WO2015072371A1 - 流量センサ - Google Patents
流量センサ Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2015072371A1 WO2015072371A1 PCT/JP2014/079249 JP2014079249W WO2015072371A1 WO 2015072371 A1 WO2015072371 A1 WO 2015072371A1 JP 2014079249 W JP2014079249 W JP 2014079249W WO 2015072371 A1 WO2015072371 A1 WO 2015072371A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- housing
- cover
- flow rate
- height control
- side wall
- Prior art date
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/68—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using thermal effects
- G01F1/684—Structural arrangements; Mounting of elements, e.g. in relation to fluid flow
- G01F1/6847—Structural arrangements; Mounting of elements, e.g. in relation to fluid flow where sensing or heating elements are not disturbing the fluid flow, e.g. elements mounted outside the flow duct
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
- B29C65/16—Laser beams
- B29C65/1603—Laser beams characterised by the type of electromagnetic radiation
- B29C65/1612—Infrared [IR] radiation, e.g. by infrared lasers
- B29C65/1616—Near infrared radiation [NIR], e.g. by YAG lasers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
- B29C65/16—Laser beams
- B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
- B29C65/1635—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface at least passing through one of the parts to be joined, i.e. laser transmission welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
- B29C65/16—Laser beams
- B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
- B29C65/1654—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined
- B29C65/1661—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined scanning repeatedly, e.g. quasi-simultaneous laser welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
- B29C65/7802—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring
- B29C65/782—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring by setting the gap between the parts to be joined
- B29C65/7823—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring by setting the gap between the parts to be joined by using distance pieces, i.e. by using spacers positioned between the parts to be joined and forming a part of the joint
- B29C65/7829—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring by setting the gap between the parts to be joined by using distance pieces, i.e. by using spacers positioned between the parts to be joined and forming a part of the joint said distance pieces being integral with at least one of the parts to be joined
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
- B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
- B29C66/114—Single butt joints
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
- B29C66/24—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight
- B29C66/242—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being closed, i.e. forming closed contours
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
- B29C66/24—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight
- B29C66/244—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being non-straight, e.g. forming non-closed contours
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/32—Measures for keeping the burr form under control; Avoiding burr formation; Shaping the burr
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
- B29C66/534—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars
- B29C66/5346—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially flat
- B29C66/53461—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially flat joining substantially flat covers and/or substantially flat bottoms to open ends of container bodies
- B29C66/53462—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially flat joining substantially flat covers and/or substantially flat bottoms to open ends of container bodies joining substantially flat covers and substantially flat bottoms to open ends of container bodies
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/731—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/7316—Surface properties
- B29C66/73161—Roughness or rugosity
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/68—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using thermal effects
- G01F1/684—Structural arrangements; Mounting of elements, e.g. in relation to fluid flow
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/68—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using thermal effects
- G01F1/684—Structural arrangements; Mounting of elements, e.g. in relation to fluid flow
- G01F1/6842—Structural arrangements; Mounting of elements, e.g. in relation to fluid flow with means for influencing the fluid flow
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/68—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using thermal effects
- G01F1/684—Structural arrangements; Mounting of elements, e.g. in relation to fluid flow
- G01F1/6845—Micromachined devices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F5/00—Measuring a proportion of the volume flow
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/06—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using friction, e.g. spin welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
- B29C65/16—Laser beams
- B29C65/1677—Laser beams making use of an absorber or impact modifier
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/65—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles with a relative motion between the article and the welding tool
- B29C66/652—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles with a relative motion between the article and the welding tool moving the welding tool around the fixed article
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/731—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/7311—Thermal properties
- B29C66/73117—Tg, i.e. glass transition temperature
- B29C66/73118—Tg, i.e. glass transition temperature of different glass transition temperature, i.e. the glass transition temperature of one of the parts to be joined being different from the glass transition temperature of the other part
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/7377—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined amorphous, semi-crystalline or crystalline
- B29C66/73771—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined amorphous, semi-crystalline or crystalline the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being amorphous
- B29C66/73772—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined amorphous, semi-crystalline or crystalline the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being amorphous the to-be-joined areas of both parts to be joined being amorphous
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/7377—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined amorphous, semi-crystalline or crystalline
- B29C66/73773—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined amorphous, semi-crystalline or crystalline the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being semi-crystalline
- B29C66/73774—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined amorphous, semi-crystalline or crystalline the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being semi-crystalline the to-be-joined areas of both parts to be joined being semi-crystalline
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
- B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
- B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
- B29C66/812—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
- B29C66/8122—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
- B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
- B29C66/812—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
- B29C66/8126—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
- B29C66/81266—Optical properties, e.g. transparency, reflectivity
- B29C66/81267—Transparent to electromagnetic radiation, e.g. to visible light
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/92—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
- B29C66/929—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools characterized by specific pressure, force, mechanical power or displacement values or ranges
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/34—Electrical apparatus, e.g. sparking plugs or parts thereof
- B29L2031/3481—Housings or casings incorporating or embedding electric or electronic elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/42—Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/47—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process
- H01L2224/48—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process of an individual wire connector
- H01L2224/481—Disposition
- H01L2224/48135—Connecting between different semiconductor or solid-state bodies, i.e. chip-to-chip
- H01L2224/48137—Connecting between different semiconductor or solid-state bodies, i.e. chip-to-chip the bodies being arranged next to each other, e.g. on a common substrate
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/15—Details of package parts other than the semiconductor or other solid state devices to be connected
- H01L2924/181—Encapsulation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/15—Details of package parts other than the semiconductor or other solid state devices to be connected
- H01L2924/181—Encapsulation
- H01L2924/1815—Shape
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a flow sensor, and more particularly, to a flow sensor provided with a housing formed by welding a housing and a cover.
- a flow sensor for measuring a gas flow rate one having a flow rate detection unit for measuring a flow rate is known.
- the flow rate sensor is configured to measure the flow rate of the gas by performing heat transfer between the flow rate detection unit and the measurement target gas.
- the flow rate measured by the flow sensor is widely used as an important control parameter for various devices.
- Thermal flow sensors are known to be able to measure the flow rate of gas with relatively high accuracy compared to other types of flow rate sensors, but in recent years, further improvement in measurement accuracy of gas flow rate is desired.
- thermal flow sensors are known to be able to measure the flow rate of gas with relatively high accuracy compared to other types of flow rate sensors, but in recent years, further improvement in measurement accuracy of gas flow rate is desired.
- the intake air amount which is a main parameter of the internal combustion engine, with high accuracy.
- the flow sensor for measuring the amount of intake air led to the internal combustion engine includes a sub-passage that takes in a part of the intake air amount and a flow rate detector disposed in the sub-passage.
- the flow rate detection unit performs heat transfer with the gas to be measured, thereby measuring the state of the gas to be measured flowing through the auxiliary passage and outputting an electric signal representing the amount of intake air guided to the internal combustion engine (for example, Patent Document 1).
- the casing of the flow sensor has an inlet for taking in the gas to be measured from the main passage led to the internal combustion engine, and an outlet for exhausting the gas to be measured guided from the inlet to the flow rate detection unit via the auxiliary passage to the main passage. Is provided (see Patent Document 1).
- a housing that accommodates a flow rate detection unit is usually configured by bonding a housing and a cover with an adhesive. Side walls for forming an inlet, an outlet and a sub-passage are formed between the housing and the cover.
- Various electronic components that control the flow rate detection unit and the like are mounted inside the housing, and it is necessary to have a sealed structure in order to prevent short circuits and corrosion of the wiring unit and the like. Therefore, the housing and the cover are sealed and fixed using a plurality of adhesives.
