CN105735212B - Method and system for observing dynamic change of vertical water temperature of water return area of reservoir - Google Patents
Method and system for observing dynamic change of vertical water temperature of water return area of reservoir Download PDFInfo
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- CN105735212B CN105735212B CN201610110694.3A CN201610110694A CN105735212B CN 105735212 B CN105735212 B CN 105735212B CN 201610110694 A CN201610110694 A CN 201610110694A CN 105735212 B CN105735212 B CN 105735212B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
- G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a system for observing dynamic changes of vertical water temperature in a backwater area of a reservoir, wherein the method comprises the steps of observing the space distribution rule and the time distribution rule of the dynamic changes of the vertical water temperature in the backwater area of the reservoir according to the water level and water temperature change characteristics of the reservoir, observation cycle distribution of different water temperatures, observation work precision and observation work representativeness, and arranging vertical line measuring points and vertical line measuring points according to the dynamic changes of the vertical water temperature in each characteristic area of the backwater area of the reservoir; the system comprises a reservoir perennial return water area, a reservoir change return water area and a reservoir return water tail end area, wherein a plurality of vertical water temperature dynamic change space distribution rule observation sections are respectively arranged in the reservoir perennial return water area, the reservoir change return water area and the reservoir return water tail end area, and a water temperature observation instrument is arranged at each observation section. The invention ensures the systematicness, representativeness and reliability of the observation result of the dynamic change rule of the vertical water temperature of the backwater area of the reservoir.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering hydrological observation technical field, is specifically related to a kind of vertical water in backwater of reservoir area
Warm dynamic change observation procedure and system.
Background technology
The hydrologic regime and water body environment of Reservoir region are changed after the barrage hydraulic structure such as Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering Cheng Ku,
Reservoir had not only regulated and stored water but also had stored heat, therefore Reservoir region water body water temperature can be caused lamination occur, in theory, river point
Stratotype reservoir is generally divided into the water temperature delamination area of libraries section, the water temperature transition region in Reservoir, Reservoir before dam on river course longitudinal direction
The distribution of water temperature characteristic area of water temperature mixed zone three of tail, and three characteristic area different times river course on reservoir longitudinal direction
Distribution is dynamic change.
Run and changed according to the water level in more than Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering reservoir dam longitudinal river course, backwater of reservoir is divided into closely
Three, the Setting MARC area water level distribution characteristics region of the long-term backwater zone of monolith, the Fluctuating Backwater Area in storehouse and storehouse tail, water
The operation and change of three, reservoir backwater area characteristic area water level, backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature distribution character can be caused with water level
Operate in different times and dynamic change, this dynamic change determines reservoir river course longitudinal direction water temperature overall distribution and change.
However, water temperature transition region and storehouse tail in the Ba Qian water temperature delaminations area of Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering Reservoir region, storehouse in theory
Water temperature mixed zone three " distribution of water temperature characteristic area ", become in the long-term backwater zone of nearly monolith, storehouse with actually backwater of reservoir area
Dynamic coupling effect relation research between backwater zone, three, Ku Wei Setting MARCs area " water level operation characteristic region ", and thus
The relative influence research brought, be still in blank stage at present, in particular for backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change and
In terms of the observational study of correlation effect, the technical method of backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change observation is related to requiring shortage
Effective unification of directive/guide or specification, observing buoy quality generally existing systematicness, the problems such as representative, reliability is not strong, to carrying
The water body water temperature changing rule such as high China river, reservoir Study on Mathematic Model, empirical equation are improved and its software for calculation is developed etc.
The reference significance of work is little, it is impossible to instructs Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering Reservoir region environment to influence the science of systematic development work well and opens
Exhibition.
Therefore, backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change is observed, theoretic " the distribution of water temperature characteristic area of research reservoir
Coupling effect between domain " and actual " water level operation characteristic region ", and to carry out the system research of associated environmental impacts
Technical support is performed, is very necessary.
The content of the invention
To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a kind of backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change observation procedure and is
System.According to reservoir level and water temperature variation characteristic, the distribution of different water temperature observation cycles, observation operating accuracy, observation operational representation
Property it is actual, with reference to the vertical water temperature dynamic rule situation of each characteristic area in backwater of reservoir area, to the vertical water in backwater of reservoir area
Warm dynamic change observation procedure makes requirement, with improve backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change observation operating technology it is horizontal and
Quality of achievement, overcome the deficiencies in the prior art.
The present invention is achieved by following technical solution.
A kind of backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change observation procedure, this method are changed according to reservoir level and water temperature
Characteristic, the distribution of different water temperature observation cycles, observation operating accuracy, observation operational representation are actual, with reference to each spy in backwater of reservoir area
The vertical water temperature dynamic rule situation in region is levied, the space distribution rule of backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change is seen
Survey, Time Distribution observation, and backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change observation vertical line, vertical line measuring point are laid；
The space distribution rule observation of the backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change refers to according to observation backwater of reservoir
Each characteristic area in area is actual to carry out the observation of vertical water temperature dynamic change space distribution rule, specific space distribution rule measuring frequency section
Lay according to three characteristic area distributions of reservoir and change reality, while take into account water temperature of reservoir distribution characteristics catastrophe, observation
Operating accuracy, measuring frequency section lay representative requirement, to the long-term backwater zone of reservoir, Fluctuating Backwater Area, the vertical water in Setting MARC area
The observation work of warm dynamic change space distribution rule is considered；
The Time Distribution observation of the backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change refers to different according to observation reservoir
The hydrology, ecology, meteorological change procedure carry out the Annual distribution rule of different observation cycle backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic changes
Rule observation；
The backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change observation vertical line, vertical line measuring point are laid and refer to hang down in backwater of reservoir area
Respectively drafted to water temperature dynamic change and vertical line laying and the specific measuring point laying of each observation vertical line are observed on measuring frequency section.
The backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change observation uses manual mode of operation, and water temperature observation instrument is placed in
On the tested point for specifying water temperature observation vertical line, stop at least 15 seconds, treat that instrument readings are stable and record vertical measuring point water temperature automatically
After bathymetric data, probe is moved into next measuring point, until the observation of whole piece vertical line is completed, recovery probe, and scene backup observation
Instrument related data.
The long-term backwater zone vertical water temperature dynamic change space distribution rule observation of reservoir refers in the long-term backwater of reservoir
Area carries out the laying of vertical water temperature dynamic change space distribution rule measuring frequency section, reservoir according to the operation of its water level with variation characteristic
Long-term backwater zone measuring frequency section at least considers long-term backwater zone lower end and the control section of long-term backwater zone upper end two.
The cbanging backwater reach vertical water temperature dynamic change space distribution rule observation refers in reservoir fluctuation backwater
Area carries out the laying of vertical water temperature dynamic change space distribution rule measuring frequency section, reservoir according to the operation of its water level with variation characteristic
Fluctuating Backwater Area measuring frequency section at least considers Fluctuating Backwater Area lower end, Fluctuating Backwater Area stage casing and the control of Fluctuating Backwater Area upper end three
Section processed.
The backwater of reservoir end region vertical water temperature dynamic change space distribution rule observation refers in backwater of reservoir end
Area carries out the laying of vertical water temperature dynamic change space distribution rule measuring frequency section, reservoir according to the operation of its water level with variation characteristic
Setting MARC area measuring frequency section at least considers 5~10km of Setting MARC area lower end and Setting MARC area lower end upstream reservoir area upstream
Two control sections of section section.
Time Distribution observation refers to root in the different Hydrology Periods of the backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change
The Time Distribution that backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change is carried out with changing rule according to the lifting operation of reservoir level is seen
Survey；Time Distribution observation refers to main according to reservoir in the different ecological cycle of backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change
The Time Distribution that aquatic ecological protection Objective periodic process rule carries out backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change is seen
Survey；Time Distribution observation refers to different according to reservoir in the different meteorological cycles of backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change
Four seasons alternating situation of change carries out the Time Distribution observation of backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change in water year.
The backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change measuring frequency section vertical line lay refer to according to measuring frequency section width and
Operating accuracy requirement is observed, backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change observation vertical line is laid on each measuring frequency section.
Backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change observation vertical line measuring point lay refer to according to measuring frequency section depth and
The distribution of water body vertical water temperature is actual, and specific water temperature measuring point is laid on backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change observation vertical line.
A kind of backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change observation system, including the long-term backwater zone of reservoir, reservoir change back
Pool and backwater of reservoir end region, reservoir long-term backwater zone, cbanging backwater reach and the backwater of reservoir end region are set respectively
Some vertical water temperature dynamic change space distribution rule measuring frequency sections are equipped with, water temperature observation is provided with each measuring frequency section
Instrument.
The water temperature observation instrument is using the instrument that can record the depth of water and water temperature parameters automatically, and the water temperature sensing in instrument
The resolution ratio of device is not less than 0.01 DEG C, and precision is not less than ± 0.15 DEG C, and measuring range is -5~100 DEG C；Water depth sensor precision
For not less than 0.3 meter, working depth scope is 0~500 meter.
The water temperature observation instrument uses the multi-parameter water quality monitors of YSI 6600.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
Using vertical water temperature dynamic change observation system in backwater of reservoir area of the present invention, to improving China river, reservoir
Water temperature change and regularity of distribution systematic observation operating technology level and quality of achievement Deng water body, overcome the deficiencies in the prior art,
Further lift the water body water temperature changing rule Study on Mathematic Model such as China river, reservoir, empirical equation is improved and its calculated soft
Part development and research is horizontal, promotes technical progress of industry significant, economic, society, obvious environment benefit.
Compared with prior art, vertical water temperature dynamic change observation system in backwater of reservoir area of the present invention considers reservoir
Water level and water temperature variation characteristic, the distribution of different water temperature observation cycles, observation operating accuracy, observation operational representation etc. are actual, carry
Space distribution rule observation, the Time Distribution observation of backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change are gone out, and reservoir returns
Observation procedure and the technical requirements such as pool vertical water temperature dynamic change observation vertical line, the laying of vertical line measuring point, hang down to backwater of reservoir area
Observation to water temperature dynamic rule comprehensively, effectively cover, it is ensured that backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change
Systematicness, representativeness, the reliability of rule observed result.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is backwater of reservoir area of Longtan hydropower station vertical water temperature dynamic rule measuring frequency section layout drawing in the present invention.
