CN105606258B - A kind of ultra-wide waters cross section vertical water temperature diurnal variation law observation procedure and system - Google Patents
A kind of ultra-wide waters cross section vertical water temperature diurnal variation law observation procedure and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN105606258B CN105606258B CN201610110695.8A CN201610110695A CN105606258B CN 105606258 B CN105606258 B CN 105606258B CN 201610110695 A CN201610110695 A CN 201610110695A CN 105606258 B CN105606258 B CN 105606258B
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- G01K13/02—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring temperature of moving fluids or granular materials capable of flow
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- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K13/00—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01K13/02—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring temperature of moving fluids or granular materials capable of flow
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of ultra-wide waters cross section vertical water temperature diurnal variation law observation procedure and its system, the observation procedure is that in a few days the vertical water temperature regularity of distribution is actual according to ultra-wide waters water body cross section, water temperature observation vertical line and its measuring point on the cross section of ultra-wide waters is carried out to lay, and the observation of ultra-wide waters cross section vertical water temperature diurnal variation Time Distribution and space distribution rule observation；The observation system includes Dam and positioned at the Dam upstream left bank of Dam two sides and Dam upstream right bank, some observation vertical lines are laid between Dam upstream left bank and Dam upstream right bank above Dam, and water temperature observation instrument is provided with the observation station of every vertical line.Using observation procedure of the present invention and observation system, it is ensured that ultra-wide waters water body the cross section in a few days systematicness of water temperature changing rule observing buoy, representativeness, reliability.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to hydrological observation technical field, is specifically related to a kind of vertical water temperature diurnal variation of ultra-wide waters cross section
Rule observation procedure and system.
Background technology
At present, the water temperature changing rule compartment system observational study work of the water body such as China ocean, river, lake, reservoir
Carry out it is less, in particular in the water bodys such as ocean, river, lake, reservoir ultra-wide waters part water temperature change, the regularity of distribution
And the observational study of correlation effect is less, the technical method of ultra-wide waters water body water temperature time space distribution observation lacks with requiring
Effective unification of Guidelines or specification, ultra-wide waters water body water temperature time space distribution observing buoy quality generally existing system
Property, representativeness, not strong reliability the problems such as, therefore to improving China ocean, river, lake, the water body water temperature such as reservoir change rule
The reference significance for restraining the work such as Study on Mathematic Model, empirical equation improvement and its software for calculation exploitation is little.
The content of the invention
To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a kind of ultra-wide waters cross section vertical water temperature diurnal variation law observation procedure
And system.In a few days the vertical water temperature regularity of distribution is actual in the observation system combination ultra-wide waters water body cross section, horizontal to ultra-wide waters
Section vertical water temperature diurnal variation law observation procedure makes requirement, to improve the water body water temperature changing rule observation work of ultra-wide waters
Technical merit and quality of achievement, overcome the deficiencies in the prior art.
The present invention is achieved by following technical solution.
A kind of ultra-wide waters cross section vertical water temperature diurnal variation law observation procedure, the observation procedure are according to ultra-wide waters
In a few days the vertical water temperature regularity of distribution is actual in water body cross section, carries out water temperature observation vertical line and its measuring point cloth on the cross section of ultra-wide waters
And if the observation of ultra-wide waters cross section vertical water temperature diurnal variation Time Distribution and space distribution rule are observed, to ensure
Ultra-wide waters water body the cross section in a few days systematicness of water temperature changing rule observing buoy, representativeness, reliability；
Water temperature observation vertical line, which is laid, on the cross section of the ultra-wide waters refers to according to ultra-wide waters water body cross-sectional length, sees
Survey operating accuracy and require that situation is laid water temperature observation vertical line；Wherein, water temperature observation vertical line is laid by ultra-wide waters cross section
Uniformly, continuously laid to both sides centered on center line, stream central line, deep great line, it is super that can control that water temperature observation vertical line lays quantity
Open sea area cross section flow of water change turning point determines with ultra-wide waters cross section border；
The observation of ultra-wide waters cross section vertical water temperature diurnal variation Time Distribution refers to combine in a few days ultra-wide waters
The distribution of water temperature rule prototype that the water body cross section vertical water temperature regularity of distribution carries out in a few days different periods is observed, ultra-wide waters
The period division that in a few days regularity of distribution considers of water body cross section vertical water temperature；
The observation of ultra-wide waters cross section vertical water temperature diurnal variation space distribution rule refers to according to ultra-wide waters water body
Each water temperature observation vertical line quantity, laying situation on cross section, and according to observation operating accuracy requirement, take more ship single line methods, list
Ship multiple line method, the difference testing of more ship multiple line methods.