- adhesives There are various types of adhesives as adhesives, but thermosetting adhesives are mainly used considering the reliability of use in automobiles. However, when a thermosetting adhesive is used, it takes time to cure by heating and the productivity is poor.
- the flow sensor is formed of a resin material, has a base portion and a side wall, and is formed of a resin material at least on one surface side, and covers one surface side of the housing.
- a cover that is welded to the upper surface of the side wall of the housing, and that forms a sub-passage through which the gas to be measured taken in from the main passage flows, and a flow rate detector disposed in the sub-passage.
- a height control convex portion for suppressing sinking of the cover at the time of welding is provided on one of the housing and the cover at least near the side wall around the flow rate detection portion.
- the housing and the cover are joined by welding, it is possible to reduce the curing time when using an adhesive and the cost of using the adhesive. In addition, it is not necessary to examine the protruding area of the adhesive and to control the amount of the adhesive, so that it is possible to increase the efficiency and cost of the bonding. Further, since the height control convex portion for suppressing the sinking of the housing or the cover during welding is provided in the vicinity of the side wall, the variation in flow rate detection can be reduced.
- FIG. 2 (A) is a left view
- FIG.2 (B) is a front view
- FIG. 3 (A) is a right view
- FIG.3 (B) is a rear view
- FIG. 4 (A) is a left view of a housing
- FIG. 4 (B) is a front view of a housing. It is a figure which shows the housing of the state which removed the cover of the flow sensor, FIG.
- FIG. 5 (A) is a right view of a housing
- FIG. 5 (B) is a rear view of a housing.
- FIG. 6 is an enlarged sectional view taken along line VI-VI in FIG. It is a figure which shows the external appearance of a table
- FIG. 7 (A) is a left view
- FIG.7 (B) is a front view
- FIG.7 (C) is a top view.
- FIG. 8 (A) is a left view
- FIG.8 (B) is a front view
- FIG.8 (C) is a top view.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a part of a cross section taken along line IX-IX in FIG.
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line XI A -XI B of FIG. 10, FIG. 11A is a cross-sectional view before laser welding, and FIG. 11B is a cross-sectional view after laser welding.
- Embodiment 2 of this invention and is a top view which shows the arrangement structure of the convex part for height control.
- Embodiment 3 of this invention and is a top view which shows the arrangement structure of the convex part for height control.
- Embodiment 4 of this invention is a top view which shows the arrangement structure of the convex part for height control.
- Embodiment 5 of this invention and is a top view which shows the arrangement structure of the convex part for height control.
- Embodiment 6 of this invention is a top view which shows the arrangement structure of the convex part for height control on the housing back side.
- Embodiment 8 of this invention regarding the laser welding of a housing and a front cover
- (A) is sectional drawing before welding
- (B) is sectional drawing after welding.
- It is Embodiment 9 of this invention and is sectional drawing after the laser welding of a housing and a front cover.
- Embodiment 10 of this invention and is sectional drawing after the laser welding of a housing and a front cover.
- It is Embodiment 12 of this invention and is sectional drawing after the laser welding of a housing and a front cover.
- the embodiment for carrying out the invention described below solves various problems demanded as an actual product, and in particular, is desirable for use as a measuring device for measuring the intake air amount of a vehicle. It solves the problem and has various effects.
- the same reference numerals indicate the same configuration even if the figure numbers are different, and achieve the same effects. For configurations that have already been described, only the reference numerals are attached to the drawings, and the description may be omitted.
- FIG. 1 is a system diagram showing an embodiment in which a flow sensor according to the present invention is used in an electronic fuel injection internal combustion engine control system.
- the intake air is sucked from the air cleaner 122 as the measurement target gas 30 and passes through the main passage 124 such as the intake body, the throttle body 126, and the intake manifold 128.
- the flow rate of the gas 30 to be measured is measured by the flow sensor 300 according to the present invention.
- Fuel is supplied from the fuel injection valve 152 based on the measured flow rate, and is introduced into the combustion chamber in the state of an air-fuel mixture together with the measured gas 30 that is intake air.
- the flow sensor 300 is typically a thermal flow sensor that measures the state of the gas to be measured flowing through the auxiliary passage by performing heat transfer with the gas to be measured.
- the fuel injection valve 152 is provided in the intake port of the internal combustion engine, and the fuel injected into the intake port forms an air-fuel mixture with the measured gas 30 that is intake air.
- the air-fuel mixture is guided to the combustion chamber via the intake valve 116 and burns to generate mechanical energy.
- the flow sensor 300 of the present invention can be used not only for the method of injecting fuel into the intake port of the internal combustion engine shown in FIG. 1 but also for the method of directly injecting fuel into each combustion chamber.
- the basic concept of the control parameter measurement method including the usage method of the flow rate sensor 300 and the control method of the internal combustion engine including the fuel supply amount and the ignition timing is substantially the same for both types. A method of injecting fuel is shown in FIG.
- the fuel and air introduced to the combustion chamber are in a mixed state of fuel and air, and are ignited explosively by spark ignition of the spark plug 154 to generate mechanical energy.
- the combusted gas is guided from the exhaust valve 118 to the exhaust pipe, and exhausted as exhaust 24 from the exhaust pipe to the outside of the vehicle.
- the flow rate of the gas 30 to be measured which is the intake air led to the combustion chamber, is controlled by a throttle valve 132 whose opening degree changes based on the operation of the accelerator pedal.
- the fuel supply amount is controlled based on the flow rate of the intake air guided to the combustion chamber.
- the driver can control the mechanical energy generated by the internal combustion engine by controlling the opening of the throttle valve 132 and controlling the flow rate of the intake air introduced into the combustion chamber.
- the flow rate sensor 300 measures the flow rate and temperature of the gas 30 to be measured, which is intake air that is taken in from the air cleaner 122 and flows through the main passage 124. An electric signal representing the flow rate and temperature of the intake air is input from the flow sensor 300 to the control device 200. Further, the output of the throttle angle sensor 144 that measures the opening of the throttle valve 132 is input to the control device 200. Further, the output of the rotation angle sensor 146 is input to the control device 200 in order to measure the position and state of the engine piston 114, the intake valve 116 and the exhaust valve 118 of the internal combustion engine, and the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine. The output of the oxygen sensor 148 is input to the control device 200 in order to measure the state of the mixture ratio between the fuel amount and the air amount from the state of the exhaust 24.
- the control device 200 calculates the fuel injection amount and the ignition timing based on the flow rate of the intake air that is the output of the flow sensor 300 and the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine that is measured based on the output of the rotation angle sensor 146. Based on these calculation results, the amount of fuel supplied from the fuel injection valve 152 and the ignition timing ignited by the spark plug 154 are controlled. The fuel supply amount and ignition timing are actually based on the intake air temperature and throttle angle change state measured by the flow sensor 300, the engine speed change state, and the air-fuel ratio state measured by the oxygen sensor 148. It is finely controlled. The control device 200 further controls the amount of air that bypasses the throttle valve 132 by the idle air control valve 156 in the idle operation state of the internal combustion engine, thereby controlling the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine in the idle operation state.
- the measuring unit 310 of the flow sensor 300 has a shape that extends long from the flange 312 toward the center of the main passage 124.
- An inlet 350 for taking a part of the gas to be measured 30 such as intake air into the sub passage and an outlet 352 for returning the gas to be measured 30 from the sub passage to the main passage 124 are provided at the tip of the measuring unit 310.
- the measuring section 310 has a shape that extends long along the axis from the outer wall of the main passage 124 toward the center, but the width has a narrow shape as shown in FIGS. 2 (A) and 3 (A). is doing. That is, the measurement unit 310 of the flow sensor 300 has a side surface that is thin and has a substantially rectangular front surface. Thereby, the flow sensor 300 can be provided with a sufficiently long sub-passage, and the fluid resistance of the gas to be measured 30 can be suppressed to a small value.
