CN104634325A - Prototype observation method for reservoir water temperature change rule - Google Patents
Prototype observation method for reservoir water temperature change rule Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a prototype observation method for a reservoir water temperature change rule, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises a reservoir water temperature change rule prototype observation time point arrangement method and a reservoir water temperature change rule prototype observation space point arrangement method. The method considers long-series large-scale prototype observation of the water temperature change rule of the reservoir, and realizes synchronous connection of water temperature prototype observation periods in different hydrological, ecological and meteorological processes of the reservoir and effective coverage of longitudinal and vertical water temperature prototype observation points of water temperature characteristic changes of main and branch flows of the reservoir. The systematicness, the representativeness and the reliability of the water temperature prototype observation result are ensured. The method has important significance for improving the technical level and the achievement quality of observation work of reservoir water temperature prototypes in China, overcoming the defects of the prior art, further improving the working levels of mathematical model research, empirical formula improvement and calculation software development and research of reservoir water temperature change in China and promoting the technical progress of the industry.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to River Hydrology observation technology field, be specifically related to a kind of water temperature of reservoir Changing Pattern prototype measurement method.
Background technology
At present, the Prototype Observation of China's river water temperature of reservoir Changing Pattern distribution situation is carried out less, especially for the different hydrology of reservoir, ecological, the long series of meteorological process, the water temperature prototype measurement fundamental research of large scale is less, technical method and the requirement of water temperature of reservoir Changing Pattern Prototype Observation lack effective unification of Guidelines or specification, water temperature of reservoir Changing Pattern prototype measurement quality of achievement ubiquity systematicness, representative, the problems such as reliability is not strong, to raising China temperature of river water Changing Pattern Study on Mathematic Model, the reference significance of the work such as experimental formula improvement and software for calculation exploitation thereof is little.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to, a kind of water temperature of reservoir Changing Pattern prototype measurement method is provided, requirement is made to the water temperature Changing Pattern prototype measurement method of the different hydrology of reservoir, ecology, meteorological process, to improve water temperature of reservoir Changing Pattern Prototype Observation technical merit and quality of achievement, overcome the deficiencies in the prior art.The present invention is achieved by the following technical programs.
A kind of water temperature of reservoir Changing Pattern prototype measurement method, is characterized in that: the method comprises water temperature of reservoir Changing Pattern prototype measurement time points distributing method and water temperature of reservoir Changing Pattern prototype measurement space points distributing method.Described water temperature of reservoir Changing Pattern prototype measurement time points distributing method comprises the method for carrying out the prototype measurement of water temperature of reservoir Changing Pattern for the different hydrology of reservoir, ecology, meteorological mechanical periodicity process in different time sections; Different Hydrology Period process comprises the fluctuation in stage change procedure in wet season in the water year such as high flow year, normal flow year, low flow year of reservoir, the period when a river is at its normal level, low water season, comprises freezeup period if desired; Different ecological periodic process comprises the process in sexual cycle that reservoir mainly protects fish gonad development and Maturation and spawning; Different meteorological periodic process comprises the Four seasons change alternate cycle process in different water year.Described water temperature of reservoir Changing Pattern prototype measurement space points distributing method comprise for reservoir length, width, the degree of depth and reservoir Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches stream actual conditions longitudinally, vertical different spaces carries out water temperature of reservoir Changing Pattern prototype measurement method; The longitudinal water temperature Changing Pattern prototype measurement method of reservoir comprises determines representative sampling section according to reservoir length and interval water temperature variation characteristic, wherein emphasis considers the unexpected region of variation of water temperature of reservoir feature, such as: encrypt before and after branch afflux for branch afflux region and arrange sampling section; Reservoir vertical water temperature Changing Pattern prototype measurement method comprises determines sampled point according to reservoir width and the degree of depth on sampling section, the reservoir main stream line of each sampling section must be arranged a sampling vertical line, if reservoir width is greater than 200m, increase the number of sampling vertical line in the appropriate location of each sampling section in conjunction with actual conditions, the quantity of the water temperature test point on every bar sampling vertical line depending on this place's water the degree of depth, be at least one.