In figure：600m measuring frequency sections before 1- Longtan hydropower stations dam, 2- cloth Liuhe remittance mouth upstream 1km tributaries measuring frequency section, 3-
Cloth Liuhe converges mouth upstream 1km mainstreams measuring frequency section, 4- Dam of Longtan Hydroelectric Project upstream 14km mainstreams measuring frequency section, and Cao 5- crosses a river remittance
Mouthful downstream 1km mainstreams measuring frequency section, Cao 6-, which crosses a river, converges mouth upstream 1km tributaries measuring frequency section, and Cao 7-, which crosses a river, to converge mouth upstream trip 1km and do
Measuring frequency section is flowed, 8- covers river Hui Kou downstreams 1km mainstreams measuring frequency section, and 9- covers river Hui Kou upstreams 1km tributaries measuring frequency section, and 10- is covered
River Hui Kou upstreams trip 1km mainstreams measuring frequency section, 11- Dam of Longtan Hydroelectric Project upstream 50km mainstreams measuring frequency section, 12- dragons beach water power
Stand dam upstream 70km mainstreams measuring frequency section, 13- Dam of Longtan Hydroelectric Project upstream 90km mainstreams measuring frequency section, 14- dragons beach water power
Stand dam upstream 110km mainstreams measuring frequency section, 15- north Pan Jiang converges mouth downstream 1km mainstreams measuring frequency section, and 16- north Pan Jiang converges on mouth
Swim 1km tributaries measuring frequency section, 17- north Pan Jiang remittance mouths upstream trip 1km mainstreams measuring frequency section, 18- Dam of Longtan Hydroelectric Project upstream
150km mainstreams measuring frequency section, 19- Dam of Longtan Hydroelectric Project upstream 170km mainstreams measuring frequency section, on 20- Dam of Longtan Hydroelectric Project
Swim 189km mainstreams measuring frequency section, 21- Dam of Longtan Hydroelectric Project upstream 194km mainstreams measuring frequency section, 22- Dam of Longtan Hydroelectric Project
Upstream 199km mainstreams measuring frequency section, 23- Dam of Longtan Hydroelectric Project upstream 212km mainstreams measuring frequency section, 24- Longtan hydropower stations are big
Dam upstream 225km mainstreams measuring frequency section, 25- Dam of Longtan Hydroelectric Project upstream 230km mainstreams measuring frequency section, 26- Longtan hydropower stations
Dam upstream 240km mainstreams measuring frequency section, 27- Dam of Longtan Hydroelectric Project, the flat class's Dams of 28-.
Embodiment
Technical scheme is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but claimed scope is not limited to institute
State.
A kind of backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change observation procedure, this method are changed according to reservoir level and water temperature
Characteristic, the distribution of different water temperature observation cycles, observation operating accuracy, observation operational representation are actual, with reference to each spy in backwater of reservoir area
The vertical water temperature dynamic rule situation in region is levied, the space distribution rule of backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change is seen
Survey, Time Distribution observation, and backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change observation vertical line, vertical line measuring point are laid, with true
Systematicness, representativeness, the reliability of water conservation reservoir backwater area vertical water temperature dynamic change observed result.
The space distribution rule observation of the backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change refers to according to observation backwater of reservoir
Each characteristic area in area is actual to carry out the observation of vertical water temperature dynamic change space distribution rule, specific space distribution rule measuring frequency section
Laying should be actual according to three characteristic area distributions of reservoir and change, while takes into account water temperature of reservoir distribution characteristics catastrophe, sees
Operating accuracy, the representative requirement of measuring frequency section laying are surveyed, it is vertical to the long-term backwater zone of reservoir, Fluctuating Backwater Area, Setting MARC area
The observation work of water temperature dynamic change space distribution rule is considered, and is moved with effectively grasping backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature
The space distribution rule characteristic of state change.
The water temperature of reservoir distribution characteristics catastrophe refers to fork remittance, mainstream bifurcated, cuts out gulf libraries section, partly
Shape mutation (collapse on the bank section, alluvial section etc.), building of paddling (bridge ferryman journey, port engineering, taking water transfer structures engineering etc.)
Dashed forward etc. the factor and facility, above-mentioned water temperature of reservoir distribution characteristics that may be necessarily influenceed on the generation of backwater of reservoir area distribution of water temperature feature
Change, which is in should give when laying measuring frequency section, to be paid close attention to.
The observation operating accuracy refers to, according to observation target and technical requirements, in backwater of reservoir zone encryption or simplify
Dependent observation section, but the specific laying of measuring frequency section should be to ensure observing buoy to backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change
Space distribution rule characteristic, which carries out effectively covering, to be advisable；For backwater of reservoir section length below 100 kilometers, measuring frequency section spacing is suitable
For 5~10 kilometers；For backwater of reservoir section length more than 100 kilometers, measuring frequency section spacing is preferably 10~20 kilometers；Reservoir is returned
Three, pool characteristic area boundary scope distribution of water temperature and changing rule research work required precision are higher, should be long-term in reservoir
Measuring frequency section is laid in the boundary scope encryption of backwater zone, Fluctuating Backwater Area, Setting MARC area.
The measuring frequency section lays measuring frequency section that representativeness refers to lay should be to meet that backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature moves
State change space distribution rule characteristic observation work general requirement is advisable, i.e. consideration observation scope border, object of observation comprehensively
Input influences the factors such as coverage with output, to improve backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change space distribution rule characteristic
Observe practicality, the versatility of work.
The long-term backwater zone vertical water temperature dynamic change space distribution rule observation of reservoir refers in the long-term backwater of reservoir
Area carries out the laying of vertical water temperature dynamic change space distribution rule measuring frequency section, reservoir according to the operation of its water level with variation characteristic
Long-term backwater zone measuring frequency section should at least consider：Long-term backwater zone lower end (section before dam), long-term backwater zone upper end (Design of Reservoirs
Section corresponding to minimum operation water level) two control sections.As long-term backwater zone is longer or distribution of water temperature feature mutation feelings occurs
During condition, then measuring frequency section should be set up according to observation need of work.
The cbanging backwater reach vertical water temperature dynamic change space distribution rule observation refers in reservoir fluctuation backwater
Area carries out the laying of vertical water temperature dynamic change space distribution rule measuring frequency section, reservoir according to the operation of its water level with variation characteristic
Fluctuating Backwater Area measuring frequency section should at least consider：Fluctuating Backwater Area lower end (section corresponding to Design of Reservoirs minimum operation water level),
Fluctuating Backwater Area stage casing (section corresponding to the average operating water level of Design of Reservoirs), (Design of Reservoirs highest is transported for Fluctuating Backwater Area upper end
Section corresponding to water-filling position) three control sections.As when Fluctuating Backwater Area is longer or distribution of water temperature feature mutation situation occurs, then
Measuring frequency section should be set up according to observation need of work.
