构成,连接端子412成为经由处理部604与流量检测元件602电连接的构造。
流量检测元件602以隔板672的热传递面437露出的方式埋设固定于通过第一树脂模塑工序成形的电路封装体400的第一树脂。在隔板672的表面设置有未图示的电阻等元件。该元件经由元件表面的热传递面437而与被测量气体30相互进行热传递。
为了形成使空隙674与外部通气的通气通道676,而由第一树脂模塑工序所使用的热固化性树脂覆盖流量检测元件602的隔板672的周围的区域(即,流量检测元件602的设置有上述元件的部分的周围)、侧面整周、以及背面。
隔板672为了抑制各元件间的热传递而制作得非常薄,通过在流量检测元件602的背面将空隙674成形而实现薄壁化。若封闭该空隙674,则由于温度变化,形成于隔板672的背面的空隙674的压力根据温度变化。若空隙674与隔板672的表面的压力差变大,则隔板672承受压力而产生形变,难以进行高精度的测量。因此,在板532设置有与外部开口的开口438连接的孔520、与空隙674连通的孔521、经由孔520、521连接空隙674和外部的通气通道676。
在板532上设置有流量检测元件602以及作为处理部604动作的LSI。在它们的下侧设置有用于支承安装了流量检测元件602以及处理部604的板532的引线架536。因此,通过利用该引线架536,构造变得更简单。
壳体302中的电路封装体400的周围为空洞部382。如图4(B)所图示那样,电路封装体400通过形成于电路封装体400的正面、背面侧的壳体302的固定部376固定。固定部376形成为比各侧壁391~396的高度低。电路封装体400的被固定部376覆盖的部分以外的部分在空洞部382露出。在空洞部382露出的电路封装体400的面积大于固定部376的面积。由此,电路封装体400难以受到经由固定部376传递的壳体302的热的影响。
在壳体302的流量检测部436的附近、固定部376的一侧端形成有比各侧壁391~396的高度低的狭缝372。狭缝372用于连接形成于电路封装体400的开口438(参照图9)和流量检测部436,使被测量气体30通气。
(与外部的连接构造)
在将电路封装体400嵌入成型到壳体302的二次模塑成形时,端子连接部320与壳体302一体成形。电路封装体400的连接端子412和外部连接部305的外部端子内端361在二次模塑成形后,通过熔接、焊接等来接合布线。
在该一实施方式中,在壳体302设置有用于形成副通道的副通道槽306、307。构成为通过将正面、背面罩303、304配置在壳体302的表面以及背面,在配置于副通道槽306、307的附近的各侧壁391~396的上表面通过激光对正面罩303以及背面罩304进行熔敷从而副通道完成。另外,通过在壳体302的两面设置正面罩303和背面罩304,从而能够使壳体302的两面的副通道完成。
壳体302的各侧壁391~396通过激光照射与正面、背面罩303、304熔敷,但狭缝372不被熔敷,成为与正面罩303的背面隔着0.1mm左右的缝隙的状态。
此外,在图4(B)中,在狭缝372的中央部、和电路封装体400的下端部与正面侧副通道内侧壁392的上端部之间的两处位置图示出高度控制用凸部450,但如后述那样,高度控制用凸部450也能够形成在正面、背面罩303、304。高度控制用凸部450将在后面描述。
图6是图4(B)的VI-VI线放大剖视图,是表示电路封装体400的测量用流路面430配置于副通道槽的内部的状态的局部放大图。
图6的左部分是背面侧的副通道槽307的终端部,右侧部分是正面侧的副通道槽306的始端部分。
如上所述,电路封装体400的周围为空洞部382。从入口350收进且在背面侧的副通道槽307流动的被测量气体30从图6的左侧被导入。被测量气体30的一部分经由电路封装体400的空洞部382的上游侧在电路封装体400的测量用流路面430的表面与设置于正面罩303的节流部356之间的上部侧流路流动。另外,剩余的被测量气体30在电路封装体400的与测量用流路面430相反的一侧的面与背面罩304之间的下部侧流路的一方流动。被测量气体30中所包含的质量较小的空气的一部分在测量用流路面430的表面与正面罩303的节流部356之间的上部侧流路流动。质量较大的异物由于惯性力而难以进行急剧的进路变更,所以在与测量用流路面430相反的一侧的面与背面罩304之间的下部侧流路流动。
在上、下部侧流路流动的被测量气体30经由电路封装体400的空洞部382的下游侧移向正面侧的副通道槽306的一方,在正面侧的副通道槽306流动,从出口352排出到主通道124。经由狭缝372在电路封装体400的开口438与流量检测部436之间流通的被测量气体30也在空洞部382的下游侧中合流,在正面侧的副通道槽306流动,从出口352排出到主通道124。
(正面罩303和背面罩304的构造)
图7是表示正面罩的外观的图,图7(A)是左视图,图7(B)是主视图,图7(C)是俯视图。另外,图8是表示背面罩的外观的图,图8(A)是左视图,图8(B)是主视图,图8(C)是俯视图。
