CN105610124A - 具有通过ntc到地的自动热关闭的evse手柄 - Google Patents

具有通过ntc到地的自动热关闭的evse手柄 Download PDF

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CN105610124A
CN105610124A CN201510796047.8A CN201510796047A CN105610124A CN 105610124 A CN105610124 A CN 105610124A CN 201510796047 A CN201510796047 A CN 201510796047A CN 105610124 A CN105610124 A CN 105610124A
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凯文·M·杰弗里斯
本杰明·W·爱德华兹
马修·L·怀特
康斯坦丁·A·菲利潘科
理查德·K·韦勒
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Schneider Electric USA Inc
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H5/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection
    • H02H5/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to abnormal temperature
    • H02H5/042—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to abnormal temperature using temperature dependent resistors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/04—Cutting off the power supply under fault conditions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
    • B60L53/16—Connectors, e.g. plugs or sockets, specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
    • B60L53/18—Cables specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/02—Details
    • H02H3/021—Details concerning the disconnection itself, e.g. at a particular instant, particularly at zero value of current, disconnection in a predetermined order
    • H02H3/023—Details concerning the disconnection itself, e.g. at a particular instant, particularly at zero value of current, disconnection in a predetermined order by short-circuiting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H5/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection
    • H02H5/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to abnormal temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/10—Vehicle control parameters
    • B60L2240/36—Temperature of vehicle components or parts
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)

Abstract

本申请涉及具有通过NTC到地的自动热关闭的EVSE手柄。温度传感器(120)响应于在电动车辆充电站(100)的充电手柄(150)中的温度增加而自动关闭充电操作。温度传感器连接在充电手柄中的接地导体和高电压导体(L1)之间。充电手柄包括返回导体(L2或N)。温度传感器包括响应于充电手柄中的温度的增加而改变它的电阻的热敏电阻器(R1-NTC)。在高电压导体中的电流的一部分响应于热敏电阻器对温度增加的感测而被转向到接地导体而不是返回导体，从而使充电站中的接地故障检测器(160)跳闸。

Description

具有通过NTC到地的自动热关闭的EVSE手柄
技术领域
所公开的发明涉及电动车辆供电设备。
背景技术
插电式电动车辆(EV)——包括全电动汽车、社区电动车辆和插电式混合电动车辆——正变成用于个人运输的流行模式，部分地因为它们操作起来较不昂贵并具有减小的碳排放量。也被称为电动车辆供电设备(EVSE)的电动车辆充电站通过标准化接口向EV提供电力。接口由工业标准SAEJ1772定义。接口包括规定的控制信号、接地和高安培电流路径。在第2级交流(AC)充电标准中，EVSE可向所连接的EV提供高达80A充电电流。
高安培电流路径包括在导体之间的多个结。在EVSE的电线组件手柄或充电手柄和EV的插座之间的连接点是引脚和插孔结的例子。EVSE充电手柄的结构通常包括连接电线组件电缆的电线和手柄的引脚的结。
这些多个结表示沿着在EVSE和EV之间的电流路径的电阻加热的机会。例如，在有制造公差、机械老化和接触压力的减小、匹配表面的化学腐蚀或氧化或导致降低的性能的误用和滥用的情况下，在EVSE充电手柄内的电流路径可变得有越来越大的电阻。当手柄在充电操作期间被紧固到EV时，增加的电阻可导致过热和可能熔化充电手柄。
J1772的当前版本不需要在电流路径中的温度的任何监控或基于沿着电流路径的温度增加的任何保护。然而，在有由加热引起的在EVSE电线组件中的结处的降低的性能的可能性的情况下，提供基于温度的保护将是有利的，例如响应于充电手柄中的温度增加而自动关闭充电操作。
对在EVSE充电手柄内的基于温度的保护的当前解决方案需要在温度测量设备和EVSE电子器件之间的额外的专用连接部件。这些包括使用在由J1772标准规定的电线之外的EVSE电线内的额外导体或可选地使用从手柄中的测量设备到EVSE的电子器件的无线数据传输。
发明内容
本发明减小了当手柄在充电操作期间被紧固到EV时过热和可能熔化充电手柄的机会。本发明实现电动车辆充电站或EVSE的充电手柄的基于温度的保护的益处而没有明显的增加的成本或复杂性。本发明利用在EVSE中的现有部件以实现基于温度的保护，而有很少需要或不需要对EVSE控制电子器件的修改和需要对充电手柄的最小修改。
本发明提供在EVSE的充电手柄中的温度传感器。温度传感器响应于在EVSE的充电手柄中的温度增加而自动关闭充电操作。温度传感器被连接在充电手柄中的接地导体和高电压导体之间。充电手柄包括返回导体。温度传感器包括响应于充电手柄中的温度的增加而改变它的电阻的热敏电阻器。在高电压导体中的电流的一部分响应于热敏电阻器对温度增加的感测而被转向到接地导体而不是返回导体，从而使标准接地故障检测器在EVSE中跳闸。
在一个示例实施方式中，温度传感器包括一对串联连接的热敏电阻器和电阻器电路。第一串联连接的热敏电阻器和电阻器电路将高电压导体连接到接地导体。第二串联连接的热敏电阻器和电阻器电路将返回导体连接到接地导体。如果任一热敏电阻器感测到增加的温度并将电流转向到接地导体，则在EVSE中的接地故障检测器被跳闸。