The backwater of reservoir end region vertical water temperature dynamic change space distribution rule observation refers in backwater of reservoir end
Area carries out the laying of vertical water temperature dynamic change space distribution rule measuring frequency section, reservoir according to the operation of its water level with variation characteristic
Setting MARC area measuring frequency section should at least consider：Setting MARC area lower end (section corresponding to Design of Reservoirs highest operating water level),
5~10km of Setting MARC area lower end upstream two control sections of reservoir area upper reach section.Such as Setting MARC area lower end upstream 5
When distribution of water temperature feature mutation situation occurs in~10km reservoir area upper reach, then it is disconnected observation should to be set up according to observation need of work
Face；Reservoir and upper pond tandem array are such as observed, then directly observes sluicing surface layer water temperature under upper pond.
The Time Distribution observation of the backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change refers to different according to observation reservoir
The hydrology, ecology, meteorological change procedure carry out the Annual distribution rule of different observation cycle backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic changes
Rule observation；Different hydrologic processes refer to wet season, par in reservoir high flow year, normal flow year, low flow year, and a water year
Phase, the fluctuation in stage operation in dry season (if necessary it is contemplated that freezeup period) and change procedure；Different ecological process refers to reservoir master
Aquatic ecological is wanted to protect Objective periodic process (such as fish gonad development and Maturation and spawning)；Different meteorological processes refer to difference
Four seasons change alternation procedure in water year.
Time Distribution observation refers to root in the different Hydrology Periods of the backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change
The Time Distribution that backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change is carried out with changing rule according to the lifting operation of reservoir level is seen
Survey.The change of reservoir level lifting process mainly has two stages, i.e. water level boost phase and water level decreasing stage.China's reservoir water
Position boost phase is generally June~October, and June~July is generally wherein before flood, is August~October after flood, reservoir highstand
It is generally present in August~October；The water level decreasing stage is generally November~June next year, and wherein reservoir lowstand period typically occurs
In April~June.It is general it is contemplated that in reservoir level boost phase (before flood, each after flood and during peak level once), reservoir water
The position decline stage () carries out backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change when water level decreasing process, lowest water level respectively once respectively
Time Distribution is observed in different Hydrology Periods.
Time Distribution observation refers to root in the different ecological cycle of the backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change
The time of backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change is carried out according to the main aquatic ecological protection Objective periodic process rule of reservoir
The regularity of distribution is observed.The main aquatic ecological protection Objective periodic process of reservoir and water temperature are in close relations, and by taking fish as an example, it is given birth to
It is closely related to grow duration in season length, breeding fish group composition situation and water temperature of reservoir changing rule, is divided by breeding season,
Fish have two types-spring and summer Type of Spawning, autumn and winter Type of Spawning.Spring and summer in the Type of Spawning fish main egg-laying season is 3
The moon (or April) to July (or August), the relatively low area spawning in latitude zone is more early, and north temperate zone is then later.Autumn and winter Type of Spawning has
Two kinds of cold water fishes, temperate water fishes, cold water fishes originate from high latitude band mostly, some spawning (such as hemps in the fall
Breathe out fish, Coregonus ussuriensis etc.), some spawning (such as lawvers and perch) in the winter time；Temperate water fishes also has some to produce in the fall
Ovum (such as sweetfish, mandarin sturgeon).The general beginning extremely knot that can contemplate in the main aquatic ecological protection target breeding season of reservoir
(by taking fish as an example, typically continue 1~2 month, the peak period that most of individuals carry out reproduction is generally concentrated at 15~20 during beam
My god) carry out Time Distribution observation in the different ecological cycle of backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change.
Time Distribution observation refers to root in the different meteorological cycles of the backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change
The Annual distribution that backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change is carried out according to four seasons alternating situation of change in reservoir difference water year is advised
Rule observation.Water temperature of reservoir change is close with Relationship between temperature, and temperature cyclically-varying is mainly relevant with four seasons alternating, but due to water
Thermal capacity is big, and the amplitude of variation of water temperature of reservoir is not so good as temperature, and has hysteresis, i.e., temperature raise, water temperature also can with rise,
Temperature reduces, and water temperature can also decline therewith, but water temperature rise, the speed of decline significantly lag behind temperature.It is general to can contemplate
The difference that the seasonal alternately changing rule of temperature in different water years carries out backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change is meteorological
Time Distribution is observed in cycle.
The backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change observation vertical line, vertical line measuring point are laid and refer to hang down in backwater of reservoir area
Respectively drafted to water temperature dynamic change and vertical line laying and the specific measuring point laying of each observation vertical line are observed on measuring frequency section.
The backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change measuring frequency section vertical line lay refer to according to measuring frequency section width and
Operating accuracy requirement is observed, backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change observation vertical line is laid on each measuring frequency section.In principle
The depth of each backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change measuring frequency section, which is expanded, must set an observation vertical line on line (or stream central line),
As measuring frequency section width is more than 200 meters, should be required to increase the number that corresponding measuring frequency section observes vertical line according to observation operating accuracy.
Increased observation vertical line uniformly, is continuously laid centered on preferably expanding line (or stream central line) deeply from measuring frequency section to both sides, and with control
Measuring frequency section flow of water change turning point is advisable with section border.
Backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change observation vertical line measuring point lay refer to according to measuring frequency section depth and
The distribution of water body vertical water temperature is actual, and specific water temperature measuring point is laid on backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change observation vertical line.