The specific distribution method of the water temperature observation vertical line is as follows：
A, when ultra-wide waters water body cross-sectional length is when within 500 meters, water temperature observation vertical line lays 3~5；
B, when ultra-wide waters water body cross-sectional length is when within 500 meters to 1000 meters, water temperature observation vertical line lay 5~
10；
C, when ultra-wide waters water body cross-sectional length is when within 1000 meters to 2000 meters, water temperature observation vertical line lays 10
~15；
D, when ultra-wide waters water body cross-sectional length is when within 2000 meters to 3000 meters, water temperature observation vertical line lays 15
~20；
E, when ultra-wide waters water body cross-sectional length is more than 3000 meters, water temperature observation vertical line is laid in more than 20.
Ultra-wide waters cross section vertical water temperature diurnal variation Time Distribution observation procedure is as follows：
A, in a few days vertical water temperature distribution daytime between, night-time hours according to daily sunrise, the sunset period consider, daily 06:00
To 22:00 period between daytime, 22:00 to 06:00 period is night；
B, each issue of live testing should at least Continuous Observation 3 days, between daily daytime, night at least respectively observes 1 time.
More ship single line methods refer to water temperature observation vertical line quantity on the water body cross section of ultra-wide waters less than 10 or
It is fixed respectively at each water temperature observation vertical line on the water body cross section of ultra-wide waters to lay one when observation operating accuracy requires higher
Survey ship, while vertical water temperature distribution situation corresponding to each water temperature observation vertical line on the cross section of testing ultra-wide waters.
Single ship multiple line method refers to when the water temperature observation vertical line quantity on the water body cross section of ultra-wide waters is less than 10,
Each water temperature observation of continuous testing is carried out using only each water temperature observation vertical line of the survey ship on the water body cross section of ultra-wide waters to hang down
Vertical water temperature distribution situation corresponding to line.
More ship multiple line methods refer to when the water temperature observation vertical line quantity on the water body cross section of ultra-wide waters is more than 10,
More survey ships are laid on the water body cross section of ultra-wide waters, and each water temperature observes the vertical of vertical line in the range of testing respective regions simultaneously
Distribution of water temperature situation.
The vertical water temperature diurnal variation law observation of ultra-wide waters cross section uses manual mode of operation, by water temperature visualizer
Device is placed on the tested point of specified water temperature observation vertical line, sufficient dwell time, at least 15 seconds, treats that instrument readings are stable and remember automatically
Vertical measuring point water temperature is recorded with after bathymetric data, probe is moved into next measuring point, until the observation of whole piece vertical line is completed, recovery probe,
And live backup observation instrument related data.
A kind of ultra-wide waters cross section vertical water temperature diurnal variation law observation system, including Dam and positioned at water power
Stand the Dam upstream left bank of dam two sides and Dam upstream right bank, Dam upstream left bank are located at
Dam is located at Dam upstream left bank and power station close to intake of hydropower station side above Dam
Some observation vertical lines are laid between the right bank of dam upstream, and water temperature visualizer is provided with the observation station of every vertical line
Device.
The water temperature observation instrument is using the instrument that can record the depth of water and water temperature parameters automatically, and the water temperature sensing in instrument
The resolution ratio of device is not less than 0.01 DEG C, and precision is not less than ± 0.15 DEG C, and measuring range is -5~100 DEG C；Water depth sensor precision
For not less than 0.3 meter, working depth scope is 0~500 meter.
The water temperature observation instrument uses the multi-parameter water quality monitors of YSI 6600.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
Using ultra-wide waters of the present invention cross section vertical water temperature diurnal variation law observation system, China sea is improved
The water temperature change of the water bodys such as ocean, river, lake, reservoir and regularity of distribution systematic observation operating technology level and quality of achievement, enter
One step improves the water body water temperature changing rule such as China ocean, river, lake and reservoir Study on Mathematic Model, empirical equation is improved
And its software for calculation development and research is horizontal, promote technical progress of industry significant, economic, society, environmental benefit
Significantly.
