CN105606258A - Method and system for observing vertical water temperature daily change rule of ultra-wide water area cross section - Google Patents
Method and system for observing vertical water temperature daily change rule of ultra-wide water area cross section Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an observation method and system for the daily change rule of vertical water temperature of a cross section of an ultra-wide water area, wherein the observation method comprises the steps of arranging a water temperature observation perpendicular line and measuring points thereof on the cross section of the ultra-wide water area according to the actual vertical water temperature distribution rule of the cross section of the water body of the ultra-wide water area in the day, and observing the time distribution rule and the space distribution rule of the vertical water temperature of the cross section of the ultra-wide water area in the day; the observation system comprises a hydropower station dam, a left bank at the upstream of the hydropower station dam and a right bank at the upstream of the hydropower station dam, wherein the left bank is positioned at the two banks of the hydropower station dam, a plurality of observation vertical lines are arranged between the left bank at the upstream of the hydropower station dam and the right bank at the upstream of the hydropower station dam above the hydropower station dam, and a water temperature observation instrument is arranged at an observation point of each vertical line. By adopting the observation method and the observation system, the systematic, representative and reliable observation result of the daily water temperature change rule of the water body cross section of the ultra-wide water area is ensured.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to hydrological observation technical field, specifically relate to cross section, a kind of super wide watersVertical water temperature diurnal variation law observation procedure and system.
Background technology
At present, the water temperature Changing Pattern of the water body such as China ocean, river, lake, reservoir distributesSystematic observation research work is carried out less, especially for ocean, river, lake, reservoir etc.In water body, the observational study of water temperature variation, the regularity of distribution and the correlation effect of super wide waters part moreFew, the technical method of super wide waters water body water temperature time space distribution observation lacks relevant to requirementEffective unification of directive/guide or specification, super wide waters water body water temperature time space distribution observation achievement matterThe problems such as amount ubiquity systematicness, representativeness, reliability are not strong, therefore to improving China seaWater body water temperature Changing Pattern Study on Mathematic Model, the empirical equations such as ocean, river, lake, reservoirThe reference significance of the work such as improvement and software for calculation exploitation thereof is little.
Summary of the invention
For addressing the above problem, the invention provides and become a kind of super wide waters cross section vertical water temperature dayLaw observation procedure and system. This observation system is in a few days hung down in conjunction with water body cross section, super wide watersTo distribution of water temperature rule reality, to vertical water temperature diurnal variation law observation side, cross section, super wide watersMethod is made requirement, with improve super wide waters water body water temperature Changing Pattern observation operating technology level andQuality of achievement, overcomes the deficiencies in the prior art.
The present invention is achieved by following technical solution.
Cross section, a kind of super wide waters vertical water temperature diurnal variation law observation procedure, this observation procedureBe according in a few days vertical water temperature regularity of distribution reality of water body cross section, super wide waters, carry out super wide waterOn cross section, territory, water temperature observation vertical line and measuring point thereof are laid, and the vertical water in cross section, super wide watersTemperature diurnal variation Time Distribution observation and space distribution rule observation, to guarantee super wide waters waterSystematicness, representativeness, the reliability of in a few days water temperature Changing Pattern observation of body cross section achievement;
On cross section, described super wide waters, water temperature observation vertical line is laid and is referred to according to super wide waters waterBody cross-sectional length, observation operating accuracy requirement situation are laid water temperature observation vertical line; Wherein,Water temperature observation vertical line is laid by centered by cross section, super wide waters center line, stream central line, deeply great lineTo both sides evenly, lay continuously, water temperature observation vertical line is laid quantity can control super wide waters horizontal strokeThe section flow of water changes turning point and border, cross section, super wide waters is determined;
Described super wide waters cross section vertical water temperature diurnal variation Time Distribution observation refers to knotClose water body cross section, the super wide waters vertical water temperature regularity of distribution in a few days and carry out different periods in a few daysDistribution of water temperature rule prototype is observed, and water body cross section, super wide waters vertical water temperature in a few days distributesThe time period that rule is considered divides;
Described super wide waters cross section vertical water temperature diurnal variation space distribution rule observation refers to rootAccording to each water temperature observation vertical line quantity, laying situation on water body cross section, super wide waters, and according to sightSurvey operating accuracy requirement, take many ships single line method, single ship multiple line method, many ships multiple line method to execute respectivelySurvey.
