CN102986567B - Actual measurement method of ecological regulation and control range of artificial fish reef area - Google Patents
Actual measurement method of ecological regulation and control range of artificial fish reef area Download PDFInfo
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- CN102986567B CN102986567B CN201210528467.4A CN201210528467A CN102986567B CN 102986567 B CN102986567 B CN 102986567B CN 201210528467 A CN201210528467 A CN 201210528467A CN 102986567 B CN102986567 B CN 102986567B
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Abstract
The invention provides an actual measurement method of an ecological regulation and control range of an artificial fish reef area. The actual measurement method is used for representing flow field regulation and control and material conveying ranges of the artificial fish reef area in a marine ranching by using the water temperature difference phenomenon at a seasonal thermocline layer, namely a surface and bottom layer, existing in offshore sea areas of the subtropics from last spring to early autumn and through synchronously observing the vertical difference value of water temperature through a plurality of temperature chains. According to the actual measurement method, more than 9 stations carry out synchronous observation, wherein the synchronous observation time at every turn is more than 12.5h, observation is carried out during the grand tide, the moderate tide and the neap tide once respectively, and the regulation and control range of the artificial fish reef area is completely estimated. Approximately considered by the actual measurement method, the core putting area of the whole artificial fish reef cluster is a regulation and control range core area; stations are uniformly deployed in a marine area range regulated and controlled by the artificial fish reef area, the stations in which the temperature difference of the surface bottom layer is remarkably reduced is in a fish reef cluster regulation and control range, all stations in which the temperature different is remarkably reduced under the same tide condition are wired, and the area of closed region at the most peripheral wiring area is the artificial fish reel area regulation and control range under the tide condition.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to ocean engineering measuring and calculating technical field, relate in particular to the measurement method of a kind of artificial fish shelter district ecology regulation and control scope.
Background technology
Artificial fish shelter is to throw in ocean, for improving the manual construction thing of marine ecosystem environment, propagation fishery resources, can be divided into sinking type artificial fish shelter and floating type artificial fish shelter.Enter 21 century, China coast various places are all in the artificial fish shelter project of building different scales, take sinking type as main.Artificial fish shelter is thrown in behind seabed, is subject to the effect of trend, can produce upwelling in fluoran stream surface side, in lee side side, produces back of the body eddy current.Upwelling can be transported to the nutritive salt of ocean bottom in euphotic layer continuously, thereby improves the primary productivity in marine site, and then improves the multiplication capacity of reef district to economic fish.In the depth of water and the sizeable situation of reefs, upwelling, when carrying bottom nutritive salt, is also delivered to water layer more than thermocline by bottom cold water.
The motion of seawater is generally turbulent flow, and fish shelter throws in marine site and affected by the factors such as the depth of water, wave, and flow velocity and flow to changeablely will be measured flow field and even the ecology regulation and control scale difficulty of artificial fish shelter by current meter very large; There is the problems such as model ratio and fluid media (medium) difference in tank or wind tunnel experiment; In ocean, throw in tracer indication flow also have that cost is high, actual measurement difficulty and potential problem of environmental pollution.This method is utilized the table bottom water temperature difference phenomenon in marine site, Liao Jiao district dexterously, characterizes the ecology regulation and control scope in large-scale artificial fish shelter district to show bottom water temperature difference as index.
Summary of the invention
The technical issues that need to address of the present invention are that the method for existing measuring and calculating artificial fish shelter district ecology regulation and control scale can not meet the problem of measuring and calculating needs, and a kind of measurement method of calculating artificial fish shelter district ecology regulation and control scope is provided.
The present invention comprises the following steps for the technical scheme that its technical problem of solution adopts:
A kind of measurement method of calculating artificial fish shelter district ecology regulation and control scope:
A, utilize marine acoustics shooting instrument, determine artificial fish shelter group's existence and the position of nucleus thereof, provide the accurate latitude and longitude coordinates on core space border; Marine acoustics shooting instrument is DIDSON;
B, in artificial fish shelter district may coverage, carry out the CTD vertical profile actual measurement of multi-site, with the distribution of water temperature rule of this section, determine vertical layout number and the water depth of thermometer;
C, vertically at thermocline, arrange that up and down thermometer observes, the poor minimizing degree of the table near-bottom temperature destruction of thermocline being caused by observation artificial fish shelter group judges the flow field regulation scale in reef district;
D, in artificial fish shelter district may coverage, in plane, be evenly arranged website and observe, website number is more, the result of actual measurement is more accurate, website number should be more than 9 points.
