CN104197852A - System for monitoring sinking and horizontal displacement of reservoir dam body - Google Patents
System for monitoring sinking and horizontal displacement of reservoir dam body Download PDFInfo
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- CN104197852A CN104197852A CN201410450695.3A CN201410450695A CN104197852A CN 104197852 A CN104197852 A CN 104197852A CN 201410450695 A CN201410450695 A CN 201410450695A CN 104197852 A CN104197852 A CN 104197852A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a system for monitoring sinking and horizontal displacement of a reservoir dam body. The system comprises datum point detectors and a centralized managing device; the centralized managing device is arranged at one end of the dam body; a plurality of datum points are arranged at equal intervals on an irradiating line of which the end point is the centralized managing device; a datum point detector is arranged at each datum point detector; each datum point detector comprises a detector housing, an image detecting device, a baffle mechanism, a camera, a detecting controller and a solar cell panel; the centralized managing device comprises a housing, a switch power supply, a managing controller, a laser emitter, a loudspeaker and a laser through hole baffle mechanism, wherein the switch power supply, the managing controller, the laser emitter, the loudspeaker and the laser through hole baffle mechanism are arranged in the housing. With the adoption of the system for monitoring the sinking and horizontal displacement of the reservoir dam body, the sinking and horizontal displacement of the reservoir dam body can be automatically detected; the production cost is small, the measurement precision is high, and the performance is stable; in addition, the mounting is convenient, the geological environment influences a lot, the maintenance cost is small, and the practicability is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of reservoir dam monitoring system, specifically a kind of reservoir dam depression and horizontal displacement monitoring system.
Background technology
Dam is as the crucial multi-purpose project of great hydraulic engineering, whether its stability and safety is directly connected to other ancillary works of whole hydraulic engineering is normally moved, and directly affect and determine to focus on the security of large hydraulic engineering integral body and the performance of design efficiency, the more important thing is its stability and the safe direct relation downstream area people's the security of the lives and property, social and economic construction and ecological environment security etc.
Concrete dam and stone masonry dam build up after water conservation reservoir utilization, and under the effects such as water pressure, silt pressute, unrestrained pressure, uplift pressure and temperature variation, dam body must deform.The variation of the distortion of dam body and various load action and influence factor has corresponding regular variation, and within the range of permission, this is normal phenomenon.Yet the abnormal deformation of dam body is the tendency of dam malicious event often.Before the accident of nineteen fifty-nine France Ma Erbasai arch dam, having there is abnormal deformation in abut, if this dam has carried out the deformation observation of system at run duration, grasps in time the deformation of abut, adopts an effective measure, and is likely to avoid the accident that breaks down.Therefore, for guaranteeing the safe operation of concrete dam and stone masonry dam, must carry out deformation observation to dam body, whether normal to grasp at any time dam distortion under various load actions and related factors impact.Concrete dam and stone masonry dam are subject to be subject to uplift pressure effect upwards at the bottom of the thrust of the horizontal directions such as water pressure and dam, have the trend of sliding downstream and toppling, and therefore will carry out horizontal displacement observation.Concrete and stone-laying all belong to elastic body, and under horizontal loads, amount of deflection will occur dam body, therefore also need to carry out deflection observation., will there is volume change in the load actions such as dam body temperature influence and deadweight, depression also will occur ground, need to carry out perpendicular displacement (depression) observation.China arranges monitoring system since the eighties in 20th century on a large scale at dam.
The classification method of dam body displacement monitoring has: 1) according to the position of measuring point, be divided into dam body surface and internal displacement monitoring; 2), according to measurement function, be divided into horizontal displacement monitoring, perpendicular displacement monitoring and three-D displacement monitoring; 3), according to the continuity of monitoring, be divided into artificial cycle monitoring and on-line continuous monitoring.Dam body surface displacement monitoring method comprises two large classes: 1) according to basic point elevation and position, with transit, spirit-leveling instrument, electronic distance measuring instrument or laser collimator, GPS, intelligent total powerstation etc., measure dam body surface monument, surveyor's beacon place elevation and change in location, this mode can realize the three-D displacement DATA REASONING of measuring point; 2) on dam body surface, install or bury underground the instrument of some displacement monitorings, this mode can only be measured the individual event displacement data of measuring point conventionally.Dam body internal displacement monitoring is mainly realized by embedded instrument is installed, and conventionally can only monitor the individual event displacement data (horizontal shift or perpendicular displacement) of measuring point.Conventional displacement monitoring instrument has displacement meter, crack gauge, inclinator, sedimentometer, plumb line coordinator, tensile-line instrument, multipoint displacement meter and strainometer etc.
Online detection research situation is as follows both at home and abroad at present.
1, horizontal shift on-line monitoring technique
Supporting layout and checking are mutually carried out in dam body horizontal displacement monitoring technology and surface deformation monitoring, dam body perpendicular displacement monitoring etc.Common technology has tiltmeter technology, draws bracing cable technology, just, reversed pendulum technology etc.