- the flow rate detection unit 436 includes a flow rate detection element 602 (see FIG. 9), and the flow rate detection unit 436 and the temperature detection unit 452 are integrated as a circuit package 400 into the housing 302 by insert molding. Prior to being integrated into the housing 302, the circuit package 400 is pre-molded with resin in advance. A structure of the primary molded circuit package 400 will be described.
- the resin on the side wall 392 of the housing 302 enters the resin of the cover 303 as shown in FIG.
- the maximum height H3 of the sinking boundary surface 397 of the side wall 392 from the upper surface of the base portion 311 is larger than the height H2 of the height control convex portion 450. That is, when the laser beam L is irradiated a plurality of times, the maximum height H3 from the upper surface of the base portion 311 of the submerged boundary surface 397 of the side wall 392 that is the absorbing resin at the welding location is higher than the height H2 of the height control convex portion 450. Is in a larger state.
- the height control convex portion 450 needs to be provided at a position where the resin beam 398 is not in close contact.
- the width of the side wall 392 of the housing 302 is A
- the sinking of about 80 ⁇ m occurs, the protruding height of the resin beam 398 is 0.3A to 0.35A. It was. Therefore, when the sinking is 50 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ mm, the distance B between the side wall 392 of the housing 302 and the height control convex portion 450 is preferably set to 0.4 A or more.
- FIG. 18A and 18B show an eighth embodiment of the present invention, and are diagrams relating to laser welding between a housing and a cover.
- FIG. 18A is a sectional view before welding
- FIG. 18B is a sectional view after welding.
- the difference between the eighth embodiment and the seventh embodiment is that, in the eighth embodiment, the front and back covers 303 and 304 are provided with a concave portion 308 for accommodating the side wall 392 and the height control convex portion 450.
- a recess 308 is formed on the inner surface of the cover 303.
- the concave portion 308 has an area for accommodating the side wall 392 and the height control convex portion 450, and before irradiation with the laser light L, the upper surface of the side wall 392 is in contact with the bottom surface of the concave portion 308.
- the upper surface of the height control convex portion 450 is separated from the bottom surface of the concave portion 308.
- the side surfaces of the side wall 392 and the height control convex portion 450 are inclined surfaces, but the side surfaces may not be inclined surfaces.
- the eighth embodiment by irradiating the laser beam L a plurality of times toward the cover 303 in the region in contact with the upper surface of the side wall 392, as shown in FIG.
- the side melts and sinks into the bottom side of the recess 308 of the cover 303.
- the upper surface of the height control convex portion 450 formed on the base portion 311 of the housing 302 is in close contact with the bottom surface of the concave portion 308 of the cover 303.
- the depth of the concave portion 308 of the cover 303 is determined in consideration of the mechanical strength required for the cover 303.
- the thickness of the portion of the cover 303 where the recess 308 is formed depends on the resin material, but is about 0.5 mm to 0.8 mm, for example.
- the transmittance in that portion can be made larger than the surrounding area.
- the relationship between the height H1 of the side wall 392 and the height H2 of the height control convex portion 450, and the relationship between the width A of the side wall 392 and the distance B between the side wall 392 and the height control convex portion 450 are shown in the embodiment. Same as 1.
- the concave portion 308 is illustrated as a structure provided on the inner surface of the cover 303, in other words, on the side facing the housing 302.
- the recess 308 may be provided on the outer surface of the cover 303, in other words, on the irradiation surface side of the laser light L, or on both the inner surface and the outer surface of the cover 303.
- Other configurations in the eighth embodiment are the same as those in the first embodiment, and the corresponding members are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted. In the eighth embodiment, the same effect as in the first embodiment is obtained.
- the luminance of that portion is increased.
- the contrast over the entire length of the laser welded portion 390 is substantially uniform. However, if there is a laser welding defective portion, the contrast is not uniform over the entire length of the laser welding portion 390, so that the welding defective portion can be detected.
- the transmittance of the front and back covers 303 and 304 is in the wavelength range of 450 to 1100 nm. It was found that the average transmittance should be 32 to 33% or more. Even if various errors are taken into consideration, it is sufficient that the average transmittance is 35% or more.
- the crystalline resin Since the crystalline resin usually has a low transmittance, it is effective to use a transparent amorphous thermoplastic resin as the alloy material in order to improve the transmittance of the resin material of the front and back covers 303 and 304. .
- the color must be a natural color.
- FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view after laser welding of the housing and the front cover according to the tenth embodiment of the present invention.
- the tenth embodiment shown in FIG. 20 is different from the ninth embodiment in that fine irregularities 461 are formed on the inner surface of the cover 303, in other words, the side facing the housing 302.
- the fine unevenness 461 is formed not only on the outside of the recess 308 but also on the bottom surface of the recess 308.
- the fine irregularities 461 are not formed in the portions corresponding to the upper surface of the side wall 392 and the upper surface of the height control convex portion 450 so that the laser welding is not hindered.
- permeability of the cover 303 will fall. Further, the laser light L is scattered by the fine unevenness 461. However, since the side wall 392 and the height control convex portion 450 are separated from each other in the concave portion 308, and there is only a gap between the portion scattered during laser irradiation and the welded portion, the influence of the scattering of the laser light L is exerted. Light loss is not a problem. Moreover, the resin material of the cover 303 and the resin material of the housing 302 are melted and fused by welding. For this reason, there is no difference in refractive index after welding, and the transmittance of the cover 303 corresponding to the laser welding portion 390 is not significantly different from that before welding.
- the fine unevennesses 460 and 461 may be formed when a texture is molded into a mold and injection molded, or may be separately formed by subjecting the cover 303 to blasting or the like.
- the fine irregularities 460 and 461 desirably have a surface roughness Ra of about 0.6 to 3.0 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view of the twelfth embodiment of the present invention after laser welding of the housing and the front cover.
- the twelfth embodiment shown in FIG. 22 is the eleventh embodiment in that a concave portion 309 is provided in a portion corresponding to the upper surface of the height controlling convex portion 450 in a region where the fine irregularities 460 are not formed on the surface of the cover 303. Is different.
- the concave portion 309 By providing the concave portion 309 in a portion corresponding to the upper surface of the height control convex portion 450, the thickness of the cover 303 in this portion is reduced, and the transmittance in this portion is larger than that in the laser welded portion 390. Thereby, the contrast between the height control convex portion 450 and the laser contact portion increases.
- Addition of inorganic substances such as glass fibers, glass flakes and specially shaped glass to the polymer material can improve the dimensional stability during molding and aging.
- the amount of inorganic substance added is usually about 20% to 50%.
- the amount of an inorganic substance such as a glass material is increased, the transmittance of the laser light L is deteriorated. Therefore, in consideration of dimensional stability and laser transmission, the amount of inorganic material added to the front and back covers 303 and 304 is preferably about 20 to 30%.
- a coloring material such as carbon black is mixed in the resin material of the housing 302 for laser welding.
- the resin material of the housing 302 need not be considered in terms of discoloration, transmittance, and color.
- the housing 302 needs to be less deformed in long-term use than the front and back covers 303 and 304. Therefore, it is desirable that the housing 302 and the front / back covers 303 and 304 satisfy the following conditions with respect to the addition ratio of the inorganic substance.
- Addition ratio of inorganic substance to thermoplastic resin constituting housing 302 ⁇ Addition ratio of inorganic substance to thermoplastic resin constituting covers 303 and 304
- a crystalline thermoplastic resin has a lower crystallinity and a higher transmittance as the mold temperature during molding is lower.
- the resin material for the front and back covers 303 and 304 is preferably set to a low mold temperature that satisfies the conditions of transmittance and color.
