CN105698969A - Vertical water temperature mixing inversion effect observation method and apparatus in front of reservoir dam - Google Patents
Vertical water temperature mixing inversion effect observation method and apparatus in front of reservoir dam Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105698969A CN105698969A CN201610161013.6A CN201610161013A CN105698969A CN 105698969 A CN105698969 A CN 105698969A CN 201610161013 A CN201610161013 A CN 201610161013A CN 105698969 A CN105698969 A CN 105698969A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- observation
- water temperature
- dam
- vertical
- inversion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K13/00—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01K13/02—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring temperature of moving fluids or granular materials capable of flow
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C13/00—Surveying specially adapted to open water, e.g. sea, lake, river or canal
- G01C13/008—Surveying specially adapted to open water, e.g. sea, lake, river or canal measuring depth of open water
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K13/00—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01K13/02—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring temperature of moving fluids or granular materials capable of flow
- G01K13/026—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring temperature of moving fluids or granular materials capable of flow of moving liquids
Abstract
The invention discloses a vertical water temperature mixing inversion effect observation method and apparatus in front of a reservoir dam. The method comprises: observation vertical line arrangement, vertical line observation point arrangement, and observation work period arrangement of vertical water temperature mixing inversion dynamic changing in front of a reservoir dam in a water temperature layering mode are put forward according to actual vertical water temperature structure mixing inversion dynamic changes of the water domain in front of reservoir dam in a water temperature layering mode in different seasons. Besides, the observation apparatus includes a floating ball, a probe chain, and a plurality of on-line water temperature and water level observation probes arranged on the probe chain. The probe chain is connected to the bottom of the floating ball; and a balance weight is arranged at the bottom of the probe chain. With the observation method and apparatus, the observation working technique level and result quality of the water temperature change and distribution rule system of water bodies like a river or a dam are improved; defects in prior art are overcome; and the mathematic model study, empirical formula improvement and computation software development and research work level for the water temperature changing rule of a river or a dam are further enhanced.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering hydrological observation technical field, before being specifically related to a kind of reservoir dam, vertical water temperature ginseng mixes inversion effect observation procedure and device。
Background technology
Changing hydrologic regime and the water body environment of Reservoir region after the barrage hydraulic structure Cheng Ku such as Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering, reservoir had not only been regulated and stored the water yield but also had been stored heat, it is possible to can cause that lamination occurs in Reservoir region water body water temperature。For water temperature stratified type reservoir, before its dam, vertical water temperature structure can be divided into the mesolimnion in the warm water layer in face, storehouse, storehouse, three part of cold water layer under storehouse on the whole, the most increasing of water temperature stratified type reservoir warm cooling phenomenon all carries out at warm water layer (temperature change layer), warm water layer the following is the relatively rapid mesolimnion of variations in temperature (thermocline), and mesolimnion the following is the cold water layer (stagnant temperature layer) that heat is difficult to exchange。
For water temperature stratified type reservoir, in summer, relatively stable mesolimnion is defined after water temperature delamination, front waters, dam water temperature remains unchanged in the horizontal direction, only there is change in vertical direction, and the vertical density gradient caused by water temperature (following water body weight, above water body are light) up and down is difficult to generation and oozes mixed, defines the horizontal laminar flow becoming a mandarin and going out stream；According to China's major part water temperature stratified type reservoir statistics, under its storehouse in summer face warm water layer and storehouse, the cold water layer temperature difference is up to 15～20 DEG C。
In the fall, water temperature stratified type reservoir superficial water temperature reduces, and density increases, and face, storehouse sinks under water, produces convection phenomena, enters the convection current phase, so becomes a mandarin and goes out the flowing of stream, and it is mixed to add uniformly oozing of water, makes storehouse water temperature reach to be uniformly distributed。
In the winter time, before water temperature stratified type reservoir dam, surface water water temperature is substantially at and is uniformly distributed, and part water temperature stratified type reservoir is also possible to form surface ice sheet, and ice sheet is presented herein below the water of 4 DEG C, water body inversion layer distributed before formation dam in winter。
After arriving spring, the input of reservoir upper strata heat, more than expenditure, makes reservoir surface temperature raise, during close to 4 DEG C, it may occur that the water quality exchanges between water layer up and down, and as met high wind, then the water of the full degree of depth reaches uniform density distribution, and water temperature of reservoir is also uniformly distributed。
Arriving along with summer next year, reservoir surface temperature raises, owing to external force affects, heat transmits to deeper, warm and light water layer is formed on surface, cold and heavy water distribution is in bottom of the reservior, if mixing can not adequately compensate for the vertical distribution of this temperature and density, then forms water temperature of reservoir hierarchy in summer。This water temperature stratified type reservoir occurs in larger more, and the large reservoir that current are slower。
At present, the study mechanism of the mixed inversion dynamic rule of vertical water temperature structure ginseng of front waters, China's water temperature stratified type reservoir dam Various Seasonal is little, in particular for the mixed inversion effect observational study of vertical water temperature ginseng before water temperature delamination reservoir dam, more it is in the blank stage, the technical method that before water temperature delamination reservoir dam, the mixed inversion effect of vertical water temperature ginseng is observed and requirement lack effective unification of Guidelines or specification, observing buoy quality ubiquity systematicness, representative, the problems such as reliability is not strong, to improving China river, the water body water temperature Changing Pattern Study on Mathematic Model such as reservoir, the reference significance of the work such as empirical equation improvement and software for calculation exploitation thereof is little, the science that can not well instruct Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering environmental effect systematic development work is carried out。