Measuring point is laid in the top layer in observation vertical line depth of water direction, warm change layer, stratosphere etc. respectively in principle, and according to adjacent measuring point
Between temperature difference situation set up measuring point.Measuring point in top layer is typically laid in below the water surface 0.5 meter；Measuring point in warm change layer is general
1 is laid at interval of 2.0 meters along vertical line depth of water direction, if the temperature difference is more than 0.3 DEG C between two adjacent measuring points, increases in section and surveys
Point；Measuring point in stratosphere typically lays 1 along vertical line depth of water direction at interval of 5.0 meters, if the temperature difference surpasses between two adjacent measuring points
0.2 DEG C is crossed, then increases measuring point in section.
The backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change observation uses manual mode of operation, and water temperature observation instrument is placed in
On the tested point for specifying water temperature observation vertical line, sufficient dwell time, typically at least 15 seconds, treat that instrument readings are stable and record automatically
Vertical measuring point water temperature is with after bathymetric data, next measuring point is moved to by probe, until the observation of whole piece vertical line is completed, recovery probe, and
Live backup observation instrument related data.Water temperature observation instrument typically uses the instrument that can record the parameters such as the depth of water, water temperature automatically,
The resolution ratio of cooling-water temperature sensor be 0.01 DEG C and more than, precision be ± 0.15 DEG C and more than, measuring range -5~100 DEG C, the depth of water
Sensor accuracy be 0.3 meter and more than, 0~500 meter of working depth scope；For cooling-water temperature sensor without calibration, water depth sensor can
Field calibration is given according to testing position locality atmospheric pressure.
A kind of backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change observation system, including the long-term backwater zone of reservoir, reservoir change back
Pool and backwater of reservoir end region, reservoir long-term backwater zone, cbanging backwater reach and the backwater of reservoir end region are set respectively
Some vertical water temperature dynamic change space distribution rule measuring frequency sections are equipped with, water temperature observation is provided with each measuring frequency section
Instrument.
The water temperature observation instrument uses the multi-parameter water quality monitors of YSI 6600.
The present invention program is described in further detail below in conjunction with Longtan hydropower station's embodiment as follows：
(1) working background situation is observed：
Hongsuihe River Longtan hydropower station is the landmark project of national Implementation of Western Development and " transferring electricity from the west to the east " strategy, is red
The major project and backbone reservoir of water river hydroelectric development, the main development task of engineering have the comprehensive effect such as flood control, shipping concurrently to generate electricity
Benefit.Longtan Dam is Compacted Concrete Gravity Dam Section, maximum height of dam 192m, dam crest long 746.49m, reservoir operation scheme 375m,
The corresponding m3 of storage capacity 162.1 hundred million, level of dead water 330m, the corresponding m3 of storage capacity 50.6 hundred million, reservoir have year regulating power.
The water temperature structure change rule systematic observation research of Hongsuihe River Long Tan Reservoir regions is domestic first for super-huge
The long serial, basic scientific research of macro-scale system synchronization prototype measurement that Reservoir region water temperature structure change rule is carried out, is obtained
The high evaluation of Environmental Protection Department, Ministry of Water Resources was obtained, to promoting technical progress of industry significant.
At present, achievement in research has been placed in the experiment of Environmental Protection Department national environmental protection environmental impact assessment numerical simulation emphasis
Chamber base data platform, it is China's water temperature of reservoir structure discrimination scale-model investigation, water temperature prediction empirical equation linguistic term, reservoir water
Warm mathematical modeling and its software for calculation developmental research etc. provide important scientific basis.
(2) water temperature of reservoir vertical characteristics entirety prediction case：
It can be seen from the overall prediction achievement of vertical water temperature distribution before Longtan hydropower station's reservoir dam：Annual December to 2 months, reservoir
Vertical water body is distributed close to equality of temperature, and storehouse table, the bottom storehouse water body water temperature temperature difference are smaller；Annual March to June, the vertical water body of reservoir occur
One thermocline, substantially in reservoir surface to underwater 40m, below water surface 40m is stagnant temperature layer；Annual July is vertical to September, reservoir
Two thermoclines occur in water body, and it is general to underwater 10m, second thermocline that first thermocline is generally present in reservoir surface
For 60m to underwater 90m, below water surface 90m is stagnant temperature layer under water for appearance；Annual October to November, the vertical water body of reservoir occur one
Individual thermocline, substantially in reservoir surface to underwater 70m, below water surface 70m is stagnant temperature layer.
Dam of Longtan Hydroelectric Project crest elevation 382m, dam counter-dam bottom elevation 210m, the preceding profundal zone observation water in dam as deep as 165m,
With reference to the overall prediction achievement of vertical water temperature distribution before dam, under normal pool level 375m running situations, reservoir surface to underwater 90m
Scope (i.e. elevation 285m~375m scopes) be essentially the warm change layer that vertical water temperature changes greatly, underwater 90m to bottom storehouse section
Water body (i.e. elevation 210m~285m scopes) is essentially vertical water temperature and changes less stratosphere.
(3) observation instrument and execute-in-place situation：
Using the multi-parameter water quality monitors of YSI 6600, the instrument can record the depth of water, the water temperature of the vertical water body of reservoir automatically
Etc. parameter, the resolution ratio of its cooling-water temperature sensor is 0.01 DEG C, and precision is ± 0.15 DEG C, working range -5~50 DEG C, depth of water sensing
The precision of device is 0.3m, 0~200m of working depth scope.Cooling-water temperature sensor is without calibration, and water depth sensor is according to testing position
Local atmospheric pressure gives field calibration.
Longtan hydropower station's backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change observation is operated using manual type, will
YSI6600 multi-parameter water quality monitors probe is placed on the tested point for specifying observation vertical line, sufficient dwell time (about 20 seconds), is treated
Instrument readings are stable and record vertical measuring point water temperature automatically with after bathymetric data, probe is moved into next measuring point, until whole piece hangs down
Line observation is completed, and recovery probe, monitor main frame is connected with portable computer, each vertical line water temperature observed result scene is given
With backup.