Compared with prior art, present system considers ultra-wide waters cross-sectional length, in a few days vertical water temperature distribution rule
Rule, observation operating accuracy are actual, it is proposed that water temperature observation vertical line and its measuring point are laid on the cross section of ultra-wide waters, and ultra-wide water
The technical requirements such as the observation of domain cross section vertical water temperature diurnal variation Time Distribution, space distribution rule observation, to ultra-wide waters
The observation of water body cross section in a few days water temperature changing rule has carried out effective covering, it is ensured that ultra-wide waters water body cross section in a few days water
Systematicness, representativeness, the reliability of warm changing rule observing buoy.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is ultra-wide waters cross section vertical water temperature diurnal variation law observation system cloth before Longtan hydropower station dam in the present invention
Point schematic diagram.
In figure：1- observes vertical line away from the centerline water temperature diurnal variation of dam 500m cross sections, and 2- is away from dam 500m cross sections
Water temperature diurnal variation observation vertical line at 100m, 3- become away from water temperature day at 100m on the right side of the center line of dam 500m cross sections on the left of center line
Change observation vertical line, 4- is away from water temperature diurnal variation observation vertical line at 200m on the left of the center line of dam 500m cross sections, and 5- is away from dam 500m
Water temperature diurnal variation observation vertical line at 200m on the right side of the center line of cross section, 6- is away from water at 300m on the left of the center line of dam 500m cross sections
Vertical line is observed in warm diurnal variation, and 7- is away from water temperature diurnal variation observation vertical line at 300m on the right side of the center line of dam 500m cross sections, and 8- is away from big
Water temperature diurnal variation observation vertical line at 400m on the left of the center line of dam 500m cross sections, 9-away from the right side of the center line of dam 500m cross sections
Vertical line is observed in water temperature diurnal variation at 400m, and 10- hangs down away from water temperature diurnal variation observation at 500m on the left of the center line of dam 500m cross sections
Line, 11- is away from water temperature diurnal variation observation vertical line, 12- Dams, 13- water at 500m on the right side of the center line of dam 500m cross sections
Powerplant intakes, 14- Dams upstream left bank, 15- Dams upstream right bank.
Embodiment
Technical scheme is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but claimed scope is not limited to institute
State.
A kind of ultra-wide waters cross section vertical water temperature diurnal variation law observation procedure, the observation procedure are according to ultra-wide waters
In a few days the vertical water temperature regularity of distribution is actual in water body cross section, carries out water temperature observation vertical line and its measuring point cloth on the cross section of ultra-wide waters
And if the observation of ultra-wide waters cross section vertical water temperature diurnal variation Time Distribution and space distribution rule are observed, to ensure
Ultra-wide waters water body the cross section in a few days systematicness of water temperature changing rule observing buoy, representativeness, reliability.
Water temperature observation vertical line, which is laid, on the cross section of the ultra-wide waters refers to according to ultra-wide waters water body cross-sectional length, sees
Survey operating accuracy and require that situation is laid water temperature observation vertical line；Wherein, water temperature observation vertical line is laid by ultra-wide waters cross section
Uniformly, continuously laid to both sides centered on center line, stream central line, deep great line, it is super that can control that water temperature observation vertical line lays quantity
Open sea area cross section flow of water change turning point determines with ultra-wide waters cross section border.
The specific distribution method of the water temperature observation vertical line is as follows：
A, when ultra-wide waters water body cross-sectional length is when within 500 meters, water temperature observation vertical line lays 3~5, specifically
Water temperature observation vertical line, which lays quantity, to be increased and decreased according to observation operating accuracy requirement；
B, when ultra-wide waters water body cross-sectional length is when within 500 meters to 1000 meters, water temperature observation vertical line lay 5~
10, specific water temperature observation vertical line, which lays quantity, to be increased and decreased according to observation operating accuracy requirement；
C, when ultra-wide waters water body cross-sectional length is when within 1000 meters to 2000 meters, water temperature observation vertical line lays 10
~15, specific water temperature observation vertical line, which lays quantity, to be increased and decreased according to observation operating accuracy requirement；
D, when ultra-wide waters water body cross-sectional length is when within 2000 meters to 3000 meters, water temperature observation vertical line lays 15
~20, specific water temperature observation vertical line, which lays quantity, to be increased and decreased according to observation operating accuracy requirement；
E, when ultra-wide waters water body cross-sectional length is more than 3000 meters, water temperature observation vertical line is laid in more than 20,
Specific water temperature observation vertical line, which lays quantity, to be increased and decreased according to observation operating accuracy requirement.