Further, described water temperature of reservoir Changing Pattern prototype measurement time points distributing method comprise reservoir level heave period process layout method, reservoir fish process in sexual cycle layout method, in water year, four seasons alternate cycle process is layouted method.The described reservoir level heave period process method of layouting refers to that choosing different time sections according to the eustasy cycle of reservoir level observes the method for layouting to water temperature of reservoir Changing Pattern prototype; The eustasy periodic packets of reservoir level is containing water level rise time section and water level decreasing time period; Implement reservoir level lifting process layout method time, carry out the prototype measurement of water temperature of reservoir Changing Pattern in reservoir level rise time section and reservoir water level descending time period respectively and layout.Described reservoir fish process in the sexual cycle method of layouting refers to that mainly protecting fish gonad development and Maturation and spawning cycle to choose different time sections according to reservoir carries out the method that the prototype measurement of water temperature of reservoir Changing Pattern layouts; Implement reservoir fish process in sexual cycle layout method time, mainly protect at reservoir and carry out the prototype measurement of water temperature of reservoir Changing Pattern between the beginning in fish reproduction season to tailend and layout.In described water year, the four seasons alternate cycle process method of layouting refers to that choosing different time sections according to the four seasons alternate cycle in different water year carries out the prototype measurement of water temperature of reservoir Changing Pattern and layout.
Further, described enforcement reservoir level lifting process layout method time, in reservoir level rise time section respectively before flood, after flood and peak level time respectively carry out the prototype measurement of a water temperature of reservoir Changing Pattern and layout, within the reservoir water level descending time period respectively in water level decreasing process and lowest water level time respectively carry out the prototype measurement of a water temperature of reservoir Changing Pattern and layout.
Further; described enforcement reservoir fish process in sexual cycle layout method time; reservoir mainly protect the breeding season of fish from choose several time periods to end and respectively carry out the prototype measurement of a water temperature of reservoir Changing Pattern respectively and layout, require that several above-mentioned time periods comprise the egg-laying season of all main protection fish.
Further, in described water year, four seasons alternate cycle process is layouted method, and carrying out in all time periods that the prototype measurement of water temperature of reservoir Changing Pattern layouts, spring, summer, autumn, any one season mid-season in winter four at least comprise one of them time period.
Further, in described reservoir vertical water temperature Changing Pattern prototype measurement method, on sampling vertical line, the method to set up of water temperature test point is: the test point first arranging test surface temperature at 0.5m place, reservoir underwater, then down in depth of water direction, a temperature test point is set at interval of 1.0 ~ 2.0m successively, and the thermograde of a test point is not more than 15% with the absolute value of the difference of the thermograde of adjacent test point and the ratio of the thermograde of this test point, the thermograde of test point refers to temperature value and the absolute value of the difference of the temperature value of test point above it of this test point.
Further, described water temperature of reservoir Changing Pattern prototype measurement space points distributing method comprises the longitudinal river water temperature zone of transition change in Reservoir region method and the reservoir Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches stream coupling that crosses of layouting and to layout method.Described Reservoir region longitudinal river water temperature zone of transition change method of layouting refer to according to the mobile situation of change of reservoir longitudinal river water temperature zone of transition different times reservoir longitudinally on sampling section be set, carry out the method that the prototype measurement of water temperature Changing Pattern layouts; Implement the longitudinal river water temperature zone of transition change in Reservoir region layout method time, need the appropriate location of water temperature zone of transition, three characteristic areas in Ba Qian water temperature delamination district in the tail water temperature mixed zone, storehouse, storehouse of reservoir that sampling section is set.The described reservoir Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches stream coupling method of layouting that crosses refers to and to converge mouth appropriate positions near in tributary and arrange sampling section according to the reservoir Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches stream coupling condition that crosses, carry out the method that the prototype measurement of water temperature Changing Pattern layouts.
Further, the longitudinal river water temperature zone of transition change in described enforcement Reservoir region layout method time, in storehouse, the region of variation that intersects of water temperature zone of transition and Ba Qian water temperature delamination district and tail water temperature mixed zone, storehouse is encrypted and is arranged sampling section.
Further, the coupling that crosses of described reservoir Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches stream layouts method when implementing, at remittance dry stream place, converge mouth tributary upstream end, converge dry stream upstream end and the dry stream downstream part that converges sampling section be set.