1.1 tiltmeter technology
Tiltmeter technology is mainly used in measuring the displacement of dam body inner horizontal, and principle of work is the variable angle amount of measuring between inclinometer pipe axis and pedal line, thereby calculates the horizontal shift size of soil layer each point.Tiltmeter have movable tiltmeter and fixedly tiltmeter minute.Movable tiltmeter is for manual measurement, and fixedly tiltmeter can be realized automatic on-line measurement.Its measuring method forms sensor string at a certain distance by some stationary slope levels, calculates the inclinometer pipe section that each sensor is corresponding move according to transducer spacing (gauge length) and measured inclination angle, forms the horizontal distortion curve of inclinometer pipe.Different according to sensor, fixedly tiltmeter is divided into servo accelerometer formula, electrolyte type, resistance-strain chip etc.That the method construction is disturbed is less, measuring principle theoretical foundation fully, stable performance, simple to operate, can on-line monitoring.When measurement hole depth is little, measuring accuracy meets the demands; But when hole depth is larger, inner laying sensor is more, and cost is higher, and measuring accuracy is affected simultaneously.
1.2 draw bracing cable technology
Drawing bracing cable formula horizontal displacement meter is to utilize the stainless steel steel wire that linear expansion coefficient is very little that the horizontal shift of dam body internal monitoring point is delivered to the observation room outside dam, by measuring steel wire, the fixing relative displacement of punctuate is realized the observation of dam body inner horizontal displacement.By leading block, at its observation room end, add fixedly counterweight or a weight, when the flat measuring point of water in dam moves, drive steel wire moves, and in the fixing displacement of punctuate place steel wire, adds that the displacement of self is the displacement of the flat measuring point of water in dam.The method measurement result reproducible, precision is high, and measurement result is not subject to the such environmental effects such as atmospheric pressure and temperature, do not need to carry out atmospheric pressure compensation and temperature correction, long-time stability are good.But the method construction is complicated, maintenance inconvenience.Drawing bracing cable technology also can be for the displacement of monitoring dam body surface level, and principle is to adopt a stainless steel steel wire to apply tension force at two-end-point place, thereby makes its straight line that is projected as at surface level measure measured point with respect to the offset distance of this straight line.With collimation line method, compare, the datum line of this method is the straight line of a physics.The feature of method of tension wire alignment is: be subject to ectocine little, in dam monitoring, application is general.Its measuring accuracy depends primarily on reading accuracy, adopts the bracing cable measuring system of drawing of linear CCD sensor to realize automatic reading, and its range is several centimetres, be better than ± 0.1mm of precision.But the two ends of drawing bracing cable generally will be provided with vertical line, so that the benchmark of measurement to be provided, objectively increased the installation and maintenance use cost of system.The development trend of drawing bracing cable technology is two-way lead wire, and the displacement of the gentle vertical direction of observation water, has improved observation rate simultaneously.
1.3 just, reversed pendulum technology
Just, reversed pendulum both can realize dam body surface level displacement monitoring, can realize again the deflection observation of earth dam.Meanwhile, the method again often and other method such as method of laser alignment, method of tension wire alignment be used in conjunction with.Vertical frontal line is that one end is fixed near dam crest, and the other end hangs weight, so as between observation dam body each point and dam body with respect to the displacement of the dam foundation, and the deflection observation of dam body.Reversed pendulum is that one end is embedded in dam body foundation deep layer basement rock place, and the other end floats, and measures the absolute displacement of dam body.This technology is widely used in dam monitoring, and attains full development, and adopts linear CCD sensor technology can realize automatic reading.
2 dam body perpendicular displacement on-line monitoring techniques
Dam body perpendicular displacement monitoring and dimensional deformation monitoring, dam body horizontal displacement monitoring etc. are carried out supporting layout and checking mutually.Main monitoring method has communicating pipe method monitoring technology (static level method), horizontal stationary slope level monitoring technology, vibrating wire settlement sensor monitoring technology etc.
2.1 communicating pipe method on-line monitoring technique
Utilize liquid communicating pipe two-port in the principle of same level, observe, the implementation of dam body internal vertical displacement monitoring is: in dam body, design monitoring position arranges sedimentation gauge head, in gauge head, settle a container, be furnished with water inlet pipe, drainpipe and gas outlet, three Guan Shunpo guide to dam body outward appearance ell, water inlet pipe is connected with measurement mechanism (marking graduated glass tube) in observation room, by connection balance, makes in glass tube the vessel level in liquid level and gauge head in same water level elevation.Drainpipe is the unnecessary liquid discharge that limits water level by surpassing in gauge head container, and fixedly water level in gauge head container, can calculate gauge head elevation by the glass tube water level on observation room measurement mechanism.Gas outlet communicates container with observation room atmosphere, make liquid level in container be identical atmospheric free surface with liquid level in glass tube.The method measuring principle is simple, intuitive measurement results.By water colunm height in the high sensor measurement glass tube of measuring accuracy, can realize on-line monitoring.But also have following shortcoming: civil engineering workload is large, the concreting of measuring point pier needs curing time, and channel excavation affects construction transportation, and construction is disturbed large, affects main body construction progress; Construction process requirement is higher, need carry out necessary protection to gauge head and pipeline, and pipeline must reliably connect; Liquid is had to specific (special) requirements, need to adopt the distilled water of exhaust, at cold district, need add anti freezing solution; In pipe, the existence of the suitable microorganism of environment, certainly leads to and affects the material that pipeline is unimpeded, causes measuring system to lose efficacy; Observation program and maintenance measure are complicated.Hydrostatic level is also the important instrument of monitoring dam body surface vertical sedimentation, and measuring principle is identical with connecting pipe principle, according to the elevation of starting datum mark, by the discrepancy in elevation recording communicating pipe, carrys out the elevation of pilot measurement punctuate.Communicating pipe is comprised of sebific duct, glass tube and delineation chi etc.This method is not subject to the impact of Atmosphere Refraction, is easy to realize the robotization of reading and transmission, and be better than ± 0.1mm of measuring accuracy is widely used in perpendicular displacement monitoring.Hydrostatic level is reliable because measuring high, the long-term Measurement sensibility of precision prescribed, with the measurement of general small-range pressure transducer, does not reach this requirement.