The concrete distribution method of described water temperature observation vertical line is as follows:
A, in the time that super wide waters water body cross-sectional length is in 500 meters, water temperature observation vertical lineLay 3～5;
B, in the time that super wide waters water body cross-sectional length is in 500 meters to 1000 meters, water temperatureObservation vertical line is laid 5～10;
C, in the time that super wide waters water body cross-sectional length is in 1000 meters to 2000 meters, waterTemperature observation vertical line is laid 10～15;
D, in the time that super wide waters water body cross-sectional length is in 2000 meters to 3000 meters, waterTemperature observation vertical line is laid 15～20;
E, in the time that super wide waters water body cross-sectional length is more than 3000 meters, water temperature observation vertical lineBe laid in more than 20.
Described super wide waters cross section vertical water temperature diurnal variation Time Distribution observation procedure asUnder:
A, in a few days vertical water temperature distribute between daytime, night-time hours according to the sunrise of every day, at sunsetSection consideration, the time period of 06:00 to 22:00 every day is between daytime, the time of 22:00 to 06:00Section is night;
At least Continuous Observation 3 days of b, each issue on-the-spot testing, between daytime every day, night is at least eachObserve 1 time.
Described many ships single line method refers to when the water temperature observation vertical line on water body cross section, super wide watersQuantity is less than 10 or observation operating accuracy while having relatively high expectations, in water body cross section, super wide watersOn an each water temperature observation vertical line place fixing survey ship, the simultaneously super wide waters of the testing horizontal stroke laid respectivelyVertical water temperature distribution situation corresponding to each water temperature observation vertical line on section.
Described single ship multiple line method refers to when the water temperature observation vertical line on water body cross section, super wide watersWhen quantity is less than 10, only use the each water of a survey ship on water body cross section, super wide watersTemperature observation vertical line carries out vertical water temperature distribution situation corresponding to the each water temperature observation vertical line of continuous testing.
Described many ships multiple line method refers to when the water temperature observation vertical line on water body cross section, super wide watersWhen quantity is greater than 10, on water body cross section, super wide waters, lay the testing simultaneously of many survey shipsThe vertical water temperature distribution situation of each water temperature observation vertical line within the scope of respective regions.
The vertical water temperature diurnal variation law observation of cross section, described super wide waters adopts manual operation sideFormula, is placed in water temperature observation instrument on the tested point of specifying water temperature observation vertical line, stops when enoughBetween, at least 15 seconds, treat that instrument readings is stable and automatically record vertical measuring point water temperature and depth of water numberAccording to rear, probe is moved to next measuring point, until whole piece vertical line has been observed, reclaim probe, andOn-the-spot backup observation instrument related data.
Cross section, a kind of super wide waters vertical water temperature diurnal variation law observation system, comprises power stationDam and being positioned on the left bank, Dam upstream and Dam of Dam two sidesTrip right bank, left bank, described Dam upstream is positioned at Dam near intake of hydropower stationOne side is positioned at left bank, Dam upstream and Dam upstream above DamBetween right bank, be laid with some observation vertical lines, and be provided with water in the observation station of every vertical lineTemperature observation instrument.
Described water temperature observation instrument adopts the instrument that can automatically record the depth of water and water temperature parameter, and instrumentThe resolution ratio of the cooling-water temperature sensor in device is not less than 0.01 DEG C, and precision is not less than ± and 0.15 DEG C, amountSurvey scope is-5～100 DEG C; Water depth sensor precision is for being not less than 0.3 meter, working depth scopeIt is 0～500 meter.
Described water temperature observation instrument adopts YSI6600 multi-parameter water quality monitor.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
Adopt cross section, super wide waters of the present invention vertical water temperature diurnal variation law observation systemSystem, the water temperature that has improved the water bodys such as China ocean, river, lake, reservoir changes and the rule that distributeRule systematic observation operating technology level and quality of achievement, further promoted China ocean, river,The water body such as lake and reservoir water temperature Changing Pattern Study on Mathematic Model, empirical equation are improved and meterCalculate software development research work level, promote technical progress of industry significant, economical,Society, obvious environment benefit.
Compared with prior art, system of the present invention has been considered super wide waters cross-sectional length, in a few daysThe vertical water temperature regularity of distribution, observation operating accuracy reality, proposed water on cross section, super wide watersTemperature observation vertical line and measuring point thereof are laid, and the super wide waters cross section vertical water temperature diurnal variation timeThe technical requirements such as regularity of distribution observation, space distribution rule observation, cross-section to super wide waters water bodyThe face in a few days observation of water temperature Changing Pattern has carried out effective covering, has guaranteed super wide waters water body horizontal strokeSystematicness, representativeness, the reliability of in a few days water temperature Changing Pattern observation of section achievement.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 becomes in the present invention Qian Chaokuan waters, Longtan hydropower station dam cross section vertical water temperature dayThe law observation system schematic diagram of layouting.
