CN113607077A - Automatic measuring equipment and measuring method for micro-deformation of frozen soil - Google Patents
Automatic measuring equipment and measuring method for micro-deformation of frozen soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN113607077A CN113607077A CN202110919125.4A CN202110919125A CN113607077A CN 113607077 A CN113607077 A CN 113607077A CN 202110919125 A CN202110919125 A CN 202110919125A CN 113607077 A CN113607077 A CN 113607077A
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000013523 data management Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/0002—Arrangements for supporting, fixing or guiding the measuring instrument or the object to be measured
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Abstract
The invention relates to automatic measuring equipment for micro-deformation of frozen soil, which comprises an installation upright post arranged near a roadbed to be measured, a ball screw sliding table and a transparent protective cover which are arranged on the installation upright post, and a solar panel arranged near the installation upright post. The mounting upright post is provided with a main control cabin, and a storage battery and a control system circuit are arranged in the main control cabin; the ball screw sliding table is arranged in the transparent protective cover and is vertically arranged at the top of the mounting upright post; a plurality of laser head modules are arranged on the ball screw sliding table; a plurality of measuring piles with reflective sheets, which are in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of laser head modules, are arranged at measuring points on the roadbed to be measured; the solar panel is connected with the storage battery; the control system circuit is respectively connected with the solar panel, the ball screw sliding table and the plurality of laser head modules. The invention also discloses a measuring method of the device. The invention has simple structure and can realize the functions of automatic deformation measurement, real-time data uploading, remote instrument operation and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of surveying and mapping, in particular to automatic measuring equipment and a measuring method for micro-deformation of frozen soil.
Background
The construction of a transport hub from the Qinghai to the Lhasa is a lifeline project connecting inland and Tibet. The subgrade settlement deformation is an important index for evaluating the stability of the Qinghai-Tibet highway and railway engineering. In the past, the manual level gauge monitoring is the most basic monitoring means for field deformation monitoring, is the most reliable at the present stage, and is the monitoring means with the highest cost.
The measuring means formed by the level gauge and the sliding staff is a conventional frozen soil settlement deformation observation method, and is widely applied to engineering practice (construction, detection and supervision) and general scientific research work. The method evaluates the deformation and the change rule of the point to be monitored by comparing the relative position relationship between the monitoring point and the reference point. The method of levelling has the advantage of being intuitive and simple, but its disadvantages are also significant. Firstly, the measurement accuracy is closely related to the proficiency and responsibility of the measuring staff, the accuracy of the equipment (including a level gauge and a tower staff) and the weather condition. Secondly, because of manual observation, when the large-range and long-distance observation work is faced, the on-time observation is difficult to be realized, namely the once-a-day high-density observation. And thirdly, online monitoring is not achieved at the present stage. In addition, the problems of large error, high instrument cost and the like exist in the settlement deformation monitoring of the common total station. When a settlement deformation occurrence mechanism is researched, the monitoring of the process is crucial, and if the monitoring object cannot be monitored online and continuously at high frequency, the relation among all indexes in the deformation burst process cannot be known, and the settlement deformation critical value in instability cannot be captured.
With the technological progress, deformation monitoring is also taking a step towards the direction of automatic monitoring, and an unattended automatic solution has obvious advantages compared with manual observation: low artificial interference error, high measurement precision, high measurement frequency, real-time online checking and the like. Under certain application environment, an unattended automatic solution is required to replace a conventional leveling instrument for measuring the settlement deformation of the frozen soil roadbed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide real-time and accurate automatic measuring equipment for micro-deformation of frozen soil.
The invention also aims to provide a measuring method of the automatic measuring equipment for the micro-deformation of the frozen soil.
In order to solve the problems, the automatic measuring equipment for the micro-deformation of the frozen soil is characterized in that: the equipment comprises an installation upright post arranged near a roadbed to be measured, a ball screw sliding table and a transparent protective cover which are arranged on the installation upright post, and a solar panel arranged near the installation upright post; the mounting upright is provided with a main control cabin, and a storage battery and a control system circuit are arranged in the main control cabin; the ball screw sliding table is arranged in the transparent protective cover and is vertically arranged at the top of the mounting upright post; a plurality of laser head modules are arranged on the ball screw sliding table; a plurality of measuring piles with reflective sheets, which are in one-to-one correspondence with the laser head modules, are arranged at measuring points on the roadbed to be measured; the solar panel is connected with the storage battery; the control system circuit respectively with solar panel, ball screw slip table, several the laser head module links to each other.