2.2 horizontal stationary slope level monitoring technology
On design monitoring elevation, level is laid inclinometer pipe, in pipe, place the sensor string being formed at a certain distance by some horizontal stationary slope levels, adopt the fixedly inclination angle of gradient meter sensor measurement vertical direction, according to transducer spacing (gauge length) and measured inclination angle, calculate the inclinometer pipe section that this sensor is corresponding and move, the deformation curve that the algebraic sum that each sensor respective tube section moves forms is the sedimentation and deformation curve of inclinometer pipe.The method construction is disturbed less, quick and easy for installation, and measuring principle theoretical foundation is abundant, and the construction time can be observed, do not need auxiliary civil engineering, easily realize on-line monitoring, sensor resolution is high, measuring accuracy meets the demands, and observed result is subsidence curve, meets dam deformation rule.But measurement range is little, easily there is uneven settlement or dislocation, larger on measuring system impact, whether adapt to large sedimentation and deformation and need further to study and verify.
2.3 vibrating wire settlement sensor monitoring technology
Vibrating wire settlement sensor is fixed on sedimentation plate, by fluid-through tube, distilled water (anti freezing solution) is input to sedimentometer, form distilled water (anti freezing solution) water column, the pressure that water column produces acts directly on the pressure-bearing mould of sensor, change calculations by survey sensor frequency goes out change value of pressure, can know the height of water column through converting by inference.Measure water column liquid level elevation, can calculated settlement dish elevation.The method measuring principle is simple, and more for convenience, the construction time can be observed, and can realize on-line monitoring in construction.But have line clogging and antifreeze problem, if water colunm height is too high, measuring accuracy does not reach code requirement.Absolute settlement accuracy of observation is subject to measurement of the level Accuracy.
3 three-D displacement on-line monitoring techniques
Above-mentioned various monitoring method is to the horizontal shift of deformation point and perpendicular displacement testing respectively, affects measuring accuracy, increases difficulty of construction and workload, and measurement data simultaneity is bad.Development along with surveying instrument and measuring technique, adopt in a large number at present the measuring technique of the observation dam body surface deformation point horizontal shift of energy real-time continuous and perpendicular displacement, due to what measure, it is the three-D displacement value of deformation point, therefore be called " three-D displacement monitoring ", major technique has high-precision intelligent total station instrument technique and GPS monitoring technology etc.
3.1 intelligent total station instrument techniques
Intelligence total station instrument technique, utilize exactly so-called robot measurement (MeasurementRobot, the Huo Cheng geodetic Geo-robot of robot) carry out automatic search, tracking, identification and accurately find target accurately and obtain the information such as angle, distance, three-dimensional coordinate and image.Utilize intelligent total powerstation to carry out the robotization deformation monitoring of tailing dam, the monitoring form of generally taking is: the DEFORMATION MONITORING SYSTEM that intelligent total powerstation and monitoring point target (sighting prism) and upper control computer form, can realize round-the-clock unattended surveillance, its essence is automatic Polar measuring system.System, without manual intervention, can automatically gather, transmit and the three-dimensional data of processing deformation point.Utilize the Internet or other LAN (Local Area Network), also can realize remote monitoring and administration.The deployment cost of which monitoring point is low, management maintenance is easy, monitoring accuracy is high, and monitoring distance accuracy can reach 1mm left and right.But shortcoming is system lays the impact that is subject to the conditions such as landform, weather, can not realize intervisibility completely and measure, and compares with traditional measurement method, and early stage, installation cost was relatively high.
3.2GPS robotization technology for deformation monitoring
In the mounted on-line monitoring system of China, dam facing displacement measurement much all adopts GPS automatic monitoring technical.GPS automatic monitoring technical and full-automatic total powerstation automatic monitoring technical are all by the contrast of dam facing monitoring point and basic point relative position, determine the displacement of monitoring point.But the monitoring accuracy of single GPS equipment can not meet the technical requirement of tailing dam safety management, need by GPS real time differential DEFORMATION MONITORING SYSTEM, utilize the deformation contrast of each monitoring point and base station, can greatly improve displacement monitoring precision, GPS displacement monitoring precision can reach horizontal shift 3mm, perpendicular displacement 5mm.Applying GPS carries out tailing dam deformation monitoring and has lot of advantages: 1) between survey station without intervisibility; 2) can put forward the three-D displacement information of controlling/monitoring point simultaneously; 3) round-the-clock monitoring; 4) monitoring accuracy is high; 5) easy and simple to handle, be easy to realize monitoring automation.But GPS also has its weak point: limited by satellite situation.For example, requiring between gps antenna and gps satellite must intervisibility, and any blocking all reducing available number of satellite, affects measuring accuracy.2) be subject to sky environmental impact.At noon on daytime, be subject to ionospheric interference large.Share satellite number few, often do not receive 5 satellites, thereby initialization time is long, even can not initialization, also just cannot measure.3) Data-Link transmission be disturbed and restriction, operating radius less than nominal range.While there is above-mentioned situation, measuring accuracy does not reach nominal accuracy, cannot meet measurement requirement.