Therefore, before how carrying out water temperature delamination reservoir dam, the mixed inversion effect of vertical water temperature ginseng is observed, the Influencing Mechanism of the mixed inversion Changing Pattern of vertical water temperature structure ginseng of research front waters, water temperature stratified type reservoir dam Various Seasonal, and the systematic study for carrying out associated environmental impacts performs technical support, it is very necessary。
Summary of the invention
For solving the problems referred to above, before the invention provides a kind of reservoir dam, vertical water temperature ginseng mixes inversion effect observation procedure and device。The mixed inversion dynamic rule situation of vertical water temperature structure ginseng according to front waters, water temperature stratified type reservoir dam Various Seasonal, the mixed inversion effect observation procedure of vertical water temperature ginseng before water temperature delamination reservoir dam is made requirement, operating technology level and quality of achievement is observed, thus overcoming the deficiencies in the prior art with the mixed inversion effect of vertical water temperature ginseng before improving water temperature delamination reservoir dam。
The present invention is achieved by following technical solution。
The mixed inversion effect observation procedure of vertical water temperature ginseng before a kind of reservoir dam, the mixed inversion of vertical water temperature structure ginseng that the method is according to front waters, water temperature stratified type reservoir dam Various Seasonal dynamically changes reality, it is proposed that the observation vertical line that before water temperature delamination reservoir dam, the mixed inversion of vertical water temperature ginseng dynamically changes is laid, vertical line measuring point is laid and the observation working cycle arranges；
The observation vertical line that before described water temperature delamination reservoir dam, the mixed inversion of vertical water temperature ginseng dynamically changes is laid, referring to that the mixed inversion of vertical water temperature ginseng dynamically changes observation vertical line before front waters, water temperature stratified type reservoir dam certain limit lays some dams, the vertical water temperature structure to observe front waters, dam Various Seasonal joins the mixed dynamic situation of change of inversion；
The vertical line measuring point that before described water temperature delamination reservoir dam, the mixed inversion of vertical water temperature ginseng dynamically changes is laid, refer to according to water depth before dam and observation operating accuracy requirement, before the dam laid, the mixed inversion of vertical water temperature ginseng dynamically changes and takes automatic Observation, artificial observation or automatic Observation to add the mode of artificial observation on observation vertical line, and the vertical water temperature structure to observe front waters, dam Various Seasonal joins the mixed dynamic situation of change of inversion；
The observation working cycle that before described water temperature delamination reservoir dam, the mixed inversion of vertical water temperature ginseng dynamically changes arranges, refer to according to front waters, the water temperature stratified type reservoir Various Seasonal dam vertical ginseng of water body mixed inversion, water quality exchanges situation of change, in conjunction with front waters, Various Seasonal dam vertical water temperature change reality, before dam, the mixed inversion of vertical water temperature ginseng dynamically changes the mode taking long-term automatic Observation or regular artificial observation or long-term automatic Observation to add regular artificial observation on observation vertical line, and the vertical water temperature structure to observe front waters, dam Various Seasonal joins the mixed dynamic situation of change of inversion。
Before the some dams of described laying, the mixed inversion of vertical water temperature ginseng dynamically changes observation vertical line, refer to according to observation operating accuracy requirement, respectively on the deeply great line in river course, front reservoir area, dam with water inlet centrage on lay some dams before the mixed inversion of vertical water temperature ginseng dynamically change observation vertical line, vertical line specifically lays number, position distribution should be determined according to accuracy of observation job requirement in observation, and the spacing that each observation vertical line is laterally and longitudinally gone up in river course should at 200 meters～500 meters。
Before described dam, the mixed inversion of vertical water temperature ginseng dynamically changes the concrete of observation vertical line and arranges that quantity is as follows:
When front waters, dam width is within 500 meters, water temperature observation vertical line is 1～2, wherein at least provided with 1 on the deeply great line in river course, front reservoir area, dam；
When front waters, dam width is at 500 meters to 1000 meters, water temperature observation vertical line is preferably 2～3, and wherein river course, front reservoir area, dam is deeply expanded on line, at least respectively arranged 1 on water inlet centrage；
When front waters, dam width is at 1000 meters to 2000 meters, water temperature observation vertical line is preferably 3～5, and wherein river course, front reservoir area, dam is deeply expanded on line, at least respectively arranged 1 on water inlet centrage；
When front waters, dam width is more than 2000 meters, concrete water temperature observation vertical line is laid quantity and should be required to be arranged according to observation operating accuracy, and wherein river course, front reservoir area, dam is deeply expanded on line, at least respectively arranged 1 on water inlet centrage。
Before described dam, the mixed inversion of vertical water temperature ginseng dynamically changes automatic Observation, refers to that before dam the mixed inversion of vertical water temperature ginseng dynamically changes and arranges water temperature automatic observation device on observation vertical line, with the mixed dynamic situation of change of inversion of front waters, Continuous Observation dam vertical water temperature ginseng。
Before described dam, the mixed inversion of vertical water temperature ginseng dynamically changes artificial observation, referring to that before dam the mixed inversion of vertical water temperature ginseng dynamically changes takes water temperature observation instrument to carry out the mode of artificial observation on observation vertical line, with the mixed dynamic situation of change of inversion of front waters, periodic observation dam vertical water temperature ginseng。
The mixed inversion effect observation device of vertical water temperature ginseng before a kind of reservoir dam, including ball float, probe chain and be arranged on the some water-temperature water-level online observations probe on probe chain, described probe chain is connected to ball float bottom, and described probe chain lower end is additionally provided with mass。
Described ball float is float on reservoir surface and bear the buoyancy aid of certain counterweight, and floating ball diameter is determined according to buoyancy needed for counterweight。
Described water-temperature water-level online observation probe is the water-temperature water-level sensor with remote data on-line normalization function, and its temperature measurement resolution is 0.01 DEG C, and precision is 0.1 DEG C, ranges for-40～100 DEG C, and water level measurement accuracy is 0.1 meter。