- the resin material of the housing 302 desirably has a high crystallinity. Therefore, it is desirable that the housing 302 and the front and back covers 303 and 304 satisfy the following conditions with respect to the degree of crystallinity. Crystallinity of thermoplastic resin constituting housing 302> Crystallinity of thermoplastic resin constituting covers 303 and 304
- the crystalline resin forming the front and back covers 303, 304 and the housing 302 various additives such as antioxidants, ultraviolet absorbers, heat stabilizers, surfactants, lubricants, crystallization nuclei, A flame retardant may be added.
- various additives such as antioxidants, ultraviolet absorbers, heat stabilizers, surfactants, lubricants, crystallization nuclei, A flame retardant may be added.
- the front and back covers 303 and 304 do not contain a material that affects the decrease in transmittance as much as possible.
- the housing 302 preferably contains a colorant that absorbs the laser light L, such as carbon black.
- the resin material of the front and back covers 303 and 304 and the resin material of the housing 302 do not contain a release material component.
- polystyrene PS
- AS acrylonitrile styrene
- ABS acrylonitrile butadiene styrene copolymer
- PMMA methyl methyl methacrylate
- COP cycloolefin polymer
- COC cycloolefin copolymer
- PC polycarbonate
- modified polyphenylene ether As an alloy material as an amorphous resin to be added to the resin constituting the housing 302, in addition to an alloy material to be added to the front and back covers 303 and 304, modified polyphenylene ether (mPPE) and polyether having a higher glass transition temperature Examples thereof include imide (PEI), polyarylate (PAR), polysulfone (PSF), and polyethersulfone (PES).
- PEI imide
- PAR polyarylate
- PSF polysulfone
- PES polyethersulfone
- At least one type of alloy material as an amorphous resin to be added to the front and back covers 303 and 304, but not only one type but also other alloy materials containing crystallinity are added. It may be included. The same applies to the housing 302.
- the side walls 391 to 396 for forming the auxiliary passage to the flow rate detection unit 436 are formed on the front and back surfaces of the housing 302, and the upper surface and the front and back surfaces of the side walls 391 to 396 are formed.
- Covers 303 and 304 were welded by laser welding.
- a height control convex portion 450 is provided on one of the housing 302 and the front and back covers 303 and 304 to suppress the sinking of the housing or cover during welding. For this reason, according to each embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to reduce the curing time of the adhesive in the case of bonding with an adhesive and the use cost of the adhesive, and to increase the efficiency and cost of the bonding. At the same time, sinking of the cover 303 can be suppressed, and variations in flow rate detection can be reduced.
- the front and back covers 303 and 304 and the housing 302 are illustrated as being welded by laser.
- the present invention can be applied not only to laser welding but also to other welding such as thermal welding, vibration welding, and ultrasonic welding.
- thermoplastic resin in addition to the above, polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyoxymethylene (POM), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) ), Polyether ether ketone (PEEK), liquid crystal polymer (LCP), and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
- PE polyethylene
- PP polypropylene
- POM polyoxymethylene
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PTT polytrimethylene terephthalate
- PEN polyethylene naphthalate
- PEEK Polyether ether ketone
- LCP liquid crystal polymer
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- thermoplastic resin containing a special additive such as an inorganic material such as glass fiber together with the alloy material is also a target.
- a thermoplastic resin not only a thermoplastic resin but also a thermosetting resin such as an epoxy or acrylic resin having a relatively high transmittance can be used.
- a part of the first to twelfth embodiments can be modified and applied within the scope of the present invention.