At present, China's dam safety monitoring field all approaches or reaches advanced world standards at aspects such as monitoring instrument and automatic data acquisition system development and the researchs of Data Management Analysis method, and the various on-line monitoring instruments that are applied to reservoir dam are of a great variety.Yet for many years, China's reservoir dam displacement monitoring is in personal monitoring's stage, on-line monitoring just just just developed in recent years.With regard to displacement monitoring equipment itself, although kind is a lot, every kind of equipment has its weak point, from several respects such as precision, stability, installation work amount, maintenance, use, prices, investigates, and can meet the equipment of requirements seldom.Dam body internal displacement monitoring can only be used traditional individual event displacement monitoring equipment, needs pre-plugged or boring to install, and construction inconvenience, does not also have good alternative method at present; Three-dimensional data monitoring equipment that dam body surface displacement is used is easy for installation, stable performance, precision are high, but affected greatly by geographical environment, and mounting condition is restricted, and this type of home-made equipment rate is low, installation cost is high.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned deficiency, the invention provides a kind of reservoir dam depression and horizontal displacement monitoring system, reservoir dam is carried out to depression for it and horizontal shift detects automatically, can improve measuring accuracy, reduces equipment cost.
The present invention solves the technical scheme that its technical matters takes: reservoir dam depression and horizontal displacement monitoring system, it is characterized in that, comprise reference point detecting device and centralized manager, described centralized manager is arranged on one end of dam body, several equally spaced reference points are set take on the ray that centralized manager is end points, and in each datum, a reference point detecting device are set respectively;
Described reference point detecting device comprises detecting device housing, image detection device, baffle mechanism, camera, detect controller and solar panel, described detecting device housing is rectangular parallelepiped housing, the two sides corresponding at rectangular parallelepiped housing are respectively arranged with light hole, described image detection device is arranged between interior two light holes of housing, between two light holes and image detection device, be also respectively arranged with baffle mechanism, described camera is arranged on the inside sidewalls that image detection device is parallel to laser via, described detection controller is arranged in detecting device housing, described solar panel is arranged on detecting device case top, described detection controller respectively with baffle mechanism, camera is connected with solar panel,
Described centralized manager comprises manager housing and Switching Power Supply, Management Controller, generating laser, loudspeaker and the laser via baffle mechanism in manager housing is set, described manager housing one side is provided with laser via, described generating laser is arranged on the position of corresponding laser via in manager housing, described laser via baffle mechanism is arranged between generating laser and laser via, and described management is controlled it and is connected with Switching Power Supply, generating laser, loudspeaker and laser via baffle mechanism respectively.
Preferably, described image detection device comprises image detection device framework and the reflective cross of Laser Interception, described image detection device framework is provided with the slotted eye of equidistant parallel distribution, the reflective cross of described Laser Interception is arranged in the slotted eye of image detection device framework, and the reflective cross of Laser Interception place plane is parallel with laser via.
Preferably, described baffle mechanism comprises two baffle plates, baffle plate telescopic drive mechanism and baffle plate moving drive mechanism, described two baffle plates are connected by baffle plate telescopic drive mechanism, described baffle plate moving drive mechanism is connected with baffle plate telescopic drive mechanism, described baffle plate telescopic drive mechanism and baffle plate moving drive mechanism respectively with detect controller and be connected, and the end of travel of described baffle plate telescopic drive mechanism and baffle plate moving drive mechanism is provided with and the limit switch that detects controller and be connected.
Preferably, solar cell timing controller, OV7670 imageing sensor, EEPROM storage chip, data-carrier store, switching value input circuit and pwm pulse output circuit that described detection controller comprises super low power consuming single chip processor and is connected with single-chip microcomputer respectively, described OV7670 imageing sensor is connected with camera, described switching value input circuit is connected with the limit switch of baffle mechanism, and described pwm pulse output circuit is connected with the servomotor of baffle plate moving drive mechanism with baffle plate telescopic drive mechanism respectively by D/A converting circuit.
Preferably, described single-chip microcomputer adopts STM8L series monolithic.
Preferably, described detection controller also comprises radio frequency chip, and described radio frequency chip is connected with single-chip microcomputer.
Preferably, described laser via baffle mechanism comprises laser via baffle plate, the horizontal control gear of laser via baffle plate and the vertical control gear of laser via baffle plate, described Management Controller is connected with laser via baffle plate with the vertical control gear of laser via baffle plate by the horizontal control gear of laser via baffle plate, and the described horizontal control gear of laser via baffle plate is provided with the end of travel of the vertical control gear of laser via baffle plate the limit switch being connected with Management Controller.
Preferably, described Management Controller comprises processor and the DC-DC power module, GPRS module, ZigBee module, RS485 communication module, the laser via baffle plate horizontal vertical that are connected with processor respectively move control module, laser generator control module, speaker drive module, EEPROM power down protection reservoir and switching value input circuit; Described laser via baffle plate horizontal vertical moves control module and comprises pwm pulse output circuit and D/A converting circuit, and described pwm pulse output circuit is connected with the servomotor of laser via baffle plate vertical drive mechanism with laser via baffle plate horizontal drive mechanism respectively by D/A converting circuit; Described switching value input circuit is connected with the limit switch of laser via baffle mechanism.