The innovation of water temperature of reservoir Changing Pattern prototype measurement method provided by the invention is: it is considered that the long series of water temperature of reservoir Changing Pattern, the prototype measurement of large scale, achieve effective covering of longitudinal, vertical water temperature prototype measurement point position of the different hydrology of reservoir, ecology, the synchronous linking in water temperature prototype measurement cycle of meteorological process and the change of reservoir Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches flowing water wyntet's sign.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: water temperature of reservoir Changing Pattern prototype measurement method provided by the invention, will layout the time and layout and combine in space, ensure that the systematicness of water temperature prototype measurement achievement, representativeness and reliability.To raising China's water temperature of reservoir Prototype Observation technical merit and quality of achievement, overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, further lifting China water temperature of reservoir change Study on Mathematic Model, experimental formula are improved and software for calculation development and research level, promotion technical progress of industry is significant, economic, social, obvious environment benefit.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that the longitudinal river water temperature zone of transition in Long Tan Reservoir region, Hongsuihe River changes enforcement schematic diagram of layouting;
Fig. 2 is that the Long Tan reservoir Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches stream coupling that crosses in Hongsuihe River is layouted enforcement schematic diagram;
In figure: KW-Longtan hydropower station's Reservoir Tail;
DB-Dam of Longtan Hydroelectric Project;
FC1 ~ FC9-No. 1 ~ No. 9, Ba Qian water temperature delamination district observation vertical line;
Water temperature zone of transition No. 1 ~ No. 11 observation vertical line in GD1 ~ GD11-storehouse;
KW1 ~ KW4-No. 1 ~ No. 4, tail water temperature mixed zone, storehouse observation vertical line;
BL1 ~ BL8-No. 1 ~ No. 8, cloth Liuhe confluence observation vertical line;
CD1 ~ CD6-No. 1 ~ No. 6, confluence, Durchgangshohle river observation vertical line;
ZD1 ~ ZD6-No. 1, Cao Duhe confluence ~ No. 6 observation vertical lines;
MJ1 ~ MJ6-No. 1, Meng Jiang confluence ~ No. 6 observation vertical lines.
Embodiment
The present invention program is described in further detail, described in should be appreciated that the scope of protection of present invention is not limited to for Long Tan Reservoir region, Hongsuihe River water temperature structure Changing Pattern systematic observation research.
1) background
Hongsuihe River Longtan hydropower station is the landmark project of national Implementation of Western Development and " transferring electricity from the west to the east " strategy, is major project and the backbone reservoir of Hongsuihe River hydroelectric development, and the main development task of engineering is generating, has the comprehensive benefits such as flood control, shipping concurrently.Longtan hydropower station present stage reservoir operation scheme 375m, corresponding storage capacity 162.1 hundred million m
3, level of dead water 330m, corresponding storage capacity 50.6 hundred million m
3, reservoir has a year regulating power.
The water temperature structure Changing Pattern systematic observation research of Long Tan Reservoir region, Hongsuihe River is the basic scientific research of domestic first long series of carrying out for super-huge Reservoir region water temperature structure Changing Pattern, the synchronous prototype measurement of macro-scale system; obtain the high evaluation of Environmental Protection Department, Ministry of Water Resources, significant to promotion technical progress of industry.
At present; achievement in research has been placed in Environmental Protection Department national environmental protection environmental impact assessment numerical simulation key lab Base data platform, for China's water temperature of reservoir structure discrimination model investigation, water temperature prediction experimental formula linguistic term, water temperature of reservoir mathematical model and software for calculation development research thereof etc. provide important scientific basis.
2) time layouts (line) method embodiment
Method that time layouts (line) refers to the water temperature of reservoir Changing Pattern prototype measurement method of carrying out different time in conjunction with the different hydrology of reservoir, ecology, meteorological mechanical periodicity process.Different hydrologic process refers to reservoir high flow year, normal flow year, low flow year, and the fluctuation in stage change procedure in wet season, the period when a river is at its normal level, low water season (can consider freezeup period if desired) in the water year.Different ecological process refers to that the process in sexual cycle of fish gonad development and Maturation and spawning mainly protected by reservoir.Different meteorological process refers to the Four seasons change alternation procedure in different water year.
Water temperature of reservoir Changing Pattern prototype measurement time (line) method of layouting mainly contain reservoir level lifting process layout (line) method, reservoir fish process in sexual cycle layout (line) method, in water year the four seasons alternately to layout (line) method.
A. reservoir level lifting process is layouted (line) method
Reservoir level lifting process (line) method of layouting refers to that carrying out the prototype measurement of water temperature of reservoir Changing Pattern according to the lifting process Changing Pattern of reservoir level layouts (line).The change of reservoir level lifting process mainly contain two stage-water level boost phase, water level decreasing stage.Water level boost phase is generally June ~ October, is wherein generally June ~ July before flood, after flood be August ~ October, reservoir highstand generally appear at August ~ October; The water level decreasing stage is generally November ~ June next year, and wherein reservoir lowstand period generally appears at April ~ June.Adopt reservoir level lifting process layout (line) method time, generally should consider reservoir level boost phase (before flood, after flood and peak level time each once), the reservoir water level descending stage (when water level decreasing process, lowest water level each once) carries out the prototype measurement of water temperature of reservoir Changing Pattern respectively and layouts (line).