The observation of ultra-wide waters cross section vertical water temperature diurnal variation Time Distribution refers to combine in a few days ultra-wide waters
The distribution of water temperature rule prototype that the water body cross section vertical water temperature regularity of distribution carries out in a few days different periods is observed, ultra-wide waters
The period division that in a few days regularity of distribution considers of water body cross section vertical water temperature, generally according between daytime, night considers respectively.
Ultra-wide waters cross section vertical water temperature diurnal variation Time Distribution observation procedure is as follows：
A, in a few days vertical water temperature distribution daytime between, night-time hours according to daily sunrise, the sunset period consider, i.e., daily 06:
00 to 22:00 period between daytime, 22:00 to 06:00 period is night；
B, each issue of live testing should at least Continuous Observation 3 days, between daily daytime, night at least respectively observe 1 time, according to observation essence
Degree requires, it is contemplated that extend observation cycle, and can be between daytime, the night encryption observation frequency.
The observation of ultra-wide waters cross section vertical water temperature diurnal variation space distribution rule refers to according to ultra-wide waters water body
Each water temperature observation vertical line quantity, laying situation on cross section, and according to observation operating accuracy requirement, take more ship single line methods, list
Ship multiple line method, the difference testing of more ship multiple line methods.
More ship single line methods refer to water temperature observation vertical line quantity on the water body cross section of ultra-wide waters less than 10 or
It is fixed respectively at each water temperature observation vertical line on the water body cross section of ultra-wide waters to lay one when observation operating accuracy requires higher
Survey ship, while vertical water temperature distribution situation corresponding to each water temperature observation vertical line on the cross section of testing ultra-wide waters.
Single ship multiple line method refers to when the water temperature observation vertical line quantity on the water body cross section of ultra-wide waters is less than 10,
Each water temperature observation of continuous testing is carried out using only each water temperature observation vertical line of the survey ship on the water body cross section of ultra-wide waters to hang down
Vertical water temperature distribution situation corresponding to line, typically take ultra-wide waters water body cross section " a lateral boundaries direction finding offside " or " right
The lateral boundaries survey time this side " testing circuit carry out testing.If observing operating accuracy requires higher, can take in ultra-wide waters water body
The testing circuit in cross section " first by a lateral boundaries direction finding offside, again by this side of offside border survey time " carries out testing, to come and go two
Secondary surveyed same water temperature observation vertical line corresponds to the water temperature average value of measuring point as observation.
More ship multiple line methods, refer to when the water temperature observation vertical line quantity on the water body cross section of ultra-wide waters is more than 10
When, more survey ships are laid on the water body cross section of ultra-wide waters, and each water temperature observes hanging down for vertical line in the range of testing respective regions simultaneously
To distribution of water temperature situation, " dichotomy method " (two ship subregion testings, some water temperature observation vertical lines of every ship testing), " three are typically taken
Point-score " (three ship subregion testings, some water temperature observation vertical lines of every ship testing) or " more distributions " (more ship subregion testings, every ship
Some water temperature observation vertical lines of testing) testing is carried out, require to determine with specific reference to observation operating accuracy.
Vertical measuring point on the water temperature observation vertical line is laid to be distributed in fact according to ultra-wide waters cross section water body vertical water temperature
Border, measuring point is laid in the top layer in water temperature observation vertical line depth of water direction, warm change layer, stratosphere etc. respectively, and according to adjacent survey
Temperature difference situation is set up measuring point between point.Measuring point in top layer is typically laid in below the water surface 0.5 meter；Measuring point one in warm change layer
As along vertical line depth of water direction at interval of 2.0 meters lay 1, if the temperature difference is more than 0.3 DEG C between two adjacent measuring points, section increase
Measuring point；Measuring point in stratosphere typically lays 1 along vertical line depth of water direction at interval of 5.0 meters, if the temperature difference between two adjacent measuring points
More than 0.2 DEG C, then increase measuring point in section.