Predeterminated position is maintained to ensure that each water temperature observes vertical line position, Observation personnel, the safety of instrument are ensured, in YSI
For the iron hammer of binding setting 10kg weights to make counterweight, observation vessel takes mechanical power type in 6600 multi-parameter water quality monitors, if peace
Crew is determined observation using Nikon 1200S laser rangefinder telescopes (10~1100m of measuring range, accuracy in measurement ± 0.5m)
Vertical line position situation of change, observation vessel operating personnel are prompted to adjust observation vertical line position by security official when position skew is more than 10m.
Synchronous recording observation moment, position and corresponding temperature during observation.
(4) the space distribution rule observation of Long Tan backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change：
During imperial beach design flood level 377.26m, (dam~Nanpanjiang River mainstream storehouse tail eight crosses the long 230km of backwater of reservoir
Beachhead), put down class's Dam only 10km apart from upstream；During imperial beach Design of Reservoirs level of dead water 330m, the long 194km of backwater of reservoir
(dam~ground beachhead of Nanpanjiang River mainstream storehouse tail hundred), class Dam 46km is put down apart from upstream.Thus, imperial beach reservoir mainstream
Long-term backwater section length is 194km (dam corresponds to the reservoir area section of section to imperial beach Design of Reservoirs level of dead water 330m), is changed back
Pool length is that (imperial beach Design of Reservoirs level of dead water 330m corresponds to the storehouse that section corresponds to section to design flood level 377.26m to 36km
Area section), Setting MARC section length is that (imperial beach design flood level 377.26m corresponds to section to upstream and puts down class's water power 10km
Stand the section section of dam).
Long Tan Reservoir regions without mainstream bifurcated, cut out gulf libraries section, local breaks (collapse on the bank section, alluvial section etc.), relate to
Water buildingses (bridge ferryman journey, port engineering, take water transfer structures engineering etc.), but the tributary that reservoir area imports is more, wherein mainly
(the tributary average annual flow imported belongs to for the average annual flow of section at the remittance of mainstream can not ignore in tributary
, i.e., branch afflux flow proportional account for flow proportional at the remittance of mainstream at least should be 1/20th and the above, or branch flows into
The average annual flow of remittance section is in river flow standard 15m3/ s and the above) from top to bottom there is Bei Panjiang successively (on dam
Swim 130km), cover river (dam upstream 33.0km), Cao Duhe (dam upstream 27.0km), cloth Liuhe (dam upstream 1.2km),
It is distributed in the long-term backwater zone libraries section of imperial beach reservoir.
As shown in figure 1, according to imperial beach backwater of reservoir section length (more than 100km), long-term backwater zone, Fluctuating Backwater Area, return
Water end region characteristic area distribution situation, reservoir area distribution of water temperature feature mutation situation, and observation operating accuracy and measuring frequency section
Representative requirement reality is laid, the space distribution rule measuring frequency section of the backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change of setting amounts to
26, and 26 measuring frequency sections are laid between the peaceful class Dam 26 of Dam of Longtan Hydroelectric Project 27, concrete operation method
It is as follows：
1. setting the long-term backwater zone vertical water temperature dynamic change space distribution rule measuring frequency section of reservoir, long-term backwater zone is total to
21 measuring frequency sections are set, it is specific as follows：
1 is 600m measuring frequency sections before Longtan hydropower station dam, for and cloth Liuhe converge mouth downstream 600m mainstreams measuring frequency section, often
Year backwater zone lower end, observation scope lower boundary；
2 be cloth Liuhe remittance mouth upstream 1km tributaries measuring frequency section, and charge for remittance tender feeling condition is flowed into for observing branch；
3 be cloth Liuhe remittance mouth upstream 1km mainstreams measuring frequency section；
4 be Dam of Longtan Hydroelectric Project upstream 14km mainstreams measuring frequency section；
5 be Cao Duhe remittance mouth downstream 1km mainstreams measuring frequency sections；
6 be Cao Duhe remittance mouth upstream 1km tributaries measuring frequency sections, and charge for remittance tender feeling condition is flowed into for observing branch；
7 be that 1km mainstreams measuring frequency section is swum in Cao Duhe remittance mouths upstream；
8 be illiteracy river Hui Kou downstreams 1km mainstreams measuring frequency section；
9 is cover river Hui Kou upstreams 1km tributaries measuring frequency section, and charge for remittance tender feeling condition is flowed into for observing branch；
10 swim 1km mainstreams measuring frequency section to cover river Hui Kou upstreams；
11 be Dam of Longtan Hydroelectric Project upstream 50km mainstreams measuring frequency section；
12 be Dam of Longtan Hydroelectric Project upstream 70km mainstreams measuring frequency section；
13 be Dam of Longtan Hydroelectric Project upstream 90km mainstreams measuring frequency section；
14 be Dam of Longtan Hydroelectric Project upstream 110km mainstreams measuring frequency section；
15 be northern Pan Jiang remittance mouth downstream 1km mainstreams measuring frequency sections；
16 be northern Pan Jiang remittance mouth upstream 1km tributaries measuring frequency sections, and charge for remittance tender feeling condition is flowed into for observing branch；
17 be that 1km mainstreams measuring frequency section is swum in northern Pan Jiang remittance mouths upstream；
18 be Dam of Longtan Hydroelectric Project upstream 150km mainstreams measuring frequency section；
19 be Dam of Longtan Hydroelectric Project upstream 170km mainstreams measuring frequency section；
20 be Dam of Longtan Hydroelectric Project upstream 189km mainstreams measuring frequency section, is handed over for long-term backwater zone and Fluctuating Backwater Area
Boundary's scope；
21 be Dam of Longtan Hydroelectric Project upstream 194km mainstreams measuring frequency section, positioned at long-term backwater zone upper end, Fluctuating Backwater Area
Lower end.