On e, time span, carry out 3 observations during large, medium and small tide, the flow field modification scope in measuring and calculating reef district changed with the cycle of morning and evening tides size, thereby reef group modification scope is made to measuring and calculating more accurately;
F, will morning and evening tides observe the data of website comprehensively analyze in the close time period of size, the outermost website that is subject to the regulation and control of artificial fish shelter district is selected and line after reference area, can get Jiao district in spring tide or middle tide or the ecology regulation and control scope between neap season;
In addition, in c step, in the vertical multi-court position Synchronization of Continuous time sequence that is observed of carried out water temperature, observe, the time interval of thermometer measure record data need be controlled in 5 minutes, and the Continuous Observation time is more than 12.5 hours.Whether in trend, be subject to the contrast of the upstream and downstream Synchronization of Continuous time sequence observed temperature data that reef group affects, can become downstream website is the irrefutable evidence of reef group modification scope.
The present invention proposes the following marine site that is applicable to of measuring method: 1) because current China founds a capital reef group core space scope generally at 1km
2in, therefore, this method is applicable to reversing current marine site, is applicable to too rotating flow marine site; 2) at the beginning of by the end of May to 9 month, the seasonal thermocline duration is all suitable for, and Tropical Ocean Area is suitable for all the year round, at the beginning of at the end of May to 7 of nearshore waters of depth of water 10m left and right month, be suitable for, after July water temperature generally rise after application more difficult; 3) applicable depth of water scope, with the relating to parameters such as reefs structure and height, size, upwelling can gush that to rise to thermocline water depth marine site all applicable, therefore, the less tidal height of applicability between spring season; 4) seabed is smooth, marine site, depth of water difference little Jiao district applicable, requires underwater gradient enough little, and the maximum in reef group control region and minimum depth difference are within 10%.
In sum, the long-time sequence observation technology of application of synchronized of the present invention is set up the observation technology of artificial fish shelter district ecology regulation and control scope, can effectively overcome the variety of issue existing in existing observation technology, the such as engineer's scale of tank model and similitude etc., and can guarantee the precision of observation, use the inventive method can realize the ecology influence scope in Measurement accuracy artificial fish shelter district, certainty of measurement increases with the increase of observation website and observation frequency.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is simple and easy temperature chain schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is commercialization temperature chain schematic diagram;
Embodiment
For technological means, creation characteristic that the present invention is realized, reach object and effect is easy to understand, below in conjunction with diagram and specific embodiment, further set forth the present invention.
A measurement method of calculating artificial fish shelter district ecology regulation and control scope, step is as follows:
A, utilize marine acoustics shooting instrument, as DIDSON, determine artificial fish shelter group's existence and the position of nucleus thereof, provide the accurate latitude and longitude coordinates on core space border;
Artificial fish shelter is the artificial structure in marine setting; its objective is and improve marine ecosystem environment; build the marine organisms good environment of perching, for fish etc. provide breeding, growth, forage and shelter enemy's place, reach the object of protection, propagation and raising catch.
DIDSON marine acoustics shooting instrument, is a kind of fine definition sonar with the underwater sound " camera lens ", can generate the image that is almost equal to striograph tablet quality.Working depth is not from 100m ~ 3000m etc.Adopt this instrument can measure exactly artificial fish shelter group's actual placement position, and combined high precision differential GPS provide corresponding latitude and longitude coordinates.
B, in artificial fish shelter district may coverage, carry out the CTD vertical profile actual measurement of multi-site, with the distribution of water temperature rule of this section, determine vertical layout number and the water depth of thermometer;
CTD is a kind of for surveying the detection instrument of ocean temperature, salinity, depth information.CTD measured data, for understanding the vertical distribution of temperature of this region seawater, provides reference to instrument layout below.