The vertical water temperature diurnal variation law observation of ultra-wide waters cross section uses manual mode of operation, by water temperature visualizer
Device is placed on the tested point of specified water temperature observation vertical line, sufficient dwell time, typically at least 15 seconds, treat instrument readings it is stable and from
Dynamic to record vertical measuring point water temperature with after bathymetric data, probe is moved into next measuring point, until the observation of whole piece vertical line is completed, recovery is visited
Head, and live backup observation instrument related data.Water temperature observation instrument, which typically uses, can record the parameters such as the depth of water, water temperature automatically
Instrument, the resolution ratio of cooling-water temperature sensor for 0.01 DEG C and more than, precision be ± 0.15 DEG C and more than, measuring range -5~100 DEG C,
Water depth sensor precision be 0.3 meter and more than, 0~500 meter of working depth scope；Cooling-water temperature sensor is without calibration, depth of water sensing
Device can give field calibration according to testing position locality atmospheric pressure.
As shown in figure 1, a kind of ultra-wide waters cross section vertical water temperature diurnal variation law observation system of the present invention, bag
Include Dam 12 and positioned at the Dam upstream left bank 14 of the two sides of Dam 12 and the Dam upstream right side
Bank 15, Dam upstream left bank 14 is located at Dam 12 close to the side of intake of hydropower station 13, in power station
The top of dam 12 is laid with some observations between Dam upstream left bank 14 and Dam upstream right bank 15
Vertical line, and water temperature observation instrument is provided with the observation station of every vertical line.
The water temperature observation instrument is using the instrument that can record the depth of water and water temperature parameters automatically, and the water temperature sensing in instrument
The resolution ratio of device is not less than 0.01 DEG C, and precision is not less than ± 0.15 DEG C, and measuring range is -5~100 DEG C；Water depth sensor precision
For not less than 0.3 meter, working depth scope is 0~500 meter.
The water temperature observation instrument uses the multi-parameter water quality monitors of YSI 6600.
The present invention program is described in further detail with reference to Longtan hydropower station's embodiment as follows：
(1) working background situation is observed：
Hongsuihe River Longtan hydropower station is the landmark project of national Implementation of Western Development and " transferring electricity from the west to the east " strategy, is red
The major project and backbone reservoir of water river hydroelectric development, the main development task of engineering have the comprehensive effect such as flood control, shipping concurrently to generate electricity
Benefit.Longtan Dam is Compacted Concrete Gravity Dam Section, maximum height of dam 192m, dam crest long 746.49m, reservoir operation scheme 375m,
The corresponding m of storage capacity 162.1 hundred million3, level of dead water 330m, the corresponding m of storage capacity 50.6 hundred million3, reservoir has year regulating power.
After Longtan hydropower station's reservoir filling, Qi Baqian forms ultra-wide waters, and water surface width reaches 1200m, dam center line
Outer 1100m is the preceding profundal zone in dam, and depth capacity is up to 165m.
The water temperature structure change rule systematic observation research of Hongsuihe River Long Tan Reservoir regions is domestic first for super-huge
The long serial, basic scientific research of macro-scale system synchronization prototype measurement that Reservoir region water temperature structure change rule is carried out, is obtained
The high evaluation of Environmental Protection Department, Ministry of Water Resources was obtained, to promoting technical progress of industry significant.
At present, achievement in research has been placed in the experiment of Environmental Protection Department national environmental protection environmental impact assessment numerical simulation emphasis
Chamber base data platform, it is China's water temperature of reservoir structure discrimination scale-model investigation, water temperature prediction empirical equation linguistic term, reservoir water
Warm mathematical modeling and its software for calculation developmental research etc. provide important scientific basis.
(2) water temperature vertical characteristics entirety prediction case before dam：
It can be seen from the overall prediction achievement of vertical water temperature distribution before Longtan hydropower station's reservoir dam：Annual December to 2 months, reservoir
Vertical water body is distributed close to equality of temperature, and storehouse table, the bottom storehouse water body water temperature temperature difference are smaller；Annual March to June, the vertical water body of reservoir occur
One thermocline, substantially in reservoir surface to underwater 40m, below water surface 40m is stagnant temperature layer；Annual July is vertical to September, reservoir
Two thermoclines occur in water body, and it is general to underwater 10m, second thermocline that first thermocline is generally present in reservoir surface
For 60m to underwater 90m, below water surface 90m is stagnant temperature layer under water for appearance；Annual October to November, the vertical water body of reservoir occur one
Individual thermocline, substantially in reservoir surface to underwater 70m, below water surface 70m is stagnant temperature layer.
