CN112179525A - Observation system for numerical simulation input and verification of water temperature of large river reservoir - Google Patents
Observation system for numerical simulation input and verification of water temperature of large river reservoir Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K13/00—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01K13/02—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring temperature of moving fluids or granular materials capable of flow
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/002—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow wherein the flow is in an open channel
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
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- G01K1/00—Details of thermometers not specially adapted for particular types of thermometer
- G01K1/14—Supports; Fastening devices; Arrangements for mounting thermometers in particular locations
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- G01W—METEOROLOGY
- G01W1/00—Meteorology
- G01W1/02—Instruments for indicating weather conditions by measuring two or more variables, e.g. humidity, pressure, temperature, cloud cover or wind speed
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- G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
- G08C17/00—Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link
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Abstract
The invention discloses an observation system for numerical simulation input and verification data of water temperature of a reservoir serving large rivers, wherein three measuring chains are respectively arranged in front of, in the midstream and at the upstream of a dam of the reservoir, the flow and the water temperature measured at the upstream are used as input data of the inflow process of the reservoir, the measuring chains in the midstream and in the front of the dam can measure water temperature data at different vertical depths, the top end of the upper part of each measuring chain can be provided with a meteorological station and wireless data real-time transmission equipment, the meteorological station monitors the temperature, precipitation, humidity, wind speed and illumination in real time and is used as meteorological driving data of a model, and the wireless data real-time transmission equipment is connected with a remote computer to transmit the measured data in real time. The invention is mainly used for real-time observation and transmission of water temperature, weather and flow data, can provide data support for a water temperature numerical model, and can better research the internal thermal structure of the river reservoir by combining simulation results and actual measurement data.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to river reservoir water temperature monitoring, in particular to an observation system for numerical simulation input and verification data of water temperature of a large river reservoir.
Background
The construction of the reservoir can affect the environment, for example, the local climate, soil, vegetation and the like can change to a certain extent after the reservoir is built to store water. In research on influence of reservoir construction on the surrounding environment, water temperature is an important research object. Compared with natural rivers, the construction and water storage of the reservoir can greatly influence the heat distribution of the reservoir area, for example, the layering phenomenon of water temperature enables the water temperatures of different positions of the reservoir area to be different.
In recent years, a plurality of researches utilize a water temperature numerical model to reflect the distribution condition of the heat in the reservoir area, compared with field measurement, the numerical simulation is relatively simple and convenient to execute, the cost is lower, and the method has a very important significance for researching the heat distribution in the reservoir. However, many researches have the problems that due to the lack of complete and reliable measured data, the model calibration parameters are not reasonable enough, the simulation result is not accurate enough, and the conclusion reliability is not high enough.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide an observation system for numerical simulation input and verification data of water temperature of a large river reservoir, which is used for real-time observation and transmission of data of water temperature, weather and flow, provides data support for a water temperature numerical model, and can be combined with simulation results and measured data to better research the internal thermal structure of the river reservoir.
The technical scheme is as follows: an observation system for numerical simulation input and verification data of water temperature of a large river reservoir comprises a reservoir dam front measurement chain, wherein the reservoir dam front measurement chain is vertically arranged at the maximum water depth in front of a reservoir dam and is used for measuring real-time water temperatures corresponding to different depths in front of the reservoir dam;
the front measuring chain of the reservoir dam comprises an upper measuring section, a middle measuring section and a bottom measuring section from top to bottom, and the three measuring sections are connected in series end to end;
the upper layer measuring section comprises an upper floating ball, the upper floating ball floats on the water surface, and the lower end of the upper floating ball is connected with a plurality of water temperature instruments in series; the middle-layer measuring section also comprises a plurality of water temperature meters connected in series, wherein the water temperature meter at the uppermost end of the middle-layer measuring section is connected with the water temperature meter at the lowermost end of the upper-layer measuring section, the lower end of the water temperature meter at the lowermost end of the middle-layer measuring section is connected with a temperature depth meter, and the lower end of the temperature depth meter is connected with a suspended weight; the bottom layer measuring section comprises a lower floating ball, the lower floating ball is suspended on the bottom layer and is connected with the suspended weight, the lower end of the lower floating ball is connected with a water temperature instrument in series, and the lower end of the water temperature instrument is connected with the weight.