在图2以及图3中,正面罩303以及背面罩304封闭壳体302的副通道槽306、307,从而形成副通道。另外,在正面罩303上,在由正面侧副通道外侧壁391和正面侧副通道内侧壁392夹持的部分的与电路封装体400相对的位置设置有节流部356。节流部356具有上部侧流路的节流的功能,具有成为与流路的上游侧对置的一侧比与流路的下游侧对置的一侧稍缓的倾斜面的三角形状。节流部356通过这种形状减少产生于被测量气体30的漩涡,发挥使层流产生的作用。
另外,在正面罩303内侧面与节流部356相邻地形成有突起部380,在背面罩304形成有突起部381,在与壳体302的熔敷时,掩埋电路封装体400的前端侧的空洞部382的缝隙,同时覆盖电路封装体400的前端部。
在正面罩303以及背面罩304成形有保护部322。如图2、图3所示,在朝向被测量气体30的温度检测部452的入口343的正面侧侧面配置有设置于正面罩303的正面侧的保护部322,另外,在入口343的背面侧侧面配置有设置于背面罩304的背面侧的保护部322。保护部322在生产中以及搬运时防止温度检测部452由于与其他的部件接触、碰撞等而受到机械损伤。
另外,在正面罩303以及背面罩304设置有用于激光熔敷时的初始的对位的插入孔326。以该插入孔326为基准,设置在图4(B)以及图5(B)所示的形成于壳体302的突出销324,由此进行初始的对位。
<罩与壳体的熔敷>
本发明的流量传感器300的主要特征之一在于通过激光照射对壳体302和正面罩303、以及壳体302和背面罩304进行熔敷来构成外壳301的点。
以下,对通过激光照射对壳体302和正面罩303、以及壳体302和背面罩304进行熔敷的方法进行说明。
壳体302、正面罩303、背面罩304例如使用耐热性高的结晶性树脂、即聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)、聚苯硫醚(PPS)、聚酰胺6(PA6)、聚酰胺66(PA66)、聚酰胺6T(PA6T)、聚酰胺9T(PA9T)作为主材料。
激光熔敷是如下方法,在使透光树脂和光吸收树脂重叠的状态下经由透光树脂向接合部进行激光照射使光吸收树脂熔融,并且熔融到透光树脂,将相互的树脂彼此接合。对于激光熔敷所使用的光源而言,包含半导体激光、YAG激光、光纤激光在内的具有800nm~1100nm的红外区域的波长的激光在成本方面有效,但根据树脂的吸收,也可以使用具有其他波长的激光。
另外,激光源的强度分布根据附带的透镜的不同而能够为高斯型、平顶型、环型等各种强度分布,但使用平顶型、环型的一方能够均匀地熔敷。在激光照射时,也可以利用工作台使激光源或产品物理上移动并熔敷,也可以使用电流镜控制激光自身并进行照射。
首先,对激光熔敷的概要进行说明。
首先,将壳体302设置在规定的位置,在壳体302上形成的突出销324上,以形成于罩303、304的插入孔326为基准,进行对位的调整,将罩303、304高精度地配置在壳体上。之后,以罩303、304紧贴在壳体302的方式,利用玻璃、丙烯酸树脂等透明的加压材料对罩303、304进行加压。加压力优选为0.1MPa以上。在该状态下,进行激光照射来进行激光熔敷。
因为流量传感器300的壳体302的构造如上述那样复杂,所以弯曲比较大,结果,即使对罩303、304进行加压,一部分的熔敷位置的缝隙也变大。作为其对策,发现了在各位置以不同的激光速度或不同的功率多次照射,使罩303、304的熔敷位置下沉,由此能够进行均匀的激光熔敷。
本发明的流量传感器300的激光熔敷部390(参照图10)的长度大到20cm以上。因此,即使材料例如是导热率较低的热塑性树脂,也认为在对某位置进行激光照射的期间其他的远离的熔敷部分也不下沉。但是,实际上,例如在10s以内熔敷20cm的情况下,不仅激光照射的部分,甚至其他的部分也包含在内,正面、背面罩303、304整体下沉。并且,下沉量按照每个样本不同。由此,产生流量传感器300的特性分散这样的新的课题。
因此,调查了对特性变化造成影响的正面、背面罩303、304的下沉的敏感度的结果,可知尤其流量检测部436与正面罩303的节流部356的距离受到影响最大。
以下,提供能够将正面、背面罩303、304和壳体302高效地接合,并且,能够抑制流量传感器300的特性的偏差的熔敷的构造以及方法。
图10是用于说明照射激光来对正面罩303和壳体302进行熔敷(以下,称为激光熔敷)的激光熔敷部390以及高度控制用凸部450的配置构造的俯视图的一个例子。此外,以下,以正面罩303和壳体302的激光熔敷的情况进行说明,但背面罩304和壳体302的激光熔敷也相同。
设置于壳体302的正面侧副通道外侧壁391、正面侧副通道内侧壁392以及正面侧上部侧壁393的各上表面为与正面罩303的激光熔敷部390。
在正面罩303或壳体302的任意一个设置有高度控制用凸部450。在图10所图示的例子中,高度控制用凸部450设置于狭缝372的中央部、以及电路封装体400的下端部与正面侧副通道内侧壁392的上端部之间这2个位置。为了防止流量检测部436与正面罩303的节流部356之间的下沉,并将流量检测部436和节流部356的间隔确保为恒定值,优选至少将高度控制用凸部450这样设置在流量检测部436对置的侧方的两侧。
图11是图10的XIA-XIB线剖视图,图11(A)是激光熔敷前的剖视图,图11(B)是激光熔敷后的剖视图。