In figure: 1-is apart from dam 500m cross section centerline water temperature diurnal variation observation vertical line, 2-Apart from 100m place, dam 500m cross section center line left side water temperature diurnal variation observation vertical line, 3-distance100m place, center line right side, dam 500m cross section water temperature diurnal variation observation vertical line, 4-is apart from largeCenter line left side, 500m cross section, dam 200m place water temperature diurnal variation observation vertical line, 5-is apart from dam200m place, center line right side, 500m cross section water temperature diurnal variation observation vertical line, 6-is apart from dam 500mCenter line left side, cross section 300m place water temperature diurnal variation observation vertical line, 7-is apart from dam 500m horizontal stroke300m place, section center line right side water temperature diurnal variation observation vertical line, 8-is cross-section apart from dam 500m400m place, face center line left side water temperature diurnal variation observation vertical line, 9-apart from dam 500m cross section400m place, center line right side water temperature diurnal variation observation vertical line, 10-is in dam 500m cross section500m place, heart line left side water temperature diurnal variation observation vertical line, 11-is apart from center, dam 500m cross section500m place, line right side water temperature diurnal variation observation vertical line, 12-Dam, 13-enters in power stationThe mouth of a river, left bank, 14-Dam upstream, 15-Dam upstream right bank.
Detailed description of the invention
Further describe technical scheme of the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, but claimed scopeDescribed in being not limited to.
Cross section, a kind of super wide waters vertical water temperature diurnal variation law observation procedure, this observation procedureBe according in a few days vertical water temperature regularity of distribution reality of water body cross section, super wide waters, carry out super wide waterOn cross section, territory, water temperature observation vertical line and measuring point thereof are laid, and the vertical water in cross section, super wide watersTemperature diurnal variation Time Distribution observation and space distribution rule observation, to guarantee super wide waters waterSystematicness, representativeness, the reliability of in a few days water temperature Changing Pattern observation of body cross section achievement.
On cross section, described super wide waters, water temperature observation vertical line is laid and is referred to according to super wide waters waterBody cross-sectional length, observation operating accuracy requirement situation are laid water temperature observation vertical line; Wherein,Water temperature observation vertical line is laid by centered by cross section, super wide waters center line, stream central line, deeply great lineTo both sides evenly, lay continuously, water temperature observation vertical line is laid quantity can control super wide waters horizontal strokeThe section flow of water changes turning point and border, cross section, super wide waters is determined.
The concrete distribution method of described water temperature observation vertical line is as follows:
A, in the time that super wide waters water body cross-sectional length is in 500 meters, water temperature observation vertical lineLay 3～5, concrete water temperature observation vertical line is laid quantity and should be wanted according to observation operating accuracyAsk and increased and decreased;
B, in the time that super wide waters water body cross-sectional length is in 500 meters to 1000 meters, water temperatureObservation vertical line is laid 5～10, and concrete water temperature observation vertical line is laid quantity should be according to observation workIncreased and decreased do required precision;
C, in the time that super wide waters water body cross-sectional length is in 1000 meters to 2000 meters, waterTemperature observation vertical line is laid 10～15, and concrete water temperature observation vertical line is laid quantity should be according to sightSurveying operating accuracy requires to be increased and decreased;
D, in the time that super wide waters water body cross-sectional length is in 2000 meters to 3000 meters, waterTemperature observation vertical line is laid 15～20, and concrete water temperature observation vertical line is laid quantity should be according to sightSurveying operating accuracy requires to be increased and decreased;
E, in the time that super wide waters water body cross-sectional length is more than 3000 meters, water temperature observation vertical lineBe laid in more than 20, concrete water temperature observation vertical line is laid quantity should be according to observation operating accuracyRequirement is increased and decreased.
Described super wide waters cross section vertical water temperature diurnal variation Time Distribution observation refers to knotClose water body cross section, the super wide waters vertical water temperature regularity of distribution in a few days and carry out different periods in a few daysDistribution of water temperature rule prototype is observed, and water body cross section, super wide waters vertical water temperature in a few days distributesThe time period that rule is considered divides, generally according between daytime, consider night respectively.