Dam of Longtan Hydroelectric Project crest elevation 382m, dam counter-dam bottom elevation 210m, the preceding profundal zone observation water in dam as deep as 165m,
With reference to the overall prediction achievement of vertical water temperature distribution before dam, under normal pool level 375m running situations, reservoir surface to underwater 90m
Scope (i.e. elevation 285m~375m scopes) be essentially the warm change layer that vertical water temperature changes greatly, underwater 90m to bottom storehouse section
Water body (i.e. elevation 210m~285m scopes) is essentially vertical water temperature and changes less stratosphere.
(3) observation instrument and execute-in-place situation：
Using the multi-parameter water quality monitors of YSI 6600, the instrument can record the depth of water, the water temperature of the vertical water body of reservoir automatically
Etc. parameter, the resolution ratio of its cooling-water temperature sensor is 0.01 DEG C, and precision is ± 0.15 DEG C, scope -5~50 DEG C, water depth sensor
Precision is 0.3m, 0~200m of working depth scope.Cooling-water temperature sensor is local according to testing position without calibration, water depth sensor
Atmospheric pressure gives field calibration.
Vertical water temperature diurnal variation law observation in ultra-wide waters cross section is grasped using manual type before Longtan hydropower station dam
Make, YSI6600 multi-parameter water quality monitors probe is placed in before water inlet on the tested point for specifying observation vertical line, when stopping enough
Between (about 20 seconds), it is stable after instrument readings and record vertical measuring point water temperature automatically with after bathymetric data, probe is moved into next survey
Point, until the observation of whole piece vertical line is completed, recovery probe, monitor main frame is connected with portable computer, by each vertical line water temperature
Backed up at observed result scene.
To ensure that each water temperature observation vertical line position maintains predeterminated position before dam, ensures Observation personnel, the safety of instrument,
For the iron hammer of binding setting 10kg weights to make counterweight, observation vessel takes mechanical power type in the multi-parameter water quality monitors of YSI 6600,
If security official is determined using Nikon 1200S laser rangefinder telescopes (10~1100m of measuring range, accuracy in measurement ± 0.5m)
Vertical line position situation of change is observed, prompts observation vessel operating personnel to adjust observation vertical line by security official when position skew is more than 10m
Position.Synchronous recording observation moment, position and corresponding temperature during observation.
(4) water temperature observation vertical line is laid on the cross section of ultra-wide waters before dam：
As shown in figure 1, ultra-wide waters water surface width reaches 1200m before Longtan hydropower station dam, the outer 1100m of dam center line is dam
Preceding profundal zone, depth capacity is up to 165m.According to ultra-wide waters landform actual conditions before Longtan hydropower station dam, have selected in dam
Ultra-wide waters vertical water temperature diurnal variation law observes cross section before being used as dam at the outer 500m of heart line, according to observation operating accuracy requirement
On the cross section from dam center line to both sides it is continuous, uniformly and be spaced 100m and laid 11 water temperatures observation vertical lines, its water
Temperature observation vertical line numbering is respectively shown in 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11 in Fig. 1.
(5) vertical water temperature diurnal variation Time Distribution in ultra-wide waters cross section is observed before dam：
Within a water year, vertical water temperature diurnal variation Time Distribution in ultra-wide waters cross section is seen before imperial beach reservoir dam
Survey is broadly divided into four-stage, and specific water temperature observation cycle and the frequency arrangement in each stage are as follows.
A, first stage (December was to 2 months)
The imperial vertical water body of beach reservoir is distributed close to equality of temperature during this period, and storehouse table, the bottom storehouse water body water temperature temperature difference are smaller.It is every during this period
Month observation one phase (each issue be spaced 27 days).
B, second stage (March to June)
There is a thermocline in the vertical water body of imperial beach reservoir during this period, substantially in reservoir surface to underwater 40m, water surface 40m
It is below stratosphere.Monthly observe a phase (each issue be spaced 27 days) March, the April of this period, it is (every monthly to observe for two phases in May, June
Period was every 15 days).
C, phase III (July to September)
Two thermoclines occur in the imperial vertical water body of beach reservoir during this period, and first thermocline is generally present in reservoir surface
To underwater 10m, second thermocline is generally present in underwater 60m to underwater 90m, and below water surface 90m is stratosphere.It is every during this period
Month observation three phases (each issue be spaced 10 days).
