CN110715749A - Three-dimensional water temperature intelligent monitoring device, system and method suitable for complex water area - Google Patents
Three-dimensional water temperature intelligent monitoring device, system and method suitable for complex water area Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a three-dimensional water temperature intelligent monitoring device, a system and a method suitable for a complex water area, wherein the system comprises a three-dimensional water temperature intelligent monitoring device and a distributed data analysis system; the three-dimensional water temperature intelligent monitoring device intelligently monitors the three-dimensional water temperature of the water body; distributed data analysis system includes the communication unit, the database, thermocline judges the unit, vertical monitoring control unit and three-dimensional temperature analog unit, the communication unit receives the monitoring digital information that a plurality of three-dimensional temperature intelligent monitoring devices sent and stores to the database in, thereby thermocline judges the unit and judges the thermocline position through calculating the vertical thermocline intensity of adjacent monitoring point, vertical monitoring control unit realizes the measurement of encrypting of thermocline interval, three-dimensional temperature analog unit analog measurement region is even the temperature distribution of whole waters. The invention can effectively realize the automatic monitoring of the water temperature of the complex water areas with different boundaries and use conditions and provide the long-sequence and continuous temperature field distribution condition of the monitored water areas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of three-dimensional water temperature monitoring, in particular to a three-dimensional water temperature intelligent monitoring device, system and method suitable for complex water areas.
Technical Field
The temperature is an important physical factor of the water body, and can directly influence other water quality parameters in the water body and the survival and development of the biological community. Taking a lake as an example, the water temperature rise can accelerate the growth and the propagation of phytoplankton, animals and the like, and the eutrophication problem is easy to occur; taking a reservoir dam as an example, after a high-head reservoir is built for water storage, the hydraulic and thermodynamic conditions of an original river channel can be changed, the temperature stratification phenomenon occurs, and the water inlet is generally low due to the power generation requirement, so that low-temperature water at the bottom layer can be drained in the water drainage process of a power station, the spawning of the fish in the river channel under the dam is delayed, and coastal crops are subjected to cold damage and other adverse effects. In conclusion, monitoring, researching and scientifically managing the temperature of the water body plays an important role in protecting the ecological environment and improving the water quality of the water body.
At present, the water temperature of water areas such as rivers, lakes and reservoirs is researched mainly through two types of on-site monitoring and mathematical models, and the mathematical models carry out simulation calculation, analysis and prediction on the water temperature of the water bodies through technologies such as numerical simulation and the like. However, the water temperature structure has four-dimensional complex change characteristics of longitudinal, transverse and vertical three-dimensional space and time dimension, the accuracy of a mathematical model is difficult to guarantee, and the solution of the temperature field of a large-scale complex water area is difficult. In addition, the mathematical model is based on the measured water temperature data to simulate and supplement, and the water temperature data which is accurate and informative is the basis and the premise for researching the water temperature model.
The existing students have explored on-site monitoring technology for water temperature and temperature stratification of water bodies, such as an automatic high dam reservoir water temperature stratification monitoring device (patent application No. 201510895969.4), which records the temperature of any water depth by using a distributed and movable water temperature sensor; as another example, a device and a method for monitoring vertical water temperature in front of a large deep reservoir dam in real time (patent application No. 201810348817.6), a temperature chain is installed on a floating island in a reservoir area, and real-time monitoring of vertical water temperature in front of the large deep reservoir dam is realized by changing distribution of water temperature probes on the temperature chain.
The analysis of the prior similar technology shows that the current means can only manually install and adjust the position of the temperature probe basically, so that the monitoring data is discontinuous, the intelligent monitoring can not be carried out on the complex water area with the temperature stratification condition, and the automation degree is low; meanwhile, the device can only monitor the vertical change condition of the water temperature. Therefore, a three-dimensional water temperature intelligent monitoring system and a three-dimensional water temperature intelligent monitoring method suitable for complex water areas need to be researched and developed, the vertical, transverse and longitudinal temperatures of the water body are accurately monitored, the time-space distribution rule of the water temperature is simulated, and scientific guidance is provided for water taking and water using of the water body.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to provide a three-dimensional water temperature intelligent monitoring device suitable for complex water areas with different boundary conditions and special utilization conditions.
The invention also aims to provide a three-dimensional water temperature intelligent monitoring system suitable for complex water areas with different boundary conditions and special utilization conditions.
The invention further aims to provide a three-dimensional water temperature intelligent monitoring method suitable for complex water areas with different boundary conditions and special utilization conditions.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention discloses a three-dimensional water temperature intelligent monitoring device suitable for complex water areas, which comprises: the control unit comprises a cylindrical floating body, an anchor chain, a sinking stone and a telescopic guide rail; the cylindrical floating body, the anchor chain and the sinking stone enable the control unit to be thrown at any point of a water area to be monitored; the telescopic guide rail can do circular motion along the outer surface of the cylindrical floating body; each floating platform comprises a guide rail groove arranged at the lower part and penetrating through the guide rail groove, a steel cable arranged at the bottom, a data acquisition device and a signal transmitting device; the data acquisition device transmits the acquired water temperature data to the signal transmitting device to be transmitted outwards; and one or more monitoring units corresponding to the one or more floating platforms one to one, each monitoring unit comprising a plurality of buoyancy driven thermometers; each buoyancy driven temperature detector comprises a water temperature detection unit and a gravity control unit; a water depth detector, a water temperature sensor, a flow velocity monitor and a communication cable are arranged in the water temperature detection unit; the buoyancy driven temperature detector is connected to the steel cable of the corresponding floating platform through the communication cable so as to transmit the monitored data to the data acquisition device of the corresponding floating platform; the gravity control unit adjusts the vertical position of the corresponding buoyancy driven temperature detector through water drainage or water inlet.