Preferably, described light hole and laser via are circular port or square opening.
Preferably, this reservoir dam depression and horizontal displacement monitoring system also comprise host computer, and described host computer is connected with centralized manager by wireless communication mode or wire communication mode.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention can carry out depression and horizontal shift detects automatically to reservoir dam, and not only cost of products is low, measuring accuracy is high, stable performance, and easy for installation, be subject to that geographical environment affects greatly, maintenance cost is low, practical.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of reference point detecting device of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of image detection device of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of baffle mechanism of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of detection controller of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of centralized manager of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the structural representation of Management Controller of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is that laser parallel light pipe light beam of the present invention carries out the laser schematic cross-section of reference point while detecting, and in Fig. 8, A, B, C are respectively the original image of reference point, the laser schematic cross-section while being subjected to displacement with depression;
Fig. 9 is laser beam of the present invention by the luminous image of cross, and in Fig. 9, a, b, c are respectively the original image of reference point, the laser schematic cross-section while being subjected to displacement with depression;
In figure, 1 detecting device housing, 11 light holes, 2 image detection devices, 21 image detection device frameworks, the reflective cross of 22 Laser Interception, 3 baffle mechanisms, 31 baffle plates, 32 baffle plate telescopic drive mechanisms, 33 baffle plate moving drive mechanisms, 4 cameras, 5 detect controller, 6 solar panels;
M1 and M2 are the servomotor of baffle plate telescopic drive mechanism,
M3 and M4 are the servomotor of baffle plate moving drive mechanism,
M5 is the servomotor of laser via baffle plate horizontal drive mechanism,
M6 is the servomotor of laser via baffle plate vertical drive mechanism.
Embodiment
For clearly demonstrating the technical characterstic of this programme, below by embodiment, and in conjunction with its accompanying drawing, the present invention will be described in detail.Disclosing below provides many different embodiment or example to be used for realizing different structure of the present invention.Of the present invention open in order to simplify, hereinafter the parts of specific examples and setting are described.In addition, the present invention can be in different examples repeat reference numerals and/or letter.This repetition is in order to simplify and object clearly, itself do not indicate the relation between discussed various embodiment and/or setting.It should be noted that illustrated parts are not necessarily drawn in proportion in the accompanying drawings.The present invention has omitted the description of known assemblies and treatment technology and technique to avoid unnecessarily limiting the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of reservoir dam depression of the present invention and horizontal displacement monitoring system, it comprises reference point detecting device and centralized manager, described centralized manager is arranged on one end of dam body, several equally spaced reference points are set take on the ray that centralized manager is end points, and in each datum, a reference point detecting device are set respectively.
As shown in Figure 2, described reference point detecting device comprises detecting device housing 1, image detection device 2, baffle mechanism 3, camera 4, detect controller 5 and solar panel 6, described detecting device housing 1 is rectangular parallelepiped housing, in two sides corresponding to rectangular parallelepiped housing, be respectively arranged with light hole 11, described image detection device 2 is arranged between interior two light holes of housing, between two light holes and image detection device, be also respectively arranged with baffle mechanism 3, described camera 4 is arranged on the inside sidewalls (being the positive side of the reflective cross 22 of Laser Interception) that image detection device is parallel to laser via, in order to carry out image acquisition, described detection controller 5 is arranged in detecting device housing 1, described solar panel arranges 6 tops at detecting device housing, described detection controller 5 respectively with baffle mechanism 3, camera 4 is connected with solar panel 6.
As shown in Figure 3, the image detection device 2 of described reference point detecting device comprises image detection device framework 21 and the reflective cross 22 of Laser Interception, described image detection device framework 21 is provided with the slotted eye of equidistant parallel distribution, the reflective cross 22 of described Laser Interception is arranged in the slotted eye of image detection device framework 21, and the reflective cross 22 place planes of Laser Interception are parallel with laser via; The reflective cross of described Laser Interception can consist of two vertical laser reflecting strips, for the reflective cross of Laser Interception is securely fixed in the slotted eye of image detection device framework, the two ends of one of them laser reflecting strips that can be in two vertical laser reflecting strips arrange reinforcing strip, form " king " type structure in vertical or bedroom, or the two ends two laser reflecting strips all arrange reinforcing strip, form " field " structure.
As shown in Figure 4, the baffle mechanism 3 of described reference point detecting device comprises two baffle plates 31, baffle plate telescopic drive mechanism 32 and baffle plate moving drive mechanism 33, described two baffle plates 31 are connected by baffle plate telescopic drive mechanism 32, described baffle plate moving drive mechanism 33 is connected with baffle plate telescopic drive mechanism 32, described baffle plate telescopic drive mechanism 32 and baffle plate moving drive mechanism 33 respectively with detect controller 5 and be connected, and the end of travel of described baffle plate telescopic drive mechanism 32 and baffle plate moving drive mechanism 33 is provided with and the limit switch that detects controller and be connected.
As shown in Figure 5, the detection controller of described reference point detecting device comprises super low-power consumption STM8L series monolithic and the solar cell timing controller being connected with STM8L series monolithic respectively, OV7670 imageing sensor, EEPROM storage chip, data-carrier store, switching value input circuit, pwm pulse output circuit and radio frequency chip, described OV7670 imageing sensor is connected with camera, described switching value input circuit is connected with the limit switch of baffle mechanism, described pwm pulse output circuit by D/A converting circuit respectively with the servomotor M1 of baffle plate telescopic drive mechanism and baffle plate moving drive mechanism, M2, M3 is connected with M4.