Hongsuihe River runoff is formed by precipitation, and runoff characteristic is consistent with Rainfall Characteristics, and general wet season (May ~ October) water yield accounts for more than 79% of annual amount, and the period when a river is at its normal level and low water season (November ~ April next year) water yield only account for 21% of annual amount.Hongsuihe River flood is formed by heavy rain, May ~ September many heavy rains, especially to be June ~ August very, account for more than 70% of year volume of storm, wherein torrential rain mostly occurred in July.According to imperial beach Reservoir Operation Conditions, Long Tan Reservoir region SEA LEVEL VARIATION generally has two stages: reservoir level boost phase (i.e. June ~ October, it is June ~ July before flood, be July ~ October after flood, highstand, appears at October), the Drawdown of Reservoir Water Level stage (i.e. in November ~ June next year, lowstand period appeared at the beginning of by the end of May ~ 6 months).
To layout (line) method according to river level lifting process, the vertical artificial water temperature observational study working portion in reservoir area of Long Tan Reservoir region, Hongsuihe River water temperature structure change system observation implemented for 7 phases in first water year (normal flow year), and 7 phases observation frequency statistics is as shown in table 1.
Artificial vertical water temperature observation frequency statistics in the water year (normal flow year) of first, table 1 Long Tan Reservoir region
| Observation issue | Observe the concrete time period | River level lifting feature during observation |
| 1st phase | -12 days on the 7th November in 2011 | Be in the imperial beach reservoir high water stage runtime |
| 2nd phase | -11 days on the 8th January in 2012 | Be in the imperial beach reservoir water level descending runtime |
| 3rd phase | -22 days on the 20th March in 2012 | Be in the imperial beach reservoir water level descending runtime |
| 4th phase | -12 days on the 10th May in 2012 | Be in the imperial beach reservoir low water level operation phase |
| 5th phase | -6 days on the 4th July in 2012 | The runtime is raised before being in imperial beach reservoir level flood |
| 6th phase | -12 days on the 10th September in 2012 | The runtime is raised after being in imperial beach reservoir level flood |
| 7th phase | -3 days on the 1st Dec in 2012 | Be in the imperial beach reservoir water level descending runtime |
B. reservoir fish process in sexual cycle layouts (line)
Reservoir fish process in sexual cycle (line) method of layouting refers to that mainly protecting fish gonad development and Maturation and spawning process to carry out the prototype measurement of water temperature of reservoir Changing Pattern according to reservoir layouts (line).Fish gonad development and Maturation and spawning and water temperature in close relations, divide by breeding season, fish have two types-spring and summer Type of Spawning, autumn and winter Type of Spawning.Spring and summer in the Type of Spawning fish main egg-laying season is 3 ~ 4-7 ~ August, and lay eggs comparatively early in the area that latitude zone is on the low side, north temperate zone is then more late.Autumn and winter, Type of Spawning had cold water fishes, temperate water fishes two kinds, cold water fishes originates from high latitude band mostly, lay eggs in the fall (as chum salmon, the Coregonus ussuriensis etc.) that have, lay eggs in the winter time (as lawver and the perch etc.) that have; Temperate water fishes also has some lay eggs in the fall (as sweetfish, mandarin sturgeons etc.).Fish reproduction duration in season length, breeding fish group forms situation and water temperature of reservoir Changing Pattern is closely related; therefore; adopt reservoir fish process in sexual cycle layout (line) method time; generally should consider that mainly protecting (generally continue 1 ~ 2 month, the Sheng phase that most of individuality carries out reproduction generally concentrates on 15 ~ 20 days) between the beginning in fish reproduction season to tailend to carry out the prototype measurement of water temperature of reservoir Changing Pattern at reservoir layouts (line).
Section, Long Tan Reservoir region mainly protects fish annual March ~ September to be the egg-laying season, wherein: Met roller April ~ September, and lip dace March ~ May; Pelteobagrus fulvidraco May ~ June, Pelteobagrus vachelli April ~ May, leiocassis crassilabris August ~ September, spot Guttatus April ~ July, large fin Of-digestive-tract May ~ June, the Barbinae such as onychostoma simus, vacricorhinus gerlachi kind May ~ July.
To layout (line) method according to reservoir fish process in sexual cycle, the observation of Long Tan Reservoir region, Hongsuihe River water temperature structure change manual system implemented for 4 phases in March ~ September, and between the main protection fish egg-laying season, observed case statistics is as follows.
Table 2 Long Tan Reservoir region water temperature structure change system observation phase in main fish egg-laying season 4 artificial observation situation statistics
C. in water year, the four seasons alternately layout (line) method
In water year, the four seasons (line) method of alternately layouting refers to that replacing situation of change according to the four seasons in different water year carries out the prototype measurement of water temperature of reservoir Changing Pattern and layout (line).Water temperature of reservoir change is close with Relationship between temperature, but because the thermal capacity of water is large, the amplitude of variation of water temperature of reservoir is not as temperature, and there is hysteresis, namely temperature raises, and water temperature also can along with rising, and temperature reduces, water temperature also can decline thereupon, but water temperature raises, the speed of decline lags behind temperature significantly.In different water year, temperature cyclical variation is main alternately relevant with the four seasons, therefore, adopt the four seasons in water year alternately layout (line) method time, generally should consider temperature seasonality in different water year alternately Changing Pattern carry out the prototype measurement of water temperature of reservoir Changing Pattern and layout (line).