Furthermore, the control unit also comprises a chain locker, a first driving device, a power supply, a sliding support and a track; the lower surface of the cylindrical floating body is provided with a lifting lug which is connected with the anchor chain; the anchor chain is stored in the anchor chain cabin in advance; the sliding support and the track are horizontally arranged on the outer side of the cylindrical floating body and are used for driving the telescopic guide rail to perform circular motion along the outer surface of the cylindrical floating body under the action of the first driving device and the power supply.
Further, each flotation platform further comprises: the device comprises a foam buoy, a solar cell panel, a waterproof partition plate, a GPS positioning device, a steel cable cabin, a second driving device and a counterweight; the foam buoy is hollow, and the signal transmitting device, the solar cell panel, the waterproof partition plate, the data acquisition device, the GPS positioning device, the steel cable cabin and the second driving device are arranged in the hollow part from top to bottom; the solar cell panel is fixed on the surface of the foam buoy and provides electric energy for the signal transmitting device, the data acquisition device, the GPS positioning device and the second driving device; the data acquisition device converts the monitored data into digital signals and forwards the digital signals to the signal transmitting device; the counterweight is connected to the tail end of the steel cable; the guide rail groove is formed in the lower part of the foam buoy; the floating platform can move radially along the telescopic guide rail under the action of the second driving device, or drive the telescopic guide rail to move circumferentially along the tangential direction.
Furthermore, each buoyancy driven temperature detector also comprises a shell; a collision sensor and an alarm system are arranged on the upper side of the shell to prevent adjacent thermometers from colliding in the process of putting; a plurality of water inlets are formed in the periphery of the water temperature detection unit in each buoyancy driven temperature detector, water in a water area to be detected can freely enter the water temperature detection unit through the water inlets, and water depth, water temperature and flow rate data are measured through the water depth detector, the water temperature sensor and the flow rate monitor; the communication cable in the water temperature detection unit is wrapped in a phosphated coating steel wire rope by adopting an RS-485 serial bus; the gravity control unit in each buoyancy driven temperature detector comprises a water cabin, a water inlet valve, a water outlet valve, a valve driving device and a water inlet filtering system; the signal transmitting device in each floating platform adopts a ZigBee wireless communication network.
The invention discloses a three-dimensional water temperature intelligent monitoring system suitable for complex water areas, which comprises: the three-dimensional water temperature intelligent monitoring device and the distributed data analysis device suitable for the complex water area; the distributed data analysis apparatus includes: the system comprises a communication unit, a database, a thermocline judging unit, a vertical monitoring control unit and a three-dimensional water temperature simulation unit; the communication unit receives real-time water temperature and position data sent by the three-dimensional water temperature intelligent monitoring device and forwards the real-time water temperature and position data to the database; the database stores monitoring data files in a matrix format and receives data call of the thermocline judging unit, the vertical monitoring control unit and the three-dimensional water temperature simulation unit; the thermocline judging unit is used for calling water temperature distribution data in the same vertical direction, calculating thermocline strength of water bodies between adjacent buoyancy driven temperature detectors in each monitoring unit, judging the thermocline by adopting a vertical gradient method, and calculating a plurality of indicative characteristic quantities in the same vertical direction, including thermocline depth, thermocline strength and thermocline thickness; the vertical monitoring and controlling unit adjusts the plurality of indicative characteristic quantities in the same vertical direction calculated by the thermocline judging unit, and adjusts the gravity controlling unit to encrypt the temperature detectors in the thermocline depth range, so as to comprehensively control the overall distribution of the monitoring units; the three-dimensional water temperature simulation unit calls vertical, transverse and longitudinal water temperature data of the reservoir water body of the database at the same time, interpolation and extrapolation operations are carried out on the measured three-dimensional temperature field by using a Kriging interpolation method, and the temperature distribution of a measurement area and even the whole water area is simulated.
The invention discloses a three-dimensional water temperature intelligent monitoring method suitable for a complex water area, which comprises the following steps:
(S1) monitoring the preparation stage: (S1-1) complex water body identification: acquiring basic data such as actual size, boundary condition and real-time environment temperature of a target water area, and setting a temperature gradient threshold gradtthrAnd measuring the temperature difference threshold tthrAnd inputting the data to the distributed data analysis system; (S1-2) the control unit puts in: according to the actual size and boundary conditions of a target water area, putting a control unit in the three-dimensional water temperature intelligent monitoring device at any position of a central axis of a water inlet of a reservoir area, a bank slope edge or the sea, fixing a cylindrical floating body in the control unit at a specific position O by utilizing the gravity action of an anchor chain and a sinking stone, and extending a telescopic guide rail; (S1-3) monitoring point arrangement: installing the one or more floating platforms on the telescopic guide rail at equal intervals d according to the obtained conditions of real-time environment temperature, water body flow velocity and the like0Throwing a plurality of buoyancy driven thermometers of the monitoring unit, and adjusting the vertical positions of the buoyancy driven thermometers through the gravity control unit;