The mounting upright post is of a cylindrical hollow structure, and a main control cabin is arranged at the middle section of the mounting upright post.
The ball screw sliding table comprises a base fixed on the mounting upright post, a top seat provided with a stepping motor, and a ball screw and a guide rail which are arranged between the base and the top seat; the center of the base is provided with the ball screw, and two sides of the ball screw are provided with a group of guide rails; the ball screw and the guide rail are sleeved with a sliding platform, a plurality of laser head modules are arranged on the sliding platform, and a lower positioning sheet is arranged at the lower part of the sliding platform; the ball screw penetrates through the top seat and is connected with the stepping motor through a coupler; the stepping motor and the laser head modules are respectively connected with the control system circuit through wires.
The control system circuit comprises a main control module, a power management module, a communication module, a measurement module, a data management module and a human-computer interaction module, wherein the main control module, the power management module, the communication module, the measurement module, the data management module and the human-computer interaction module are formed by a single chip microcomputer; the power management module consists of a solar charging and discharging control module and a system power supply module which are connected with the solar panel and the storage battery; the communication module consists of a USB communication module which is communicated with a computer and a mobile communication module which is connected with a mobile network; the measuring module consists of a laser transmitting and receiving data preprocessing module connected with a plurality of laser head modules and a stepping motor driving module connected with the stepping motor; the data management module consists of a storage module connected with the main control module, a transmission module connected with the communication module and a processing module respectively connected with the storage module and the transmission module; the man-machine interaction module comprises a key input and state display module; the main control module is respectively connected with the power management module, the communication module, the measurement module, the data management module and the human-computer interaction module.
The measuring method of the automatic measuring equipment for the micro-deformation of the frozen soil comprises the following steps:
arranging a plurality of measuring piles with reflective sheets at measuring points on the roadbed to be measured;
secondly, a sliding platform in the ball screw sliding table is located in the middle of a guide rail and serves as an initial position; adjusting a plurality of laser head modules in the ball screw sliding table to align the corresponding measuring pile with the reflective sheet respectively, and ensuring that the measuring pile with the reflective sheet is frozen and swelled or melted and deformed within the scanning range of the sliding platform;
mounting the transparent protective cover on the mounting upright post;
under the control of the control system circuit, the sliding platform firstly resets to the lowest point of the sliding platform determined by the lower positioning sheet, then controls the sliding platform to do reciprocating vertical motion on the guide rail, respectively emits and receives reflected light through each laser head module in the operation process, continuously and repeatedly scans to obtain the position I of each measuring pile with the reflective sheet corresponding to the sliding platform, and converts the rotating angle of the stepping motor in the ball screw sliding platform into distance data of the position I of the sliding platform relative to the lowest point of the sliding platform through accurate recording, and records the distance data as a;
fifthly, after a period of time, the measuring pile with the reflector plates is settled and deformed to a position II, the measurement is started again, the sliding platform moves to the position II of the sliding platform, the measuring pile with the reflector plates at the position II is scanned, the rotating angle of the stepping motor in the ball screw sliding table is accurately recorded, and the rotating angle is converted into distance data of the position II of the sliding platform relative to the lowest point of the sliding table and is recorded as b;
obtaining settlement deformation data Z corresponding to the measuring pile with the reflector at the time according to a parallelogram principle Z = a-b;
and repeatedly measuring deformation data corresponding to each measuring pile with the reflector every day as measuring frequency, and integrating the deformation data into deformation process monitoring data of different points of the roadbed on the time domain.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. under the control of a control system circuit, the sliding platform vertically moves on the guide rail, reflected light is emitted and received by the laser head module respectively in the operation process of the sliding platform, the scanning is continuously repeated to obtain the position of each measuring pile with the reflective sheet, and the rotation angle of the stepping motor is accurately recorded and converted into linear displacement data of the position of the sliding platform relative to the initial point, so that high-frequency and high-precision monitoring data of the roadbed deformation process of a plurality of measuring points are obtained, the functions of automatic deformation measurement, real-time data uploading, instrument remote operation and the like are realized, and the problem that an electronic level and a common level need manual measurement is solved.
2. The method for automatically measuring the deformation of the roadbed is based on the parallelogram measuring method, can realize measurement only by looking through equipment and a measuring pile, and has wider adaptability compared with level aiming measurement.