在图11(A)中,将高度控制用凸部450作为设置在正面罩303的构造而例示。
设置于正面罩303的内面的高度控制用凸部450的高度H2在激光熔敷前,小于壳体302的正面侧副通道内侧壁392的高度H1。优选正面侧副通道内侧壁392的高度H1与高度控制用凸部450的高度H2的差(H1-H2)例如设定为50μmm~100μm左右。
此外,在以下的说明中,将正面侧副通道内侧壁392简单地称为侧壁392,将正面罩303简单地称为罩303。
在图11(A)所图示的状态下,对加压到设置于基底部311的侧壁392的上表面的罩303照射激光L,在图11(B)图示出熔敷了侧壁392的上部和罩303的状态。
通过朝向与侧壁392的上表面相接的罩303的区域多次照射激光L,从而壳体302的侧壁392的上部侧熔融,侵入罩303侧。形成于罩303的高度控制用凸部450的背面与壳体302的基底部311的上表面紧贴。
此外,在形成高度控制用凸部450的情况下,也由于继续照射激光L,而激光熔敷部390继续下沉。因此,高度控制用凸部450设置在副通道的内部,需要减少由流量检测部436和节流部356的间隙形成的流路的高度的差别。
在图11(B)中,以在激光照射时罩303的高度控制用凸部450的背面与壳体302紧贴的状态图示。但是,由于罩303、壳体302的表面粗度、表面的起伏等,即使在对罩303加压的状态下,壳体302的侧壁392的上表面和罩303内面也仅一部分紧贴,在其他的位置产生缝隙。在有这种缝隙的情况下,若多次照射激光L,则构成壳体302以及罩303的树脂产生向激光熔敷部的宽度方向突出的树脂毛刺398。
此时,在激光熔敷部390的宽度的中央部中,如图11(B)所图示那样,壳体302的侧壁392的树脂成为侵入罩303的树脂的状态。侧壁392的侵入边界面397的距离基底部311的上表面的最高高度H3大于高度控制用凸部450的高度H2。
换句话说,若多次照射激光L,则成为作为熔敷位置的吸收树脂的侧壁392的侵入边界面397的距离基底部311的上表面的最高高度H3的一方大于高度控制用凸部450的高度H2的状态。
因此,通过设置高度控制用凸部450,从而副通道的高度能够控制为规定值,流量传感器300的特性变化能够稳定化。同时,罩303的树脂和壳体302的树脂的相溶性提高,壳体302的树脂侵入罩303的树脂,由此,熔敷强度增大。另外,通过壳体302的树脂侵入罩303的树脂,从而抑制龟裂的发展的路径长度变长,所以强度提高,激光熔敷部390的可靠性也提高。
此外,若树脂毛刺398位于与高度控制用凸部450的侧面紧贴的位置,则成为树脂毛刺398的发展的限位器,对熔敷部的高度产生影响。因此,高度控制用凸部450需要设置在树脂毛刺398不紧贴那样的位置。在上述一实施方式的构造中研究的结果,若将壳体302的侧壁392的宽度设为A,则在产生80μm左右的下沉的情况下,树脂毛刺398的突出高度为0.3A~0.35A。因此,在将下沉设为50μm~100μm的情况下,壳体302的侧壁392与高度控制用凸部450的距离B可以为0.4A以上。
<实施方式1的效果>
根据本发明的一实施方式,起到下述的效果。
(1)在壳体302的正面、背面形成用于构成向流量检测部436的副通道的侧壁391~396,通过激光熔敷对各侧壁391~396的上表面和正面、背面罩303、304进行了熔敷。因此,能够减少利用粘合剂的情况下的固化时间、粘合剂的使用成本,另外,不需要进行粘合剂的溢出面积的研究、粘合剂的量的控制,实现组装的能率化以及低成本化。
(2)在壳体302或者正面、背面罩303、304的一方设置用于抑制熔敷时的壳体或者罩的下沉的高度控制用凸部450。高度控制用凸部450的高度H2在激光熔敷前小于壳体302的侧壁392的高度H1。在多次照射了激光L的情况下,成为如下状态,作为熔敷位置的吸收树脂的侧壁392的侵入边界面397的距离基底部311的上表面的最高高度H3的一方大于高度控制用凸部450的高度H2。在该状态下,高度控制用凸部450的背面与壳体302紧贴。由此,能够抑制罩303的下沉,减小流量检测的偏差。
(3)在流量传感器300中,将高度控制用凸部450设置在对流量传感器300的特性变化影响最大的流量检测部436附近。因此,能够利用简单的构造实现检测性能的确保。
(4)将高度控制用凸部450设置在即使激光熔敷时从激光熔敷部390向宽度方向、即向横切侧壁392的方向突出形成的树脂毛刺398进展也不紧贴的位置。因此,高度控制用凸部450不会成为树脂毛刺398的进展的限位器,不会对罩303的下沉造成影响。
实施方式2
图12是本发明的实施方式2,是表示高度控制用凸部450的配置构造的俯视图。
在图12所图示的实施方式2的流量传感器300中,高度控制用凸部450设置在流量检测部436的附近3个位置。即,高度控制用凸部450设置在狭缝372的两侧、以及电路封装体400的下端部与正面侧副通道内侧壁392的上端部之间这三个位置。通过将高度控制用凸部450以包围流量检测部436的方式设置在三个位置,能够进一步提高罩303的节流部356和流量检测部436的缝隙尺寸的稳定性。
在实施方式2中,也起到与实施方式1相同的效果。
实施方式2中的其他的构成与实施方式1相同,对所对应的部件标注相同的符号并省略说明。