C, vertically at thermocline, arrange that up and down thermometer observes, the poor minimizing degree of the table near-bottom temperature destruction of thermocline being caused by observation artificial fish shelter group judges the flow field regulation scale in reef district;
Thermocline be positioned at that sea is following, thin water layer that temperature and density have significant change, be that the water layer that vertical water temperature sharply declines appears in the warm water layer on upper strata and the cold water interlayer of lower floor.
D, in artificial fish shelter district may coverage, in plane, be evenly arranged website and observe, website number is more, the result of actual measurement is more accurate, website number should be more than 9 points.
On e, time span, carry out 3 observations during large, medium and small tide, the flow field modification scope in measuring and calculating reef district changed with the cycle of morning and evening tides size, thereby reef group modification scope is made to measuring and calculating more accurately;
F, will morning and evening tides observe the data of website comprehensively analyze in the close time period of size, the outermost website that is subject to the regulation and control of artificial fish shelter district is selected and line after reference area, can get Jiao district in spring tide or middle tide or the ecology regulation and control scope between neap season;
In addition, in c step, in the vertical multi-court position Synchronization of Continuous time sequence that is observed of carried out water temperature, observe, the time interval of thermometer measure record data need be controlled in 5 minutes, and the Continuous Observation time is more than 12.5 hours.Whether in trend, be subject to the contrast of the upstream and downstream Synchronization of Continuous time sequence observed temperature data that reef group affects, can become downstream website is the irrefutable evidence of reef group modification scope.
The following marine site that is applicable to of measuring method is proposed: 1) because current China founds a capital reef group core space scope generally at 1km
2in, therefore, this method is applicable to reversing current marine site, is applicable to too rotating flow marine site; 2) at the beginning of by the end of May to 9 month, the seasonal thermocline duration is all suitable for, and Tropical Ocean Area is suitable for all the year round, at the beginning of at the end of May to 7 of nearshore waters of depth of water 10m left and right month, be suitable for, after July water temperature generally rise after application more difficult; 3) applicable depth of water scope, with the relating to parameters such as reefs structure and height, size, upwelling can gush that to rise to thermocline water depth marine site all applicable, therefore, the less tidal height of applicability between spring season; 4) seabed is smooth, marine site, depth of water difference little Jiao district applicable, requires underwater gradient enough little, and the maximum in reef group control region and minimum depth difference are within 10%.
In the present embodiment, concrete observation process is as follows:
1. measure reef group core space scope;
2. prepare temperature chain (Fig. 1, Fig. 2);
3. website is laid in planning;
4. the parameters such as sampling interval are set, the simple and easy temperature chain observation of actual input;
5. read and analyze observation data;
6. embodiment measured result shows: in upstream table at the bottom of the temperature difference be obviously greater than downstream, the flow field modification scope that the Ci Jiao district ebb tide stage is described is at least outside reef area edge more than 500m.Transfer to after flood tide, the table bottom temperature difference that is positioned at upstream is larger, and at the bottom of the table in downstream, the temperature difference is minimum, and the flow field modification scope that shows the reef district flood tide stage is at least outside reef area edge more than 300m.
Simple and easy temperature chain structure is, comprise main float 1 and main sinker 2, main float 1 is connected by rope 3 with main sinker 2, on rope 3, be provided with several thermometers 4, on the rope of main float below, be provided with the little sinker 5 for regulating sea distance, on the rope of main sinker top, be provided with the little float 6 for adjusting seabed distance, little sinker 5 and little float 6 are pressed thermometer location arrangements.Described thermometer should be the thermometer of pressure-resistant corrosion-resistant.
Adopt commercial temperature chain observation; Commercial temperature chain structure is, comprises float s1 and sinker s2, and float s1 is connected by rope s3 with sinker s2, is provided with several thermometers s4 on rope s3, a data logger s5 of each thermometer s4 connection, and data logger s5 is arranged on rope top.Described thermometer should be the thermometer of pressure-resistant corrosion-resistant, take the temperature sensor of pressure-resistant corrosion-resistant waterproof as good.
The long-time sequence observation technology of application of synchronized of the present invention is set up the observation technology of artificial fish shelter district ecology regulation and control scope, can effectively overcome the variety of issue existing in existing observation technology, the such as engineer's scale of tank model and similitude etc., and can guarantee the precision of observation, use the inventive method can realize the ecology influence scope in Measurement accuracy artificial fish shelter district, certainty of measurement increases with the increase of observation website and observation frequency.