- a part of the first to twelfth embodiments may be combined with each other.
- the sinking of the cover during welding is suppressed. What is necessary is just to provide the convex part for height control in one side of a housing or a cover.
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Abstract
Description
<内燃機関制御システムに本発明の流量センサを使用した一実施の形態>
図1は、電子燃料噴射方式の内燃機関制御システムに、本発明に係る流量センサを使用した一実施の形態を示す、システム図である。エンジンシリンダ112とエンジンピストン114を備える内燃機関110の動作に基づき、吸入空気が被計測気体30としてエアクリーナ122から吸入され、主通路124である例えば吸気ボディ、スロットルボディ126、吸気マニホールド128を介してエンジンシリンダ112の燃焼室に導かれる。燃焼室に導かれる吸入空気である被計測気体30の流量は本発明に係る流量センサ300で計測される。計測された流量に基づいて燃料噴射弁152より燃料が供給され、吸入空気である被計測気体30と共に混合気の状態で燃焼室に導かれる。流量センサ300は、典型的には、被計測気体との間で熱伝達を行うことにより副通路を流れる被計測気体の状態を計測する熱式流量センサである。
図2および図3は、流量センサ300の外観を示す図であり、図2(A)は流量センサ300の左側面図、図2(B)は正面図、図3(A)は右側面図、図3(B)は背面図である。
流量センサ300は、ハウジング302と表カバー303と裏カバー304とから構成される筐体301を備えている。ハウジング302と表カバー303、およびハウジング302と裏カバー304とは、レーザ照射により溶着されている。溶着に関する構造及び方法については後述する。ハウジング302は、流量センサ300を主通路124である吸気ボディに固定するためのフランジ312と、外部機器との電気的な接続を行うための外部端子を有する外部接続部305と、流量等を計測するための計測部310を備えている。
熱式の流量センサ300から表カバー303および裏カバー304を取り外したハウジング302の状態を図4および図5に示す。図4(A)はハウジング302の左側面図であり、図4(B)はハウジング302の正面図であり、図5(A)はハウジング302の右側面図であり、図5(B)はハウジング302の背面図である。
ハウジング302はフランジ312から計測部310が主通路124の中心方向に延びる構造を成しており、その先端側に副通路を形成するための副通路溝306、307が設けられている。副通路溝306の先端には副通路の入口350を形成するための入口溝351が形成され、副通路溝307の先端には副通路の出口352を形成するための出口溝353が形成されている。入口溝351が、ハウジング302の先端部に設けられているので、主通路124の内壁面から離れた部分の気体を、言い換えると主通路124の中央部分に近い部分を流れている気体を被計測気体30として入口350から取り込むことができる。
図9は、図4(B)のIX-IX線断面の一部を示す図である。
半導体素子で構成される流量検出素子602は、主通路124から取り込まれて、副通路を流れる被計測気体30との間で熱伝達を行うことにより、被計測気体30の流量を計測する素子である。
被計測気体30の流量を計測する流量検出素子602には、流量検出素子の流量検出領域(熱伝達面)437にダイヤフラムが形成されるように裏面に空隙674が形成されている。ダイヤフラム672の表面には、被計測気体30と熱のやり取りを行い、これによって流量を計測するための素子が設けられている。
ダイヤフラム672は各素子間の熱伝達を抑制するために非常に薄く作られていて、流量検出素子602の裏面に空隙674を成形することにより薄肉化が図られている。この空隙674を密閉すると温度変化により、ダイヤフラム672の裏面に形成されている空隙674の圧力が温度に基づき変化する。空隙674とダイヤフラム672の表面との圧力差が大きくなると、ダイヤフラム672が圧力を受けて歪を生じ、高精度の計測が困難となる。このため、プレート532には外部に開口する開口438に繋がる孔520と、空隙674に連通する孔521と、孔520、521を介して空隙674と外部とを繋ぐ通気通路676が設けられている。
回路パッケージ400をハウジング302にインサート成形する二次モールド成形の際、端子接続部320がハウジング302に一体成形される。回路パッケージ400の接続端子412と外部接続部305の外部端子内端361とは、二次モールド成形の後、配線を溶接や半田付けなどで接合される。
なお、図4(B)には、スリット372の中央部と、回路パッケージ400の下端部と表側副通路内側壁392の上端部の間との2箇所に高さ制御用凸部450が図示されているが、後述する如く、高さ制御用凸部450は表・裏カバー303、304に形成することもできる。高さ制御用凸部450については、後述する。
図6の左部分が裏側の副通路溝307の終端部であり、右側部分が表側の副通路溝306の始端部分である。
上述した通り、回路パッケージ400の周囲は、空洞部382となっている。入口350から取り込まれ、裏側の副通路溝307を流れた被計測気体30は、図6の左側から導かれる。被計測気体30の一部は、回路パッケージ400の空洞部382の上流側を介して、回路パッケージ400の計測用流路面430の表面と表カバー303に設けられた絞り部356との間の上部側流路を流れる。また、被計測気体30の残りは、回路パッケージ400の計測用流路面430とは反対側の面と裏カバー304との間の下部側流路の方を流れる。被計測気体30中に含まれる質量の小さい空気の一部は、計測用流路面430の表面と表カバー303の間の絞り部356の間の上部側流路を流れる。質量の大きい異物は慣性力によって急激な進路変更が困難なため、計測用流路面430とは反対側の面と裏カバー304との間の下部側流路を流れる。
図7は、表カバーの外観を示す図であり、図7(A)は左側面図、図7(B)は正面図、図7(C)は平面図である。また、図8は、裏カバーの外観を示す図であり、図8(A)は左側面図、図8(B)は正面図、図8(C)は平面図である。
図2および図3において、表カバー303および裏カバー304はハウジング302の副通路溝306、307を塞ぐことにより、副通路を形成する。また、表カバー303には、表側副通路外側壁391と表側副通路内側壁392とにより挟まれる部分の回路パッケージ400に対面する位置に絞り部356が設けられている。絞り部356は、上部側流路の絞りの機能を有しており、流路の上流側に対向する側が流路の下流側に対向する側よりも緩やかな傾斜面とされた三角形状を有する。絞り部356は、この形状により、被計測気体30に生じている渦を減少させ、層流に生じさせる作用をする。
表カバー303および裏カバー304には、保護部322が成形されている。図2や図3に示すように、被計測気体30の温度検出部452への入口343の表側側面に表カバー303に設けられた表側の保護部322が配置され、また入口343の裏側側面に、裏カバー304に設けられた裏側の保護部322が配置されている。保護部322は、生産中および搬送時において、温度検出部452が他の部材に接触、衝突すること等により機械的な損傷を受けるのを防止する。
また、表カバー303及び裏カバー304には、レーザ溶着時の初期の位置合わせ用に挿入孔326が設けられている。この挿入孔326を基準に、図4(B)及び図5(B)で示したハウジング302に形成した突き出しピン324にセットすることで初期の位置合わせが可能となる。
本発明の流量センサ300の主な特徴の一つは、ハウジング302と表カバー303、およびハウジング302と裏カバー304とをレーザ照射により溶着して筐体301を構成する点にある。
以下に、レーザ照射により、ハウジング302と表カバー303、およびハウジング302と裏カバー304とを溶着する方法について説明する。
レーザ溶着は、光透過樹脂と光吸収樹脂を重ね合わせた状態で、光透過樹脂を介して接合部へレーザ照射して光吸収樹脂を溶融させ、さらに、光透過樹脂まで溶融させ、互いの樹脂同士を接合する方法である。レーザ溶着に用いる光源は、半導体レーザ、YAGレーザ、ファイバーレーザを含めた800nm~1100nmの赤外領域の波長を有するレーザがコスト面では有効であるが、樹脂の吸収に応じて、その他の波長を有するレーザを用いても良い。
初めに、ハウジング302を所定の位置にセットし、ハウジング302上に形成した突き出しピン324上に、カバー303、304に形成した挿入孔326を基準に、位置合わせの調整を行い、カバー303、304をハウジング上に精度良く配置する。その後、ハウジング302にカバー303、304が密着するように、ガラスやアクリル樹脂などの透明な加圧材でカバー303、304を加圧する。加圧力は、0.1MPa以上としておくことが望ましい。この状態で、レーザ照射をして、レーザ溶着する。