实施方式3
图13是本发明的实施方式3,是表示高度控制用凸部的配置构造的俯视图。
在图13所图示的实施方式3的流量传感器300中,高度控制用凸部450设置在流量检测部436的附近三个位置。即,高度控制用凸部450设置在与狭缝372的两侧相邻的正面侧副通道外侧壁391、以及电路封装体400的下端部与正面侧副通道内侧壁392的上端部之间这三个位置。
在实施方式3中,形成于狭缝372的两侧的一对高度控制用凸部450的距离大于实施方式2所示的形成于狭缝372的两侧的一对高度控制用凸部450的距离,所以罩303的节流部356和流量检测部436的缝隙尺寸的稳定性进一步提高。
实施方式3中的其他的构成与实施方式1相同,对所对应的部件标注相同的符号并省略说明。
在实施方式3中,也起到与实施方式1相同的效果。
实施方式4
图14是本发明的实施方式4,是表示高度控制用凸部450的配置构造的俯视图。
在图14所示的实施方式4中,除了设置于电路封装体400的下端部与正面侧副通道内侧壁392的上端部之间的高度控制用凸部450以外,还具备沿正面侧副通道外侧壁391的内面,在副通道槽306内设置多个的高度控制用凸部450。
本发明的流量传感器300的构造复杂,根据壳体302所使用的材料,与副通道槽306的出口352、副通道槽307的入口350对应的部分的弯曲呈大于其他的位置的趋势。换句话说,壳体302的侧壁392的高度H1和高度控制用凸部450的高度H2的差(H1-H2)根据场所变化较大。
这样的情况下,也有与平面度比较好的流量检测部436的附近相比,按照场所改变高度控制用凸部450的高度H2较好的情况。换句话说,在图14中,使形成于出口槽353的附近的高度控制用凸部450a的高度H2比流量检测部436的附近的高度控制用凸部450的高度H2低。这样,与正面、背面罩303、304的各场所的弯曲的程度对应地,使高度控制用凸部450、450a的高度H2不同,能够调整激光熔敷部390中的下沉量来实现副通道的高度的均匀化。
此外,在图14中,将沿正面侧副通道外侧壁391的内面在副通道槽306内形成的高度控制用凸部450中最接近出口槽353的作为与其他不同的高度的高度控制用凸部450a而例示。但是,也可以将接近出口槽353的多个作为与其他不同的高度的高度控制用凸部450a。
实施方式4中的其他的构成与实施方式1相同,对所对应的部件标注相同的符号并省略说明。
在实施方式4中也起到与实施方式1相同的效果。
实施方式5
图15是本发明的实施方式5,是表示高度控制用凸部450的配置构造的俯视图。
在图15所示的实施方式5中,高度控制用凸部450除了电路封装体400的下端部与正面侧副通道内侧壁392的上端部之间的以外,还沿正面侧副通道外侧壁391以及正面侧副通道内侧壁392在副通道槽306内连续设置。连续形成的高度控制用凸部450包括在实施方式1~4中示出的在电路封装体400的下端部与正面侧副通道内侧壁392的上端部之间形成的部分。
在实施方式5中,也可以使高度控制用凸部450的高度H2以逐渐减少或者增加的方式变化。
实施方式5中的其他的构成与实施方式1相同,对所对应的部件标注相同的符号并省略说明。
此外,在壳体302的背面侧中,也能够应用实施方式1~5所示的表面侧中的高度控制用凸部450的配置构造。
在实施方式5中,也起到与实施方式4相同的效果。
实施方式6
图16是本发明的实施方式6,是表示高度控制用凸部450的配置构造的俯视图。图16所示的实施方式6表示壳体302的背面侧中的高度控制用凸部的配置构造。
在图16所图示的流量传感器300中,高度控制用凸部450沿背面侧副通道外侧壁394以及背面侧副通道内侧壁395的内面连续设置于副通道槽307内。连续形成的高度控制用凸部450也通过电路封装体400的下端部与背面侧副通道内侧壁395的上端部之间的区域而形成。也可以分开设置多个高度控制用凸部450。
实施方式6中的其他的构成与实施方式1相同,对所对应的部件标注相同的符号并省略说明。
在实施方式6中,也起到与实施方式1相同的效果。
实施方式7
图17是表示本发明的实施方式7,并涉及壳体与罩的激光熔敷的图,图17(A)是熔敷前的剖视图,图17(B)是熔敷后的剖视图。
在实施方式1所示的流量传感器300中,是在正面、背面罩303、304形成高度控制用凸部450的构造。与此相对,在实施方式7所示的流量传感器300中,是在壳体302形成高度控制用凸部450的构造。
在激光熔敷的情况下,优选正面、背面罩303、304其透过率较高。
然而,就对具有高度控制用凸部450的正面、背面罩303、304进行成形的构造而言,也有高度控制用凸部450周边部中的树脂的流动变差,与激光熔敷相当的部分的正背面罩303、304的透过率也变差的情况。另外,也容易产生偏差。例如,在PBT、PPS这样的透过率比较低的材料的情况下,这样的情况显著发生。
这样的情况下,如作为实施方式7表示于图17(A)、(B)那样,正面、背面罩303、304为平坦的构造,将高度控制用凸部450设置在壳体302是有效的。由此,能够抑制正面、背面罩303、304的成形时的透过率的减少。