在另一示例实施方式中，温度传感器包括串联连接在控制导频导体和接地导体之间的热敏电阻器和第一电阻器。晶闸管和第二电阻器将高电压导体连接到接地导体。晶闸管的栅极配置成从热敏电阻器接收信号，响应于热敏电阻器对温度的增加的感测而使晶闸管将电流从高电压导体转向。当热敏电阻器感测到增加的温度时，在EVSE中的接地故障检测器从而被跳闸。
在又一示例实施方式中，温度传感器包括一对串联连接的热敏电阻器、二极管和电阻器电路。第一串联连接的热敏电阻器、二极管和电阻器电路将高电压导体连接到接地导体。第二串联连接的热敏电阻器、二极管和电阻器电路将返回导体连接到接地导体。如果任一热敏电阻器感测到增加的温度并将电流转向到接地导体，则在EVSE中的接地故障检测器被跳闸。二极管防止这两个电路中的电流在热敏电阻器电阻相等的情况下彼此抵消。
EVSE利用现有部件而很少需要或不需要对响应于在充电手柄中的温度增加的自动关闭充电操作的修改。在充电手柄内的温度感测在没有明显增加的成本或复杂度和手柄的最小修改的情况下被实现。当手柄在充电操作期间被紧固到EV时过热和可能熔化充电手柄的机会因而减小了。
附图说明
图1A示出具有一对串联连接的热敏电阻器和电阻器电路的温度传感器。第一串联连接的热敏电阻器和电阻器电路将高电压导体连接到接地导体。第二串联连接的热敏电阻器和电阻器电路将返回导体连接到接地导体。如果任一热敏电阻器感测到增加的温度并将电流转向到接地导体，则在EVSE中的接地故障检测器被跳闸。
图1B是对于图1A的温度传感器的所测量的接地电流(mA)、在热敏电阻器中的功率耗散(W)和负温度系数(NTC)热敏电阻器电阻(欧姆)与温度的关系的示例曲线图。
图2A示出具有串联连接在控制导频导体和接地导体之间的热敏电阻器和第一电阻器的温度传感器。晶闸管和第二电阻器将高电压导体连接到接地导体。晶闸管的栅极配置成从热敏电阻器接收信号，响应于热敏电阻器对温度的增加的感测而使晶闸管将电流从高电压导体转向。当热敏电阻器感测到增加的温度时，在EVSE中的接地故障检测器从而被跳闸。
图2B是对于图2A的温度传感器的所测量的接地电流(mA)和负温度系数(NTC)热敏电阻器电阻(欧姆)与温度的关系的示例曲线图。
图3示出具有一对串联连接的热敏电阻器、二极管和电阻器电路的温度传感器。第一串联连接的热敏电阻器、二极管和电阻器电路将高电压导体连接到接地导体。第二串联连接的热敏电阻器、二极管和电阻器电路将返回导体连接到接地导体。如果任一热敏电阻器感测到增加的温度并将电流转向到接地导体，则在EVSE中的接地故障检测器被跳闸。二极管防止这两个电路中的电流在热敏电阻器电阻相等的情况下彼此抵消。
具体的实施方式
图1A示出用于给EV的可再充电电池充电的在私有或公共地点中的包括EVSE100的示例充电系统，EVSE100由包括充电电缆140和充电手柄150的电线组件170连接到EV200的电力入口。EVSE的充电电缆和充电手柄通过高电压导体L1和返回导体L2向EV提供AC充电电流，其由EV上的充电器转换成经调节的直流，以用于再充满可再充电电池的电荷。设备接地导体G将EVSE的非电流承载的金属部分连接到EV的底盘地，并提供在控制导频电路中承载的电流的返回路径。EVSE在充电电缆和充电手柄的控制导频线115上产生控制导频信号CP。控制导频信号CP起作用来验证EV存在并被连接、允许充电电流的通电/断电、并向EV提供最大可用电流额定值。可再充电电池基于EV的加速器踏板的驱动器输入给至少一个电机供电以推进EV。
本发明提供在EVSE100的电线组件手柄或充电手柄150中的基于温度的保护，而对EVSE控制电子器件210的很少需要或不需要修改和对充电手柄150的最小修改。
图1A的功能方框图示出具有在充电手柄或连接器150内的充电手柄温度传感器120的示例实施方式的示例EVSE100的功能方框图。温度传感器120包括一对串联连接的热敏电阻器和电阻器电路。包括热敏电阻器R1-NTC和电阻器R3的第一串联连接的电路将高电压导体L1连接到接地导体G。包括热敏电阻器R2-NTC和电阻器R4的第二串联连接的电路将返回导体L2或N连接到接地导体G。当任一热敏电阻器R1-NTC或R2-NTC感测到增加的温度并将电流转向到接地导体G时，在EVSE100中的接地故障检测器160被跳闸。