Described super wide waters cross section vertical water temperature diurnal variation Time Distribution observation procedure asUnder:
A, in a few days vertical water temperature distribute between daytime, night-time hours according to the sunrise of every day, at sunsetSection consider, every day 06:00 to 22:00 time period be between daytime, 22:00 to 06:00 timeBetween section be night;
At least Continuous Observation 3 days of b, each issue on-the-spot testing, between daytime every day, night is at least eachObserve 1 time, according to accuracy of observation requirement, can consider to extend observation cycle, and can be between daytime,Encrypt the observation frequency night.
Described super wide waters cross section vertical water temperature diurnal variation space distribution rule observation refers to rootAccording to each water temperature observation vertical line quantity, laying situation on water body cross section, super wide waters, and according to sightSurvey operating accuracy requirement, take many ships single line method, single ship multiple line method, many ships multiple line method to execute respectivelySurvey.
Described many ships single line method refers to when the water temperature observation vertical line on water body cross section, super wide watersQuantity is less than 10 or observation operating accuracy while having relatively high expectations, in water body cross section, super wide watersOn an each water temperature observation vertical line place fixing survey ship, the simultaneously super wide waters of the testing horizontal stroke laid respectivelyVertical water temperature distribution situation corresponding to each water temperature observation vertical line on section.
Described single ship multiple line method refers to when the water temperature observation vertical line on water body cross section, super wide watersWhen quantity is less than 10, only use the each water of a survey ship on water body cross section, super wide watersTemperature observation vertical line carries out vertical water temperature distribution situation corresponding to the each water temperature observation vertical line of continuous testing,Generally take on water body cross section, super wide waters " a lateral boundaries direction finding offside " or " offside borderThis side of survey time " testing circuit carry out testing. If observation operating accuracy is had relatively high expectations, can take" first by a lateral boundaries direction finding offside, again by the offside border survey time in water body cross section, super wide watersThis side " testing circuit carry out testing, surveyed same water temperature observation vertical line correspondence to come and go twiceThe water temperature mean value of measuring point is as observation.
Described many ships multiple line method, refers to when the water temperature observation vertical line on water body cross section, super wide watersWhen quantity is greater than 10, on water body cross section, super wide waters, lay the testing simultaneously of many survey shipsWithin the scope of respective regions, the vertical water temperature distribution situation of each water temperature observation vertical line, generally takes " twoPoint-score " (two ship subregion testings, every the some water temperature observation of ship testing vertical line), " trichotomy "(three ship subregion testings, every the some water temperature observation of ship testing vertical line) or " distributing " (many moreThe testing of ship subregion, every the some water temperature observation of ship testing vertical line) carry out testing, specifically according to sightSurveying operating accuracy requires to determine.
Vertical measuring point on described water temperature observation vertical line is laid according to cross section, super wide waters water bodyVertical water temperature distributes actual, respectively top layer, the temperature of water temperature observation vertical line depth of water direction become layer,Stratosphere etc. is laid measuring point, and is set up measuring point according to temperature difference situation between adjacent measuring point.Measuring point in top layer is generally laid in following 0.5 meter of the water surface; Hang down in the general edge of measuring point that temperature becomes in layerLine depth of water direction is laid 1 at interval of 2.0 meters, if the temperature difference exceedes 0.3 DEG C between two adjacent measuring points,Increase measuring point in interval; Measuring point in stratosphere generally along vertical line depth of water direction at interval of 5.01 of meter Bu She, if the temperature difference exceedes 0.2 DEG C between two adjacent measuring points, increases measuring point in interval.
The vertical water temperature diurnal variation law observation of cross section, described super wide waters adopts manual operation sideFormula, is placed in water temperature observation instrument on the tested point of specifying water temperature observation vertical line, stops when enoughBetween, generally at least 15 seconds, treat that instrument readings is stable and automatically record vertical measuring point water temperature and waterAfter dark data, probe is moved to next measuring point, until whole piece vertical line has been observed, reclaims probe,And on-the-spot backup observation instrument related data. The general employing of water temperature observation instrument can be recorded water automaticallyDeeply, the isoparametric instrument of water temperature, the resolution ratio of cooling-water temperature sensor be 0.01 DEG C and more than, precisionFor ± 0.15 DEG C and more than, measuring range-5～100 DEG C, water depth sensor precision be 0.3 meter andAbove, 0～500 meter of working depth scope; Cooling-water temperature sensor is without calibration, and water depth sensor canGive field calibration according to the local atmospheric pressure in testing position.