Alternately to layout (line) method according to the four seasons in water year, it is as follows that the Long Tan Reservoir region water temperature structure change manual system observation four seasons are alternately distributed situation statistics.
The table 3 Long Tan Reservoir region water temperature structure change manual system observation four seasons are alternately distributed situation statistics
| Observation issue | Observe the concrete time period | Four seasons alternating senses during observation |
| 1st phase | -12 days on the 7th November in 2011 | Time of the year when autumn changes into winter, the Beginning of Winter on November 8th, 2011 |
| 2nd phase | -11 days on the 8th January in 2012 | Winter, the Slight Cold on January 6th, 2012 |
| 3rd phase | -22 days on the 20th March in 2012 | Spring, the Spring Equinox on March 20th, 2012 |
| 4th phase | -12 days on the 10th May in 2012 | Summer, the Beginning of summer on May 5th, 2012 |
| 5th phase | -6 days on the 4th July in 2012 | Summer, Slight Heat on July 7th, 2012 |
| 6th phase | -12 days on the 10th September in 2012 | Autumn, White Dew on September 7th, 2012 |
| 7th phase | -3 days on the 1st Dec in 2012 | Winter, on Dec 7th, 2012 heavy snow |
3) layout (line) method embodiment in space
Method that layout in space (line) refers to the water temperature Changing Pattern prototype measurement method of carrying out reservoir longitudinal direction, vertical different spaces in conjunction with reservoir Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches stream actual conditions.Reservoir longitudinal water temperature Changing Pattern prototype measurement sampling section is laid and should be determined according to reservoir length and interval water temperature variation characteristic, note the representativeness that section is laid, and change place suddenly of water temperature of reservoir feature answers emphasis to consider, as branch afflux etc., should encrypt before and after branch afflux and lay sampling section.Reservoir vertical water temperature Changing Pattern prototype measurement sampled point (line) is laid and is determined according to reservoir width and the degree of depth, the reservoir main stream line of each sampling section in principle must be arranged a sampling vertical line, meet position and the number that when reservoir is wider than 200m, suitably should adjust each section sampling vertical line in conjunction with actual conditions; Every bar sampling vertical line up-sampling point quantity is depending on the depth of water, should arrange a sampled point in the every 1.0 ~ 2.0m in depth of water direction (under reservoir water the independent testing surface temperature of 0.5m) in principle, and sampled point thermograde is not more than 15% with the absolute value of difference of neighbouring sample point thermograde with the ratio of the thermograde of this point.
Water temperature of reservoir Changing Pattern prototype measurement space (line) method of layouting mainly contains the longitudinal river water temperature zone of transition change in Reservoir region (line) method, the reservoir Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches stream coupling that crosses of layouting and to layout (line) method.
A. the longitudinal river water temperature zone of transition in Reservoir region changes (line) method of layouting
Reservoir region longitudinal river water temperature zone of transition change (line) method of layouting refers to that moving situation of change according to reservoir longitudinal river water temperature zone of transition different times carries out the prototype measurement of water temperature Changing Pattern and layout (line).Hydrologic regime and the water body environment of Reservoir region is changed after river barrage hydraulic structure Cheng Ku, reservoir been had not only had been regulated and stored the water yield but also store heat, Reservoir region water body water temperature may be caused to occur lamination, river Stratified reservoir is generally divided into water temperature zone of transition in tail water temperature mixed zone, storehouse, storehouse, three, Ba Qian water temperature delamination district characteristic area on river course is longitudinal, and the distribution range of these three characteristic area different times on river course is longitudinal is dynamic change.Region between water temperature of reservoir demixing zone and mixed zone is zone of transition, and assurance water temperature of reservoir zone of transition different times moves situation of change and namely held the longitudinal distribution of water temperature change in reservoir river course general status.Adopt the longitudinal river water temperature zone of transition change in Reservoir region layout (line) method time, generally should consider in water temperature zone of transition and water temperature delamination district, the region of variation that intersects of water temperature mixed zone encrypts and carry out the prototype measurement of water temperature Changing Pattern and layout (line).