本発明の流量センサ300のレーザ溶着部390(図10参照)は、長さが20cm以上と大きい。このため、材料が例え熱伝導率の低い熱可塑性樹脂であったとしても、ある箇所をレーザ照射している最中に他の離れた溶着部分は沈み込まないと考えられた。しかし、実際には、例えば20cmを10s以内で溶着した場合において、レーザ照射している部分のみならず他の部分まで含め表・裏カバー303、304全体が沈み込んだ。しかも、沈み込み量はサンプル毎に異なるものであった。これによって、流量センサ300の特性がばらつくという新たな課題が生じた。
図10は、表カバー303とハウジング302とをレーザを照射して溶着(以下、レーザ溶着という)するレーザ溶着部390及び高さ制御用凸部450の配置構造を説明するための平面図の一例である。なお、以下においては、表カバー303とハウジング302とのレーザ溶着の場合で説明するが、裏カバー304とハウジング302とのレーザ溶着についても同様である。
ハウジング302に設けられた表側副通路外側壁391、表側副通路内側壁392および表側上部側壁393の各上面が表カバー303とのレーザ溶着部390となる。
表カバー303もしくはハウジング302のいずれかに高さ制御用凸部450が設けられている。図10に図示の例では、高さ制御用凸部450は、スリット372の中央部、および回路パッケージ400の下端部と表側副通路内側壁392の上端部との間の2箇所に設けられている。流量検出部436と表カバー303の絞り部356との間における沈み込みを防止し、流量検出部436と絞り部356との間隔を一定値に確保するためには、高さ制御用凸部450を、このように、少なくとも流量検出部436の対向する側方の両側に設けることが望ましい。
図11(A)では、高さ制御用凸部450を、表カバー303に設けた構造として例示している。
表カバー303の内面に設けられた高さ制御用凸部450の高さH2は、レーザ溶着前において、ハウジング302の表側副通路内側壁392の高さH1よりも小さい。表側副通路内側壁392の高さH1と高さ制御用凸部450の高さH2との差(H1-H2)は、例えば、50μmm~100μm程度に設定しておくことが望ましい。
なお、以下の説明においては、表側副通路内側壁392を、単に側壁392といい、表カバー303を単にカバー303という。
側壁392の上面に接するカバー303の領域に向けて、レーザ光Lを複数回、照射することで、ハウジング302の側壁392の上部側が溶融し、カバー303側に潜り込む。カバー303に形成された高さ制御用凸部450の下面がハウジング302の基底部311の上面に密着する。
なお、高さ制御用凸部450を形成した場合でも、レーザ光Lを照射し続けることにより、レーザ溶着部390は沈み込み続ける。そのため、高さ制御用凸部450は、副通路の内部に設け、流量検出部436と絞り部356との間隙により形成される流路の高さのばらつきを低減するようにする必要がある。
つまり、レーザ光Lを複数回照射すると、高さ制御用凸部450の高さH2よりも溶着箇所の吸収樹脂である側壁392の潜り込み境界面397の基底部311の上面からの最高高さH3の方が大きい状態となっている。
したがって、高さ制御用凸部450を設けることにより、副通路の高さが所定値に制御可能となり、流量センサ300の特性変化が安定化される。これと共に、カバー303の樹脂とハウジング302の樹脂の相溶性が向上し、ハウジング302の樹脂がカバー303の樹脂へ潜り込み、これにより、溶着強度が増大する。また、ハウジング302の樹脂がカバー303の樹脂に潜り込むことにより、亀裂の進展を抑制する経路長が長くなるため、強度が向上し、レーザ溶着部390の信頼性も向上する。
本発明の一実施の形態によれば、下記の効果を奏する。
(1)ハウジング302の表・裏面に、流量検出部436への副通路を構成するための側壁391~396を形成し、各側壁391~396の上面と表・裏カバー303、304とをレーザ溶着により溶着した。このため、接着剤による場合の硬化時間や、接着剤の使用コストを削減し、また、接着剤のはみ出し面積の検討や、接着剤の量の制御をする必要が無くなり、組付けの能率化および低コスト化を図ることができる。
図12は、本発明の実施形態2であり、高さ制御用凸部450の配置構造を示す平面図である。
図12に図示された実施形態2の流量センサ300では、高さ制御用凸部450は、流量検出部436の近傍に、3箇所設けられている。すなわち、高さ制御用凸部450は、スリット372の両側、および回路パッケージ400の下端部と表側副通路内側壁392の上端部との間の3箇所に設けられている。高さ制御用凸部450を、流量検出部436を囲うように3箇所設けることで、カバー303の絞り部356と流量検出部436との隙間寸法の安定性を一層向上することができる。
実施形態2においても、実施形態1と同様の効果を奏する。
実施形態2における他の構成は、実施形態1と同様であり、対応する部材に同一の符号を付して説明を省略する。
図13は、本発明の実施形態3であり、高さ制御用凸部の配置構造を示す平面図である。
図13に図示された実施形態3の流量センサ300では、高さ制御用凸部450は、流量検出部436の近傍に、3箇所設けられている。すなわち、高さ制御用凸部450は、スリット372の両側に隣接する表側副通路外側壁391、および回路パッケージ400の下端部と表側副通路内側壁392の上端部との間の3箇所に設けられている。
実施形態3では、スリット372の両側に形成された一対の高さ制御用凸部450の距離が、実施形態2に示されたスリット372の両側に形成された一対の高さ制御用凸部450の距離よりも大きいので、カバー303の絞り部356と流量検出部436との隙間寸法の安定性がより向上する。
実施形態3における他の構成は、実施形態1と同様であり、対応する部材に同一の符号を付して説明を省略する。
実施形態3においても、実施形態1と同様の効果を奏する。
図14は、本発明の実施形態4であり、高さ制御用凸部450の配置構造を示す平面図である。
図14に示す実施形態4では、回路パッケージ400の下端部と表側副通路内側壁392の上端部との間に設けられた高さ制御用凸部450の他、表側副通路外側壁391の内面に沿って、副通路溝306内に複数個設けられた高さ制御用凸部450を備えている。
本発明の流量センサ300は構造が複雑であり、ハウジング302に使用する材料によっては、副通路溝306の出口352や副通路溝307の入口350に対応する部分の反りが他の箇所に比べて、大きくなる傾向になる。つまり、ハウジング302の側壁392の高さH1と高さ制御用凸部450の高さH2の差(H1-H2)が場所によって大きく変化する。
なお、図14では、表側副通路外側壁391の内面に沿って、副通路溝306内に形成した高さ制御用凸部450のうち、最も出口溝353に近いものを、他と異なる高さの高さ制御用凸部450aとして例示した。しかし、出口溝353に近い複数個を、他と異なる高さの高さ制御用凸部450aとしてもよい。
実施形態4における他の構成は、実施形態1と同様であり、対応する部材に同一の符号を付して説明を省略する。
実施形態4においても、実施形態1と同様の効果を奏する。
図15は、本発明の実施形態5であり、高さ制御用凸部450の配置構造を示す平面図である。
図15に示す実施形態5では、高さ制御用凸部450は、回路パッケージ400の下端部と表側副通路内側壁392の上端部との間の他、表側副通路外側壁391および表側副通路内側壁392に沿って、副通路溝306内に連続的に設けられている。連続的に形成された高さ制御用凸部450は、実施形態1~4において示した、回路パッケージ400の下端部と表側副通路内側壁392の上端部との間に形成した部分を含んでいる。
実施形態5においても、高さ制御用凸部450の高さH2を、漸次、低減または増加するように変化させてもよい。
実施形態5における他の構成は、実施形態1と同様であり、対応する部材に同一の符号を付して説明を省略する。
なお、ハウジング302の裏面側においても、実施形態1~5に示した表面側における高さ制御用凸部450の配置構造を適用することが可能である。
実施形態5においても、実施形態4と同様の効果を奏する。
図16は、本発明の実施形態6であり、高さ制御用凸部450の配置構造を示す平面図である。図16に示す実施形態6は、ハウジング302の裏面側における高さ制御用凸部の配置構造を示す。
図16に図示された流量センサ300では、高さ制御用凸部450は、裏側副通路外側壁394および裏側副通路内側壁395の内面に沿って、副通路溝307内に連続的に設けられている。連続的に形成された高さ制御用凸部450は、回路パッケージ400の下端部と裏側副通路内側壁395の上端部との間の領域も通過して形成されている。複数の高さ制御用凸部450を離間して設けるようにしてもよい。
実施形態6における他の構成は、実施形態1と同様であり、対応する部材に同一の符号を付して説明を省略する。
実施形態6においても、実施形態1と同様の効果を奏する。
図17は、本発明の実施形態7を示し、ハウジングとカバーとのレーザ溶着に関する図であり、図17(A)は溶着前の断面図、図17(B)は溶着後の断面図である。
実施形態1に示す流量センサ300では、高さ制御用凸部450を表・裏カバー303、304に形成する構造であった。これに対し、実施形態7に示す流量センサ300では、高さ制御用凸部450をハウジング302に形成した構造とされている。
レーザ溶着の場合、表・裏カバー303、304は、その透過率が高いことが望ましい。
しかしながら、高さ制御用凸部450を有する表・裏カバー303、304を成形する構造は、高さ制御用凸部450周縁部における樹脂の流動が悪くなり、レーザ溶着に相当する部分の表裏カバー303、304の透過率が悪くなることもある。また、ばらつきも発生しやすい。例えば、PBTやPPSのような比較的透過率が低い材料の場合、そのようなことが顕著に起こる。