As shown in Figure 1, cross section, the super wide waters of one of the present invention vertical water temperature diurnal variationRule observation system, comprises Dam 12 and is positioned at the water power of Dam 12 two sidesStand left bank, dam upstream 14 and Dam upstream right bank 15, described Dam upstreamLeft bank 14 is positioned at Dam 12 near intake of hydropower station 13 1 sides, large in power station12 tops, dam be positioned at left bank, Dam upstream 14 and Dam upstream right bank 15 itBetween be laid with some observation vertical lines, and in the observation station of every vertical line, be provided with water temperature observationInstrument.
Described water temperature observation instrument adopts the instrument that can automatically record the depth of water and water temperature parameter, and instrumentThe resolution ratio of the cooling-water temperature sensor in device is not less than 0.01 DEG C, and precision is not less than ± and 0.15 DEG C, amountSurvey scope is-5～100 DEG C; Water depth sensor precision is for being not less than 0.3 meter, working depth scopeIt is 0～500 meter.
Described water temperature observation instrument adopts YSI6600 multi-parameter water quality monitor.
Below in conjunction with Longtan hydropower station's embodiment, the present invention program is described in further detailAs follows:
(1) observation working background situation:
Hongsuihe River Longtan hydropower station is national Implementation of Western Development and " transferring electricity from the west to the east " strategyLandmark project, is major project and the leading reservoir of Hongsuihe River hydroelectric development, and engineering is mainly openedThe task of sending out, for generating, has the comprehensive benefits such as flood control, shipping concurrently. Longtan Dam is roller compacted concreteGravity dam, maximum height of dam 192m, the long 746.49m of dam crest, reservoir normal pool level 375m,Corresponding storage capacity 162.1 hundred million m3, level of dead water 330m, corresponding storage capacity 50.6 hundred million m3, reservoir toolThere is a year regulating power.
After Longtan hydropower station's reservoir filling, formed super wide waters before its dam, water surface width reaches1200m, the outer 1100m of dam center line is front profundal zone, dam, depth capacity can reach 165m.
Long Tan Reservoir region, Hongsuihe River water temperature structural change rule systematic observation research is domestic theLong series, a large scale of carrying out for super-huge Reservoir region water temperature structural change rule isThe unite basic scientific research of synchronous prototype measurement, has obtained the height of Environmental Protection Department, Ministry of Water ResourcesEvaluate, significant to promoting technical progress of industry.
At present, achievement in research has been placed in Environmental Protection Department national environmental protection environmental impact assessment numberValue simulation key lab Base data platform, for China's water temperature of reservoir structure discrimination model grindsStudy carefully, water temperature prediction empirical equation improves research, water temperature of reservoir Mathematical Modeling and software for calculation thereof and opensSend out research etc. important scientific basis is provided.
(2) the vertical distribution entirety of water temperature prediction case before dam:
Known according to vertical water temperature distribution entirety prediction achievement before Longtan hydropower station's reservoir dam: annualThe vertical water body of reservoir approached equality of temperature and distributed to February December, storehouse table, bottom of the reservior water body water temperature temperaturePoor less; Annual March, there is a thermocline in the vertical water body of reservoir, substantially at water to JuneTop layer, storehouse is 40m extremely under water, and water surface 40m is stagnant temperature layer below; Annual July is to September, waterThe vertical water body in storehouse there will be two thermoclines, and first thermocline generally appears at reservoir surface extremely10m under water, second thermocline generally appears at 60m 90m extremely under water under water, water surface 90mIt is below stagnant temperature layer; Annual October, to November there is a thermocline in the vertical water body of reservoir,Substantially at reservoir surface 70m extremely under water, water surface 70m is stagnant temperature layer below.
Dam of Longtan Hydroelectric Project crest elevation 382m, elevation 210m at the bottom of dam counter-dam, deep water before damThe observation depth of water in district reaches 165m, in conjunction with the entirety prediction achievement that distributes of vertical water temperature before dam, normallyUnder water storage level 375m ruuning situation, the reservoir surface extremely under water scope of 90m (is elevation285m～375m scope) substantially for vertical water temperature changes temperature change layer greatly, 90m is extremely under waterThe interval water body in bottom of the reservior (being elevation 210m～285m scope) is substantially for vertical water temperature changes lessStratosphere.