(S2) actual water temperature monitoring: (S2-1) initial water temperature monitoring: the temperature detectors are driven by each buoyancy to obtain water depth and water temperature data of corresponding positions, and the data are transmitted to corresponding floating platforms through communication cables; each floating platform merges and sends each data to the distributed data analysis system through a wireless signal transmitting device; a communication unit of the data analysis system receives the signals related to the matrix, constructs water temperature space distribution data of a reservoir area and stores the water temperature space distribution data into the database; (S2-2) thermocline positioning: a thermocline judging unit in the distributed data analysis system acquires water temperature distribution data in the same vertical direction in the database, calculates the temperature gradient of water bodies between adjacent buoyancy driven thermometers, compares the temperature gradient with a set temperature gradient threshold value, judges the thermocline by adopting a vertical gradient method, transmits the judgment result to the vertical monitoring control unit, and further calls a gravity control unit to comprehensively control the vertical position of each buoyancy driven thermometer so as to realize accurate positioning of the thermocline; (S2-3) three-dimensional water temperature monitoring: the telescopic guide rail drives all the floating platforms and the monitoring unit 0 to do circular motion around the point O where the cylindrical floating body is located in the control unit, the water body temperature of the water area where the floating platforms are located is measured at intervals of a certain angle and stored in the database;
(S3) space temperature field construction: (S3-1) construction of a temperature field of the monitoring area: the three-dimensional water temperature simulation unit in the distributed data analysis system calls vertical, transverse and longitudinal water temperature data of water in a reservoir in the database, interpolation and extrapolation operations are carried out on the measured three-dimensional temperature field by using a Kriging interpolation method, and the temperature field in the monitored area is simulated and reconstructed; (S3-2) constructing a complex water temperature field: and moving the position of the three-dimensional water temperature intelligent monitoring device, monitoring the actual water temperature along the upstream of the target water area or around the bank slope, storing the acquired water temperature and position information in the database, and repeating the step (S3-1) to obtain the integral temperature field of the target water area.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the method can realize automatic judgment of the vertical thermocline of the water body and encryption of the water temperature detection points, and provides a long-sequence continuous temperature field distribution condition for monitoring the water area under the condition of not interfering normal operation of hydraulic buildings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional water temperature monitoring system suitable for a complex water area according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view of the three-dimensional intelligent water temperature monitoring device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a main structure of a control unit in the three-dimensional intelligent water temperature monitoring device according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a top view of a monitoring track of the three-dimensional water temperature intelligent monitoring device;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a main structure of a floating platform in the three-dimensional intelligent water temperature monitoring device according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a buoyancy-driven temperature detector in the three-dimensional intelligent water temperature monitoring device according to the present invention;
fig. 7 is a vertical water temperature distribution diagram of a reservoir area in 4 months collected by the three-dimensional water temperature intelligent monitoring system and method applicable to complex water areas.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings by way of examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the examples.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the three-dimensional water temperature intelligent monitoring system suitable for a complex water area of the present embodiment includes a three-dimensional water temperature intelligent monitoring device and a distributed data analysis system 2. The three-dimensional water temperature intelligent monitoring device is arranged in front of a water inlet of a reservoir and used for collecting real-time water temperature data in a research area, and comprises a control unit 11, one or more floating platforms 12 and one or more monitoring units 13 in one-to-one correspondence with the one or more floating platforms 12. The distributed data analysis device 2 includes a communication unit 21, a database 22, a thermocline determination unit 23, a vertical monitoring control unit 24, and a three-dimensional water temperature simulation unit 25.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a main structure of a control unit 11 in a three-dimensional water temperature intelligent monitoring device, where the control unit 11 includes a floating body 1101, an anchor chain 1102, an anchor chain cabin 1103, a sinking stone 1104, a telescopic guide rail 1105, a first driving device 1106 and a power supply 1107, where the floating body 1101 is a cylindrical solid foam buoy with a radius of 100cm and a height of 150cm, and is fixed in a vertical direction of a water inlet 3 in a reservoir area, and a set of corrosion-resistant sliding supports 1108 and a rail 1109 are horizontally arranged on the outer side of the floating body for connecting and driving the telescopic guide rail 1105 to make 360 ° circular motion along the horizontal direction, and the power supply 1107 provides electric energy for the. The telescopic range of the telescopic guide rail 1105 is 5-50m, and the length can be changed along the radial direction according to different water bodies. The lower surface of the floating body 1101 is provided with a shackle connecting anchor chain 1102, the control unit 11 is anchored in a fixed position by the anchor chain 1102 and a 10t sinker 1104, and the anchor chain 1102 can be stored in the anchor chain capsule 1103 at an initial time.
Fig. 5 shows a floating platform 12 in a three-dimensional intelligent water temperature monitoring device, and a foam buoy 1201 is arranged outside the floating platform 12. The buoy 1201 is hollow inside, a guide rail groove is formed in the lower portion of the buoy, a signal emitting device 1202, a solar cell panel 1203, a waterproof partition 1204, a data acquisition device 1205, a GPS positioning device 1206, a steel cable cabin 1207 and a driving device 1208 are arranged from top to bottom, and a steel cable 1209 is arranged at the bottom of the floating platform. The end of the wire rope 1209 is attached to a counterweight 1210. The solar panel 1203 is fixed on the surface of the buoy 1201, and provides electric energy for the signal emitting device 1202, the data acquisition device 1205, the GPS positioning device 1206 and the driving device 1208. The data acquisition device 1205 converts the monitoring data into a digital signal and forwards the digital signal to the signal transmitting device 1202. The signal transmitting device 1202 adopts a ZigBee wireless communication network to transmit data to the data analysis system 2, so as to form a distributed data acquisition system. The floating platform 12 can move radially along the guide rails under the action of the driving device 1208, or can move the guide rails circumferentially along the tangential direction, and the moving path is shown in fig. 4.