Described water-temperature water-level online observation probe adopts battery as power supply, adopts the stainless steel casing encapsulation of 0.2 millimeter of wall thickness。
Described water-temperature water-level online observation probe mixed inversion of vertical water temperature ginseng before dam dynamically changes and is placed equidistant on observation vertical line, and spacing is 2 meters to 10 meters。
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
Adopt observation procedure of the present invention and device, improve water temperature change and regularity of distribution systematic observation operating technology level and the quality of achievement of the water bodys such as China river, reservoir, overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, promote the water body water temperature Changing Pattern Study on Mathematic Model such as China river, reservoir further, empirical equation is improved and software for calculation development and research level, to promoting, technical progress of industry is significant, and it is economical, social, obvious environment benefit。
Compared with prior art, the present invention joins mixed inversion according to the vertical water temperature structure of front waters, China's water temperature stratified type reservoir dam Various Seasonal and dynamically changes reality, the observation vertical line that before proposing water temperature delamination reservoir dam, the mixed inversion of vertical water temperature ginseng dynamically changes is laid, vertical line measuring point is laid and observes the methods such as working cycle arrangement and technology requirement, the mixed inversion effect of vertical water temperature ginseng before water temperature delamination reservoir dam is carried out comprehensively, effectively covered, it is ensured that vertical water temperature the ginseng mixed systematicness of inversion effect observing buoy, representativeness, reliability before water temperature delamination reservoir dam。
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the mixed inversion effect observation vertical line floor map of vertical water temperature ginseng before Guangzhao Hydropower Station reservoir dam of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the mixed inversion effect observation device generalized section of vertical water temperature ginseng before reservoir dam of the present invention。
In figure: the deeply great line in river course, front reservoir area, 1-dam and warning cable intersection water temperature automatic Observation vertical line, the deeply great line in river course, front reservoir area, 2-dam and water inlet centrage intersection water temperature artificial observation vertical line, 3-warns cable, 4-Guangzhao Hydropower Station dam, 5-Guangzhao Hydropower Station water inlet, the deeply great line in river course, front reservoir area, 6-dam, 7-water inlet centrage, 8-ball float, 9-water-temperature water-level online observation is popped one's head in, 10-pops one's head in chain, 11-shot。
Detailed description of the invention
Technical scheme is further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, but described in the scope claimed is not limited to。
The mixed inversion effect observation procedure of vertical water temperature ginseng before a kind of reservoir dam of the present invention, the mixed inversion of vertical water temperature structure ginseng that the method is according to front waters, water temperature stratified type reservoir dam Various Seasonal dynamically changes reality, the laying of observation vertical line, the laying of vertical line measuring point and observation working cycle that before proposing water temperature delamination reservoir dam, the mixed inversion of vertical water temperature ginseng dynamically changes arrange, and mix the systematicness of inversion effect observing buoy, representativeness, reliability with vertical water temperature ginseng before guaranteeing water temperature delamination reservoir dam。
The observation vertical line that before described water temperature delamination reservoir dam, the mixed inversion of vertical water temperature ginseng dynamically changes is laid, referring to that the mixed inversion of vertical water temperature ginseng dynamically changes observation vertical line before front waters, water temperature stratified type reservoir dam certain limit lays some dams, the vertical water temperature structure to observe front waters, dam Various Seasonal joins the mixed dynamic situation of change of inversion；
Described on dam front waters certain limit lay water temperature observation vertical line, refer to the reservoir area topographic features according to front waters, dam, and consider observation instrument safe operation requirement lay dam before the mixed inversion of vertical water temperature ginseng dynamically change observation vertical line。Observation vertical line should be laid on the deeply great line in river course, front reservoir area, dam or on water inlet centrage, and lay according to Flow Field Distribution before reservoir dam and water inlet is actual, note the safe distance certain with intake and the maintenance of border, sluice influence waters, this safe distance should more than 100 meters, to guarantee that observation instrument by water body flow before dam, security incident is not occurred。
Before the some dams of described laying, the mixed inversion of vertical water temperature ginseng dynamically changes observation vertical line, refer to according to observation operating accuracy requirement, respectively on the deeply great line in river course, front reservoir area, dam with water inlet centrage on lay some dams before the mixed inversion of vertical water temperature ginseng dynamically change observation vertical line, vertical line specifically lays number, position distribution should be determined according to accuracy of observation job requirement in observation, the spacing that each observation vertical line is laterally and longitudinally gone up in river course at 200 meters～500 meters, should be advisable effectively controlling entirety border, front waters, dam。Its concrete arrangement is as follows:
When front waters, dam width is within 500 meters, water temperature observation vertical line is preferably 1～2, wherein at least provided with 1 on the deeply great line in river course, front reservoir area, dam。
When front waters, dam width is at 500 meters to 1000 meters, water temperature observation vertical line is preferably 2～3, and wherein river course, front reservoir area, dam is deeply expanded on line, at least respectively arranged 1 on water inlet centrage。
When front waters, dam width is at 1000 meters to 2000 meters, water temperature observation vertical line is preferably 3～5, and wherein river course, front reservoir area, dam is deeply expanded on line, at least respectively arranged 1 on water inlet centrage。
When front waters, dam width is more than 2000 meters, concrete water temperature observation vertical line is laid quantity and should be required to be arranged according to observation operating accuracy, and wherein river course, front reservoir area, dam is deeply expanded on line, at least respectively arranged 1 on water inlet centrage。
The vertical line measuring point that before described water temperature delamination reservoir dam, the mixed inversion of vertical water temperature ginseng dynamically changes is laid, refer to according to water depth before dam and observation operating accuracy requirement, before the dam laid, the mixed inversion of vertical water temperature ginseng dynamically changes and takes automatic Observation, artificial observation or automatic Observation to add the mode of artificial observation on observation vertical line, and the vertical water temperature structure to observe front waters, dam Various Seasonal joins the mixed dynamic situation of change of inversion。