(3) observation instrument and execute-in-place situation:
Adopt YSI6600 multi-parameter water quality monitor, it is vertical that this instrument can record reservoir automaticallyThe parameter such as the depth of water, water temperature of water body, the resolution ratio of its cooling-water temperature sensor is 0.01 DEG C, precision is± 0.15 DEG C, scope-5～50 DEG C, the precision of water depth sensor is 0.3m, working depth scope0～200m. Cooling-water temperature sensor is without calibration, and water depth sensor is according to the local atmosphere in testing positionPressure gives field calibration.
The vertical water temperature diurnal variation law observation of cross section, Qian Chaokuan waters, Longtan hydropower station dam adoptsManual type operates, and YSI6600 multi-parameter water quality monitor probe is placed in before water inletSpecify on the tested point of observation vertical line, stop enough time (approximately 20 seconds), treat that instrument readings is steadyDetermine and automatically record after vertical measuring point water temperature and bathymetric data, probe is moved to next measuring point, straightObserve to whole piece vertical line, reclaimed probe, monitor main frame has been connected with portable computer,Each vertical line water temperature observed result scene is backed up.
For each water temperature observation vertical line position before ensureing dam maintains predeterminated position, ensure observation peopleThe safety of member, instrument, on YSI6600 multi-parameter water quality monitor, binding arranges 10kg heavilyIron hammer to make counterweight, observation vessel is taked mechanical power type, establishes security official and utilizes Nikon 1200SLaser rangefinder telescope (measuring range 10～1100m, accuracy in measurement ± 0.5m) is determinedObservation vertical line position situation of change, points out observation vessel by security official when position skew exceedes 10mOperating personnel adjust observation vertical line position. Synchronous recording observation moment, position and corresponding when observationTemperature.
(4) on cross section, dam Qian Chaokuan waters, water temperature observation vertical line is laid:
As shown in Figure 1, Qian Chaokuan waters, Longtan hydropower station dam water surface width reaches 1200m, damThe outer 1100m of center line is front profundal zone, dam, and depth capacity can reach 165m. According to imperial beach water powerQian Chaokuan waters, the dam landform actual conditions of standing, have selected the outer 500m of dam center line place as damVertical water temperature diurnal variation law observation cross section, front super wide waters, according to the requirement of observation operating accuracyOn this cross section, lay 11 by continuous to both sides, the even also interval 100m of dam center lineBar water temperature observation vertical line, its water temperature observation vertical line numbering be respectively 1 in Fig. 1,2,3,4,5, shown in 6,7,8,9,10,11.
(5) cross section, dam Qian Chaokuan waters vertical water temperature diurnal variation Time Distribution observation:
Within a water year, super wide waters cross section vertical water temperature diurnal variation before the reservoir dam of imperial beachTime Distribution observation is mainly divided into four-stage, the concrete water temperature observation cycle in each stage andFrequency arrangement is as follows.
A, first stage (December is to February)
Reservoir vertical water body in imperial beach approaches equality of temperature distribution during this period, storehouse table, bottom of the reservior water body water temperature temperaturePoor less. Monthly observe during this period first phase (each issue interval 27 days).
B, second stage (March is to June)
During this period there is a thermocline in the vertical water body of imperial beach reservoir, substantially in reservoir surface to waterLower 40m, water surface 40m is stratosphere below. Monthly observe first phase March, April during this period(each issue interval 27 days), May, June monthly observed for two phases (each issue interval 15 days).
C, phase III (July is to September)
Reservoir vertical water body in imperial beach there will be two thermoclines during this period, and first thermocline is generalAppear at reservoir surface to 10m under water, second thermocline generally appears under water 60m extremely90m under water, water surface 90m is stratosphere below. Monthly observed for three phases during this period (during everyEvery 10 days).
D, fourth stage (October is to November)
During this period there is a thermocline in the vertical water body of imperial beach reservoir, substantially in reservoir surface to waterLower 70m, water surface 70m is stratosphere below. (each issue interval of during this period monthly observing for two phases15 days).
Thus, within a water year, cross section, super wide waters vertical water temperature before the reservoir dam of imperial beachThe observation of diurnal variation Time Distribution amounted to for 22 phases, and equal Continuous Observation of each phase 3 days, in every day03:00 at night, between daytime, each observation is once when 15:00.
(6) cross section, dam Qian Chaokuan waters vertical water temperature diurnal variation space distribution rule observation:
According to each water temperature observation vertical line number on water body cross section, Qian Chaokuan waters, Longtan hydropower station damAmount, laying reality and the requirement of observation operating accuracy, adopt " two points in " many ships are multi-thread " methodMethod " carry out between daytime, testing at night, arrange two survey ships by dam 500m cross sectionHeart line place is testing respectively to two sides.