2. setting cbanging backwater reach vertical water temperature dynamic change space distribution rule measuring frequency section, Fluctuating Backwater Area is common
5 measuring frequency sections are set, wherein, long-term backwater zone, fluctuation backwater area overlapping 1), it is specific as follows：
21 be Dam of Longtan Hydroelectric Project upstream 194km mainstreams measuring frequency section, positioned at long-term backwater zone upper end, Fluctuating Backwater Area
Lower end；
22 be Dam of Longtan Hydroelectric Project upstream 199km mainstreams measuring frequency section, is handed over for long-term backwater zone and Fluctuating Backwater Area
Boundary's scope；
23 be Dam of Longtan Hydroelectric Project upstream 212km mainstreams measuring frequency section, is Fluctuating Backwater Area stage casing；
24 be Dam of Longtan Hydroelectric Project upstream 225km mainstreams measuring frequency section, is handed over positioned at Fluctuating Backwater Area and Setting MARC area
Boundary's scope；
25 be Dam of Longtan Hydroelectric Project upstream 230km mainstreams measuring frequency section, positioned at Fluctuating Backwater Area upper end, Setting MARC area
Lower end.
3. setting backwater of reservoir end region vertical water temperature dynamic change space distribution rule measuring frequency section, Setting MARC area is total to
2 measuring frequency sections are set, wherein, Fluctuating Backwater Area, Setting MARC area overlapping 1 are specific as follows：
25 be Dam of Longtan Hydroelectric Project upstream 230km mainstreams measuring frequency section, positioned at Fluctuating Backwater Area upper end, Setting MARC area
Lower end；
26 be Dam of Longtan Hydroelectric Project upstream 240km mainstreams measuring frequency section, for directly observing under flat class's reservoir the body that sluices
Surface temperature, Setting MARC area upper end, observation scope coboundary.
(5) the Time Distribution observation of Long Tan backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change：
Hongsuihe River runoff is formed by precipitation, and runoff characteristic is consistent with Rainfall Characteristics, and the general wet season is in May~October, water
Amount accounts for more than the 79% of annual amount, and the period when a river is at its normal level only accounts for the 21% of annual amount with dry season in November~April next year, water.Red water
River flood is formed by heavy rain, the more heavy rains of May~September, especially using June~August very, to account for more than the 70% of year volume of storm, its
Middle torrential rain mostly occurred in July.It can be seen from imperial beach Reservoir Operation Conditions, Long Tan Reservoir regions SEA LEVEL VARIATION typically has two ranks
Section：Reservoir level boost phase (be i.e. June~October, be June~July before flood, be July~October after flood, highstand appears in 10
Month), the Drawdown of Reservoir Water Level stage (i.e. November~June next year, at the beginning of lowstand period appearance at the end of May~6 month).
It is the egg-laying season that fish annual March~September is mainly protected in Long Tan Reservoir regions section, wherein：Met roller April~September,
Lip dace March~May；Pelteobagrus fulvidraco May~June, Pelteobagrus vachelli April~May, leiocassis crassilabris August~September, spot Guttatus April~July, greatly
Barbinae species May in fin Of-digestive-tract May~June, onychostoma simus, vacricorhinus gerlachi etc.~July.
According to the imperial beach reservoir difference hydrology, ecology, meteorological change procedure, phase of water year (normal flow year) seven is carried out
The vertical water temperature dynamic change regularity of distribution observation work of backwater of reservoir area, concrete condition are as follows.
1st phase (7~12 November in 2011)：In the imperial beach reservoir high water level runtime, without spawning during observation
Main protection fish, the observation phase is on the occasion of the time of the year when autumn changes into winter (the Beginning of Winter on November 8th, 2011)；
2nd phase (8~11 January in 2012)：In the imperial beach reservoir water level descending runtime, without spawning during observation
Main protection fish, the observation phase is on the occasion of winter (Slight Cold on January 6th, 2012)；
3rd phase (20~22 March in 2012)：In the imperial beach reservoir water level descending runtime, laid eggs during observation
Main protection fish are lip dace, and the observation phase is on the occasion of spring (Spring Equinox on March 20th, 2012)；
4th phase (10~12 May in 2012)：In the imperial beach reservoir low water level operation phase, the master laid eggs during observation
Protecting fish, the observation phase is on the occasion of summer (the Beginning of summer on May 5th, 2012) for Met roller, Pelteobagrus vachelli, spot Guttatus；
5th phase (4~6 July in 2012)：The runtime is raised before imperial beach reservoir level flood, is laid eggs during observation
Main protection fish for Met roller, lip dace, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, Pelteobagrus vachelli, Ban Guttatus, big fin Of-digestive-tract, onychostoma simus, vacricorhinus gerlachi etc.
Barbinae species, the observation phase is on the occasion of summer (Slight Heat on July 7th, 2012)；
6th phase (September 10~12 in 2012)：The runtime is raised after imperial beach reservoir level flood, is produced during observation
The main protection fish of ovum are Met roller, leiocassis crassilabris, and the observation phase is on the occasion of autumn (White Dew on the 7th of September in 2012)；
7th phase (1~3 December in 2012)：In the imperial beach reservoir water level descending runtime, without spawning during observation
Main protection fish, the observation phase is on the occasion of winter (heavy snow on December 7th, 2012).
(6) imperial beach reservoir backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change measuring frequency section vertical line is laid：
Except Dam of Longtan Hydroelectric Project upstream 240km mainstreams measuring frequency section (Setting MARC area upper end, observation scope coboundary)
Directly observe under flat class's reservoir outside sluicing surface layer water temperature, remaining each measuring frequency section is expanded in the depth of corresponding section and is provided with line
One observation vertical line.In addition, Nanpanjiang River, northern Pan Jiang converge mouth and following reservoir mainstream measuring frequency section (to be numbered i.e. in figure be 1,3,
4th, 5,7,8,10,11,12,13,14,15,17 measuring frequency section) also centered on deep great line, uniformly, continuously laid to both sides each
1 observation vertical line (the total 3 observation vertical line of each measuring frequency section, vertical line spacing is 200m).