在实施方式7中,也朝向与侧壁392的上表面相接的罩303的区域多次照射激光L,从而如图17(B)图示,壳体302的侧壁392的上部侧熔融,侵入罩303侧。另外,形成于壳体302的基底部311的高度控制用凸部450的上表面与罩303的内面紧贴。
因此,在实施方式7中也起到与实施方式1相同的效果。
实施方式7中的其他的构成与实施方式1相同,对所对应的部件标注相同的符号并省略说明。
实施方式8
图18是表示本发明的实施方式8的图,是涉及壳体和罩的激光熔敷的图,图18(A)是熔敷前的剖视图,图18(B)是熔敷后的剖视图。
在图18所图示的实施方式8中,也与实施方式7相同,流量传感器300为将高度控制用凸部450形成在壳体302的构造。实施方式8与实施方式7的不同点在于,在实施方式8中,在正面、背面罩303、304设置收纳侧壁392以及高度控制用凸部450的凹部308。此外,以下,代表正面、背面罩303、304,作为罩303进行说明。
在实施方式8中,在罩303的内面形成有凹部308。凹部308具有收纳侧壁392以及高度控制用凸部450的面积,在激光L的照射前,侧壁392的上表面与凹部308的底面接触。高度控制用凸部450的上表面与凹部308的底面分离。在图18中,侧壁392以及高度控制用凸部450的侧面为倾斜面,但侧面也可以不是倾斜面。
在实施方式8中,也朝向与侧壁392的上表面相接的区域的罩303多次照射激光L,从而如图18(B)所图示那样,壳体302的侧壁392的上部侧熔融,侵入罩303的凹部308的底部侧。另外,形成于壳体302的基底部311的高度控制用凸部450的上表面与罩303的凹部308的底面紧贴。罩303的凹部308的深度考虑作为罩303必要的机械强度而决定。形成有罩303的凹部308的部分的厚度也取决于树脂材料,但例如为0.5mm-0.8mm左右。
在实施方式8中,照射了激光L的罩303的区域的厚度薄了凹部308的深度的量,所以能够使其部分中的透过率比其周围大。
就侧壁392的高度H1和高度控制用凸部450的高度H2的关系、以及侧壁392的宽度A和侧壁392与高度控制用凸部450的距离B的关系而言,与实施方式1相同。
此外,在上述一实施方式中,作为将凹部308设置在罩303的内面、换言之设置在与壳体302相对的一侧的构造进行了例示。但是,也可以将凹部308设置在罩303的外面、换言之设置在激光L的照射面侧,或者设置在罩303的内面以及外面这两面。
实施方式8中的其他的构成与实施方式1相同,对所对应的部件标注相同的符号并省略说明。
在实施方式8中,也起到与实施方式1相同的效果。
[激光熔敷部的外观检查]
对通过外观检查来确认罩303和壳体302的各侧壁391~396是否被可靠地激光熔敷的方法进行说明。
对壳体302的各侧壁391~396的上表面和正面、背面罩303、304进行了激光熔敷之后,利用照相机拍摄熔敷的部分,通过图像处理,判断各侧壁391~396的上表面和罩303是否被熔敷。正面、背面罩303、304由透光性树脂形成,壳体302由光吸收性树脂形成,所以激光熔敷正常地进行的部分的亮度变低。如果侧壁392的上表面与罩303之间有缝隙,则其部分的亮度变高。在正常地进行了激光熔敷的情况下,遍及激光熔敷部390的全长的对比度几乎一样。但是,若有激光熔敷不良位置,则在激光熔敷部390的全长中,对比度不一样,所以能够检测熔敷不良位置。
研究了该外观检查所需要的正面、背面罩303、304的透过率的结果,例如,在使用PBT树脂的情况下,可知对于正面、背面罩303、304的透过率而言,450~1100nm的波长域中的平均透过率是32~33%以上即可。即使考虑各种误差,平均透过率在35%以上就足够。
作为与平均透过率对应的其他的指标,也能够取决于标准化为JISZ8729的将物体的颜色数值化的L*a*b*表色系统。
根据L*a*b*表色系统,测定亮度L*、色饱和度C*=[(a*)2+(b*)2]1/2来判断罩303的树脂材料。就正面、背面罩303、304中的激光熔敷的部分的色彩而言,如果亮度L*<75以及色饱和度C*<10,则确认与450~1100nm的波长域中的平均透过率为35%以上相同。
在实施方式1~8中,如果使用上述的透过率、亮度L*以及色饱和度C*的树脂材料作为正面、背面罩303、304,则也能够进行利用图像处理的外观检查。
结晶性树脂通常透过率较低,所以为了改善正面、背面罩303,304的树脂材料的透过率,使用透明的非结晶性的热塑性树脂作为合金材料是有效的。颜色需要为自然色。通过使用透明的非结晶性的热塑性树脂,尤其通过采用图18所示的构造,不仅能够对激光熔敷部390中的熔敷状态进行外观检查,也能够对高度控制用凸部450与正面、背面罩303、304的紧贴进行外观检查。
但是,在高度控制用凸部450与正面、背面罩303、304的紧贴力较小的情况下,也有难以得到外观检查所需要的对比度(与其他的位置的白黑差)的情况。
以下,示出增大激光熔敷部中的对比度的实施方式。
实施方式9
图19是本发明的实施方式9,是利用激光照射的壳体和正面罩的熔敷后的剖视图。
在图19所示的实施方式9中,在罩303的激光L的照射面侧形成有微小凹凸460的点与实施方式8不同。