実施形態7においても、側壁392の上面に接するカバー303の領域に向けて、レーザ光Lを複数回、照射することで、図17(B)に図示するように、ハウジング302の側壁392の上部側が溶融し、カバー303側に潜り込む。また、ハウジング302の基底部311に形成された高さ制御用凸部450の上面がカバー303の内面に密着する。
よって、実施形態7においても、実施形態1と同様の効果を奏する。
実施形態7における他の構成は、実施形態1と同様であり、対応する部材に同一の符号を付して説明を省略する。
図18は、本発明の実施形態8を示すものであり、ハウジングとカバーとのレーザ溶着に関する図であり、図18(A)は溶着前の断面図、図18(B)は溶着後の断面図である。
図18に図示された実施形態8においても、実施形態7と同様、流量センサ300は、高さ制御用凸部450をハウジング302に形成した構造とされている。実施形態8と実施形態7との相違点は、実施形態8では、表・裏カバー303、304に側壁392および高さ制御用凸部450を収容する凹部308を設けた点である。なお、以下では、表・裏カバー303、304を代表して、カバー303として説明する。
実施形態8では、カバー303の内面に、凹部308が形成されている。凹部308は、側壁392および高さ制御用凸部450を収容する面積を有し、レーザ光Lの照射前では、凹部308の底面に側壁392の上面が接触している。高さ制御用凸部450の上面は、凹部308の底面から離間している。図18では、側壁392および高さ制御用凸部450は、側面が傾斜面とされているが、側面は傾斜面でなくてもよい。
側壁392の高さH1と高さ制御用凸部450の高さH2との関係、および側壁392の幅Aと、側壁392と高さ制御用凸部450との距離Bとの関係は実施形態1と同様である。
実施形態8における他の構成は、実施形態1と同様であり、対応する部材に同一の符号を付して説明を省略する。
実施形態8においても、実施形態1と同様の効果を奏する。
カバー303とハウジング302の各側壁391~396とが確実にレーザ溶着されているか否かを外観検査により確認する方法について説明する。
ハウジング302の各側壁391~396の上面と表・裏カバー303、304とをレーザ溶着した後、溶着した部分をカメラで撮像し、画像処理により、各側壁391~396の上面とカバー303とが溶着されているか否かを判断する。表・裏カバー303、304は光透過性樹脂により形成され、ハウジング302は光吸収性樹脂により形成されているので、レーザ溶着が正常に行われた部分の輝度は低くなる。側壁392の上面とカバー303との間に隙間が有れば、その部分の輝度は高くなる。レーザ溶着が正常に行われた場合、レーザ溶着部390の全長に亘るコントラストはほぼ一様である。しかし、レーザ溶着不良個所があると、レーザ溶着部390の全長において、コントラストが一様でなくなるので、溶着不良個所を検出することができる。
カバー303の樹脂材を、L*a*b*表色系にしたがって、明度L*、彩度C*=[(a*)2+(b*)2]1/2 を測定して判断する。表・裏カバー303、304におけるレーザ溶着する部分の色彩が、明度L*<75および彩度C*<10であれば、450~1100nmの波長域での平均の透過率が35%以上と同等であることが確認された。
実施形態1~8において、表・裏カバー303、304として、上記の透過率、明度L*および彩度C*の樹脂材を用いれば、画像処理による外観検査を行うことができる。
しかし、高さ制御用凸部450と表・裏カバー303、304との密着力が小さい場合、外観検査に必要なコントラスト(他の箇所との白黒の差)が得にくくなる場合もある。
以下に、レーザ溶着部におけるコントラストを大きくする実施形態を示す。
図19は、本発明の実施形態9であり、レーザ照射によるハウジングと表カバーとの溶着後の断面図である。
図19に示す実施形態9では、カバー303のレーザ光Lの照射面側に微細凹凸460が形成されている点で、実施形態8と相違する。
微細凹凸460は、側壁392と高さ制御用凸部450とを収容する凹部308とほぼ同じ位置かつほぼ同じ面積には形成されていない。つまり、カバー303における側壁392の上面から高さ制御用凸部450の上面までの領域には、微細凹凸460は形成されていない。カバー303の微細凹凸460が形成されている部分では、レーザ光Lが反射するので、微細凹凸460が形成されていない領域とのコントラストを大きくすることができる。
実施形態9における他の構成は、実施形態8と同様であり、対応する部材に同一の符号を付して説明を省略する。
実施形態9においても、実施形態8と同様の効果を奏する。
図20は、本発明の実施形態10であり、ハウジングと表カバーとのレーザ溶着後の断面図である。
図20に示す実施形態10では、カバー303の内面、換言すれば、ハウジング302との対面側にも微細凹凸461が形成されている点で、実施形態9と相違する。
微細凹凸461は、凹部308の外側のみでなく、凹部308の底面にも形成されている。
但し、凹部308内では、レーザ溶着に支障が生じないように、側壁392の上面および高さ制御用凸部450の上面に対応する部分には微細凹凸461は形成されていない。実施形態10によれば、側壁392の上面および高さ制御用凸部450の上面と、それらの周囲とのコントラスト差をさらに向上することができる。
図21は、本発明の実施形態11であり、表カバーのレーザ溶着部390以外の部分に設けられた微細な凹凸を説明するための平面図である。
図21は、図19に示す微細凹凸460を、凹部308に対応する領域を除くカバー303の表面の全面に形成したものである。このようにすることで、外観検査時におけるコントラスト差を増加するだけでなく、搬送時などに発生する傷なども目立ち難くすることができる。
図22は、本発明の実施形態12であり、ハウジングと表カバーとのレーザ溶着後の断面図である。
図22に示す実施形態12は、カバー303の表面における微細凹凸460が形成されていない領域内で、高さ制御用凸部450の上面に対応する部分に凹部309を設けた点で実施形態11と相違する。
高さ制御用凸部450の上面に対応する部分に凹部309を設けることにより、この部分のカバー303の厚さが薄くなり、この部分における透過率がレーザ溶着部390の部分よりも大きくなる。これにより、高さ制御用凸部450とレーザ密着部とのコントラストが大きくなる。
実施形態12における他の構成は、実施形態10と同様であり、対応する部材に同一の符号を付して説明を省略する。
実施形態12においても、実施形態1と同様の効果を奏する。
次に、ハウジング302および表・裏カバー303、304の樹脂材料に関して説明する。
流量センサ300では、長期的な使用で、ハウジング302や表・裏カバー303、304の変形が発生し、通路の特性が変化し、流量検出のばらつきが大きくなる。表・裏カバー303、304とハウジング302とは溶着されているため、変形に関しては、剛性の大きいハウジング302の影響が大きい。このため、ハウジング302に含有させるアロイ材の耐熱性を、表・裏カバー303、304より高くする必要がある。
つまり、下記の条件を満たすことが望ましい。
ハウジング302に含有するアロイ材のガラス転移温度≧表・裏カバー303、304に含有するアロイ材のガラス転移温度
ハウジング302を構成する熱可塑性樹脂の弾性率>表・裏カバー303、304を構成する熱可塑性樹脂の弾性率
表カバー303の結晶化度>裏カバー304の結晶化度
上記において、結晶化度とは、高分子が規則正しく配列する結晶状態と、高分子が糸玉状になったり絡まったりして存在する非晶状態とに分かれている状態において、結晶部分の割合を結晶化度と呼び、(結晶化度)=(結晶領域部分)÷(結晶領域部分と非晶領域部分との和)と定義される。
表カバー303に含まれるアロイ材のガラス転移温度>裏カバー304に含まれるアロイ材のガラス転移温度
そこで、ハウジング302と表・裏カバー303、304とは無機物の添加割合に関し、下記の条件を満足することが望ましい。
ハウジング302を構成する熱可塑性樹脂への無機物の添加割合≧カバー303、304を構成する熱可塑性樹脂への無機物の添加割合
従って、ハウジング302と表・裏カバー303、304とは結晶化度に関して、下記の条件を満足することが望ましい。
ハウジング302を構成する熱可塑性樹脂の結晶化度>カバー303、304を構成する熱可塑性樹脂の結晶化度
このため、本発明の各実施形態によれば、接着剤による接合の場合の接着剤の硬化時間や、接着剤の使用コストを削減し、接合の効率化および低コスト化を図ることができ、また、これと共に、カバー303の沈み込みを抑制し、流量検出のばらつきを小さくすることができる。
また、上記した熱可塑性樹脂は、アロイ材としての非結晶性の熱可塑性樹脂としても用いることができる。アロイ材と共に、ガラスファイバーなどの無機物等の特殊な添加剤を含んだ熱可塑性樹脂も対象となる。また、主材料として、熱可塑性樹脂のみならず、透過率が比較的高いエポキシ系やアクリル系などの熱硬化樹脂を用いることができる。
要は、ハウジングに設けられた側壁の上面にカバーを溶着した流量センサにおいて、少なくともハウジング内に収容された流量検出部の周囲における側壁の近傍に、溶着時におけるカバーの沈み込みを抑制するための高さ制御用凸部を、ハウジングまたはカバーの一方に設けたものであればよい。
日本国特許出願2013年第235867号(2013年11月14日出願)
301 筐体
302 ハウジング
303 表カバー(カバー)
304 裏カバー