如果在第一串联连接的电路中的热敏电阻器R1-NTC感测到增加的温度，则它将在高电压导体L1中的电流的一部分转向到接地导体G，这使在返回导体L2或N中的电流小于在高电压导体L1中的电流。在电流中的这个差异由接地故障检测器160检测。接地故障检测器160可以是常规接地故障断续器电路，其设计成当在这些导体中的电流中存在差异时，通过中断在高电压导体L1和返回导体L2上的功率的源来保护用户免受电击。在示例实施方式中，当接地故障检测器160检测到在导体L1和导体L2或N中的电流中的差异时，接地故障检测器160将检测信号输出到控制电子器件210，其接着将跳闸信号发送到电路断续器170，以从而中断在导体L1和导体L2上的功率的源。接地故障检测器160将检测信号输出到控制电子器件210，其接着将跳闸信号发送到电路断续器170，以从而中断在导体L1和导体L2上的功率的源。
如果在第二串联连接的电路中的热敏电阻器R2-NTC感测到增加的温度，则它将在返回导体L2中的电流的一部分转向到接地导体G，这使在返回导体L2或N中的电流小于在高电压导体L1中的电流。在电流中的这个差异由接地故障检测器160检测。
在EVSE中的接地故障检测器160、控制电子器件210和电路断续器170部件是现有部件。需要对EVSE的很少或不修改以响应于在充电手柄中的温度增加而自动关闭充电操作。在充电手柄内的基于温度的保护在没有明显增加的成本或复杂度和手柄的最小修改的情况下被实现
EVSE100可基于SAEJ1772标准来操作，以在EVSE电线组件170的高电压导体L1和返回导体L2上提供208到240伏AC——30安培的最大连续电流的单相功率。SAEJ1772标准规定，控制导频信号CP在EVSE电线组件170的控制导频线115上起作用。
热敏电阻器以降低的电阻对温度上升做出响应，导致从L1/L2到地的一些电流。地方标准要求EVSE根据具有电流响应时间特性的跳闸曲线提供地电流检测和保护。在美国，例如，如果高于18-20mA的标称阈值的到地的泄漏被测量，则UL2231要求——作为一个选择——EVSE断开L1和L2/N导体。通过选择适当的NTC热敏电阻器和串联限流电阻器值，穿过热敏电阻器和限流电阻器的地电流将在特定的温度下越过这个阈值。以这种方式，本发明重用由EVSE提供的地电流保护功能以基于所选择的温度中断充电的功能。
下面表格和图1B中的图表示出在图1A中的本发明的示例实现，且穿过热敏电阻器的地电流由温度确定。
图1B是用于图1A的温度传感器的所测量的接地电流(mA)、在热敏电阻器中的功率耗散(W)和负温度系数(NTC)热敏电阻器电阻(欧姆)与温度的关系的示例曲线图。如在图1B中的例子示出的，即使在正常操作期间，NTC热敏电阻器将一些功率耗散添加到系统。减少由热敏电阻器添加的加热可能是合乎需要的。在图2A中示出的可选实施方式添加由热敏电阻器电阻控制的有源部件以在正常操作期间最小化功率耗散。
图2A的功能方框图示出具有在充电手柄或连接器150内部的充电手柄温度传感器120的示例可选实施方式的示例EVSE100。温度传感器120包括串联连接在控制导频导体115和接地导体G之间的热敏电阻器R1-NTC和第一电阻器R2。晶闸管Q1和第二电阻器R3将高电压导体L1连接到接地导体G。晶闸管Q1的栅极配置成从在热敏电阻器R1-NTC和电阻器R2之间的节点接收信号，响应于热敏电阻器R1-NTC感测到温度的增加而使晶闸管Q1将电流从高电压导体L1转向。当热敏电阻器R1-NTC感测到增加的温度时，在EVSE100中的接地故障检测器160从而被跳闸。如果热敏电阻器R1-NTC感测到增加的温度，则它将在高电压导体L1中的电流的一部分转向到接地导体G，这使在返回导体L2或N中的电流小于在高电压导体L1中的电流。在电流中的这个差异由接地故障检测器160检测。
下面表格和图2B中的图表示出示例实施方式的热敏电阻器电阻、地电流和增加的功率耗散。