As shown in FIG. 6, each monitoring unit 13 includes a plurality of buoyancy driven thermometers 130. Each temperature detector 130 includes a housing 131, a water temperature monitoring unit 132, and a gravity control unit 133. The upper side of the housing 131 is provided with a collision sensor 1311 and an alarm system 1312 to prevent collision of adjacent thermometers 130 during the dispensing process. The water temperature monitoring unit 132 is provided with a plurality of water inlets, and two sets of water depth detectors 1321, water temperature sensors 1322, a set of flow rate monitors 1323 and a set of communication cables 1324 are respectively arranged inside the water temperature monitoring unit 132. Wherein the water depth detector 1321 adopts a TX1420 type water depth detector, the water depth measurement precision is 0.01m, the water temperature sensor 1322 adopts a resistance type temperature detector (RTDs), the temperature measurement precision is 0.005 ℃, the flow velocity monitor 1323 adopts a WHS-300kHz type acoustic Doppler current meter, and the flow velocity measurement precision is 0.001m2And/s, controlling the measuring time of each monitoring point to be 5 min. The water body in the water area to be detected can freely enter the detection unit 132 through the water inlet, the water depth, the water temperature and the flow rate data are measured through the water depth detector 1321, the water temperature sensor 1322 and the flow rate monitor 1323, and the data of each monitoring unit are transmitted to the data acquisition unit through the communication cable 1323A collection device 1205. The gravity control unit 133 includes a water tank 1331, a water inlet valve 1332, a water outlet valve 1333, a valve driving device 1334 and a water inlet filtering system 1335. The water inlet valve 1332 and the water outlet valve 1333 are single valves and are symmetrically arranged at the lower part of the water tank 1331, the driving device 1334 provides power for the water inlet valve 1332, when the device is submerged and water is injected into the water tank 1331, the water inlet valve 1332 is opened, water enters the water tank 1331, the gravity of the water tank is increased, and the temperature measurer 130 is driven by buoyancy to submerge. After the detection is finished, the water outlet valve 1333 is opened to discharge water outwards, so that the gravity of the water tank is reduced, and the buoyancy drives the temperature detector 130 to float. The water inlet filtering system 1335 consists of three sets of nylon filtering nets with different meshes, and can prevent the water inlet and the water outlet from being blocked by silt, waterweeds and other dirt in water.
The following describes a three-dimensional water temperature monitoring method based on the three-dimensional water temperature monitoring system and applicable to complex water areas. The method comprises the following specific steps:
(S1) monitoring the preparation stage:
(S1-1) complex water body identification: selecting water in an upstream reservoir area of a certain reservoir as a research object, and according to utilization data of the certain reservoir, obtaining a normal water storage level elevation ZIs just745m dead water level ZDeath by deathThe water body is in an ideal water temperature layered state as 600m, namely the water temperature distribution from the water surface to the water bottom is as follows: mixing a layer, a thermocline and a temperature stagnation layer, wherein the monitoring range is a water body in front of a water inlet, acquiring basic data such as water depth, boundary conditions and environmental temperature of a target water area, and artificially setting a temperature gradient threshold value gradtthrAnd measuring the temperature difference threshold tthrAnd inputting the data to a thermocline judging unit in the distributed data analysis system. Wherein, Gradt in summerthrNot more than 0.2 ℃/m, tthrNot higher than 2 deg.C, in winter gradtthrNot more than 0.1 ℃/m, tthrNot more than 1 ℃.
(S1-2) the control unit puts in: according to the actual size and boundary conditions of a certain reservoir, a control unit in the three-dimensional water temperature intelligent monitoring device is placed at the central axis of a water inlet of a target water area, any position on the bank slope side or in the sea is opened, an anchor chain cabin is opened to release an anchor chain, the control unit can be fixed at a certain specific position O under the action of the gravity of the anchor chain and a sinking stone, a folding guide rail is extended, the specific position O where the control unit is located is the extreme point, and the guide rail points to the extreme axis.
(S1-3) monitoring point arrangement: installing a plurality of floating platforms on the guide rail, opening the steel cable cabin, and putting a plurality of buoyancy driving temperature detectors of the monitoring unit at equal intervals according to the conditions of real-time environmental temperature, water body utilization condition and the like of a target water area, wherein the vertical position of the buoyancy driving temperature detectors is adjusted by discharging water through the gravity control unit.
(S2) actual water temperature monitoring:
(S2-1) initial water temperature monitoring: the buoyancy driven temperature measurer obtains water depth and water temperature data of corresponding positions, the water depth and water temperature data are transmitted to the floating platforms through communication cables, and each floating platform combines the data and coordinate information through a wireless signal transmitting device to form a matrix
Is sent to the communication unit in the distributed data analysis system and builds up the distribution data of the water temperature space in the reservoir area and stores the data in the database 22. Wherein,and
respectively the resultant vector of the distance and polar angle of the point at which each floating platform 12 is located to a particular location O,
and
the vertical distance from each temperature detector 130 in the monitoring unit 13 corresponding to each floating platform 12 to the water surface (i.e. the water depth of each temperature detector 130) and the resultant vector of the water temperature are shown.
The method specifically comprises the following steps: a polar coordinate system rho-O-theta in the horizontal plane direction is established by taking the specific position O where the floating body 1101 in the control unit 11 is located as a pole and the initial orientation of the guide rail as a polar axis, and at the same time T, for any polar coordinate (rho,theta) of the specific floating platform 12, detects water temperature data t corresponding to the point where each buoyancy-driven temperature detector 130 in the monitoring unit 13 is locatediAnd water depth data hiWhere ρ and θ are the distance and polar angle, respectively, from the point of the corresponding floating platform 12 to the specific location O, and n is the number of buoyancy driven thermometers 130 provided for each monitoring unit 13.
(S2-2) thermocline positioning: the thermocline judging unit 23 in the distributed data analysis system 2 calls the water temperature distribution data in the same vertical direction in the database, calculates the temperature gradient of the water body between the adjacent monitoring units 13, compares the temperature gradient with a set temperature gradient threshold value, judges the thermocline by adopting a vertical gradient method, transmits the data to the vertical monitoring control unit, and then the vertical position of the monitoring unit is comprehensively controlled by the gravity control unit, so that the accurate positioning of the thermocline is realized. Fig. 7 shows the vertical water temperature distribution in the month 4 of a certain reservoir monitored by a group of floating platforms 12.