The measuring device further comprises a reservoir midstream measuring chain, wherein the reservoir midstream measuring chain is arranged at one half of the axial direction of the reservoir, has the same structure as the measuring chain in front of the dam of the reservoir, and is used for measuring the real-time water temperatures corresponding to different depths of the reservoir midstream.
Preferably, the heights of the upper layer measuring section, the middle layer measuring section and the bottom layer measuring section respectively account for 20%, 50% and 30% of the maximum water level at the positions. The number of the water temperature meters in the upper layer measuring section, the middle layer measuring section and the bottom layer measuring section is respectively as follows:
n1＝[0.2H]；n2＝[0.05H]；n3＝1；
wherein n1 is the number of water temperature meters of the upper measuring section, n2 is the number of water temperature meters of the middle measuring section, n3 is the number of water temperature meters of the bottom measuring section, H is the maximum water depth at the point of the reservoir, and [ ] is an integer symbol; coefficients 0.2 and 0.05.
The water temperature meters at the upper measuring section are distributed more densely than the water temperature meters at the middle measuring section. Preferably, the water temperature meters of the upper measuring section are arranged at intervals of one meter, and the water temperature meters of the middle measuring section are arranged at intervals of ten meters. Preferably, a meteorological station is arranged at the top end of the upper-layer measuring section and used for measuring air temperature, precipitation, humidity, wind speed and illumination and serving as meteorological driving data of the water temperature numerical model. And a wireless data real-time transmission facility is arranged at the top end of the upper-layer measuring section and is used for transmitting observation data in real time.
The system further comprises a reservoir upstream measuring chain, wherein the reservoir upstream measuring chain is arranged at an endpoint of a reservoir upstream water return area and is used for measuring the inflow water temperature and the inflow flow rate of the reservoir upstream to serve as inflow input data of a water temperature model; the reservoir upstream measuring chain comprises a floating ball, a temperature and speed meter and a weight which are sequentially connected in series; the floating ball floats on the water surface, the lower end of the floating ball is connected with a temperature and speed instrument, and the lower end of the temperature and speed instrument is connected with a heavy object. Preferably, a meteorological station is arranged at the top end of the reservoir upstream measuring chain and used for measuring air temperature, precipitation, humidity, wind speed and illumination and serving as meteorological driving data of the water temperature numerical model. And a wireless data real-time transmission facility is arranged at the top end of the upstream measurement chain of the reservoir and is used for transmitting the observation data in real time.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable effects: the real-time observation and transmission of water temperature, weather and flow data can be realized, data support is provided for a water temperature numerical model, and meanwhile, the research on the internal thermal structure of the river reservoir can be better carried out by combining simulation results and actual measurement data. In the measurement system, the meteorological and flow data may be used for input data of a numerical model and setting of a boundary, and the water temperature data may be used for verifying a numerical simulation result. The measuring system comprises three measuring chains of a dam, a midstream and an upstream: the flow and the water temperature measured at the upstream can be used as input data in the inflow process of the reservoir, the measuring chains at the midstream and in front of the dam can measure the water temperature data at different vertical depths, and the on-way change of the water temperature data can be obtained by comparing the measured data of the three measuring chains and is used for verifying the water temperature numerical simulation of the reservoir area; the top end of the upper part of each measuring chain is provided with a weather station and wireless data real-time transmission equipment, the weather station monitors the temperature, the precipitation, the humidity, the wind speed and the illumination in real time and is used as weather driving data of the model, and the wireless data real-time transmission equipment is connected with a remote computer to transmit the measured data in real time. The whole set of observation system can provide complete input and verification data for water temperature numerical simulation, can acquire vertical distribution of water temperatures at different positions of the reservoir, can capture variation conditions of the water temperatures along the way, and simultaneously provides accurate input data observation to provide effective support for optimizing simulation and analysis prediction of the water temperatures of the large river reservoir.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a pre-dam/midstream survey chain;
FIG. 2 is a schematic layout diagram of a reservoir dam front measuring chain, a midstream measuring chain and an upstream measuring chain;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the upstream measurement chain;
fig. 4 shows an application of the observation data.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is explained in detail in the following by combining the drawings and the embodiment of the specification.