微小凹凸460未形成在与收纳侧壁392和高度控制用凸部450的凹部308几乎相同的位置并且几乎相同的面积。换句话说,在从罩303中的侧壁392的上表面到高度控制用凸部450的上表面的区域未形成有微小凹凸460。在形成有罩303的微小凹凸460的部分中,激光L反射,所以能够增大与未形成有微小凹凸460的区域的对比度。
实施方式9中的其他的构成与实施方式8相同,对所对应的部件标注相同的符号并省略说明。
在实施方式9中也起到与实施方式8相同的效果。
实施方式10
图20是本发明的实施方式10,是壳体与正面罩的激光熔敷后的剖视图。
在图20所示的实施方式10中,在罩303的内面、换言之与壳体302的相对侧也形成有微小凹凸461的点与实施方式9不同。
微小凹凸461不仅形成在凹部308的外侧,也形成于凹部308的底面。
但是,在凹部308内,为了不对激光熔敷产生妨碍,在与侧壁392的上表面以及高度控制用凸部450的上表面对应的部分不形成微小凹凸461。根据实施方式10,能够进一步提高侧壁392的上表面以及高度控制用凸部450的上表面与它们的周围的对比度差。
此外,若在激光熔敷前,在激光熔敷侧的罩303的凹部308的底面形成微小凹凸461,则罩303的透过率降低。另外,激光L在微小凹凸461散射。但是,在凹部308内,侧壁392和高度控制用凸部450分离,激光照射时散射的部分与熔敷部之间仅是缝隙,所以激光L的散射所产生的影响较少,光损失不成为问题。另外,罩303的树脂材料和壳体302的树脂材料通过熔敷而熔融并相溶。因此,熔敷后中的折射率差消失,相当于激光熔敷部390的部分的罩303的透过率与熔敷前没有很大的差别。
实施方式10中的其他的构成与实施方式9相同,对所对应的部件标注相同的符号并省略说明。在实施方式10中也起到与实施方式1相同的效果。
实施方式11
图21是本发明的实施方式11,是用于说明在正面罩的激光熔敷部390以外的部分设置的微小的凹凸的俯视图。
图21是将图19所示的微小凹凸460形成在除了与凹部308对应的区域以外的罩303的表面的整个面的图。这样一来,不仅增加外观检查时中的对比度差,搬运时等产生的伤等也难以引人注目。
如图20所示,也可以在罩303的表面形成微小凹凸460,并且在罩303的内面形成微小凹凸461。
微小凹凸460、461既可以在金属模具成形咬花并注塑成形时形成,也可以另外对罩303实施喷砂处理等而形成。优选微小凹凸460、461为表面粗度Ra0.6-3.0μm左右。
实施方式12
图22是本发明的实施方式12,是壳体与正面罩的激光熔敷后的剖视图。
图22所示的实施方式12在罩303的表面中的不形成有微小凹凸460的区域内在与高度控制用凸部450的上表面对应的部分设置凹部309的点上与实施方式11不同。
通过在与高度控制用凸部450的上表面对应的部分设置凹部309,从而该部分的罩303的厚度变薄,该部分中的透过率大于激光熔敷部390的部分。由此,高度控制用凸部450和激光紧贴部的对比度变大。
在一并进行图像检查的情况下,也有减小激光熔敷部390和高度控制用凸部450与罩303的紧贴部的对比度比较好的情况。另外,根据使用的树脂,也有想仅增大高度控制用凸部450与罩303的紧贴部和周围的对比度的情况。这种情况下,如图22所示那样,可以在相当于高度控制用凸部450与罩303的紧贴部的部分的激光照射侧设置凹部309。
实施方式12中的其他的构成与实施方式10相同,对所对应的部件标注相同的符号并省略说明。
在实施方式12中,也起到与实施方式1相同的效果。
<树脂材料>
接下来,对壳体302以及正面、背面罩303、304的树脂材料进行说明。
在流量传感器300中,由于长期使用而产生壳体302、正面、背面罩303、304的变形,通道的特性变化,流量检测的偏差变大。因为正面、背面罩303、304和壳体302被熔敷,所以对于变形而言,刚性较大的壳体302的影响较大。因此,需要使壳体302所含有的合金材料的耐热性比正面、背面罩303、304高。
换句话说,优选满足下述的条件。
壳体302所含有的合金材料的玻璃转移温度≥正面、背面罩303、304所含有的合金材料的玻璃转移温度
弹性率也相同,优选满足下述的条件。
构成壳体302的热塑性树脂的弹性率>构成正面、背面罩303、304的热塑性树脂的弹性率
在正面、背面罩303、304中,虽然与壳体302相比影响较小,但特性也由于长期使用而变动。尤其与流量检测部436对置配置的正面罩303与背面罩304相比对特性变动产生的影响的比例较大。这里,结晶度较高的高分子材料着眼于刚性、强度、耐热性较高的情况,对于结晶度而言,正面罩303和背面罩304满足下述的条件。
正面罩303的结晶度>背面罩304的结晶度
在上述中,所谓结晶度,在分成高分子规则正确地排列的结晶状态和高分子成为线球状或者缠上而存在的非晶状态的状态中,将结晶部分的比例作为结晶度,定义为(结晶度)=(结晶区域部分)÷(结晶区域部分与非晶区域部分的和)。
另外,优选正面罩303和背面罩304的玻璃转移温度满足下述的条件。
正面罩303所包含的合金材料的玻璃转移温度>背面罩304所包含的合金材料的玻璃转移温度
若向高分子材料添加无机物,例如玻璃纤维、玻璃片、特殊形状的玻璃等,则能够提高成形时以及老化变化中的尺寸稳定性。无机物的添加量通常是20%~50%左右。但是,若玻璃材料等无机物的添加量增加,则激光L的透过性恶化。因此,考虑尺寸稳定性和激光的透过性,添加到正面、背面罩303、304的无机物的添加量可以为20~30%左右。