The method specifically comprises the following substeps:
(S2-2-1) calculating the thermocline intensity of the temperature field between the point where the ith buoyancy driven temperature detector is located and the point where the ith-1 buoyancy driven temperature detector is located
Wherein i is 2,3, …, n; for the 1 st measuring point, i.e. the measuring point close to the water surface, the vertical coordinate h1 is generally given as 0.5 m;
(S2-2-2) comparing the thermocline intensity gradt of the temperature field between the point where the ith buoyancy-driven temperature detector 130 is located and the point where the ith-1 buoyancy-driven temperature detector (130) is locatediWith temperature gradient threshold gradtthrWhen the size of (1), i ═ 2,3, …, n, when gradti>gradtthrWhen, the interval h is an element (h)i-1，hi) Is determined as a thermocline, where hi-1And hiThe vertical distances from the point of the ith-1 and the ith buoyancy driven temperature detector to the water surface are respectively; the section-by-section comparison is carried out to judge the section where the thermocline is positioned, and the section is marked as (h)j，hk)，hjAnd hkThe vertical distances from the bottom and the top of the thermocline to the water surface respectively arehkAs the depth of jump layer, let hk-hjAs the thickness of the thermocline, and the whole vertical temperature gradient in the interval of the thermocline
As spring layer strength;
(S2-2-3) the vertical monitoring control unit 24 retrieves thermocline data and current water depth data of each buoyancy driven temperature detector 130 in the monitoring unit 13, and calculates allowable measured water depth of each temperature detector in the thermocline range
m is the mth temperature detector in the thermocline range; comparison hm' with the current water depth hmIf the values are equal, the original monitoring distance is kept, and if h ', the original monitoring distance is kept'm<hmIf the detection result is more accurate, the corresponding gravity control unit 133 is activated to drive the temperature detector 130 to submerge by the corresponding buoyancy;
(S2-2-4) repeating the steps (S2-2-2) and (S2-2-3) to obtain more accurate thermocline range and realize automatic close distribution of temperature measuring points in the thermocline range.
(S2-3) three-dimensional water temperature monitoring: the folding guide rail drives the floating platform and the monitoring unit to do circular motion around a point O where the monitoring device (1) is located, the water body temperature of the water area where the floating platform and the monitoring unit are located is measured at intervals of 45 degrees, and data are stored in a space database. The measuring time of each monitoring point is controlled to be 5min, and the measuring time of the device rotating for one circle is controlled to be 1 h.
(3) Constructing a space temperature field:
(3-1) constructing a temperature field of a monitoring area: a three-dimensional water temperature simulation unit in the distributed data analysis system calls vertical, transverse and longitudinal water temperature data of water in a reservoir in a database, interpolation and extrapolation operations are carried out on a measured three-dimensional temperature field by using a Kriging interpolation method, and the temperature field in a monitoring area is simulated and reconstructed.
The method specifically comprises the following substeps:
(S3-1-1) adding a vertical coordinate axis z from the water surface to the water bottom on the basis of the polar coordinates established in the step (S2-1), thereby establishing a three-dimensional coordinate system;
(S3-1-2) retrieving water temperature data measured in the ρ -O-z plane in the database 22And position information of the buoyancy-driven temperature detector 130
Where N is the number of one or more floating platforms 12 towed by the telescoping rail 1105, N is the number of buoyancy driven thermometers 130 in the monitoring unit corresponding to each floating platform 12, tijAnd xijRespectively representing the water temperature data and the position data of the jth buoyancy driven temperature detector 130 in the monitoring unit 13 corresponding to the ith floating platform;
(S3-1-3) solving the undetermined weight coefficient lambda aiming at the unbiased condition of KrigingiThe system of equations of (1):
wherein eta is the total number of the buoyancy-driven thermometers 130 in the rho-O-z plane, mu is the Lagrangian constant, C (x)i,xj) For measuring any two points x in the areai,xjWater temperature t (x)i) And t (x)j) 1,2, …, N, j 1,2, …, N, and having:
C(xi,xj)＝E[t(xi)t(xj)]-E[t(xi)]E[t(xj)]
(S3-1-4) solving-based undetermined weight coefficient lambdaiCalculating the point to be inserted (rho) in the rho-O-z plane0，h0) Interpolation result of water temperature
And the calculated vertical water temperature interpolation result t is used0(ρ0，h0) Store to the database 22 to update the database 22;
(S3-1-5) calling the updated database 22Water temperature data in the p-O-theta plane of
Wherein Ω is the number of times of measurement of the retractable guide 1105 at predetermined angular intervals during the circular motion;
water temperature vector data representing the synthesis of the water temperature data measured by each buoyancy driven temperature detector 130 in the monitoring unit 13 corresponding to the u-th floating platform in the process of circular motion;
(S3-1-6) repeating the steps (S3-1-3) - (S3-1-5) to obtain any point (rho-O-theta) in the plane0,θ0) Water temperature interpolation result t0(ρ0，θ0) And the database 22 is updated, and the three-dimensional temperature field is constructed.
(S3-2) constructing a complex water temperature field: and (3) moving the position of the three-dimensional water temperature intelligent monitoring device, monitoring the actual water temperature along the upstream of the reservoir area or around the bank slope, storing the collected water temperature and position information in a database, repeating the step (S3-1) and constructing the whole temperature field of the target water area.
On the basis of the steps (S1) - (S3), the normal use of the hydraulic structure is not influenced by different application conditions of the complex water area, particularly the condition that the flow speed is high before the water inlet of the high dam and large reservoir. In order to achieve the purpose, when three or more buoyancy driven temperature detectors 130 in the same vertical monitoring unit 13 detect that the flow rate of water flow exceeds 5m/s, the water outlet valves of all the buoyancy driven temperature detectors 130 are opened, the water outlet valves are waited to rise to the initial state, then all the floating platforms 12 are controlled to move towards the control unit 11 along the telescopic guide rails 1105 and retract the telescopic guide rails 1105, so that the three-dimensional water temperature intelligent monitoring device 1 is attached to the control unit 11 and anchored at a specific position O, and further the influence on the water flow of a water inlet is reduced; and (5) when the reservoir gate is closed again, putting the monitoring device again according to the steps (S1-2) to (S1-3).