图2B是用于图2A的温度传感器的所测量的接地电流(mA)和负温度系数(NTC)热敏电阻器电阻(欧姆)与温度的关系的示例曲线图。
在SAEJ1772标准中规定的控制导频信号是在+12伏和-12伏的范围内的1kHz方波信号。在给EV充电开始之前，控制导频信号使用它的电压来定义充电事务的状态。如果控制导频信号是+12伏DC的稳定电压，则这指示状态A，其中EV未被连接。如果控制导频是具有+9伏的正电压和-12伏的负电压的1kHz方波信号，则这指示状态B，其中EV被连接，但不准备接收电荷。SAEJ1772标准规定，具有+6伏的正电压和-12伏的负电压的控制导频1kHz方波信号指示状态C，其中EV准备接受电荷。信号在EVSE中产生，且EV将阻抗放在线上，且在控制导频上的电压下降。在检测到在状态C中的控制导频信号之后，EVSE继续在它的电源线L1和L2上将充电电流输送到EV。
在EV的充电期间，如果在充电手柄150中的温度增加，则在图2A中的热敏电阻器R1-NTC减小它的电阻，允许小电流流经串联连接的热敏电阻器和电阻器R2，从而升高在热敏电阻器和电阻器R2之间的节点的电压。该节点被连接到晶闸管Q1的栅极。当在栅极上的电压升高到阈值电压之上时，晶闸管Q1变成导通的。晶闸管Q1的栅极配置成从在热敏电阻器R1-NTC和电阻器R2之间的节点接收增加的电压作为信号，使晶体管Q1响应于热敏电阻器R1-NTC感测到温度的增加而将电流从高电压导体L1转向。当热敏电阻器R1-NTC感测到增加的温度时，在EVSE100中的接地故障检测器160从而被跳闸。
温度传感器120的放置确定了在手柄中将为了基于温度的保护而被监控的部件。根据EVSE电线组件和充电手柄的设计，检测手柄的特定的导体或非导电部分的温度增加可能是合乎需要的。将温度传感器120热地但不是电气地连接到感兴趣的特定部分允许在手柄中的期望元件处的检测。
图3示出具有一对串联连接的热敏电阻器、二极管和电阻器电路的温度传感器。第一串联连接的热敏电阻器、二极管和电阻器电路将高电压导体连接到接地导体。第二串联连接的热敏电阻器、二极管和电阻器电路将返回导体连接到接地导体。如果任一热敏电阻器感测到增加的温度并将电流转向到接地导体，则在EVSE中的接地故障检测器被跳闸。二极管防止这两个电路中的电流在热敏电阻器电阻相等的情况下彼此抵消。
温度传感器120包括一对串联连接的热敏电阻器、二极管和电阻器电路。第一串联连接的热敏电阻器R1-NTC、二极管D1和电阻器R3电路将高电压导体L1连接到接地导体。第二串联连接的热敏电阻器R2-NTC、二极管D2和电阻器R4电路将返回导体L2连接到接地导体。如果任一热敏电阻器R1-NTC或R2-NTC感测到增加的温度并将电流转向到接地导体，则在EVSE100中的接地故障检测器160被跳闸。二极管D1和D2防止这两个电路中的电流在热敏电阻器R1-NTC或R2-NTC电阻相等的情况下彼此抵消。
在示例实施方式中，通过重用已经在EVSE中实现的接地故障保护功能基于温度的保护被提供而没有对EVSE控制电子器件或固件的修改。在可选的示例实施方式中，本发明可使用被进一步修改以提供在穿过人员和穿过温度传感器电路的电流泄漏的接地故障电流签名之间的差别来实现。检测温度传感器电路的接地故障特征允许EVSE响应于基于温度的保护的功能来采取特定的行动。EVSE可减小被提供到EV的充电速率以降低在充电手柄内的导体和接触点的电阻加热。这可允许EV以减小的速率继续充电，同时将温度减小到在标称限制内。EVSE也可完全中止对EV的充电，并抑制接地故障断续器的自动重置。EVSE可向用户指示温度升高问题，或向EVSE的所有者或操作员发信号指示不希望有的操作条件以发起电线组件的维护。
本发明提供在EVSE手柄内的热点的基于温度的保护而没有明显增加的成本或复杂度。本发明产生在EVSE中的现有基础设施的新颖性重用以实现基于温度的保护，而有很少或没有在EVSE控制电子器件处需要的修改，和在手柄处需要最小修改。本发明不需要EVSE中的显著的额外的基础设施。重用EVSE的现有接地故障保护功能最小化EVSE的所需修改以实现本发明并提供基于温度的保护。本发明可在有小硬件修改的情况下使用现有的充电手柄、在没有任何修改的情况下使用现有的电线、以及在没有任何硬件或固件修改的情况下使用现有的EVSE来实现。因而产生的发明减小了当手柄在充电操作期间被紧固到EV时过热和可能熔化充电手柄的机会。