3. The laser head module is fixed in the deformation measurement process, and compared with a total station which needs to measure the angular distance to calculate and obtain elevation data, the laser head module is smaller in introduced error and lower in cost.
Drawings
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a working principle diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a functional structure diagram of the main control circuit of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-roadbed to be measured; 2-measuring the pile with a reflective sheet; 3, mounting a stand column; 31-a master control cabin; 4-control system circuitry; 41-a main control module; 42-a power management module; 421-solar charge and discharge control module; 422-a system power supply module; 43-a communication module; 431-USB communication module; 432-mobile communication module; 44-a measurement module; 441-laser emission and reception data preprocessing module; 442-a stepper motor drive module; 45-a data management module; 451-a storage module; 452-a transmission module; 453 a processing module; 51-ball screw; 52-a guide rail; 53-sliding platform; 54-a coupling; 55-a stepper motor; 6-laser head module; 7-a transparent protective cover; 8-a solar panel; 2-1-position i; 2-2-position ii; 53-1 sliding platform position I; 53-2-sliding platform position II.
Detailed Description
As shown in figures 1-3, the automatic measuring equipment for the micro-deformation of the frozen soil comprises an installation upright post 3 arranged near a roadbed 1 to be measured, a ball screw sliding table and a transparent protective cover 7 arranged on the installation upright post 3, and a solar panel 8 arranged near the installation upright post 3.
The mounting upright post 3 is provided with a main control cabin 31, and a storage battery and control system circuit 4 are arranged in the main control cabin 31; the ball screw sliding table is arranged in the transparent protective cover 7 and is vertically arranged at the top of the mounting upright post 3; a plurality of laser head modules 6 are arranged on the ball screw sliding table; a plurality of measuring piles 2 with reflective sheets, which are in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of laser head modules 6, are arranged at measuring points on the roadbed 1 to be measured; the solar panel 8 is connected with the storage battery; control system circuit 4 links to each other with solar panel 8, ball screw slip table, several laser head module 6 respectively.
Wherein: the mounting column 3 is of a cylindrical hollow structure, and a main control cabin 31 is arranged at the middle section of the mounting column.
The ball screw sliding table comprises a base fixed on the mounting upright post 3, a top seat provided with a stepping motor 55, a ball screw 51 and a guide rail 52 which are arranged between the base and the top seat; a ball screw 51 is arranged in the center of the base, and a group of guide rails 52 are arranged on two sides of the ball screw 51; the ball screw 51 and the guide rail 52 are sleeved with a sliding platform 53, the sliding platform 53 is provided with a plurality of laser head modules 6, and the lower part of the sliding platform 53 is provided with a lower positioning sheet; the ball screw 51 passes through the top seat and is connected with a stepping motor 55 through a coupler 54; the stepping motor 55 and the plurality of laser head modules 6 are respectively connected with the control system circuit 4 through leads.
The control system circuit 4 comprises a main control module 41, a power management module 42, a communication module 43, a measurement module 44, a data management module 45 and a man-machine interaction module 46 which are formed by a single chip microcomputer; the power management module 42 is composed of a solar charging and discharging control module 421 and a system power supply module 422 which are connected with the solar panel 8 and the storage battery; the communication module 43 is composed of a USB communication module 431 for communicating with the computer and a mobile communication module 432 connected with the mobile network; the measurement module 44 is composed of a laser emitting and receiving data preprocessing module 441 connected with the plurality of laser head modules 6, and a stepping motor driving module 442 connected with the stepping motor 55; the data management module 45 comprises a storage module 451 connected with the main control module 41, a transmission module 452 connected with the communication module 43, and a processing module 453 connected with the storage module 451 and the transmission module 452 respectively; the human-computer interaction module 46 comprises a key input and status display module; the main control module 41 is respectively connected with a power management module 42, a communication module 43, a measurement module 44, a data management module 45 and a human-computer interaction module 46.
The control system circuit 4 can complete the control of the equipment, the data processing and the wireless remote transmission, and can obtain the monitoring data of the roadbed deformation process with high frequency and high precision in time.
In practical application, one of the monitoring points corresponding to the plurality of laser head modules 6 is a set reference monitoring point, and more accurate deformation monitoring data can be acquired through reference point calibration.