D, fourth stage (October to November)
There is a thermocline in the vertical water body of imperial beach reservoir during this period, substantially in reservoir surface to underwater 70m, water surface 70m
It is below stratosphere.Two phases (each issue be spaced 15 days) are monthly observed during this period.
Thus, within a water year, ultra-wide waters cross section vertical water temperature diurnal variation Annual distribution before imperial beach reservoir dam
Rule observation amounts to 22 phases, each phase equal Continuous Observation 3 days, at daily night 03:00th, 15 between daytime:It is each when 00 to observe once.
(6) vertical water temperature diurnal variation space distribution rule in ultra-wide waters cross section is observed before dam：
According to each water temperature observation vertical line quantity, laying reality and sight on the water body cross section of ultra-wide waters before Longtan hydropower station dam
Survey operating accuracy requirement, using in " more ships are multi-thread " method " dichotomy method " carry out daytime between, night testing, that is, arrange two survey ships by
Distinguish testing to two sides away from dam 500m cross section centerlines.
As shown in figure 1, from the survey away from dam 500m cross section centerlines to the left bank testing of Dam of Longtan Hydroelectric Project upstream
Ship, it is responsible for testing：Vertical line 2 is observed away from water temperature diurnal variation at 100m on the left of the center line of dam 500m cross sections, away from dam 500m horizontal strokes
Water temperature diurnal variation observes vertical line 4, away from water temperature at 300m on the left of the center line of dam 500m cross sections at 200m on the left of section center line
Diurnal variation observes vertical line 6, observes vertical line 8, away from dam away from water temperature diurnal variation at 400m on the left of the center line of dam 500m cross sections
Water temperature diurnal variation observation vertical line 10 amounts to 5 water temperature observation vertical lines at 500m on the left of the center line of 500m cross sections.
From the survey ship away from dam 500m cross section centerlines to the right bank testing of Dam of Longtan Hydroelectric Project upstream, it is responsible for applying
Survey：Away from dam 500m cross sections centerline water temperature diurnal variation observation vertical line 1, away from 100m on the right side of the center line of dam 500m cross sections
Locate water temperature diurnal variation observation vertical line 3, vertical line 5 observed away from 200m place's water temperature diurnal variations on the right side of the center line of dam 500m cross sections, away from
Water temperature diurnal variation observes vertical line 7, away from the right side of the center line of dam 500m cross sections at 300m on the right side of the center line of dam 500m cross sections
Water temperature diurnal variation observes vertical line 9, away from water temperature diurnal variation observation vertical line at 500m on the right side of the center line of dam 500m cross sections at 400m
11 amount to 6 water temperature observation vertical lines.
(7) measuring point is laid on water temperature observation vertical line：
11 water temperatures observation that vertical water temperature diurnal variation law observation in ultra-wide waters cross section is laid before imperial beach reservoir dam is hung down
Measuring point on line, which is laid, is specially：
A, storehouse table water body measuring point is laid
Lay 1 measuring point, i.e., 0.5m below the water surface.
B, warm change layer (elevation 285m~375m) water body measuring point is laid
1 measuring point is laid at interval of 2.0m along water temperature observation vertical line depth of water direction, if the temperature difference exceedes between two adjacent measuring points
0.3 DEG C, increase measuring point in section according to actual conditions.
C, stratosphere (elevation 210m~285m) water body measuring point is laid
1 measuring point is laid at interval of 5.0m along water temperature observation vertical line depth of water direction, if the temperature difference exceedes between two adjacent measuring points