Before described dam, the mixed inversion of vertical water temperature ginseng dynamically changes automatic Observation, refers to that before dam the mixed inversion of vertical water temperature ginseng dynamically changes and arranges water temperature automatic observation device on observation vertical line, with the mixed dynamic situation of change of inversion of front waters, Continuous Observation dam vertical water temperature ginseng。
As shown in Figure 2, before dam of the present invention, the mixed inversion effect observation device of vertical water temperature ginseng includes ball float 8, probe chain 10 and the some water-temperature water-level online observations probe 9 being arranged on probe chain 10, wirerope pattern taked by described probe chain 10,9 are popped one's head in for vertical layout water-temperature water-level online observation, described probe chain 10 is connected to ball float 8 bottom, and its length is determined according to the front waters observation in the dam depth of water；Described probe chain 10 lower end is additionally provided with mass, mass be shot 11 grade can suspension type weight, be used for guaranteeing that probe chain 10 keeps vertical, reduce the influence of fluctuations to probe chain of the reservoir transverse direction water body flow。
Described ball float 8 is float on reservoir surface and bear the buoyancy aid of certain counterweight, and ball float 8 diameter is determined according to buoyancy needed for counterweight, the characteristic such as material should possess shock resistance collision, anti-suppresses, anticorrosive, aging resistance。Ball float 8 should depend on and be installed on the relatively-stationary facility in front waters, water temperature stratified type reservoir dam, and the warning cable 3 of reservoir surface as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the reservoir area hydrology survey the positions such as ship, and to guarantee that observation instrument is not affected by Reservoir region current etc. and damages。
Described water-temperature water-level online observation probe 9 is the water-temperature water-level sensor with remote data on-line normalization function, its temperature measurement resolution is 0.01 DEG C, precision is 0.1 DEG C, range for-40～100 DEG C, water level measurement accuracy is 0.1 meter, working depth scope is up to 200 meters, and water temperature, the waterlevel data record frequency can interval at 10～180 minutes arbitrarily be arranged。Water-temperature water-level online observation probe 9 employing batteries as power supply, adopt the stainless steel casing encapsulation of only 0.2 millimeter of wall thickness, and amount of stored heat is minimum, and susceptiveness is high, have shock resistance collision, anti-suppress, the characteristic such as anticorrosive, aging resistance。
Described water-temperature water-level online observation probe 9 mixed inversion of vertical water temperature ginseng before dam dynamically changes and is placed equidistant on observation vertical line, spacing is generally 2 meters to 10 meters, if the actual measurement water temperature temperature difference is more than 0.2 DEG C between biphase adjacent water-temperature water-level online observation probe 9, then increase water-temperature water-level online observation probe 9 in interval, concrete spacing is laid effectively to be covered as suitable to the mixed inversion effect of water temperature ginseng of cold water layer under mesolimnion, storehouse in face, storehouse, front waters, water temperature stratified type reservoir dam warm water layer, storehouse。
Before described dam, the mixed inversion of vertical water temperature ginseng dynamically changes artificial observation, referring to that before dam the mixed inversion of vertical water temperature ginseng dynamically changes takes water temperature observation instrument to carry out the mode of artificial observation on observation vertical line, with the mixed dynamic situation of change of inversion of front waters, periodic observation dam vertical water temperature ginseng。
Described water temperature observation instrument, refers to automatically record the depth of water, the isoparametric instrument of water temperature, the resolution of its cooling-water temperature sensor be 0.01 DEG C and more than, precision be ± 0.15 DEG C and more than, measuring range-5～100 DEG C, water depth sensor precision be 0.3 meter and more than, working depth scope 0～500 meter；Cooling-water temperature sensor is without calibration, and water depth sensor can give field calibration according to locality, testing position atmospheric pressure。
Described artificial observation mode, refer to that consideration front waters, the dam mixed inversion of vertical water temperature ginseng dynamically changes reality, in face, storehouse, front waters, water temperature stratified type reservoir dam warm water layer, storehouse, under mesolimnion, storehouse, the different water temperature structure sheafs such as cold water layer are laid measuring point respectively, and are set up measuring point according to temperature difference situation between adjacent measuring point。Measuring point in the warm water layer of face, storehouse is generally laid in below the water surface 0.5 meter；In storehouse, the measuring point in mesolimnion generally lays 1 along vertical line depth of water direction at interval of 3.0 meters, if the temperature difference is more than 0.2 DEG C between two adjacent measuring points, then increases measuring point in interval；Under storehouse, the measuring point in cold water layer generally lays 1 along vertical line depth of water direction at interval of 5.0 meters, if the temperature difference is more than 0.2 DEG C between two adjacent measuring points, then increases measuring point in interval。During observation, water temperature observation instrument is placed on the tested point specifying water temperature observation vertical line, sufficient dwell time, general at least 15 seconds, stablize and automatically record vertical measuring point water temperature and bathymetric data until instrument readings after, probe is moved to next measuring point, until whole piece vertical line has been observed, reclaim probe on-the-spot backup observation instrument related data。
The observation working cycle that before described water temperature delamination reservoir dam, the mixed inversion of vertical water temperature ginseng dynamically changes arranges, refer to according to front waters, the water temperature stratified type reservoir Various Seasonal dam vertical ginseng of water body mixed inversion, water quality exchanges situation of change, in conjunction with front waters, Various Seasonal dam vertical water temperature change reality, before dam, the mixed inversion of vertical water temperature ginseng dynamically changes the mode taking long-term automatic Observation or regular artificial observation or long-term automatic Observation to add regular artificial observation on observation vertical line, and the vertical water temperature structure to observe front waters, dam Various Seasonal joins the mixed dynamic situation of change of inversion。
Before described dam, the mixed inversion of vertical water temperature ginseng dynamically changes long-term automatic Observation, refer to that before dam the mixed inversion of vertical water temperature ginseng dynamically changes and observation vertical line arranges water temperature automatic observation device with within the observation working cycle of a water year or multiple water year, automatically, the continuous print observation mixed dynamic situation of change of inversion of front waters, dam vertical water temperature ginseng, the water temperature of water temperature automatic observation device, the waterlevel data record frequency should between 30～180 minutes。