The measuring method of the automatic measuring equipment for the micro-deformation of the frozen soil comprises the following steps:
arranging a plurality of measuring piles 2 with reflective sheets at measuring points on a roadbed 1 to be measured;
secondly, a sliding platform 53 in the ball screw sliding table is positioned in the middle of the guide rail 52 to serve as an initial position; adjusting a plurality of laser head modules 6 in the ball screw sliding table respectively to align the corresponding measuring pile 2 with the reflective sheet, and ensuring that the frost heaving or melt-sinking deformation of the measuring pile 2 with the reflective sheet is in the scanning range of the sliding platform 53;
the transparent protective cover 7 is arranged on the mounting upright post 3, so that field instruments are protected, and the field working environment adaptability is improved;
fourthly, under the control of the control system circuit 4, the sliding platform 53 is reset to the lowest point of the sliding platform determined by the lower positioning sheet, then the sliding platform is controlled to reciprocate vertically on the guide rail 52, reflected light is emitted and received by the laser head modules 6 respectively in the running process, the scanning is continuously repeated to obtain the position I2-1 of the corresponding measuring pile 2 with the reflective sheet, the rotating angle of the stepping motor 55 in the ball screw sliding platform is accurately recorded, the rotating angle is converted into distance data of the position I53-1 of the sliding platform relative to the lowest point of the sliding platform, and the distance data is recorded as a;
fifthly, after a period of time, the measuring pile 2 with the reflector plates is settled and deformed to the position II 2-2, the measurement is started again, the sliding platform 53 moves to the sliding platform position II 53-2, the measuring pile 2 with the reflector plates at the position II 2-2 is scanned, the rotating angle of the stepping motor 55 in the ball screw sliding table is accurately recorded, the rotating angle is converted into distance data of the sliding platform position II 53-2 relative to the lowest point of the sliding table, and the distance data is recorded as b;
according to the parallelogram principle Z = a-b, Z' is a difference value between a sliding platform position I53-1 and a sliding platform position II 53-2, and then settlement deformation data Z corresponding to the time-band reflector measuring pile 2 can be obtained;
and repeatedly measuring deformation data corresponding to each measuring pile 2 with the reflector every day by taking the measuring frequency every day as the measuring frequency, and integrating the deformation data into deformation process monitoring data of different points of the roadbed on the time domain.
The main control system software of the invention has acquired the copyright registration of the computer software of the national copyright office of the people's republic of China, and the software name is as follows: automatic monitoring main control system software for micro deformation of frozen soil; registration number: 2020SR 0816256.
The invention has made a test prototype and completed the test.
And (3) testing time: year 2020, months 4 to 11.
Test site: the northwest institute of ecological environmental resources, floor 7 of east sentry west road 318 of the city gate of Lanzhou, Gansu province.
Taking the 7 month test data as follows:
Claims (5)
1. the utility model provides a frozen soil micro deformation automatic measuring equipment which characterized in that: the equipment comprises an installation upright post (3) arranged near a roadbed (1) to be measured, a ball screw sliding table and a transparent protective cover (7) arranged on the installation upright post (3), and a solar panel (8) arranged near the installation upright post (3); the mounting upright post (3) is provided with a main control cabin (31), and a storage battery and a control system circuit (4) are arranged in the main control cabin (31); the ball screw sliding table is arranged in the transparent protective cover (7) and is vertically arranged at the top of the mounting upright post (3); a plurality of laser head modules (6) are arranged on the ball screw sliding table; a plurality of measuring piles (2) with reflective sheets, which correspond to the laser head modules (6) one by one, are arranged at measuring points on the roadbed (1) to be measured; the solar panel (8) is connected with the storage battery; control system circuit (4) respectively with solar panel (8), ball screw slip table, several laser head module (6) link to each other.
2. The automatic measuring equipment of the micro-deformation of the frozen soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: the mounting upright post (3) is of a cylindrical hollow structure, and a main control cabin (31) is arranged at the middle section of the mounting upright post.
3. The automatic measuring equipment of the micro-deformation of the frozen soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: the ball screw sliding table comprises a base fixed on the mounting upright post (3), a top seat provided with a stepping motor (55), and a ball screw (51) and a guide rail (52) which are arranged between the base and the top seat; the center of the base is provided with the ball screw (51), and two sides of the ball screw (51) are provided with a group of guide rails (52); the ball screw (51) and the guide rail (52) are sleeved with a sliding platform (53), a plurality of laser head modules (6) are arranged on the sliding platform (53), and a lower positioning sheet is arranged at the lower part of the sliding platform (53); the ball screw (51) penetrates through the top seat and is connected with the stepping motor (55) through a coupler (54); the stepping motor (55) and the laser head modules (6) are respectively connected with the control system circuit (4) through leads.