As noted above, while the present invention has been shown and described with reference to certain preferred embodiments, it is not to be construed as limited thereto. Various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a three-dimensional temperature intelligent monitoring device (1) suitable for complicated waters, its characterized in that includes: a control unit (11) comprising a cylindrical float (1101), an anchor chain (1102), a heavy stone (1104) and a telescopic rail (1105); the cylindrical floating body (1101), the anchor chain (1102) and the sinking stone (1104) enable the control unit (11) to be thrown at any point in the water area to be monitored; the telescopic guide rail (1105) is capable of circular motion along the outer surface of the cylindrical floating body (1101);
one or more floating platforms (12), each floating platform (12) comprising a through rail groove arranged at the lower part, a steel cable (1209) arranged at the bottom, a data acquisition device (1205) and a signal transmitting device (1202); the data acquisition device (1205) transmits the acquired water temperature data to the signal transmitting device (1202) to be transmitted outwards; and
one or more monitoring units (13) in one-to-one correspondence with the one or more floating platforms (12), each monitoring unit (13) comprising a plurality of buoyancy-driven thermometers (130); each buoyancy-driven temperature detector (130) comprises a water temperature detection unit (132) and a gravity control unit (133); a water depth detector (1321), a water temperature sensor (1322), a flow rate monitor (1323) and a communication cable (1324) are arranged in the water temperature detection unit (132); the buoyancy driven temperature detector (130) is connected to a steel cable (1209) of the corresponding floating platform (12) through the communication cable (1324) so as to transmit the monitored data to a data acquisition device (1205) of the corresponding floating platform (12); the gravity control unit (133) adjusts the vertical position of the corresponding buoyancy driven temperature detector (130) through water drainage or water inflow.
2. The three-dimensional intelligent water temperature monitoring device (1) suitable for complex waters as claimed in claim 1 wherein the control unit (11) further comprises a chain locker (1103), a first driving device (1106), a power source (1107), a skid bearing (1108), and a track (1109); lifting lugs are arranged on the lower surface of the cylindrical floating body (1101) and connected with the anchor chains (1102); the anchor chain (1102) is stored in the anchor chain cabin (1103) in advance; the sliding support (1108) and the track (1109) are horizontally arranged on the outer side of the cylindrical floating body (1101) and are used for driving the telescopic guide rail (1105) to perform circular motion along the outer surface of the cylindrical floating body (1101) under the action of the first driving device (1106) and the power supply (1107).
3. The three-dimensional intelligent water temperature monitoring device (1) for complex waters as claimed in claim 1 wherein each floating platform (12) further comprises: the system comprises a foam buoy (1201), a solar panel (1203), a waterproof partition plate (1204), a GPS (global positioning system) positioning device (1206), a wire rope cabin (1207), a second driving device (1208) and a counterweight (1210); the foam buoy (1201) is hollow inside, and the signal emitting device (1202), the solar panel (1203), the waterproof partition plate (1204), the data acquisition device (1205), the GPS positioning device (1206), the steel cable cabin (1207) and the second driving device (1208) are arranged in the hollow part from top to bottom; the solar panel (1203) is fixed on the surface of the foam buoy (1201) and provides electric energy for the signal transmitting device (1202), the data acquisition device (1205), the GPS positioning device (1206) and the second driving device (1208); the data acquisition device (1205) converts the monitored data into digital signals and forwards the digital signals to the signal transmitting device (1202); the counterweight is connected to the end of the steel cable (1209); the guide rail groove is formed in the lower part of the foam buoy (1201); the floating platform (12) can move radially along the telescopic guide rail (1105) under the action of the second driving device (1208), or drive the telescopic guide rail (1105) to move circumferentially along the tangential direction.
4. The intelligent monitoring device (1) for the water temperature in three dimensions applicable to complex waters as claimed in claim 1 wherein each buoyancy-driven temperature detector (130) further comprises a housing (131); a collision sensor (1311) and an alarm system (1312) are installed on the upper side of the shell (131) to prevent collision of adjacent thermometers (130) in the throwing process;
a plurality of water inlets are formed in the periphery of the water temperature detection unit (132) in each buoyancy driven temperature detector (130), water in a water area to be detected can freely enter the water temperature detection unit (132) through the water inlets, and water depth, water temperature and flow rate data are measured through the water depth detector (1321), the water temperature sensor (1322) and the flow rate monitor (1323); the communication cable (1323) in the water temperature detection unit (132) is wrapped in a phosphated coating steel wire rope by adopting an RS-485 serial bus;
the gravity control unit (133) in each buoyancy driven temperature detector (130) includes a water compartment (1331), a water inlet valve (1332), a water outlet valve (1333), a valve drive device (1334), and a water inlet filter system (1335).
5. The intelligent monitoring device (1) for the water temperature in three dimensions applicable to complex waters as claimed in claim 1 wherein the signal emitting device (1202) in each floating platform (12) employs a ZigBee wireless communication network.