Example 1
An observation system for numerical simulation input and verification data of water temperature of a large river reservoir comprises a reservoir dam front measurement chain, wherein the reservoir dam front measurement chain is vertically arranged at the maximum water depth in front of a reservoir dam and is used for measuring real-time water temperatures corresponding to different depths in front of the reservoir dam. The concrete structure of the measuring chain in front of the reservoir dam is shown in figure 1, and comprises an upper measuring section H1, a middle measuring section H2 and a bottom measuring section H3 from top to bottom, the three measuring sections are connected in series end to end, and the sum of the heights of the three sections is equal to the maximum water depth of the reservoir.
The upper measuring section comprises an upper floating ball which floats on the water surface, and the lower end of the upper floating ball is connected with a plurality of water temperature instruments in series; the middle-layer measuring section also comprises a plurality of water temperature meters connected in series, wherein the water temperature meter at the uppermost end of the middle-layer measuring section is connected with the water temperature meter at the lowermost end of the upper-layer measuring section, and the lower end of the water temperature meter at the lowermost end of the middle-layer measuring section is connected with a temperature depth meter; the lower end of the depth thermometer is connected with a suspended weight, and the depth thermometer is arranged close to the weight; the bottom layer measuring section comprises a lower floating ball which is suspended on the bottom layer and connected with the suspended weight, the lower end of the lower floating ball is connected with a water temperature instrument in series, the temperature of the lower layer part of the reservoir can be observed by only placing the water temperature instrument, the lower end of the water temperature instrument is connected with the weight, and the weight is sunk to the water bottom.
Furthermore, the part H1 accounts for the upper 20% of the maximum water depth of the reservoir, and is used as the part (H1) of the reservoir close to the surface, the water temperature fluctuation is severe, and the temperature gradient is large, so that a water temperature instrument is arranged every other meter, and the variable water temperature change of the part close to the surface can be conveniently and accurately observed. The H2 part accounts for 50% of the maximum water depth of the reservoir, and is used as the middle part (H2) of the reservoir, the surface temperature of the middle part does not change violently, but the middle part also has non-negligible water temperature fluctuation and temperature gradient, so a water temperature instrument is arranged every ten meters to observe the water temperature change of the middle part, in addition, a temperature depth instrument (capable of measuring temperature and depth) is arranged at the lowest part of the middle part, and the water temperature condition corresponding to each depth can be still measured when the water level of the reservoir changes. The part H3 accounts for the lower 30% of the maximum water depth of the reservoir, and for the part (H3) of the reservoir close to the bottom of the reservoir, the water temperature fluctuation is weak, the temperature is at a stable value almost all the year round, the temperature gradient is very small, so that only one water temperature instrument is placed in the part to observe the temperature of the lower part of the reservoir.
Example 2
An observation system for numerical simulation input and verification data of water temperature of a large river reservoir comprises a reservoir dam front measuring chain I, a reservoir midstream measuring chain II and a reservoir upstream measuring chain III, wherein the three measuring chains are respectively positioned at the maximum water depth of the reservoir near the front of the dam, one half of the reservoir along the longitudinal direction and the end point of a reservoir upstream water return area, and the position relation is shown in figure 2.
Research shows that for large reservoirs, the water temperature changes with the depth to generate the layering phenomenon. For the layering phenomenon that the water temperature of a large reservoir continuously changes along with the depth, a reservoir dam front measuring chain I and a reservoir midstream measuring chain II are mainly used for measuring the real-time water temperature corresponding to the vertical different depths at the position; the inflow water temperature and the inflow flow measured by the reservoir upstream measuring chain are used as inflow input data of a water temperature model; the length of the measuring chain is shortened in sequence, water temperature, weather and flow are measured in real time, and remote real-time transmission is carried out.