通常,为了激光熔敷,而向壳体302的树脂材料混入炭黑等着色材料。因此,壳体302的树脂材料不需要考虑变色、透过率、色彩。但是,需要壳体302的长期使用中的变形比正面、背面罩303、304少。
因此,优选壳体302和正面、背面罩303、304的无机物的添加比例满足下述的条件。
向构成壳体302的热塑性树脂的无机物的添加比例≥向构成罩303、304的热塑性树脂的无机物的添加比例
在长期使用所造成的变形的抑制的观点中,就结晶性的热塑性树脂而言,成形时的金属模温度越低,结晶度越低,并且,透过率越高。因此,正面、背面罩303、304的树脂材料可以为满足透过率、色彩的条件这样的较低的金属模具温度。另一方面,因为结晶度越高,尺寸稳定性越提高,所以优选壳体302的树脂材料的结晶度较高。
因此,优选壳体302和正面、背面罩303、304的结晶度满足下述的条件。
构成壳体302的热塑性树脂的结晶度>构成罩303、304的热塑性树脂的结晶度
也可以向形成正面、背面罩303、304、壳体302的结晶性树脂添加各种添加剂,例如防氧化剂、紫外线吸收剂、热稳定材料、表面活性剂、滑材、结晶核材、阻燃剂等。其中,优选正面、背面罩303、304尽可能不含有对透过率的降低造成影响的材料。另一方面,优选壳体302含有吸收激光L的着色剂例如炭黑等。
在对正面、背面罩303、304和壳体302进行激光熔敷的基础上,优选正面、背面罩303、304的树脂材以及壳体302的树脂材不包括离型材成分。
作为添加到构成正面、背面罩303、304的结晶性树脂的非结晶性树脂的合金材料,例如有聚苯乙烯(PS)、丙烯晴苯乙烯(AS)、丙烯晴丁二烯苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、环烯聚合物(COP)、环烯烃聚合物(COC)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚碳酸酯(PC)等。
作为添加到构成壳体302的树脂的非结晶性树脂的合金材料,除了添加到正面、背面罩303、304的合金材料以外,还能够举出玻璃转移温度更大的改性聚苯醚(mPPE)、聚醚酰亚胺(PEI)、多芳基化合物(PAR)、聚砜(PSF)、聚醚砜(PES)等。
添加到正面、背面罩303、304的非结晶性树脂的合金材料至少添加1种,但也可以不仅1种,除此以外,还含有其他的包括结晶性的合金材料。另外,壳体302也相同。
按照以上说明,在上述各实施方式中,在壳体302的正面、背面形成用于构成向流量检测部436的副通道的侧壁391~396,通过激光熔敷对各侧壁391~396的上表面和正面、背面罩303、304进行了熔敷。另外,在壳体302或者正面、背面罩303、304的一方设置有用于抑制熔敷时中的壳体或者罩的下沉的高度控制用凸部450。
因此,根据本发明的各实施方式,能够减少利用粘合剂的接合的情况下的粘合剂的固化时间、粘合剂的使用成本,实现接合的效率化以及低成本化,另外,同时能够抑制罩303的下沉,减小流量检测的偏差。
此外,在上述下述实施方式中,作为利用激光对正面、背面罩303、304和壳体302进行熔敷的情况进行了例示。但是,本发明不仅应用于激光熔敷,也能够应用于热熔敷、振动熔敷、超声波熔敷等其他的熔敷的情况。
另外,本发明也能够使用于热式流量传感器300以外的产品的用途,也能够应用于全部热塑性树脂的激光熔敷。作为热塑性树脂,除了上述所示的以外,还能够使用聚乙烯(PE)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚甲醛(POM)、聚乙烯对苯二甲酸酯(PET)、聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯(PTT)、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEN)、聚醚醚酮(PEEK)、液晶聚合物(LCP)、聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)。
另外,上述的热塑性树脂也能够作为合金材料的非结晶性的热塑性树脂使用。与合金材料一起包括有玻璃纤维等无机物等特殊的添加剂的热塑性树脂也成为对象。另外,作为主材料,不仅能够使用热塑性树脂,也能够使用透过率比较高的环氧类、丙烯酸系等热固化树脂。
能够在本发明的主旨的范围内对上述实施方式1~12的一部分进行变形来应用。另外,也可以将上述实施方式1~12的一部分相互组合。
主要在对设置于壳体的侧壁的上表面熔敷了罩的流量传感器中,至少在壳体内所收纳的流量检测部的周围的侧壁的附近,在壳体或者罩的一方设置用于抑制熔敷时的罩的下沉的高度控制用凸部即可。
如下的优先权基础申请的公开内容作为引用文在此引用。
日本国专利申请2013年第235867号(2013年11月14日申请)
符号的说明