6. A three-dimensional water temperature monitoring system suitable for complex waters, comprising the three-dimensional water temperature intelligent monitoring device suitable for complex waters according to any of claims 1-4, further comprising a distributed data analysis device (2); the distributed data analysis apparatus (2) includes: the system comprises a communication unit (21), a database (22), a thermocline judging unit (23), a vertical monitoring control unit (24) and a three-dimensional water temperature simulation unit (25);
the communication unit (21) receives real-time water temperature and position data sent by the three-dimensional water temperature intelligent monitoring device (1) and forwards the real-time water temperature and position data to the database (22);
the database (22) stores monitoring data files in a matrix format and receives data call of the thermocline judging unit (23), the vertical monitoring control unit (24) and the three-dimensional water temperature simulation unit (25);
the thermocline judging unit (23) calls water temperature distribution data in the same vertical direction, calculates thermocline strength of water bodies between adjacent buoyancy driven temperature detectors (130) in each monitoring unit (13), judges the thermocline by adopting a vertical gradient method, and calculates a plurality of indicative characteristic quantities in the same vertical direction, including thermocline depth, thermocline strength and thermocline thickness;
the vertical monitoring and controlling unit (24) is used for adjusting the plurality of indicative characteristic quantities in the same vertical direction calculated by the thermocline judging unit (23), and adjusting the gravity controlling unit (133) to encrypt the temperature measurer in the thermocline depth range, so as to comprehensively control the overall distribution of the monitoring units;
the three-dimensional water temperature simulation unit (24) calls vertical, transverse and longitudinal water temperature data of the reservoir water body in the database (22) at the same time, and carries out interpolation and extrapolation operation on the measured three-dimensional temperature field by using a Kriging interpolation method to simulate the temperature distribution of a measurement area and even the whole water area.
7. The three-dimensional water temperature intelligent monitoring method suitable for the complex water area based on the three-dimensional water temperature monitoring system of claim 6 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(S1) monitoring the preparation stage:
(S1-1) complex water body identification: acquiring basic data such as actual size, boundary condition and real-time environment temperature of a target water area, and setting a temperature gradient threshold gradtthrAnd measuring the temperature difference threshold tthrAnd input to the distributed data analysis system (2);
(S1-2) the control unit puts in: according to the actual size and boundary conditions of a target water area, a control unit (11) in the three-dimensional water temperature intelligent monitoring device (1) is placed at the central axis of a water inlet of a reservoir area, on the bank slope side or at any position in the sea, a cylindrical floating body (1101) in the control unit (11) is fixed at a specific position O under the action of the gravity of an anchor chain and a sinking stone (1104), and a telescopic guide rail (1105) is extended;
(S1-3) monitoring point arrangement: installing the one or more floating platforms (12) on the retractable guide rails (1105) at equal intervals d according to the obtained real-time ambient temperature, water flow rate, and other conditions0Throwing a plurality of buoyancy driven thermometers (130) of the monitoring unit (13) and adjusting the buoyancy driven thermometers (1) through the gravity control unit (133)30) The vertical position of (a);
(S2) actual water temperature monitoring:
(S2-1) initial water temperature monitoring: the water depth and water temperature data of the corresponding position are obtained by each buoyancy driven temperature detector (130) and are transmitted to the corresponding floating platform (12) through a communication cable (1323); each floating platform (12) combines and sends each data to the distributed data analysis system (2) through a wireless signal transmitting device (1202); a communication unit (21) of the data analysis system (2) receives the signals related to the matrix, constructs water temperature space distribution data of a reservoir area and stores the water temperature space distribution data into the database (22);
(S2-2) thermocline positioning: a thermocline judging unit (23) in the distributed data analysis system (2) calls water temperature distribution data in the same vertical direction in the database (22), calculates the temperature gradient of water bodies between adjacent buoyancy driven thermometers (130), compares the temperature gradient with a set temperature gradient threshold value, judges the thermocline by adopting a vertical gradient method, transmits the judging result to the vertical monitoring control unit (24), and calls a gravity control unit (133) to comprehensively control the vertical position of each buoyancy driven thermometer (130), so that the thermocline is accurately positioned;
(S2-3) three-dimensional water temperature monitoring: the telescopic guide rail (1105) drives all the floating platforms (12) and the monitoring unit (13) to do circular motion around the point O where the cylindrical floating body (1101) is located in the control unit (11), the water body temperature of the water area where the floating platforms are located is measured at intervals of a certain angle, and the water body temperature is stored in the database (22);
(S3) space temperature field construction:
(S3-1) construction of a temperature field of the monitoring area: the three-dimensional water temperature simulation unit (25) in the distributed data analysis system (2) calls vertical, horizontal and longitudinal water temperature data of water in the water reservoir in the database (22), interpolation and extrapolation operations are carried out on the measured three-dimensional temperature field by using a Kriging interpolation method, and the temperature field in the monitoring area is simulated and reconstructed;
(S3-2) constructing a complex water temperature field: and (2) moving the position of the three-dimensional water temperature intelligent monitoring device (1), monitoring the actual water temperature along the upstream of the target water area or around a bank slope, storing the acquired water temperature and position information in the database (22), and repeating the step (S3-1) to obtain the overall temperature field of the target water area.