4. The automatic measuring equipment of the micro-deformation of the frozen soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: the control system circuit (4) comprises a main control module (41), a power management module (42), a communication module (43), a measurement module (44), a data management module (45) and a man-machine interaction module (46) which are formed by single-chip microcomputers; the power management module (42) is composed of a solar charging and discharging control module (421) connected with the solar panel (8) and the storage battery and a system power supply module (422); the communication module (43) is composed of a USB communication module (431) which is communicated with the computer and a mobile communication module (432) which is connected with a mobile network; the measuring module (44) consists of a laser transmitting and receiving data preprocessing module (441) connected with a plurality of laser head modules (6) and a stepping motor driving module (442) connected with the stepping motor (55); the data management module (45) is composed of a storage module (451) connected with the main control module (41), a transmission module (452) connected with the communication module (43), and a processing module (453) respectively connected with the storage module (451) and the transmission module (452); the man-machine interaction module (46) comprises a key input and state display module; the main control module (41) is respectively connected with the power management module (42), the communication module (43), the measurement module (44), the data management module (45) and the human-computer interaction module (46).
5. The method for measuring the frozen soil micro-deformation automatic measuring equipment according to claim 1, comprising the following steps:
arranging a plurality of measuring piles (2) with reflective sheets at measuring points on the roadbed (1) to be measured;
secondly, a sliding platform (53) in the ball screw sliding table is located in the middle of a guide rail (52) and serves as an initial position; adjusting a plurality of laser head modules (6) in the ball screw sliding table to align the corresponding measuring pile (2) with the reflective sheet respectively, and ensuring that the measuring pile (2) with the reflective sheet is frozen or thawed and deformed within the scanning range of the sliding platform (53);
mounting the transparent protective cover (7) on the mounting upright post (3);
fourthly, under the control of the control system circuit (4), the sliding platform (53) firstly resets to the lowest point of the sliding platform determined by the lower positioning sheet, then the sliding platform is controlled to reciprocate vertically on the guide rail (52), in the running process, the sliding platform is respectively emitted and receives reflected light through each laser head module (6), the scanning is continuously repeated to obtain the position I (2-1) corresponding to each measuring pile (2) with the reflective sheet, the rotating angle of the stepping motor (55) in the ball screw sliding platform is accurately recorded, the distance data of the position I (53-1) of the sliding platform relative to the lowest point of the sliding platform is converted, and the distance data is recorded as a;
fifthly, after a period of time, the measuring pile (2) with the reflector plates is settled and deformed to a position II (2-2), the measurement is started again, the sliding platform (53) moves to the position II (53-2) of the sliding platform, the measuring pile (2) with the reflector plates at the position II (2-2) is scanned, the rotating angle of the stepping motor (55) in the ball screw sliding table is accurately recorded, the rotating angle is converted into distance data of the position II (53-2) of the sliding platform relative to the lowest point of the sliding table, and the distance data is recorded as b;
obtaining settlement deformation data Z corresponding to the measuring pile (2) with the reflector at the time according to the parallelogram principle Z = a-b;
and repeatedly measuring deformation data corresponding to each measuring pile (2) with the reflector every day as measuring frequency, and integrating the deformation data into deformation process monitoring data of different points of the roadbed in the time domain.
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| CN202110919125.4A CN113607077B (en) | 2021-08-11 | 2021-08-11 | Automatic measuring equipment and measuring method for micro-deformation of frozen soil |
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Inventor after: Chen Ji Inventor after: Wang Zhiwei Inventor after: Zhao Yaojun Inventor after: Sun Fangzhen Inventor after: Liu Youqian Inventor after: Dang Haiming Inventor after: Kang Jiexuan Inventor after: Zhang Shouhong Inventor after: Wang Jinchang Inventor after: Wu Guilong Inventor after: Dong Tianchun Inventor before: Chen Ji Inventor before: Zhao Yaojun Inventor before: Liu Youqian Inventor before: Dang Haiming Inventor before: Kang Jiexuan Inventor before: Zhang Shouhong Inventor before: Wang Jinchang Inventor before: Wu Guilong Inventor before: Dong Tianchun Inventor before: Wang Zhiwei |