As shown in Figure 6, described centralized manager comprises manager housing and Switching Power Supply, Management Controller, generating laser, loudspeaker and the laser via baffle mechanism in manager housing is set, described manager housing one side is provided with laser via, described generating laser is arranged on the position of corresponding laser via in manager housing, described laser via baffle mechanism is arranged between generating laser and laser via, and described management is controlled it and is connected with Switching Power Supply, generating laser, loudspeaker and laser via baffle mechanism respectively; Described laser via baffle mechanism comprises laser via baffle plate, the horizontal control gear of laser via baffle plate and the vertical control gear of laser via baffle plate, described Management Controller is connected with laser via baffle plate with the vertical control gear of laser via baffle plate by the horizontal control gear of laser via baffle plate, and the described horizontal control gear of laser via baffle plate is provided with the end of travel of the vertical control gear of laser via baffle plate the limit switch being connected with Management Controller.
As shown in Figure 7, the Management Controller of described centralized manager comprises processor and the DC-DC power module, GPRS module, ZigBee module, RS485 communication module, the laser via baffle plate horizontal vertical that are connected with processor respectively move control module, laser generator control module, speaker drive module, EEPROM power down protection reservoir and switching value input circuit; Described laser via baffle plate horizontal vertical moves control module and comprises pwm pulse output circuit and D/A converting circuit, and described pwm pulse output circuit is connected with M6 with the servomotor M5 of laser via baffle plate vertical drive mechanism with laser via baffle plate horizontal drive mechanism respectively by D/A converting circuit; Described switching value input circuit is connected with the limit switch of laser via baffle mechanism; Wherein, described processor adopting STM32F series monolithic, described GPRS module adopts Siemens MC 35i GPRS module, and described ZigBee module adopts SX1231 radio frequency chip.
As scheme preferably, light hole of the present invention and laser via all can adopt circular port, the hole of square opening or other upper and lower symmetric shape, and the area of section of light hole and laser via is greater than the logical Guang Kou of laser parallel light pipe cross section, when the region that the area of section of light hole is greater than the logical Guang Kou of laser parallel light pipe cross section is enough to collect dam body horizontal shift to greatest extent and depression occur, image (for example, if 800MM in the time of laser bore, pick-up unit is 1000MM, 1000-800=200MM is that dam body may produce the region shift length of doing large movement), laser is passed on the reflective cross of Laser Interception that light hole is radiated at image detection device.
As scheme preferably, this reservoir dam depression and horizontal displacement monitoring system also comprise host computer, and described host computer is connected with centralized manager by wireless communication mode or wire communication mode.
Reservoir dam depression of the present invention and horizontal displacement monitoring system are based on laser tranmission techniques, wireless network sensor technology and CCD imaging technique, to realize the remote auto detection of reservoir dam depression and horizontal shift.It mainly comprises: host computer, centralized manager and reference point detecting device, during work, by centralized manager, given a warning, around reminding, personnel are away from the path of laser process, 15 seconds post commands send reference point detecting device and prepare the control command detecting, and after reference point detecting device all receives orders, according to ZigBee-network agreement, upload and wait for laser reflection answer signal; Centralized manager obtains being all ready to open laser generator after order, sends the order of taking pictures simultaneously; Reference point detecting device is taken after obtaining taking order immediately; Centralized manager is sent the finish command, closes generating laser simultaneously; Reference point detecting device obtains the finish command, closes laser via, carries out image processing, and extracted valid data calculates reservoir dam depression and horizontal shift value.Centralized manager is waited until the laggard row data upload of upload command that receives host computer; Reference point detecting device enters dormancy and waits for mode of operation.
One, host computer
The management setting of centralized management, can to centralized manager, carry out remote parameter setting by GPRS and RS485: the Best Times to real-time detection, sense cycle and the detection of depression and horizontal shift, transfer the detection data that N time of centralized manager detect data and a year.Can check online the curve of depression and displacement.
Two, centralized manager
During work, by loudspeaker, carry out safety instruction, after continuing for some time, open laser via, some row control commands occur to reference point detecting device, obtaining opening laser generator in always permission situation, carry out displacement detecting.The complete individual reference point displacement that obtains reference point detecting device.Deposit each point value and total depression and the horizontal shift situation of dam body in EEPROM, wait for host computer information concerning order.Centralized manager and host computer can realize GPRS or RS485 carries out data communication.
Management Controller is control core, mainly comprises: the SX1231 module of DC-DC power module, Siemens MC 35i GPRS module, ZigBee, RS485 communication module, laser via baffle plate horizontal vertical move control module, laser generator control module, loudspeaker module, power-down protection storage EEPROM module, laser via baffle plate and move limit switch module and form.
Three, reference point detecting device
Reference point detecting device cardinal principle utilizes laser to run into blocking of barrier can send out absorption, reflection, refraction, scattering and diffraction principle, connect interception, obtain characteristic indication, with CCD shooting, obtain one dimension image, carry out image processing, obtain validity information, calculate depression and the horizontal shift numerical value of dam body.