During dragon beach reservoir operation scheme 375m, the long 230km in storehouse, reservoir master stream, the i.e. section, master stream, Hongsuihe River that storehouse, upstream tail (KW) ~ downstream dam (DB) is interval.Before dragon beach reservoir dam ~ upstream, dam 130km in section, reservoir area, master stream be Ba Qian water temperature delamination district, the section, reservoir area, master stream of upstream, dam 130km ~ 170km is water temperature zone of transition in storehouse, and the section, reservoir area, master stream of upstream, dam 170km ~ storehouse tail (i.e. upstream, dam 230km) is tail water temperature mixed zone, storehouse.
Change according to the longitudinal river water temperature zone of transition in Reservoir region (line) method of layouting, 24 artificial observation vertical lines have been laid in reservoir area, master stream, Hongsuihe River longitudinal river water temperature zone of transition water temperature change observation of Hongsuihe River Long Tan reservoir altogether, see accompanying drawing 1, wherein:
The river main stream line in Ba Qian water temperature delamination district lays 1 center line observation vertical line at interval of about 15km, and vertical line is observed in No. 1 ~ No. 9, Ji Baqian water temperature delamination district (FC1 ~ FC9).Subtotal 9 observation vertical line.
In storehouse water temperature zone of transition river main stream line on lay 1 center line observation vertical line at interval of about 15km, namely in storehouse, water temperature zone of transition No. 1 ~ No. 3 (GD1 ~ GD3) observes vertical line; River main stream line in storehouse in water temperature zone of transition and the upper and lower 15km of Ba Qian water temperature delamination district intersection lays 1 center line at interval of 5km and observes vertical line, namely in storehouse, water temperature zone of transition No. 4 ~ No. 7 (GD4 ~ GD7) observes vertical line; River main stream line in storehouse in water temperature zone of transition and the upper and lower 15km of tail water temperature mixed zone, storehouse intersection lays 1 center line at interval of 5km and observes vertical line, namely in storehouse, water temperature zone of transition No. 8 ~ No. 11 (GD8 ~ GD11) observes vertical line.Subtotal 11 observation vertical line.
The river main stream line of tail water temperature mixed zone, storehouse lays 1 center line observation vertical line at interval of about 15km, and namely vertical line is observed in No. 1 ~ No. 4, storehouse tail water temperature mixed zone (KW1 ~ KW4).Subtotal 4 observation vertical line.
Sampled point quantity on above-mentioned sampling vertical line is depending on the depth of water, arrange a sampled point at the every 1.0 ~ 2.0m in depth of water direction (river is the independent testing surface temperature of 0.5m under water) in principle, and sampled point thermograde is not more than 15% with the absolute value of difference of neighbouring sample point thermograde with the ratio of the thermograde of this point.
B. the coupling that crosses of reservoir Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches stream is layouted (line) method
Reservoir Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches stream coupling (line) method of layouting that crosses refers to and carries out the prototype measurement of water temperature Changing Pattern layout (line) in conjunction with the reservoir Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches stream coupling condition that crosses.When tributary, flow be can not ignore, and tributary water temperature and reservoir area, master stream water temperature structure have comparatively notable difference time, Reservoir region import tributary may have a certain impact to master library water temperature structure distribution.Adopt reservoir Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches stream cross coupling layout (line) method time, generally should consider before the branch afflux of Reservoir region, master stream cross before, master stream carries out the prototype measurement of water temperature Changing Pattern respectively and layouts (line) after crossing.
Long Tan Reservoir region mainly contains 4 tributaries, is respectively:
Cloth Liuhe (BL): right bank, apart from dam (DB) 1.2km, the long 55km in river, average annual flow 41m3/s);
Durchgangshohle river (CD): left bank, apart from dam (DB) 8.6km, the long 18km in river, average annual flow 21m3/s);
Cao Duhe (ZD): left bank, apart from dam (DB) 25.5km, the long 24km in river, average annual flow 43m3/s);
Cover river (MJ): left bank, apart from dam (DB) 32.2km, the long 51km in river, average annual flow 169m3/s).
To layout (line) method according to the coupling that crosses of reservoir Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches stream, 26 artificial observation vertical lines have been laid in Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches stream confluence, the reservoir area water temperature change system observation of Hongsuihe River Long Tan reservoir altogether, wherein:
Cloth Liuhe (BL) confluence: laid cloth Liuhe remittance 1km master stream, mouth downstream center line observation vertical line (BL1), cloth Liuhe remittance dry stream center line observation vertical line (BL2), cloth Liuhe remittance 1km master stream, mouth upstream center line observation vertical line (BL3), cloth Liuhe remittance upstream, mouth tributary 1km center line observation vertical line (BL4), cloth Liuhe remittance upstream, mouth tributary 10km center line observation vertical line (BL5), cloth Liuhe remittance 13km Ku Wan central area, upstream, mouth tributary observation vertical line (BL6), cloth Liuhe remittance upstream, mouth tributary 14km center line observation vertical line (BL7), cloth Liuhe remittance upstream, mouth tributary 17km center line observation vertical line (BL8).Subtotal 8 observation vertical line.