The reservoir dam front measuring chain (I) and the reservoir midstream measuring chain (II) have the same structure as that shown in figure 1, and a system of two floating balls and two weights is applied to adapt to the change of the reservoir water level; specifically, every measuring chain is including built-in 2 of waterproof data line floater, and the heavy object is 2, and a plurality of temperature indicator, weather station 1, wireless real-time data transmission equipment 1.
1 rope length that the built-in waterproof data line of putting is 120% of the maximum depth of water of this department of reservoir, runs through whole measuring chain, and 2 floater include last floater and lower floater, and the floater floats in the surface of water, and lower floater suspends in aqueous, and 2 weights include weight and lower weight, go up the weight and suspend in aqueous, and the lower weight sinks in the bottom.
Reservoir upstream measurement chain (c) including built-in 1 rope that has waterproof data line, 1 floater, 1 of warm speedometer, 1 heavy object, 1 meteorological station, 1 of wireless real-time data transmission device, these devices are linked to each other by the rope, as shown in fig. 3. The length of 1 rope (in the measuring chain (c)) with a built-in waterproof data line is the maximum water depth of the reservoir, and the whole measuring chain is penetrated.
The floating ball 1 floats on the water surface, the lower end of the floating ball is connected with a temperature and speed instrument, the lower end of the temperature and speed instrument is connected with a heavy object, and the heavy object is sunk at the water bottom.
Researches show that the upstream of the reservoir generally has no layering phenomenon of water temperature, the water mixing effect enables the water temperature of a single point to be enough to reflect the water temperature of a section, so that only one temperature instrument is arranged to measure the water temperature and the flow rate of the point, and the inflow flow of the reservoir is obtained by a method of multiplying the flow rate by the area of the section. 1 weather station (in measuring chain (c)) and 1 (in measuring chain (c)) of wireless real-time data transmission device are located the top of measuring chain, and weather station is used for temperature, precipitation, humidity, wind speed and irradiant measurement, and the inaccurate problem of weather drive data is solved as the weather drive data of temperature numerical model. The wireless data real-time transmission facility is used for the real-time transmission of observation data such as water temperature, weather, flow and the like.
Specifically, the number of the water temperature meters in the upper layer measuring section, the middle layer measuring section and the bottom layer measuring section is respectively as follows:
n1＝[0.2H]；n2＝[0.05H]；n3＝1
n1 is the number of water temperature meters of the upper measuring section, n2 is the number of water temperature meters of the middle measuring section, n3 is the number of water temperature meters of the bottom measuring section, H is the maximum water depth of the reservoir at the point, and [ ] is a rounding symbol.
Data collection and application: the observation system is connected in sequence according to the mode, the water temperature instrument, the temperature depth instrument, the temperature speed instrument and the meteorological station are connected with the wireless real-time data transmission device through waterproof data lines, the observation function is started, then the whole set of system device is put into the corresponding position of the reservoir, the wireless real-time data transmission device is connected with the remote computer, and complete water temperature, flow and meteorological data of the reservoir area of the reservoir can be collected remotely through the computer.
As shown in FIG. 4, when the reservoir water temperature numerical simulation is performed, the flow and water temperature measured at the upstream are used as inflow driving data of the model, and the meteorological data measured at the three meteorological stations are used as meteorological driving data of the model. The measuring chains in the midstream and in front of the dam can measure water temperatures at different vertical depths, and meanwhile, the on-way change of water temperature data can be obtained by comparing measured data of the three measuring chains, so that the verification of reservoir water temperature numerical simulation is realized. In addition, the research on the internal thermal structure of the large river reservoir can be better carried out by combining the measured data with the numerical simulation result.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an observation system who serves large-scale river reservoir temperature numerical simulation input and verification data which characterized in that: the device comprises a front reservoir dam measuring chain, wherein the front reservoir dam measuring chain is vertically arranged at the maximum water depth in front of a reservoir dam and is used for measuring real-time water temperatures corresponding to different depths in front of the reservoir dam;
the front measuring chain of the reservoir dam comprises an upper measuring section, a middle measuring section and a bottom measuring section from top to bottom, and the three measuring sections are connected in series end to end;
the upper layer measuring section comprises an upper floating ball, the upper floating ball floats on the water surface, and the lower end of the upper floating ball is connected with a plurality of water temperature instruments in series; the middle-layer measuring section also comprises a plurality of water temperature meters connected in series, wherein the water temperature meter at the uppermost end of the middle-layer measuring section is connected with the water temperature meter at the lowermost end of the upper-layer measuring section, the lower end of the water temperature meter at the lowermost end of the middle-layer measuring section is connected with a temperature depth meter, and the lower end of the temperature depth meter is connected with a suspended weight; the bottom layer measuring section comprises a lower floating ball, the lower floating ball is suspended on the bottom layer and is connected with the suspended weight, the lower end of the lower floating ball is connected with a water temperature instrument in series, and the lower end of the water temperature instrument is connected with the weight.