306、307 副通路溝
308、309 凹部
310 計測部
311 基底部
322 保護部
350 入口
351 入口溝
352 出口
353 出口溝
356 絞り部
372 スリット
376 固定部
380、381 突起部
382 空洞部
390 レーザ溶着部
391 表側副通路外側壁
392 表側副通路内側壁(側壁)
393 表側上部側壁
394 裏側副通路外側壁
395 裏側副通路内側壁
396 裏側上部側壁
397 潜り込み境界面
398 樹脂ばり
400 回路パッケージ
430 計測用流路面
436 流量検出部
450、450a 高さ制御用凸部
452 温度検出部
460、461 微細凹凸
602 流量検出素子
Claims (20)
- 樹脂材料により形成され、基底部と側壁とを有し、少なくとも一面側が開口されたハウジングと、
樹脂材料により形成され、前記ハウジングの前記一面側を覆い、前記ハウジングの前記側壁の上面に溶着され、前記ハウジングの前記基底部と前記側壁とにより、主通路から取り込まれる被計測気体が流れる副通路を形成するカバーと、
前記副通路内に配置された流量検出部とを備え、
少なくとも前記流量検出部の周囲における前記側壁の近傍に、溶着時における前記カバーの沈み込みを抑制するための高さ制御用凸部を、前記ハウジングまたは前記カバーの一方に設けた、流量センサ。 - 請求項1に記載の流量センサにおいて、
前記流量検出部は、プレートと、前記プレート上に搭載された流量検出素子とを備える回路パッケージとして構成されており、
前記高さ制御用凸部は、前記回路パッケージの少なくとも一端部と、前記側壁における前記回路パッケージの前記一端部に対向する部分との間に設けられている、流量センサ。 - 請求項2に記載の流量センサにおいて、
前記回路パッケージは、インサート成形により前記ハウジングと一体に形成され、
前記高さ制御用凸部は、前記回路パッケージの前記一端部の周囲における複数個所に形成されている、流量センサ。 - 請求項3に記載の流量センサにおいて、
前記高さ制御用凸部は、少なくとも前記回路パッケージの前記一端部の周囲の3箇所に設けられている、流量センサ。 - 請求項2に記載の流量センサにおいて、
前記副通路は、前記回路パッケージの周囲における前記基底部が切り欠かれて形成された空洞部を有し、
前記高さ制御用凸部は、前記空洞部の周囲の一部に沿って連続状に設けられている、流量センサ。 - 請求項1に記載の流量センサにおいて、
前記カバーは、前記ハウジングの前記一面側を覆う表カバーと、前記ハウジングの他面側を覆う裏カバーとを備え、
前記高さ制御用凸部は、前記表カバーまたは前記ハウジングの一方と、前記裏カバーまたは前記ハウジングの一方とに設けられている、流量センサ。 - 請求項6に記載の流量センサにおいて、
前記流量検出部には、被計測気体と接触する計測用流路面が前記表カバーと対面する側に設けられており、前記表カバーを構成する樹脂材料中に、前記裏カバーを構成する樹脂材料に含まれるアロイ材のガラス転移温度よりもガラス転移点が高いアロイ材が含まれている、流量センサ。 - 請求項1に記載の流量センサにおいて、
前記流量検出部は、プレートと、前記プレート上に搭載された流量検出素子とを備える回路パッケージとして構成されており、
前記副通路は、前記回路パッケージの周囲における前記基底部が切り欠かれて形成された空洞部を有し、
前記側壁は、被計測気体を取り込む入口または被計測気体を排気する出口と、前記空洞部との間に湾曲部を有し、
前記高さ制御用凸部は、さらに、前記側壁の前記湾曲部に設けられている、流量センサ。 - 請求項8に記載の流量センサにおいて、
前記高さ制御用凸部は、前記側壁の前記湾曲部に沿って連続して設けられている、流量センサ。 - 請求項8に記載の流量センサにおいて、
前記側壁の前記湾曲部に複数の前記高さ制御用凸部が設けられており、
前記側壁の前記湾曲部に設けられた複数の前記高さ制御用凸部のうち、少なくとも1つは、前記側壁の前記湾曲部に設けられた他の前記高さ制御用凸部または前記空洞部の周囲に設けられた前記高さ制御用凸部とは異なる高さに形成されている、流量センサ。 - 請求項1乃至10のいずれか1項に記載の流量センサにおいて、
前記高さ制御用凸部は、前記カバーと前記側壁とを溶着するときに形成された樹脂ばりとの間に隙間を有するように設けられている、流量センサ。 - 請求項1に記載の流量センサにおいて、
前記高さ制御用凸部は、前記ハウジングと前記カバーとの潜り込み境界面よりも低い位置に設定されている、流量センサ。 - 請求項1に記載の流量センサにおいて、
前記高さ制御用凸部は、前記ハウジングに設けられており、
前記カバーには、前記側壁と前記高さ制御用凸部とが収容された凹部が形成されている、流量センサ。 - 請求項1に記載の流量センサにおいて、
前記カバーの溶着部の周囲に、前記カバーの前記溶着部よりも表面粗さが大きい凹凸が形成されている、流量センサ。 - 請求項1に記載の流量センサにおいて、
前記カバーにおける、少なくとも前記側壁との溶着部に対向する部分および前記高さ制御用凸部に対向する部分は、450nm~1100nmの波長光に対する平均透過率が35%以上である、流量センサ。 - 請求項1に記載の流量センサにおいて、
前記カバーにおける、少なくとも前記側壁との溶着部に対向する部分および前記高さ制御用凸部に対向する部分は、L*a*b*表色系において、明度L*が75以下、彩度C*が10以下である、流量センサ。 - 請求項1に記載の流量センサにおいて、
前記カバーが結晶性樹脂により形成され、かつ、非結晶性のアロイ材を含有する、流量センサ。 - 請求項1に記載の流量センサにおいて、
前記カバーおよび前記ハウジングがアロイ材を含む樹脂材料により形成され、前記ハウジングに含まれる前記アロイ材のガラス転移温度が前記カバーに含まれるアロイ材のガラス転移温度よりも高い、流量センサ。 - 請求項1に記載の流量センサにおいて、
前記カバーの樹脂材料中に、前記ハウジングの樹脂材料中に含まれるガラス材の含有量以下のガラス材が含まれている、流量センサ。 - 請求項1に記載の流量センサにおいて、
前記ハウジングを構成する樹脂材料の結晶化度は、前記カバーを構成する樹脂材料の結晶化度よりも大きい、流量センサ。
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CN201480055349.3A CN105612409B (zh) | 2013-11-14 | 2014-11-04 | 流量传感器 |
JP2015547736A JP6209224B2 (ja) | 2013-11-14 | 2014-11-04 | 流量センサ |
EP14861709.5A EP3070442B1 (en) | 2013-11-14 | 2014-11-04 | Flowrate sensor |
US15/027,564 US9778085B2 (en) | 2013-11-14 | 2014-11-04 | Flow sensor with a protruding portion for height control and a cover for suppressing sinking of the cover during welding |
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US20180058894A1 (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2018-03-01 | Atrex Energy, Inc. | Gas flow sensor housing and assembly providing reduced turbulence |
DE102016222121A1 (de) * | 2016-11-10 | 2018-05-17 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Sensoranordnung zur Bestimmung wenigstens eines Parameters eines durch einen Messkanal strömenden fluiden Mediums |
DE102017206226A1 (de) * | 2017-04-11 | 2018-10-11 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Sensor zur Erfassung mindestens einer Eigenschaft eines fluiden Mediums |
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EP3070442B1 (en) | 2019-09-18 |
JP6209224B2 (ja) | 2017-10-04 |
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US9778085B2 (en) | 2017-10-03 |
EP3070442A1 (en) | 2016-09-21 |
CN105612409A (zh) | 2016-05-25 |
CN105612409B (zh) | 2018-11-23 |
JPWO2015072371A1 (ja) | 2017-03-16 |
US20160252379A1 (en) | 2016-09-01 |
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