300—流量传感器;301—外壳;302—壳体;303—正面罩(罩);304—背面罩;306、307—副通道槽;308、309—凹部;310—测量部;311—基底部;322—保护部;350—入口;351—入口槽;352—出口;353—出口槽;356—节流部;372—狭缝;376—固定部;380、381—突起部;382—空洞部;390—激光熔敷部;391—正面侧副通道外侧壁;392—正面侧副通道内侧壁(侧壁);393—正面侧上部侧壁;394—背面侧副通道外侧壁;395—背面侧副通道内侧壁;396—背面侧上部侧壁;397—侵入边界面;398—树脂毛刺;400—电路封装体;430—测量用流路面;436—流量检测部;450、450a—高度控制用凸部;452—温度检测部;460、461—微小凹凸;602—流量检测元件。

Claims (20)

1.一种流量传感器,其特征在于,具备:
壳体,其由树脂材料形成,具有基底部和侧壁,至少一面侧敞开;
罩,其由树脂材料形成,覆盖上述壳体的上述一面侧,与上述壳体的上述侧壁的上表面熔敷,通过上述壳体的上述基底部和上述侧壁而形成从主通道收进的被测量气体所流动的副通道;以及
流量检测部,其配置于上述副通道内,
至少在上述流量检测部的周围的上述侧壁的附近,在上述壳体或者上述罩的一方设置用于抑制熔敷时的上述罩的下沉的高度控制用凸部。
2.根据权利要求1所述的流量传感器,其特征在于,
上述流量检测部构成为具备板和搭载于上述板上的流量检测元件的电路封装体,
上述高度控制用凸部设置于上述电路封装体的至少一端部和上述侧壁中的与上述电路封装体的上述一端部对置的部分之间。
3.根据权利要求2所述的流量传感器,其特征在于,
上述电路封装体通过嵌入成型而与上述壳体一体形成,
上述高度控制用凸部形成于上述电路封装体的上述一端部的周围的多处位置。
4.根据权利要求3所述的流量传感器,其特征在于,
上述高度控制用凸部至少设置于上述电路封装体的上述一端部的周围的三处位置。
5.根据权利要求2所述的流量传感器,其特征在于,
上述副通道具有上述电路封装体的周围的上述基底部被切去而形成的空洞部,
上述高度控制用凸部沿上述空洞部的周围的一部分呈连续状设置。
6.根据权利要求1所述的流量传感器,其特征在于,
上述罩具备覆盖上述壳体的上述一面侧的正面罩和覆盖上述壳体的另一面侧的背面罩,
上述高度控制用凸部设置于上述正面罩或者上述壳体的一方、和上述背面罩或者上述壳体的一方。
7.根据权利要求6所述的流量传感器,其特征在于,
在上述流量检测部,与被测量气体接触的测量用流路面设置于与上述正面罩相对的一侧,在构成上述正面罩的树脂材料中,包含有玻璃转移点比构成上述背面罩的树脂材料所包含的合金材料的玻璃转移温度高的合金材料。
8.根据权利要求7所述的流量传感器,其特征在于,
上述流量检测部构成为具备板和搭载于上述板上的流量检测元件的电路封装体,
上述副通道具有上述电路封装体的周围的上述基底部被切去而形成的空洞部,
上述侧壁在收进被测量气体的入口或者排出被测量气体的出口与上述空洞部之间具有弯曲部,
上述高度控制用凸部还设置于上述侧壁的上述弯曲部。
9.根据权利要求8所述的流量传感器,其特征在于,
上述高度控制用凸部沿上述侧壁的上述弯曲部连续设置。
10.根据权利要求8所述的流量传感器,其特征在于,
在上述侧壁的上述弯曲部设置有多个上述高度控制用凸部,
设置于上述侧壁的上述弯曲部的多个上述高度控制用凸部中的至少一个形成为与设置于上述侧壁的上述弯曲部的其他的上述高度控制用凸部或者设置于上述空洞部的周围的上述高度控制用凸部不同的高度。
11.根据权利要求1~10的任一项所述的流量传感器,其特征在于,
上述高度控制用凸部设置成在与熔敷上述罩和上述侧壁时形成的树脂毛刺之间具有缝隙。
12.根据权利要求1所述的流量传感器,其特征在于,
上述高度控制用凸部设定在比上述壳体与上述罩的侵入边界面低的位置。
13.根据权利要求1所述的流量传感器,其特征在于,
上述高度控制用凸部设置于上述壳体,
在上述罩形成有收纳上述侧壁和上述高度控制用凸部的凹部。
14.根据权利要求1所述的流量传感器,其特征在于,
在上述罩的熔敷部的周围形成有表面粗度比上述罩的上述熔敷部大的凹凸。
15.根据权利要求1所述的流量传感器,其特征在于,
上述罩中的至少对置于与上述侧壁的熔敷部的部分以及对置于上述高度控制用凸部的部分的针对450nm~1100nm的波长光的平均透过率是35%以上。
16.根据权利要求1所述的流量传感器,其特征在于,
上述罩中的至少对置于与上述侧壁的熔敷部的部分以及对置于上述高度控制用凸部的部分在L*a*b*表色系统中亮度L*是75以下,色饱和度C*是10以下。
17.根据权利要求1所述的流量传感器,其特征在于,
上述罩由结晶性树脂形成,并且含有非结晶性的合金材料。
18.根据权利要求1所述的流量传感器,其特征在于,
上述罩以及上述壳体由包括合金材料的树脂材料形成,上述壳体所包含的上述合金材料的玻璃转移温度比上述罩所包含的合金材料的玻璃转移温度高。
19.根据权利要求1所述的流量传感器,其特征在于,
在上述罩的树脂材料中包含有上述壳体的树脂材料中所包含的玻璃材料的含量以下的玻璃材料。
20.根据权利要求1所述的流量传感器,其特征在于,
构成上述壳体的树脂材料的结晶度大于构成上述罩的树脂材料的结晶度。
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