As shown in Figure 1, by apart from dam 500m cross section centerline to Dam of Longtan Hydroelectric ProjectThe survey ship of left bank, upstream testing, is responsible for testing: apart from dam 500m cross section center line left side100m place water temperature diurnal variation observation vertical line 2, apart from dam 500m cross section center line left side 200mPlace's water temperature diurnal variation observation vertical line 4, apart from 300m place, dam 500m cross section center line left sideWater temperature diurnal variation observation vertical line 6, apart from 400m place, dam 500m cross section center line left side waterTemperature diurnal variation observation vertical line 8, apart from 500m place, dam 500m cross section center line left side water temperatureDiurnal variation observation vertical line 10 amounts to 5 water temperature observation vertical lines.
By apart from dam 500m cross section centerline to the right bank testing of Dam of Longtan Hydroelectric Project upstreamSurvey ship, be responsible for testing: hang down apart from dam 500m cross section centerline water temperature diurnal variation observationLine 1, apart from 100m place, center line right side, dam 500m cross section water temperature diurnal variation observation vertical line 3,Apart from 200m place, center line right side, dam 500m cross section water temperature diurnal variation observation vertical line 5, distance300m place, center line right side, dam 500m cross section water temperature diurnal variation observation vertical line 7, distance are greatly400m place, center line right side, 500m cross section, dam water temperature diurnal variation observation vertical line 9, apart from dam500m place, center line right side, 500m cross section water temperature diurnal variation observation vertical line 11 amounts to 6 waterTemperature observation vertical line.
(7) on water temperature observation vertical line, measuring point is laid:
Before the reservoir dam of dragon beach, the vertical water temperature diurnal variation law observation of cross section, super wide waters is laidArticle 11, the measuring point on water temperature observation vertical line is laid and is specially:
A, storehouse table water body measuring point are laid
Lay 1 measuring point, i.e. the following 0.5m of the water surface.
B, temperature become layer (elevation 285m～375m) water body measuring point and lay
Lay 1 measuring point along water temperature observation vertical line depth of water direction at interval of 2.0m, if two is adjacentBetween measuring point, the temperature difference exceedes 0.3 DEG C, increases measuring point according to actual conditions in interval.
C, stratosphere (elevation 210m～285m) water body measuring point are laid
Lay 1 measuring point along water temperature observation vertical line depth of water direction at interval of 5.0m, if two is adjacentBetween measuring point, the temperature difference exceedes 0.2 DEG C, increases measuring point according to actual conditions in interval.
Claims (10)
1. cross section, a super wide waters vertical water temperature diurnal variation law observation procedure, its featureBe: this observation procedure is according to the in a few days vertical water temperature regularity of distribution of water body cross section, super wide watersReality, carries out water temperature observation vertical line and measuring point laying thereof on cross section, super wide waters, and super wideThe observation of cross section, waters vertical water temperature diurnal variation Time Distribution and space distribution rule observation,To guarantee systematicness, the generation of in a few days water temperature Changing Pattern observation of water body cross section, super wide waters achievementTable property, reliability;
On cross section, described super wide waters, water temperature observation vertical line is laid and is referred to according to super wide waters waterBody cross-sectional length, observation operating accuracy requirement situation are laid water temperature observation vertical line; Wherein,Water temperature observation vertical line is laid by centered by cross section, super wide waters center line, stream central line, deeply great lineTo both sides evenly, lay continuously, water temperature observation vertical line is laid quantity can control super wide waters horizontal strokeThe section flow of water changes turning point and border, cross section, super wide waters is determined;
Described super wide waters cross section vertical water temperature diurnal variation Time Distribution observation refers to knotClose water body cross section, the super wide waters vertical water temperature regularity of distribution in a few days and carry out different periods in a few daysDistribution of water temperature rule prototype is observed, and water body cross section, super wide waters vertical water temperature in a few days distributesThe time period that rule is considered divides;
Described super wide waters cross section vertical water temperature diurnal variation space distribution rule observation refers to rootAccording to each water temperature observation vertical line quantity, laying situation on water body cross section, super wide waters, and according to sightSurvey operating accuracy requirement, take many ships single line method, single ship multiple line method, many ships multiple line method to execute respectivelySurvey.