Thus, Long Tan backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change observation vertical line is total 51, wherein tributary observation vertical line 4
Bar, mainstream observation vertical line 47.
(7) Long Tan backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change observation vertical line measuring point is laid：
51 water temperatures observation vertical line measuring point that the vertical water temperature dynamic change observation of Long Tan backwater of reservoir area is laid is laid specific
For：
Storehouse table water body measuring point is laid：Lay 1 measuring point, i.e., 0.5m below the water surface.
Warm change layer water body measuring point is laid：1 measuring point is laid at interval of 2.0m along water temperature observation vertical line depth of water direction, if two-phase
The temperature difference increases measuring point according to actual conditions more than 0.3 DEG C in section between adjacent measuring point.
Stratospheric water body measuring point is laid：1 measuring point is laid at interval of 5.0m along water temperature observation vertical line depth of water direction, if two-phase
The temperature difference increases measuring point according to actual conditions more than 0.2 DEG C in section between adjacent measuring point.
Claims (8)
- A kind of 1. backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change observation procedure, it is characterised in that：This method is according to reservoir level It is actual from water temperature variation characteristic, the distribution of different water temperature observation cycles, observation operating accuracy, observation operational representation, with reference to reservoir The vertical water temperature dynamic rule situation of each characteristic area in backwater zone, to the space of backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change Regularity of distribution observation, Time Distribution observation, and backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change observation vertical line, vertical line measuring point Lay；The space distribution rule observation of the backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change refers to each according to observation backwater of reservoir area Characteristic area is actual to carry out the observation of vertical water temperature dynamic change space distribution rule, and specific space distribution rule measuring frequency section is laid It is actual according to three characteristic area distributions of reservoir and change, while take into account water temperature of reservoir distribution characteristics catastrophe, observation work Precision, measuring frequency section lay representative requirement, and the long-term backwater zone of reservoir, Fluctuating Backwater Area, Setting MARC area vertical water temperature are moved The observation work of state change space distribution rule is considered；The backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change Time Distribution observation refer to according to observation the reservoir difference hydrology, The Time Distribution that ecological, meteorological change procedure carries out different observation cycle backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic changes is seen Survey；The backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change observation vertical line, vertical line measuring point are laid and referred in the vertical water in backwater of reservoir area Warm dynamic change, which is respectively drafted, is observed vertical line laying and the specific measuring point laying of each observation vertical line on measuring frequency section.
- A kind of 2. backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change observation procedure according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Institute State the vertical water temperature dynamic change observation of backwater of reservoir area and use manual mode of operation, water temperature observation instrument is placed in into specified water temperature sees Survey on the tested point of vertical line, stop at least 15 seconds, treat that instrument readings are stable and record vertical measuring point water temperature and bathymetric data automatically Afterwards, probe is moved into next measuring point, until the observation of whole piece vertical line is completed, recovery probe, and live backup observation instrument dependency number According to.
- A kind of 3. backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change observation procedure according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Institute The long-term backwater zone vertical water temperature dynamic change space distribution rule observation of reservoir is stated to refer in the long-term backwater zone of reservoir according to its water Position operation carries out the laying of vertical water temperature dynamic change space distribution rule measuring frequency section, the long-term backwater zone of reservoir with variation characteristic Measuring frequency section at least considers long-term backwater zone lower end and the control section of long-term backwater zone upper end two.
- A kind of 4. backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change observation procedure according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Institute The observation of cbanging backwater reach vertical water temperature dynamic change space distribution rule is stated to refer in cbanging backwater reach according to its water Position operation carries out the laying of vertical water temperature dynamic change space distribution rule measuring frequency section, cbanging backwater reach with variation characteristic Measuring frequency section at least considers Fluctuating Backwater Area lower end, Fluctuating Backwater Area stage casing and the control section of Fluctuating Backwater Area upper end three.
- A kind of 5. backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change observation procedure according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Institute The vertical water temperature dynamic change space distribution rule observation of backwater of reservoir end region is stated to refer in backwater of reservoir end region according to its water Position operation carries out the laying of vertical water temperature dynamic change space distribution rule measuring frequency section, backwater of reservoir end region with variation characteristic Measuring frequency section at least considers 5~10km of Setting MARC area lower end and Setting MARC area lower end upstream reservoir area upper reach section two Individual control section.
- A kind of 6. backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change observation procedure according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Institute Time Distribution observation in the different Hydrology Periods of backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change is stated to refer to according to reservoir level Lifting operation the Time Distribution of backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change carried out with changing rule observe；Backwater of reservoir Time Distribution observation refers to be protected according to the main aquatic ecological of reservoir in the different ecological cycle of area's vertical water temperature dynamic change Eye protection mark sexual cycle process rule carries out the Time Distribution observation of backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change；Backwater of reservoir Time Distribution observation refers to according to four in reservoir difference water year in the different meteorological cycles of area's vertical water temperature dynamic change The Time Distribution observation of season alternating situation of change progress backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change.
- A kind of 7. backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change observation procedure according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Institute State backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change measuring frequency section vertical line and lay and refer to according to measuring frequency section width and observation work essence Degree is required, backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change observation vertical line is laid on each measuring frequency section.
- A kind of 8. backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change observation procedure according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Institute State backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change observation vertical line measuring point and lay and refer to according to measuring frequency section depth and the vertical water of water body Temperature distribution is actual, and specific water temperature measuring point is laid on backwater of reservoir area vertical water temperature dynamic change observation vertical line.
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