Due to reservoir dam, build up and do not destroy as far as possible dam body and lay cable, so adopt solar cell for supplying power, oneself is very ripe for this technology, and it is few that reference point detecting device detects number of times, as long as have charge function, so less solar panel can meet.Reference point detecting device need to have shell protection; respectively there are two light holes whole like this reference point detecting device both sides; in order to prevent rainwater, the pollution of dust to the luminous cross of Laser Interception and camera; the baffle mechanism of light hole is blocked in design; square, circular and other laterally zygomorphic shapes that the shape of light hole can be designed to, the baffle shapes of corresponding baffle mechanism is also like this.Baffle plate has four, is wherein between two one group.During work, have Electric Machine Control horizontal mechanism to shrink, have Electric Machine Control vertical mechanism to swing up and down after contraction again, abdicate laser via, work complete, Electric Machine Control actuating mechanism is controlled in the other direction laser hole is stopped up.Realize high precision and control, Ke horizontal and vertical mechanism end of travel adds approach switch.Camera adopts one dimension shooting, camera is arranged on to the positive side of laser via, and Laser Interception parabolic reflector is carried out to image acquisition.It is control core that reference point detecting device adopts the STM8L embedded scm of low-power consumption, realizes a series of controls of automatically measuring.
Light be can't see in space, but run into blocking of object, can send out absorption, reflection, refraction, scattering and diffraction, utilizes this principle, can work as laser, in the profiling place of needs, one barrier is set, and presents the attribute of level and vertical shift simultaneously.Preferably barrier is that " cross " maybe can present other of two-dimensional plane intersection graph picture: " king's word ", " field word " type etc.Frame can be level and smooth bright conductor, and available metal, plastics, translucent, clear glass etc. are made, and in technique, with meticulous and imaging, are evident as master.In the application in diagram the both sides of " ten " with middle parallel be two and fix that " ten " support of use, as support applications, not as the sign of image acquisition.
Reservoir dam is longer, a check point can not reflect dam deformation situation, in requisition for selecting several reference points to detect, so cross that in detection, design a plurality of (10 for the time being) different paths are parallel to each other, can be according to different choice reference point on dam body, depression and the horizontal shift of a reference point can be detected in the position of adjusting cross.Laser is damaged through the light beam of interception parabolic reflector, and emissive porwer is reduced greatly.But as long as the position of the cross of each reference point is different, be just independent of each other mutually.
The monitoring of reservoir dam horizontal shift and depression can be by reference point detected image, analysis realizes.As shown in Figure 8 and Figure 9, general by the dam body depression of one-dimensional plane Image Acquisition and horizontal shift situation, image A, B, C be original image, be subjected to displacement the laser schematic cross-section with depression, corresponding a, b, c are the reflective image schematic diagram of Laser Interception that CCD gathers, and the region of image dots in the drawings.
Suppose that figure A is original initial graph, when only when occurred level displacement, obtain image B, when only obtain image C when there is depression.
By figure B, can ask occurred level displacement duration:
By figure C, can be obtained the value of depression:
Level in the time of can releasing reference point occurred level and depression thus and depression displacement are (state is from 0 to x):
In formula, R is the logical light mouth section radius of laser parallel light pipe, WH
0for the reflective cross the first half of Laser Interception height in initial laser image, WH
1for the reflective cross the first half of Laser Interception height in real-time laser image, WL
0for the reflective cross the latter half of Laser Interception height in initial laser image, WH
xand WL
xfor Laser Interception reflective cross the first half height and the latter half height in real-time laser image, X=1,2,3 ... N.
When needs are accurately measured, can be preset
the error producing along with shooting angle variation is revised, more accurate like this.
The controller of reference point detecting device is selected the super low-power consumption 8 8-digit microcontroller STM8L series of 8 frameworks of STMicw Electronics (STMicroelectronics) high-performance, and this chip be take and saved operation and stand-by power consumption is characteristic.Low-power-consumption embedded nonvolatile memory and a plurality of powder source management mode are the innovation characteristics of STM8L series.Powder source management mode comprises 5.4 μ A low power operation patterns, 3.3 μ A low-power consumption standby patterns, 1 μ A initiatively stop mode (real-time clock operation) and 350nA stop mode, and various modes is applicable to energy-conserving and environment-protective demand and the higher field of battery life cycle STM8L series.This controller starts wireless module for 3 ~ 5 seconds and carries out order and obtain, if obtain the sense command of host computer, enter mode of operation, power to all devices, by horizontal and vertical motor with carry out the baffle plate that control gear is opened laser via, after receiving shooting order, take pictures immediately, close laser via simultaneously, carry out image processing, obtain the image of " ten ", carry out the calculating of depression and horizontal shift, completely according to agreement, be uploaded to host computer.Testing process is complete.
Specific implementation process of the present invention is as follows: (general approximately 100 meters) install a reference point detecting device first as requested, and the position of the inner cross of each reference point detecting device is all different.After installing, then carry out initialization debugging.The initial laser image of each the reference point detecting device of control synchronous acquisition by Centralized Controller, deposits the significant value of image in EEPROM in.In testing process, reference point detecting device wakes up once every 5 seconds, carries out obtaining of order, once obtain order, enters mode of operation, waits for that opening baffle plate takes order.After testing, reference point detecting device is transferred to host computer by depression and horizontal shift value.Mode of operation and the working condition of reference point detecting device are determined by host computer.