Durchgangshohle river (CD) confluence: laid 1km master stream, Hui Kou downstream, Durchgangshohle river center line observation vertical line (CD1), converge dry stream center line observation vertical line (CD2) in Durchgangshohle river, 1km master stream, Hui Kou upstream, Durchgangshohle river center line observation vertical line (CD3), upstream, Hui Kou tributary, Durchgangshohle river 1km center line observation vertical line (CD4), upstream, Hui Kou tributary, Durchgangshohle river 4km center line observation vertical line (CD5), upstream, Hui Kou tributary, Durchgangshohle river 8km center line observation vertical line (CD6).Subtotal 6 observation vertical line.
Cao Duhe (ZD) confluence: laid Cao Duhe remittance 1km master stream, mouth downstream center line observation vertical line (ZD1), Cao Duhe remittance dry stream center line observation vertical line (ZD2), Cao Duhe remittance 1km master stream, mouth upstream center line observation vertical line (ZD3), Cao Duhe remittance upstream, mouth tributary 1km center line observation vertical line (ZD4), Cao Duhe remittance upstream, mouth tributary 4km center line observation vertical line (ZD5), Cao Duhe remittance upstream, mouth tributary 8km center line observation vertical line (ZD6).Subtotal 6 observation vertical line.
Cover river (MJ) confluence: laid 1km master stream, Hui Kou downstream, illiteracy river center line observation vertical line (MJ 1), cover river remittance dry stream center line observation vertical line (MJ 2), cover 1km master stream, Hui Kou upstream, river center line observation vertical line (MJ 3), cover upstream, Hui Kou tributary, river 1km center line observation vertical line (MJ 4), cover upstream, Hui Kou tributary, river 6km center line observation vertical line (MJ 5), cover upstream, Hui Kou tributary, river 12km center line observation vertical line (MJ 6).Subtotal 6 observation vertical line.
Sampled point quantity on above-mentioned sampling vertical line is depending on the depth of water, arrange a sampled point at the every 1.0 ~ 2.0m in depth of water direction (river is the independent testing surface temperature of 0.5m under water) in principle, and sampled point thermograde is not more than 15% with the absolute value of difference of neighbouring sample point thermograde with the ratio of the thermograde of this point.
Claims (9)
1. a water temperature of reservoir Changing Pattern prototype measurement method, is characterized in that: the method comprises water temperature of reservoir Changing Pattern prototype measurement time points distributing method and water temperature of reservoir Changing Pattern prototype measurement space points distributing method, described water temperature of reservoir Changing Pattern prototype measurement time points distributing method comprises for the different hydrology of reservoir, ecological, meteorological mechanical periodicity process carries out the method for water temperature of reservoir Changing Pattern prototype measurement in different time sections, different Hydrology Period processes comprise the high flow year of reservoir, normal flow year, wet season in the water years such as low flow year, the period when a river is at its normal level, the fluctuation in stage change procedure in low water season, comprise freezeup period if desired, different ecological periodic process comprises the process in sexual cycle that reservoir mainly protects fish gonad development and Maturation and spawning, different meteorological periodic process comprises the Four seasons change alternate cycle process in different water year, described water temperature of reservoir Changing Pattern prototype measurement space points distributing method comprises for reservoir length, width, the degree of depth and reservoir Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches stream actual conditions are in longitudinal direction, vertical different spaces carries out water temperature of reservoir Changing Pattern prototype measurement method, the longitudinal water temperature Changing Pattern prototype measurement method of reservoir comprises determines representative sampling section according to reservoir length and interval water temperature variation characteristic, wherein emphasis considers the unexpected region of variation of water temperature of reservoir feature, such as: encrypt before and after branch afflux for branch afflux region and sampling section is set, reservoir vertical water temperature Changing Pattern prototype measurement method comprises determines sampled point according to reservoir width and the degree of depth on sampling section, the reservoir main stream line of each sampling section must be arranged a sampling vertical line, if reservoir width is greater than 200m, increase the number of sampling vertical line in the appropriate location of each sampling section in conjunction with actual conditions, the quantity of the water temperature test point on every bar sampling vertical line is depending on the degree of depth of this place's water, be at least one.