0.2 DEG C, increase measuring point in section according to actual conditions.
Claims (4)
- A kind of 1. ultra-wide waters cross section vertical water temperature diurnal variation law observation procedure, it is characterised in that：The observation procedure is root According to ultra-wide waters water body cross section, in a few days the vertical water temperature regularity of distribution is actual, carries out water temperature observation vertical line on the cross section of ultra-wide waters And its measuring point is laid, and the observation of ultra-wide waters cross section vertical water temperature diurnal variation Time Distribution and space distribution rule are seen Survey, to ensure ultra-wide waters water body the cross section in a few days systematicness of water temperature changing rule observing buoy, representativeness, reliability；Water temperature observation vertical line, which is laid, on the cross section of the ultra-wide waters refers to according to ultra-wide waters water body cross-sectional length, observation work Make required precision situation and laid water temperature observation vertical line；Wherein, water temperature observation vertical line is laid by ultra-wide waters cross section center Uniformly, continuously laid to both sides centered on line, stream central line, deep great line, water temperature observation vertical line lays quantity can control ultra-wide water Domain cross section flow of water change turning point determines with ultra-wide waters cross section border；The observation of ultra-wide waters cross section vertical water temperature diurnal variation Time Distribution refers to combine in a few days ultra-wide waters water body The distribution of water temperature rule prototype that the cross section vertical water temperature regularity of distribution carries out in a few days different periods is observed, ultra-wide waters water body The period division that in a few days regularity of distribution considers of cross section vertical water temperature；The observation of ultra-wide waters cross section vertical water temperature diurnal variation space distribution rule refers to cross-section according to ultra-wide waters water body Each water temperature observation vertical line quantity, laying situation on face, and according to observation operating accuracy requirement, take more ship single line methods, single ship more Collimation method, the difference testing of more ship multiple line methods；More ship single line methods refer to when the water temperature observation vertical line quantity on the water body cross section of ultra-wide waters is less than 10 or observation It is fixed respectively at each water temperature observation vertical line on the water body cross section of ultra-wide waters to lay a survey when operating accuracy requires higher Ship, while vertical water temperature distribution situation corresponding to each water temperature observation vertical line on the cross section of testing ultra-wide waters；Single ship multiple line method refers to, when the water temperature observation vertical line quantity on the water body cross section of ultra-wide waters is less than 10, only make Each water temperature observation vertical line pair of continuous testing is carried out with each water temperature observation vertical line of the survey ship on the water body cross section of ultra-wide waters The vertical water temperature distribution situation answered；More ship multiple line methods refer to when the water temperature observation vertical line quantity on the water body cross section of ultra-wide waters is more than 10, super More survey ships are laid on Open sea area water body cross section, and each water temperature observes the vertical water temperature of vertical line in the range of testing respective regions simultaneously Distribution situation.
- 2. a kind of ultra-wide waters cross section vertical water temperature diurnal variation law observation procedure according to claim 1, its feature It is：The specific distribution method of the water temperature observation vertical line is as follows：A, when ultra-wide waters water body cross-sectional length is when within 500 meters, water temperature observation vertical line lays 3~5；B, when ultra-wide waters water body cross-sectional length is when within 500 meters to 1000 meters, water temperature observation vertical line lays 5~10 Bar；C, when ultra-wide waters water body cross-sectional length is when within 1000 meters to 2000 meters, water temperature observation vertical line lays 10~15 Bar；D, when ultra-wide waters water body cross-sectional length is when within 2000 meters to 3000 meters, water temperature observation vertical line lays 15~20 Bar；E, when ultra-wide waters water body cross-sectional length is more than 3000 meters, water temperature observation vertical line is laid in more than 20.
- 3. a kind of ultra-wide waters cross section vertical water temperature diurnal variation law observation procedure according to claim 1, its feature It is：Ultra-wide waters cross section vertical water temperature diurnal variation Time Distribution observation procedure is as follows：A, in a few days vertical water temperature distribution daytime between, night-time hours according to daily sunrise, the sunset period consider, daily 06:00 to 22: 00 period between daytime, 22:00 to 06:00 period is night；B, each issue of live testing should at least Continuous Observation 3 days, between daily daytime, night at least respectively observes 1 time.
- 4. a kind of ultra-wide waters cross section vertical water temperature diurnal variation law observation procedure according to claim 1, its feature It is：The vertical water temperature diurnal variation law observation of ultra-wide waters cross section uses manual mode of operation, by water temperature observation instrument It is placed on the tested point of specified water temperature observation vertical line, sufficient dwell time, at least 15 seconds, treats that instrument readings are stable and record automatically Vertical measuring point water temperature is with after bathymetric data, next measuring point is moved to by probe, until the observation of whole piece vertical line is completed, recovery probe, and The depth of water and water temperature data of live backup observation instrument record.
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| FI114662B (en) * | 1995-03-28 | 2004-11-30 | Pentti Salonen | Method and plant for detecting a change in water content |
| CN104634325A (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2015-05-20 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Reservoir water temperature change rule prototype observation method |
| CN105181176A (en) * | 2015-10-10 | 2015-12-23 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Method and system for observing temperature increase effect of afflux of tributary along riverway under reservoir dam |
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