2. Observation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the measuring device further comprises a reservoir midstream measuring chain, wherein the reservoir midstream measuring chain is arranged at one half of the axial direction of the reservoir, has the same structure as the measuring chain in front of the reservoir dam and is used for measuring the real-time water temperatures corresponding to different depths of the reservoir midstream.
3. Observation system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the heights of the upper layer measuring section, the middle layer measuring section and the bottom layer measuring section respectively account for 20%, 50% and 30% of the maximum water level at the positions.
4. Observation system according to claim 3, characterized in that: the number of the water temperature meters in the upper layer measuring section, the middle layer measuring section and the bottom layer measuring section is respectively as follows:
n1＝[0.2H]；n2＝[0.05H]；n3＝1；
wherein n1 is the number of water temperature meters of the upper measuring section, n2 is the number of water temperature meters of the middle measuring section, n3 is the number of water temperature meters of the bottom measuring section, H is the maximum water depth at the point of the reservoir, and [ ] is an integer symbol; coefficients 0.2 and 0.05.
The water temperature meters at the upper measuring section are distributed more densely than the water temperature meters at the middle measuring section.
5. Observation system according to claim 4, characterized in that: the water temperature meters of the upper measuring section are arranged at intervals of one meter, and the water temperature meters of the middle measuring section are arranged at intervals of ten meters.
6. Observation system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: and a meteorological station is arranged at the top end of the upper-layer measuring section and used for measuring air temperature, precipitation, humidity, wind speed and illumination as meteorological driving data of a water temperature numerical model.
7. Observation system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: and a wireless data real-time transmission facility is arranged at the top end of the upper-layer measuring section and is used for transmitting observation data in real time.
8. Observation system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the system also comprises a reservoir upstream measuring chain, wherein the reservoir upstream measuring chain is arranged at an endpoint of a reservoir upstream water return area and is used for measuring the inflow water temperature and the inflow flow of the reservoir upstream to be used as inflow input data of a water temperature model;
the reservoir upstream measuring chain comprises a floating ball, a temperature and speed meter and a weight which are sequentially connected in series; the floating ball floats on the water surface, the lower end of the floating ball is connected with a temperature and speed instrument, and the lower end of the temperature and speed instrument is connected with a heavy object.
9. Observation system according to claim 8, characterized in that: and a meteorological station is arranged at the top end of the reservoir upstream measuring chain and used for measuring air temperature, precipitation, humidity, wind speed and illumination as meteorological driving data of a water temperature numerical model.
10. Observation system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: and a wireless data real-time transmission facility is arranged at the top end of the upstream measurement chain of the reservoir and is used for transmitting the observation data in real time.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113338386A (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2021-09-03 | 中国电建集团昆明勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Multi-element utilization development method for renewable reservoir low-temperature water |
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| 邓云: "大型深水库的水温预测研究", 《中国博士学位论文全文数据库（工程科技Ⅱ辑）》 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113338386A (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2021-09-03 | 中国电建集团昆明勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Multi-element utilization development method for renewable reservoir low-temperature water |
| CN113338386B (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2022-11-01 | 中国电建集团昆明勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Multi-element utilization development method for renewable reservoir low-temperature water |
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