2. cross section, the super wide waters of one according to claim 1 vertical water temperature diurnal variationRule observation procedure, is characterized in that: the concrete distribution method of described water temperature observation vertical line is as follows:
A, in the time that super wide waters water body cross-sectional length is in 500 meters, water temperature observation vertical lineLay 3～5;
B, in the time that super wide waters water body cross-sectional length is in 500 meters to 1000 meters, water temperatureObservation vertical line is laid 5～10;
C, in the time that super wide waters water body cross-sectional length is in 1000 meters to 2000 meters, waterTemperature observation vertical line is laid 10～15;
D, in the time that super wide waters water body cross-sectional length is in 2000 meters to 3000 meters, waterTemperature observation vertical line is laid 15～20;
E, in the time that super wide waters water body cross-sectional length is more than 3000 meters, water temperature observation vertical lineBe laid in more than 20.
3. cross section, the super wide waters of one according to claim 1 vertical water temperature diurnal variationRule observation procedure, is characterized in that: when the vertical water temperature diurnal variation of cross section, described super wide watersBetween regularity of distribution observation procedure as follows:
A, in a few days vertical water temperature distribute between daytime, night-time hours according to the sunrise of every day, at sunsetSection consideration, the time period of 06:00 to 22:00 every day is between daytime, the time of 22:00 to 06:00Section is night;
At least Continuous Observation 3 days of b, each issue on-the-spot testing, between daytime every day, night is at least eachObserve 1 time.
4. cross section, the super wide waters of one according to claim 1 vertical water temperature diurnal variationRule observation procedure, is characterized in that: described many ships single line method refers to when super wide waters water body horizontal strokeWater temperature on section observation vertical line quantity is less than 10 or observation operating accuracy while having relatively high expectations,Each water temperature observation vertical line place survey of fixing laying respectively on water body cross section, super wide watersShip, on cross section, the super wide waters of testing, vertical water temperature corresponding to each water temperature observation vertical line distributes simultaneouslySituation.
5. cross section, the super wide waters of one according to claim 1 vertical water temperature diurnal variationRule observation procedure, is characterized in that: described single ship multiple line method refers to when super wide waters water body horizontal strokeWhen water temperature observation vertical line quantity on section is less than 10, only use a survey ship at super wide waterEach water temperature observation vertical line on water body cross section, territory carries out the each water temperature observation of continuous testing vertical line pairThe vertical water temperature distribution situation of answering.
6. cross section, the super wide waters of one according to claim 1 vertical water temperature diurnal variationRule observation procedure, is characterized in that: described many ships multiple line method refers to when super wide waters water body horizontal strokeWhen water temperature observation vertical line quantity on section is greater than 10, on water body cross section, super wide watersLay the vertical water temperature of each water temperature observation vertical line within the scope of many survey ships testing simultaneously respective regionsDistribution situation.
7. cross section, the super wide waters of one according to claim 1 vertical water temperature diurnal variationRule observation procedure, is characterized in that: cross section, described super wide waters vertical water temperature diurnal variation ruleRule observation adopts manual mode of operation, and water temperature observation instrument is placed in and specifies water temperature observation vertical lineOn tested point, stop enough time, at least 15 seconds, treat that instrument readings is stablized and automatic recordAfter vertical measuring point water temperature and bathymetric data, probe is moved to next measuring point, until whole piece vertical line is seenSurvey completes, and reclaims probe, and on-the-spot backup observation instrument related data.
8. cross section, a super wide waters vertical water temperature diurnal variation law observation system, its featureBe: comprise Dam (12) and be positioned at the power station of Dam (12) two sidesLeft bank, dam upstream (14) and Dam upstream right bank (15), described DamLeft bank, upstream (14) is positioned at Dam (12) near intake of hydropower station (13) one sides,Be positioned at left bank, Dam upstream (14) in Dam (12) top and power station largeBetween upstream, dam right bank (15), be laid with some observation vertical lines, and in the observation of every vertical lineOn point, be provided with water temperature observation instrument.
9. cross section, a kind of super wide waters vertical water temperature diurnal variation law is seen according to Claim 8Examining system, is characterized in that: described water temperature observation instrument adopts can record the depth of water and water temperature automaticallyThe instrument of parameter, and the resolution ratio of cooling-water temperature sensor in instrument is not less than 0.01 DEG C, and precision is notBe less than ± 0.15 DEG C, measuring range is-5～100 DEG C; Water depth sensor precision is for being not less than 0.3Rice, working depth scope is 0～500 meter.
10. cross section, a kind of super wide waters vertical water temperature diurnal variation law is seen according to Claim 8Examining system, is characterized in that: described water temperature observation instrument adopts YSI6600 multi-parameter water qualityMonitor.
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