In addition, range of application of the present invention is not limited to technique, mechanism, manufacture, material composition, means, method and the step of the specific embodiment of describing in instructions.From disclosure of the present invention, as those of ordinary skill in the art, will easily understand, for the technique, mechanism, manufacture, material composition, means, method or the step that have existed or be about to develop at present later, wherein they carry out identical function or the identical result of acquisition cardinal principle of corresponding embodiment cardinal principle of describing with the present invention, according to the present invention, can apply them.Therefore, claims of the present invention are intended to these technique, mechanism, manufacture, material composition, means, method or step to be included in its protection domain.
Claims (10)
1. reservoir dam depression and horizontal displacement monitoring system, it is characterized in that, comprise reference point detecting device and centralized manager, described centralized manager is arranged on one end of dam body, several equally spaced reference points are set take on the ray that centralized manager is end points, and in each datum, a reference point detecting device are set respectively;
Described reference point detecting device comprises detecting device housing, image detection device, baffle mechanism, camera, detect controller and solar panel, described detecting device housing is rectangular parallelepiped housing, the two sides corresponding at rectangular parallelepiped housing are respectively arranged with light hole, described image detection device is arranged between interior two light holes of housing, between two light holes and image detection device, be also respectively arranged with baffle mechanism, described camera is arranged on the inside sidewalls that image detection device is parallel to laser via, described detection controller is arranged in detecting device housing, described solar panel is arranged on detecting device case top, described detection controller respectively with baffle mechanism, camera is connected with solar panel,
Described centralized manager comprises manager housing and Switching Power Supply, Management Controller, generating laser, loudspeaker and the laser via baffle mechanism in manager housing is set, described manager housing one side is provided with laser via, described generating laser is arranged on the position of corresponding laser via in manager housing, described laser via baffle mechanism is arranged between generating laser and laser via, and described management is controlled it and is connected with Switching Power Supply, generating laser, loudspeaker and laser via baffle mechanism respectively.
2. reservoir dam depression according to claim 1 and horizontal displacement monitoring system, it is characterized in that, described image detection device comprises image detection device framework and the reflective cross of Laser Interception, described image detection device framework is provided with the slotted eye of equidistant parallel distribution, the reflective cross of described Laser Interception is arranged in the slotted eye of image detection device framework, and the reflective cross of Laser Interception place plane is parallel with laser via.
3. reservoir dam depression according to claim 1 and horizontal displacement monitoring system, it is characterized in that, described baffle mechanism comprises two baffle plates, baffle plate telescopic drive mechanism and baffle plate moving drive mechanism, described two baffle plates are connected by baffle plate telescopic drive mechanism, described baffle plate moving drive mechanism is connected with baffle plate telescopic drive mechanism, described baffle plate telescopic drive mechanism is connected with detection controller respectively with baffle plate moving drive mechanism, and the end of travel of described baffle plate telescopic drive mechanism and baffle plate moving drive mechanism is provided with and the limit switch that detects controller and be connected.
4. reservoir dam depression according to claim 3 and horizontal displacement monitoring system, it is characterized in that, the solar cell timing controller that described detection controller comprises super low power consuming single chip processor and is connected with single-chip microcomputer respectively, OV7670 imageing sensor, EEPROM storage chip, data-carrier store, switching value input circuit and pwm pulse output circuit, described OV7670 imageing sensor is connected with camera, described switching value input circuit is connected with the limit switch of baffle mechanism, described pwm pulse output circuit is connected with the servomotor of baffle plate moving drive mechanism with baffle plate telescopic drive mechanism respectively by D/A converting circuit.
5. reservoir dam depression according to claim 4 and horizontal displacement monitoring system, is characterized in that, described single-chip microcomputer adopts STM8L series monolithic.
6. reservoir dam depression according to claim 4 and horizontal displacement monitoring system, is characterized in that, described detection controller also comprises radio frequency chip, and described radio frequency chip is connected with single-chip microcomputer.
7. reservoir dam depression according to claim 1 and horizontal displacement monitoring system, it is characterized in that, described laser via baffle mechanism comprises laser via baffle plate, the horizontal control gear of laser via baffle plate and the vertical control gear of laser via baffle plate, described Management Controller is connected with laser via baffle plate with the vertical control gear of laser via baffle plate by the horizontal control gear of laser via baffle plate, and the described horizontal control gear of laser via baffle plate is provided with the end of travel of the vertical control gear of laser via baffle plate the limit switch being connected with Management Controller.
8. reservoir dam depression according to claim 7 and horizontal displacement monitoring system, it is characterized in that, described Management Controller comprises processor and the DC-DC power module, GPRS module, ZigBee module, RS485 communication module, the laser via baffle plate horizontal vertical that are connected with processor respectively move control module, laser generator control module, speaker drive module, EEPROM power down protection reservoir and switching value input circuit; Described laser via baffle plate horizontal vertical moves control module and comprises pwm pulse output circuit and D/A converting circuit, and described pwm pulse output circuit is connected with the servomotor of laser via baffle plate vertical drive mechanism with laser via baffle plate horizontal drive mechanism respectively by D/A converting circuit; Described switching value input circuit is connected with the limit switch of laser via baffle mechanism.
9. according to reservoir dam depression and horizontal displacement monitoring system described in claim 1-8 any one, it is characterized in that, described light hole and laser via are circular port or square opening.
10. according to reservoir dam depression and horizontal displacement monitoring system described in claim 1-8 any one, it is characterized in that, also comprise host computer, described host computer is connected with centralized manager by wireless communication mode or wire communication mode.
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