More than show and described basic principle of the present invention, principal character and advantage of the present invention.The technical staff of the industry should understand; the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments; that in above-described embodiment and specification, describes just illustrates principle of the present invention; the present invention also has various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and these changes and improvements all fall in the claimed scope of the invention.The claimed scope of the present invention is defined by appending claims and equivalent thereof.
Claims (5)
1. a measurement method for artificial fish shelter district ecology regulation and control scope, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
A, utilize marine acoustics shooting instrument, determine artificial fish shelter group's existence and the position of nucleus thereof, provide the accurate latitude and longitude coordinates on core space border; Marine acoustics shooting instrument is DIDSON;
B, in artificial fish shelter district may coverage, carry out the CTD vertical profile actual measurement of multi-site, with the distribution of water temperature rule of this section, determine vertical layout number and the water depth of thermometer;
C, vertically at thermocline, arrange that up and down thermometer observes, the poor minimizing degree of the table near-bottom temperature destruction of thermocline being caused by observation artificial fish shelter group judges the flow field regulation scale in reef district;
D, in artificial fish shelter district may coverage, in plane, be evenly arranged website and observe, website number is more, the result of actual measurement is more accurate, website number should be more than 9 points;
On e, time span, carry out 3 observations during large, medium and small tide, the flow field modification scope in measuring and calculating reef district changed with the cycle of morning and evening tides size, thereby reef group modification scope is made to measuring and calculating more accurately;
F, will morning and evening tides observe the data of website comprehensively analyze in the close time period of size, the outermost website that is subject to the regulation and control of artificial fish shelter district is selected and line after reference area, can get Jiao district in spring tide or middle tide or the ecology regulation and control scope between neap season.
2. the measurement method of artificial fish shelter according to claim 1 district ecology regulation and control scope, it is characterized in that, in c step, in the vertical multi-court position Synchronization of Continuous time sequence that is observed of carried out water temperature, observe, the time interval of thermometer measure record data need be controlled in 5 minutes, and the Continuous Observation time is more than 12.5 hours.
3. the measurement method of a kind of artificial fish shelter according to claim 1 district ecology regulation and control scope, it is characterized in that, described artificial fish shelter group is the permutation and combination of a plurality of unit labor cost fish shelters, and described unit labor cost fish shelter is the permutation and combination of a plurality of artificial fish shelter monomers.
4. the measurement method of a kind of artificial fish shelter according to claim 1 district ecology regulation and control scope, is characterized in that, adopts simple and easy temperature chain observation in c step; Simple and easy temperature chain structure is, comprise main float and main sinker, main float is connected by rope with main sinker, on rope, be provided with several thermometers, on the rope of main float below, be provided with the little sinker for regulating next-door neighbour's thermometer and sea distance, on the rope of main sinker top, be provided with the little float for adjusting next-door neighbour's thermometer and seabed distance, little sinker and little float are pressed thermometer location arrangements.
5. the measurement method of a kind of artificial fish shelter according to claim 1 district ecology regulation and control scope, is characterized in that, adopts commercial temperature chain observation in c step; Commercial temperature chain structure is, comprises float and sinker, and float is connected by rope with sinker, is provided with several thermometers on rope, a data logger of each thermometer connection, and data logger is arranged on rope top.
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| CN103162869B (en) * | 2013-02-05 | 2014-12-10 | 中国长江三峡集团公司 | Measuring method of deepwater reservoir vertical direction water temperature distribution |
| CN103907553B (en) * | 2014-03-07 | 2015-10-28 | 獐子岛集团股份有限公司 | The accurate put-on method of open property marine site artificial fish shelter |
| CN104026050B (en) * | 2014-06-04 | 2016-06-29 | 獐子岛集团股份有限公司 | Arranging platform raft in different water shellfish culture method |
| CN104221968B (en) * | 2014-09-24 | 2016-02-24 | 浙江海洋学院 | A kind of fish reef structure being suitable for neritic area octopus cultivation |
| CN112179525A (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2021-01-05 | 华能澜沧江水电股份有限公司 | Observation system for numerical simulation input and verification of water temperature of large river reservoir |
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