Before described dam, the mixed inversion of vertical water temperature ginseng dynamically changes regular artificial observation, refer to the four seasons spring, summer, autumn and winter alternate situation in the observation working cycle according to a water year or multiple water year, before dam, the mixed inversion of vertical water temperature ginseng dynamically changes and takes the mode of regular artificial observation to give periodic observation on observation vertical line, according to observation operating accuracy requirement, each issue Continuous Observation 1～3 day, observes 1 time (observation time is typically in 08:00) every day。
A, initial stage in spring, before water temperature stratified type reservoir dam, water body upper strata heat inputs more than expenditure, makes reservoir surface temperature raise, during close to 4 DEG C, it may occur that the water quality exchanges phenomenon between water layer up and down, after exchange, before dam, water temperature reaches to be uniformly distributed。Therefore, the regular artificial observation during initial stage in spring levels water quality exchanges should observe a phase at 3～7 days, and before spring dam, the regular artificial observation during even water temperature distribution should observe a phase at 15～30 days。
B, initial stage in summer, the equally distributed water body of density before water temperature stratified type reservoir dam, along with reservoir surface temperature raises, heat transmits to deeper, gradually forms warm and light water layer at reservoir surface, then forms cold and weight water layer in bottom of the reservior。Therefore, initial stage in summer reservoir surface heat transmit to deeper during regular artificial observation should observe a phase at 3～7 days, before summer dam, the regular artificial observation during water temperature stability layer distributed should observe a phase at 15～30 days。
C, initial stage in autumn, before water temperature stratified type reservoir dam, superficial water temperature reduction, density increase, and face, storehouse sinks under water, enter the convection current phase of levels water body, and after convection current, before dam, water temperature reaches to be uniformly distributed。Therefore, the regular artificial observation during the reservoir levels water body convection current of initial stage in autumn should observe a phase at 3～7 days, and before autumn dam, the regular artificial observation during even water temperature distribution should observe a phase at 15～30 days。
D, winter, before water temperature stratified type reservoir dam, surface water water temperature is substantially at and is uniformly distributed, and part water temperature stratified type reservoir is also possible to form surface ice sheet, and ice sheet is presented herein below the water of 4 DEG C, water body inversion layer distributed before formation dam in winter。Therefore, before dam in winter even water temperature distribution or inversion distribution during regular artificial observation should 15～30 days observe a phase。
Below in conjunction with dish river, north Guangzhao Hydropower Station embodiment, the present invention program is described in further detail。
(1) engineering and water temperature of reservoir layer distributed feature overview:
Guangzhao Hydropower Station is a maximum step hydropower station and backbone reservoir on the dish Jiang Ganliu of north, it is positioned at north, Guizhou Province dish Jiang Zhongyou, have based on generating, take into account the comprehensive utilization functions such as shipping, its reservoir operation scheme is 745m, and level of dead water is 691m, and diversion tunnel import floor elevation is 670m, for incomplete carry-over storage, the water temperature of reservoir belongs to laminated devices structure。
Illumination reservoir operation scheme 745m, level of dead water 691m, diversion tunnel import floor elevation is 670m, maximum water depth 150m before dam, reservoir level generally all changes between 745～710.5m, normal flow year water level in August to November substantially remains in close to 745m, and December gradually decreases down 710.5m to water level in April, and May substantially remains in 710.5m to July。Only continuous dry years, reservoir level just disappears and falls level of dead water 691m。According to water temperature prediction before dam and early stage observing buoy, illumination reservoir can before spring and winter dam occurring even water temperature distribution situation, and during water temperature stability layering in summer, before Guangzhao Hydropower Station dam, water body water temperature also can present dual temperature spring layer feature, generally: the gentle solar radiation of being bullied of about 0～10m below reservoir surface is top layer thermocline, about 10～50m temperature rate of change below reservoir surface is less, about 50～70m below reservoir surface is bottom thermocline, is the stagnant temperature layer in bottom of the reservior gradually under more than the 70m degree of depth。
(2) the observation vertical line that before dam, the mixed inversion of vertical water temperature ginseng dynamically changes is laid:
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, before Guangzhao Hydropower Station dam, in 1km, waters, reservoir area mean breadth is 600m, wherein the narrowest place 460m, the widest part 770m。Warn cable 3 across reservoir surface, the long 900m of warning cable 3 before 700m place, dam upstream is provided with dam。
Actual according to front waters, Guangzhao Hydropower Station dam landform, observation operating accuracy and consideration observation instrument safe operation requirement, amount to the observation vertical line that before laying 2 dams, the mixed inversion of vertical water temperature ginseng dynamically changes, that is: the deeply great line in river course, front reservoir area, dam and warning cable intersection water temperature automatic Observation vertical line 1 (distance dam 700m), the deeply great line in river course, front reservoir area, dam and water inlet centrage intersection's water temperature artificial observation vertical line 2 (distance water inlet 250m), article 2, the observation vertical line that before dam, the mixed inversion of vertical water temperature ginseng dynamically changes is at a distance of 500m, enough safe distances are all maintained with intake and border, sluice influence waters。
(3) before dam, the mixed inversion of vertical water temperature ginseng dynamically changes the laying of water temperature automatic observation device:
Vertical water temperature structure distribution situation of change according to Guangzhao Hydropower Station reservoir dam front waters Various Seasonal, the deeply great line in river course, front reservoir area, dam is laid as follows with warning water temperature automatic observation device on cable intersection water temperature automatic Observation vertical line:
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, maximum water depth 150m before Guangzhao Hydropower Station dam, but the stagnant temperature layer in the essentially bottom of the reservior of 70m below reservoir surface, water temperature automatic Observation job requirement is dynamically changed for the mixed inversion of vertical water temperature ginseng before meeting dam, the length warning cable 3 water-temperature water-level online observation probe chain 10 before dam is arranged to 100m, observes requirement to 30m interval water temperature below the long-term stagnant temperature stratum boundary line in bottom of the reservior meeting reservoir surface。