8. The intelligent three-dimensional water temperature monitoring method for complex waters as claimed in claim 7, wherein the step (S2-1) specifically comprises:
establishing a polar coordinate system rho-O-theta in the horizontal plane direction by taking the specific position O where the cylindrical floating body (1101) in the control unit (11) is located as a pole and the initial direction of the guide rail as a polar axis, and detecting water temperature data T of the point where each buoyancy driven temperature detector (130) in the corresponding monitoring unit (13) is located for any specific floating platform (12) with polar coordinates (rho, theta) at the same time TiAnd water depth data hiI is 1,2, …, n, where ρ and θ are the distance and polar angle from the point of the specific floating platform (12) to the specific position O, h is the vertical distance from the point of the specific floating platform (12) to the water surface, and n is the number of buoyancy-driven thermometers (130) provided for each monitoring unit (13);
the step (S2-2) specifically includes:
(S2-2-1) calculating the thermocline intensity of the temperature field between the point where the ith buoyancy driven temperature detector is located and the point where the ith-1 buoyancy driven temperature detector is located
Wherein i is 2,3, …, n;
(S2-2-2) comparing the thermocline intensity gradt of the temperature field between the point where the ith buoyancy-driven temperature detector (130) is located and the point where the ith-1 buoyancy-driven temperature detector (130) is locatediWith temperature gradient threshold gradtthrWhen the size of (1), i ═ 2,3, …, n, when gradti>gradtthrWhen, the interval h is an element (h)i-1，hi) Is determined as a thermocline, where hi-1And hiThe vertical distances from the point of the ith-1 and the ith buoyancy driven temperature detector to the water surface are respectively; the section-by-section comparison is carried out to judge the section where the thermocline is positioned, and the section is marked as (h)j，hk)，hjAnd hkThe vertical distances from the bottom and the top of the thermocline to the water surface are respectively hkAs the depth of jump layer, let hk-hjAs the thickness of the thermocline, and the whole vertical temperature gradient in the interval of the thermocline
As spring layer strength;
(S2-2-3) the vertical monitoring control unit (24) is used for adjusting thermocline data and current water depth data of each buoyancy driven temperature detector (130) in the monitoring unit (13), and calculating allowable measured water depth of each temperature detector in the thermocline range
m is the mth temperature detector in the thermocline range; comparison hm' with the current water depth hmIf the values are equal, the original monitoring distance is kept, and if h ', the original monitoring distance is kept'm<hmIn order to make the detection result more accurate, the corresponding gravity control unit (133) is transferred to make the corresponding buoyancy drive the temperature measurer (130) to submerge;
(S2-2-4) repeating the steps (S2-2-2) and (S2-2-3) to obtain more accurate thermocline range and realize automatic close distribution of temperature measuring points in the thermocline range.
9. The intelligent three-dimensional water temperature monitoring method for complex waters as claimed in claim 8, wherein the step (S3-1) specifically comprises:
(S3-1-1) adding a vertical coordinate axis z from the water surface to the water bottom on the basis of the polar coordinates established in the step (S2-1), thereby establishing a three-dimensional coordinate system;
(S3-1-2) retrieving water temperature data measured in the ρ -O-z plane in the database (22)
And position information of the buoyancy-driven temperature detector (130)Wherein N is one or more of the traction of the telescopic guide rail (1105)The number of the floating platforms (12), n is the number of the buoyancy driven temperature detectors (130) in the monitoring unit corresponding to each floating platform (12), tijAnd xijRespectively representing water temperature data and position data of a jth buoyancy driven temperature detector (130) in a monitoring unit (13) corresponding to the ith floating platform;
(S3-1-3) solving the undetermined weight coefficient lambda aiming at the unbiased condition of KrigingiThe system of equations of (1):
wherein eta is the total number of the buoyancy driven thermometers (130) in the rho-O-z plane, mu is a Lagrange constant, and C (x)i,xj) For measuring any two points x in the areai,xjWater temperature t (x)i) And t (x)j) 1,2, …, N, j 1,2, …, N, and having:
C(xi,xj)＝E[t(xi)t(xj)]-E[t(xi)]E[t(xj)]
(S3-1-4) solving-based undetermined weight coefficient lambdaiCalculating the point to be inserted (rho) in the rho-O-z plane0，h0) Interpolation result of water temperature
And the calculated vertical water temperature interpolation result t is used0(ρ0，h0) To the database (22) to update the database (22);
(S3-1-5) retrieving water temperature data in the ρ -O- θ plane in the updated database (22)
Wherein omega is the measuring times of the telescopic guide rail (1105) in the process of circular motion according to the angle measurement of the preset interval;
indicating the corresponding monitoring of the u-th floating platformWater temperature vector data synthesized by the water temperature data measured at the v-th time in the circular motion process of each buoyancy driven temperature detector (130) in the unit (13);
(S3-1-6) repeating the steps (S3-1-3) and (S3-1-4) to obtain any point (rho-O-theta) in the plane0,θ0) Water temperature interpolation result t0(ρ0，θ0) And updating the database (22) to finish the construction of the three-dimensional temperature field.
10. The intelligent three-dimensional water temperature monitoring method for complex waters as claimed in claim 7, further comprising:
when three or more than three buoyancy-driven temperature detectors (130) in the monitoring unit (13) in the same vertical direction detect that the flow rate of water flow exceeds 5m/s, water outlet valves of all the buoyancy-driven temperature detectors (130) are opened, the buoyancy-driven temperature detectors are waited to rise to the initial state, then all the floating platforms (12) are controlled to move towards the control unit (11) along the telescopic guide rails (1105) and the telescopic guide rails (1105) are retracted, so that the three-dimensional water temperature intelligent monitoring device (1) is attached to the control unit (11) and anchored at the specific position O, and further the influence on the water flow of a water inlet is reduced; and (5) when the reservoir gate is closed again, putting the monitoring device again according to the steps (S1-2) to (S1-3).
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| 戴凌全等: "水库水温数学模型研究综述", 《三峡大学学报（自然科学版）》 * |
| 马方凯等: "三峡水库近坝区三维流场及温度场的数值模拟", 《水利水电科技进展》 * |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111964808A (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2020-11-20 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 | Cold region reservoir water temperature dynamic monitoring device and ice layer thickness inversion method |
| CN112179525A (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2021-01-05 | 华能澜沧江水电股份有限公司 | Observation system for numerical simulation input and verification of water temperature of large river reservoir |
| CN114036838A (en) * | 2021-11-09 | 2022-02-11 | 云南大学 | Vertical water temperature simulation method based on multilayer LSTM neural network |
| CN114720719A (en) * | 2022-03-23 | 2022-07-08 | 武汉理工大学 | MPC control-based method for acquiring flow velocity in long-distance ore pulp pipeline |
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