虽然公开了本发明的特定示例实施方式，本领域中的技术人员将认识到可对为特定示例实施方式所述的细节做出改变而不偏离本发明的精神和范围。

Claims (5)

1.一种用于响应于在电动车辆充电站的充电手柄中的温度增加而自动关闭充电操作的电路，包括：
温度传感器，其连接在电动车辆充电站的充电手柄中的接地导体和高电压导体之间，所述充电手柄包括返回导体，其中，当所述温度传感器暴露于在所述充电手柄中的温度的增加时，在所述高电压导体中的电流的一部分流到所述接地导体而不是所述返回导体，从而使在所述充电站中的接地故障检测器跳闸。
2.如权利要求1所述的用于响应于在电动车辆充电站的充电手柄中的温度增加而自动关闭充电操作的电路，还包括：
在所述温度传感器中的热敏电阻器，所述热敏电阻器被配置成响应于在所述充电手柄中的温度的增加而改变它的电阻，从而使在所述高电压导体中的电流的所述部分流到所述接地导体而不是所述返回导体。
3.如权利要求1所述的用于响应于在电动车辆充电站的充电手柄中的温度增加而自动关闭充电操作的电路，还包括：
在所述温度传感器中的热敏电阻器和电阻器，所述热敏电阻器和电阻器被串联连接在所述电动车辆充电站的所述充电手柄中的所述高电压导体和所述接地导体之间，所述热敏电阻器被配置成响应于在所述充电手柄中的温度的增加而减小它的电阻，从而使在所述高电压导体中的电流的所述部分穿过所述热敏电阻器和所述电阻器流到所述接地导体而不是所述返回导体。
4.如权利要求1所述的用于响应于在电动车辆充电站的充电手柄中的温度增加而自动关闭充电操作的电路，还包括：
在所述温度传感器中的热敏电阻器和第一电阻器，所述热敏电阻器和第一电阻器被串联连接在所述电动车辆充电站的所述充电手柄中的控制导频导体和所述接地导体之间，所述热敏电阻器被配置成响应于在所述充电手柄中的温度的增加而改变它的电阻，从而使在所述热敏电阻器和所述第一电阻器之间的节点处的电压改变；以及
在所述温度传感器中的晶闸管和第二电阻器，所述晶闸管和第二电阻器被串联连接在所述电动车辆充电站的所述充电手柄中的所述高电压导体和所述接地导体之间，所述晶闸管具有被连接到在所述热敏电阻器和所述第一电阻器之间的所述节点的栅电极，使得在所述热敏电阻器和所述第一电阻器之间的所述节点处的电压被施加到所述栅极，所述晶闸管被配置成响应于在它的栅极上的电压达到阈值电压而变得导通，所述晶闸管从而响应于在所述充电手柄中的温度的所述增加而传导在所述高电压导体中的电流的所述部分以穿过所述晶闸管和第二电阻器流到所述接地导体而不是所述返回导体。
5.如权利要求1所述的用于响应于在电动车辆充电站的充电手柄中的温度增加而自动关闭充电操作的电路，还包括：
在所述温度传感器中的第一热敏电阻器、第一二极管和第一电阻器，所述第一热敏电阻器、第一二极管和第一电阻器被串联连接在所述电动车辆充电站的所述充电手柄中的所述高电压导体和所述接地导体之间，所述第一热敏电阻器被配置成响应于在所述充电手柄中的温度的增加而减小它的电阻，从而使在所述高电压导体中的电流的所述部分穿过所述第一热敏电阻器、所述第一二极管和所述第一电阻器流到所述接地导体而不是所述返回导体，从而使所述充电站中的接地故障检测器跳闸；以及
在所述温度传感器中的第二热敏电阻器、第二二极管和第二电阻器，所述第二热敏电阻器、第二二极管和第二电阻器被串联连接在所述电动车辆充电站的所述充电手柄中的所述返回导体和所述接地导体之间，所述第二热敏电阻器被配置成响应于在所述充电手柄中的温度的增加而减小它的电阻，从而使在所述返回导体中的电流的一部分穿过所述第二热敏电阻器、所述第二二极管和所述第二电阻器流到所述接地导体而不是所述高电压导体，从而使所述接地故障检测器在所述充电站中跳闸。
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