Warning cable 3 water-temperature water-level observation device observation ball float 8 to take PE rotational moulding ball float before dam, diameter is 800mm, possesses shock resistance collision, anti-suppresses, the characteristic such as anticorrosive, aging resistance。Probe chain 10 wirerope diameter position 0.4cm, takes 10kg shot 11 counterweight in probe chain 10 bottom, is suspended on below the water-temperature water-level online observation probe 9 of probe chain 10 end。
The water-temperature water-level online observation of probe chain 10 is popped one's head in and 9 vertical is arranged as: amount to that to lay water-temperature water-level online observation probe 9 be 21, wherein: ball float less than 8 2m lays 1, and all the other 20 are arranged in ball float less than 8 5m, 10m, 15m, 20m, 25m, 30m, 35m, 40m, 45m, 50m, 55m, 60m, 65m, 70m, 75m, 80m, 85m, 90m, 95m, 100m。
The temperature measurement resolution warning the water-temperature water-level online observation probe 9 of cable 3 before dam is 0.01 DEG C, and precision is 0.1 DEG C, ranges for-40～100 DEG C, and water level measurement accuracy is 0.1m, and working depth ranges for 0～200m。Water-temperature water-level online observation probe 9 employing battery, as power supply, is arranged to every 30 minutes records water temperature, water-level observation data, and this mode battery life is 1 year。Employing stainless steel casing encapsulates, and only has the wall thickness of 0.2mm, has an only small amount of stored heat, adopts the fluid sealant that heat conductivity is high, it is ensured that the high sensitivity of sensor, minimum temperature delay, has shock resistance collision, anti-suppresses, the characteristic such as anticorrosive, aging resistance。The water temperature data that water-temperature water-level online observation probe gathers is stored to laboratory designated computer by China Mobile's GPRS data communications platform reception。
(4) before dam, the mixed inversion of vertical water temperature ginseng dynamically changes artificial observation and cycle arrangement:
1) observation instrument and execute-in-place situation
Adopting YSI6600 multi-parameter water quality monitor, this instrument can record the parameters such as the depth of water of the vertical water body of reservoir, water temperature automatically, and the resolution of its cooling-water temperature sensor is 0.01 DEG C, precision is ± 0.15 DEG C, scope-5～50 DEG C, the precision of water depth sensor is 0.3m, working depth scope 0～200m。Cooling-water temperature sensor is without calibration, and water depth sensor gives field calibration according to locality, testing position atmospheric pressure。
During on-the-spot artificial observation, YSI6600 multi-parameter water quality monitor probe is placed on the tested point specifying observation vertical line, sufficient dwell time (about 20 seconds), stablize and automatically record vertical measuring point water temperature and bathymetric data until instrument readings after, probe is moved to next measuring point, until whole piece vertical line has been observed, reclaims probe, monitor main frame is connected with portable computer, each vertical line water temperature observed result scene is backed up。
For ensureing that water temperature artificial observation vertical line position maintains predeterminated position, and ensure the safety of observation personnel, instrument, in YSI6600 multi-parameter water quality monitor, binding arranges the iron hammer of 10kg weight to make counterweight, mechanical power type taked by observation vessel, if security official utilizes Nikon 1200S laser rangefinder telescope (measuring range 10～1100m, accuracy in measurement ± 0.5m) determined observation vertical line position situation of change, pointed out observation vessel operator to adjust observation vertical line position by security official when position skew is more than 10m。Synchronous recording observation moment, position and corresponding temperature during observation。
2) observation cycle arrangement
From in November, 2011 in November, 2012, before having carried out the Guangzhao Hydropower Station dam of a complete water year (normal flow year), the mixed inversion of vertical water temperature ginseng dynamically changes artificial observation, and each season observation cycle arrangement is specific as follows:
Winter: observation cycle is in November, 2011～2012 year January, respectively on November 8th, 2011 (the Beginning of Winter) to 9 days, 2011 on December 7, (heavy snow) on January 6th, 8 days 1 (Slight Cold) to 7 days respectively one phase of observation, subtotal 3 phase。
Spring: observation cycle is in February, 2012～in April, 2012, respectively on February 4th, 2011 (the beginning of spring) to 5 days, on February 11 to 12,18 to 19 February (rainwater), March 5 (Waking of Insects (3rd solar term)) to 6 days, March 20 (Spring Equinox) to 21 days, on April 5 to 6, April 20 (grain rains) to 21 days respectively one phase of observation, subtotal 7 phase。
Summer: observation cycle is in May, 2012～in July, 2012, respectively on May 5th, 2012 (the Beginning of summer) to 6 days, on May 12 to 13, on May 19 to 20, June 5 (Grain in Ear) to 6 days, June 21 (Summer Solstice) to 22 days, July 7 (Slight Heat) to 8 days, July 22 (Great Heat) to 23 days respectively one phase of observation, subtotal 7 phase。
Autumn: observation cycle is in August, 2012～in November, 2012, respectively on August 7th, 2012 (the beginning of autumn) to 8 days, on August 14 to 15, August from twenty-first to twenty-second, 6 to 7 (White Dew), JIUYUE of JIUYUE from twenty-first to twenty-second (Autumnal Equinox), October 8 (Cold Dew) to 9 days, October 23 (Frost's Descent) to 24 days, November 7 (the Beginning of Winter) to 8 days respectively one phase of observation, subtotal 8 phase。
Thus, before Guangzhao Hydropower Station dam, the mixed inversion of vertical water temperature ginseng dynamically changes artificial observation and amounts to phase water year 25。
Claims (10)
1. the mixed inversion effect observation procedure of vertical water temperature ginseng before a reservoir dam, it is characterized in that: the mixed inversion of vertical water temperature structure ginseng that the method is according to front waters, water temperature stratified type reservoir dam Various Seasonal dynamically changes reality, it is proposed that the observation vertical line that before water temperature delamination reservoir dam, the mixed inversion of vertical water temperature ginseng dynamically changes is laid, vertical line measuring point is laid and the observation working cycle arranges；
The observation vertical line that before described water temperature delamination reservoir dam, the mixed inversion of vertical water temperature ginseng dynamically changes is laid, referring to that the mixed inversion of vertical water temperature ginseng dynamically changes observation vertical line before front waters, water temperature stratified type reservoir dam certain limit lays some dams, the vertical water temperature structure to observe front waters, dam Various Seasonal joins the mixed dynamic situation of change of inversion；
The vertical line measuring point that before described water temperature delamination reservoir dam, the mixed inversion of vertical water temperature ginseng dynamically changes is laid, refer to according to water depth before dam and observation operating accuracy requirement, before the dam laid, the mixed inversion of vertical water temperature ginseng dynamically changes and takes automatic Observation, artificial observation or automatic Observation to add the mode of artificial observation on observation vertical line, and the vertical water temperature structure to observe front waters, dam Various Seasonal joins the mixed dynamic situation of change of inversion；