2. a kind of water temperature of reservoir Changing Pattern prototype measurement method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described water temperature of reservoir Changing Pattern prototype measurement time points distributing method comprise reservoir level heave period process layout method, reservoir fish process in sexual cycle layout method, in water year, four seasons alternate cycle process is layouted method; The described reservoir level heave period process method of layouting refers to that choosing different time sections according to the eustasy cycle of reservoir level observes the method for layouting to water temperature of reservoir Changing Pattern prototype, the eustasy periodic packets of reservoir level is containing water level rise time section and water level decreasing time period, implement reservoir level lifting process layout method time, carry out the prototype measurement of water temperature of reservoir Changing Pattern in reservoir level rise time section and reservoir water level descending time period respectively and layout; Described reservoir fish process in the sexual cycle method of layouting refers to that mainly protecting fish gonad development and Maturation and spawning cycle to choose different time sections according to reservoir carries out the method that the prototype measurement of water temperature of reservoir Changing Pattern layouts, implement reservoir fish process in sexual cycle layout method time, mainly protect at reservoir and carry out the prototype measurement of water temperature of reservoir Changing Pattern between the beginning in fish reproduction season to tailend and layout; In described water year, the four seasons alternate cycle process method of layouting refers to that choosing different time sections according to the four seasons alternate cycle in different water year carries out the prototype measurement of water temperature of reservoir Changing Pattern and layout.
3. a kind of water temperature of reservoir Changing Pattern prototype measurement method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: described enforcement reservoir level lifting process layout method time, in reservoir level rise time section respectively before flood, after flood and peak level time respectively carry out the prototype measurement of a water temperature of reservoir Changing Pattern and layout, within the reservoir water level descending time period respectively in water level decreasing process and lowest water level time respectively carry out the prototype measurement of a water temperature of reservoir Changing Pattern and layout.
4. a kind of water temperature of reservoir Changing Pattern prototype measurement method as claimed in claim 2; it is characterized in that: described enforcement reservoir fish process in sexual cycle layout method time; reservoir mainly protect the breeding season of fish from choose several time periods to end and respectively carry out the prototype measurement of a water temperature of reservoir Changing Pattern respectively and layout, require that several above-mentioned time periods comprise the egg-laying season of all main protection fish.
5. a kind of water temperature of reservoir Changing Pattern prototype measurement method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: in described water year, four seasons alternate cycle process is layouted method, carrying out in all time periods that the prototype measurement of water temperature of reservoir Changing Pattern layouts, spring, summer, autumn, any one season mid-season in winter four at least comprise one of them time period.
6. a kind of water temperature of reservoir Changing Pattern prototype measurement method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described reservoir vertical water temperature Changing Pattern prototype measurement method, on sampling vertical line, the method to set up of water temperature test point is: the test point first arranging test surface temperature at 0.5m place, reservoir underwater, then down in depth of water direction, a temperature test point is set at interval of 1.0 ~ 2.0m successively, and the thermograde of a test point is not more than 15% with the absolute value of the difference of the thermograde of adjacent test point and the ratio of the thermograde of this test point, the thermograde of test point refers to temperature value and the absolute value of the difference of the temperature value of test point above it of this test point.
7. a kind of water temperature of reservoir Changing Pattern prototype measurement method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described water temperature of reservoir Changing Pattern prototype measurement space points distributing method comprises the longitudinal river water temperature zone of transition change in Reservoir region method and the reservoir Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches stream coupling that crosses of layouting and to layout method; Described Reservoir region longitudinal river water temperature zone of transition change method of layouting refer to according to the mobile situation of change of reservoir longitudinal river water temperature zone of transition different times reservoir longitudinally on sampling section be set, carry out the method that the prototype measurement of water temperature Changing Pattern layouts, implement the longitudinal river water temperature zone of transition change in Reservoir region layout method time, need the appropriate location of water temperature zone of transition, three characteristic areas in Ba Qian water temperature delamination district in the tail water temperature mixed zone, storehouse, storehouse of reservoir that sampling section is set; The described reservoir Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches stream coupling method of layouting that crosses refers to and to converge mouth appropriate positions near in tributary and arrange sampling section according to the reservoir Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches stream coupling condition that crosses, carry out the method that the prototype measurement of water temperature Changing Pattern layouts.
8. a kind of water temperature of reservoir Changing Pattern prototype measurement method as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that: the longitudinal river water temperature zone of transition change in described enforcement Reservoir region layout method time, in storehouse, the region of variation that intersects of water temperature zone of transition and Ba Qian water temperature delamination district and tail water temperature mixed zone, storehouse is encrypted and is arranged sampling section.
9. a kind of water temperature of reservoir Changing Pattern prototype measurement method as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that: the coupling that crosses of described reservoir Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches stream layouts method when implementing, at remittance dry stream place, converge mouth tributary upstream end, converge dry stream upstream end and the dry stream downstream part that converges sampling section be set.
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