The observation working cycle that before described water temperature delamination reservoir dam, the mixed inversion of vertical water temperature ginseng dynamically changes arranges, refer to according to front waters, the water temperature stratified type reservoir Various Seasonal dam vertical ginseng of water body mixed inversion, water quality exchanges situation of change, in conjunction with front waters, Various Seasonal dam vertical water temperature change reality, before dam, the mixed inversion of vertical water temperature ginseng dynamically changes the mode taking long-term automatic Observation or regular artificial observation or long-term automatic Observation to add regular artificial observation on observation vertical line, and the vertical water temperature structure to observe front waters, dam Various Seasonal joins the mixed dynamic situation of change of inversion。
2. the mixed inversion effect observation procedure of vertical water temperature ginseng before a kind of reservoir dam according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: before the some dams of described laying, the mixed inversion of vertical water temperature ginseng dynamically changes observation vertical line, refer to according to observation operating accuracy requirement, respectively on the deeply great line in river course, front reservoir area, dam with water inlet centrage on lay some dams before the mixed inversion of vertical water temperature ginseng dynamically change observation vertical line, vertical line specifically lays number, position distribution should be determined according to accuracy of observation job requirement in observation, and the spacing that each observation vertical line is laterally and longitudinally gone up in river course should at 200 meters～500 meters。
3. the mixed inversion effect observation procedure of vertical water temperature ginseng before a kind of reservoir dam according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: before described dam, the mixed inversion of vertical water temperature ginseng dynamically changes the concrete of observation vertical line and arranges that quantity is as follows:
When front waters, dam width is within 500 meters, water temperature observation vertical line is 1～2, wherein at least provided with 1 on the deeply great line in river course, front reservoir area, dam；
When front waters, dam width is at 500 meters to 1000 meters, water temperature observation vertical line is preferably 2～3, and wherein river course, front reservoir area, dam is deeply expanded on line, at least respectively arranged 1 on water inlet centrage；
When front waters, dam width is at 1000 meters to 2000 meters, water temperature observation vertical line is preferably 3～5, and wherein river course, front reservoir area, dam is deeply expanded on line, at least respectively arranged 1 on water inlet centrage；
When front waters, dam width is more than 2000 meters, concrete water temperature observation vertical line is laid quantity and should be required to be arranged according to observation operating accuracy, and wherein river course, front reservoir area, dam is deeply expanded on line, at least respectively arranged 1 on water inlet centrage。
4. the mixed inversion effect observation procedure of vertical water temperature ginseng before a kind of reservoir dam according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: before described dam, the mixed inversion of vertical water temperature ginseng dynamically changes automatic Observation, refer to that before dam the mixed inversion of vertical water temperature ginseng dynamically changes and observation vertical line arranges water temperature automatic observation device, with the mixed dynamic situation of change of inversion of front waters, Continuous Observation dam vertical water temperature ginseng。
5. the mixed inversion effect observation procedure of vertical water temperature ginseng before a kind of reservoir dam according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: before described dam, the mixed inversion of vertical water temperature ginseng dynamically changes artificial observation, referring to that before dam the mixed inversion of vertical water temperature ginseng dynamically changes takes water temperature observation instrument to carry out the mode of artificial observation on observation vertical line, with the mixed dynamic situation of change of inversion of front waters, periodic observation dam vertical water temperature ginseng。
6. the mixed inversion effect observation device of vertical water temperature ginseng before realization reservoir dam of method as described in claim 1 to 5 any one, it is characterized in that: include ball float (8), probe chain (10) and some water-temperature water-level online observations probe (9) being arranged on probe chain (10), described probe chain (10) is connected to ball float (8) bottom, and described probe chain (10) lower end is additionally provided with mass。
7. before requiring a kind of reservoir dam described in 6 according to claim, vertical water temperature ginseng mixes inversion effect observation device, it is characterized in that: described ball float (8) is for float on reservoir surface and to bear the buoyancy aid of certain counterweight, and ball float (8) diameter is determined according to buoyancy needed for counterweight。
8. before requiring a kind of reservoir dam described in 6 according to claim, vertical water temperature ginseng mixes inversion effect observation device, it is characterized in that: described water-temperature water-level online observation probe (9) is the water-temperature water-level sensor with remote data on-line normalization function, its temperature measurement resolution is 0.01 DEG C, precision is 0.1 DEG C, ranging for-40～100 DEG C, water level measurement accuracy is 0.1 meter。
9. before requiring a kind of reservoir dam described in 6 according to claim, vertical water temperature ginseng mixes inversion effect observation device, it is characterized in that: described water-temperature water-level online observation probe (9) adopts battery as power supply, adopts the stainless steel casing encapsulation of 0.2 millimeter of wall thickness。
10. before requiring a kind of reservoir dam described in 6 according to claim, vertical water temperature ginseng mixes inversion effect observation device, it is characterized in that: described water-temperature water-level online observation probe (9) mixed inversion of vertical water temperature ginseng before dam dynamically changes and is placed equidistant on observation vertical line, and spacing is 2 meters to 10 meters。
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610161013.6A CN105698969A (en) | 2016-03-21 | 2016-03-21 | Vertical water temperature mixing inversion effect observation method and apparatus in front of reservoir dam |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610161013.6A CN105698969A (en) | 2016-03-21 | 2016-03-21 | Vertical water temperature mixing inversion effect observation method and apparatus in front of reservoir dam |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN105698969A true CN105698969A (en) | 2016-06-22 |
Family
ID=56232095
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610161013.6A Pending CN105698969A (en) | 2016-03-21 | 2016-03-21 | Vertical water temperature mixing inversion effect observation method and apparatus in front of reservoir dam |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN105698969A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108680282A (en) * | 2018-04-18 | 2018-10-19 | 四川大学 | Vertical water temperature real-time monitoring device and method before a kind of large scale deep-water reservoir dam |
| CN110146184A (en) * | 2019-06-14 | 2019-08-20 | 自然资源部第一海洋研究所 | Anti-surging floating body, water temperature measuring device and Integrated Measurement System |
| CN111521233A (en) * | 2020-04-26 | 2020-08-11 | 蛟龙（厦门）科技有限公司 | Reservoir water level thing networking information monitoring alarm system |
| CN113704696A (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2021-11-26 | 珠江水资源保护科学研究所 | Reservoir water temperature structure discrimination method and discrimination equipment |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS58205828A (en) * | 1982-05-26 | 1983-11-30 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Sensor thrown into liquid |
| CN203785812U (en) * | 2014-03-25 | 2014-08-20 | 中国人民解放军63863部队 | Three-dimensional real-time surface water temperature measuring system |
| CN104634325A (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2015-05-20 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Reservoir water temperature change rule prototype observation method |
| CN104931154A (en) * | 2015-05-21 | 2015-09-23 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Floating type automatic observation apparatus and method for observing vertical water temperature of reservoir |
| CN105043590A (en) * | 2015-04-29 | 2015-11-11 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Continuous and automatic observation device for observing change rule of reservoir dual thermocline and method for installing device |
| CN105181179A (en) * | 2015-10-10 | 2015-12-23 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Floating generating set discharged flow water temperature observation apparatus and installation method thereof |
| CN105300558A (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2016-02-03 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Layered water-taking water-temperature observation device of reservoir stop log gate and observation method of same |
-
2016
- 2016-03-21 CN CN201610161013.6A patent/CN105698969A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS58205828A (en) * | 1982-05-26 | 1983-11-30 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Sensor thrown into liquid |
| CN203785812U (en) * | 2014-03-25 | 2014-08-20 | 中国人民解放军63863部队 | Three-dimensional real-time surface water temperature measuring system |
| CN104634325A (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2015-05-20 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Reservoir water temperature change rule prototype observation method |
| CN105043590A (en) * | 2015-04-29 | 2015-11-11 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Continuous and automatic observation device for observing change rule of reservoir dual thermocline and method for installing device |
| CN104931154A (en) * | 2015-05-21 | 2015-09-23 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Floating type automatic observation apparatus and method for observing vertical water temperature of reservoir |
| CN105181179A (en) * | 2015-10-10 | 2015-12-23 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Floating generating set discharged flow water temperature observation apparatus and installation method thereof |
| CN105300558A (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2016-02-03 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Layered water-taking water-temperature observation device of reservoir stop log gate and observation method of same |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 水利电力部标准汇编: "水库逆温", 《水利水电工程2 水文》 * |
| 脱友才等: "丰满水库水温的原型观测及分析", 《水科学进展》 * |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108680282A (en) * | 2018-04-18 | 2018-10-19 | 四川大学 | Vertical water temperature real-time monitoring device and method before a kind of large scale deep-water reservoir dam |
| CN110146184A (en) * | 2019-06-14 | 2019-08-20 | 自然资源部第一海洋研究所 | Anti-surging floating body, water temperature measuring device and Integrated Measurement System |
| WO2020248323A1 (en) * | 2019-06-14 | 2020-12-17 | 自然资源部第一海洋研究所 | Anti-surge floating body, water temperature measuring device, and integrated measurement system |
| US11499875B2 (en) | 2019-06-14 | 2022-11-15 | First Institute Of Oceanography, Mnr | Anti-surge floating body, seawater temperature measuring device and integrated measuring system |
| CN111521233A (en) * | 2020-04-26 | 2020-08-11 | 蛟龙（厦门）科技有限公司 | Reservoir water level thing networking information monitoring alarm system |
| CN113704696A (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2021-11-26 | 珠江水资源保护科学研究所 | Reservoir water temperature structure discrimination method and discrimination equipment |
| CN113704696B (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2022-05-27 | 珠江水资源保护科学研究所 | Reservoir water temperature structure discrimination method and discrimination equipment |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Spacio et al. | Parameterization of lakes in numerical weather prediction. Description of a lake model | |
| CN103424240B (en) | The temperature difference-silt coupling density current simulation experiment system | |
| CN105698969A (en) | Vertical water temperature mixing inversion effect observation method and apparatus in front of reservoir dam | |
| CN105894106A (en) | Integral coupling method of ocean model and meteorological model | |
| CN104480896B (en) | A kind of layering reservoir temperature difference-silt coupling density current simulation test device and method | |
| CN206418474U (en) | Bearing platform type oceanographic hydrological observation instrument | |
| CN105222922A (en) | Water body water temperature time space distribution observation procedure before a kind of reservoir dam | |
| CN105893672A (en) | Long and narrow watercourse type reservoir full life circle temperature field research method | |
| Xie et al. | A floating remote observation system (FROS) for full seasonal lake ice evolution studies | |
| CN205691266U (en) | The mixed inversion effect observation device of vertical water temperature ginseng before a kind of reservoir dam | |
| CN102986567A (en) | Actual measurement method of ecological regulation and control range of artificial fish reef area | |
| CN105735212B (en) | A kind of backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change observation procedure and system | |
| Earp et al. | Evaporation from Lake Mead and Lake Mohave, Nevada and Arizona, 2010–2019 | |
| CN105698968A (en) | Water temperature distribution changing observation method and system after confluence of reservoir muddy water density flow | |
| CN105588666A (en) | Method and system for observing water temperature structural damage effect under reservoir flood impact | |
| CN206096510U (en) | Island reef atmospheric boundary layer underlying structure and extra large gas flux exchange observation tower | |
| CN102768050B (en) | Full-automatic small-watershed three-stage flow measurement device and application method thereof | |
| CN206756233U (en) | For monitoring the data acquisition platform of tidal waterway section flow | |
| Xu et al. | Dual-Source Optimization of the “Diverting Water from the Yangtze River to Tai Lake (DWYRTL)” Project Based on the Euler Method | |
| CN205975467U (en) | Leading barricade upper reaches of reservoir and factory building low reaches temperature contrast observation device | |
| CN112179525A (en) | Observation system for numerical simulation input and verification of water temperature of large river reservoir | |
| Foka et al. | The effect of floating houses on water quality | |
| Qi et al. | Research on vertical distribution of water temperature in different regulation reservoirs | |
| CN105606258B (en) | A kind of ultra-wide waters cross section vertical water temperature diurnal variation law observation procedure and system | |
| CN103808908A (en) | Method for calculating soil loss amount caused by water erosion |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20160622 |