CN105596507A - 一种治疗溃疡性结肠炎的中药组合物 - Google Patents
一种治疗溃疡性结肠炎的中药组合物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种治疗溃疡性结肠炎的中药组合物,由内服药物组合物和外用药物组合物组成,所述内服药物组合物由以下重量份数的原料药制成:黄连15-20份,黄芩10-20份,黄柏10-15份,酒大黄10-15份等;所述外用药物组合物由以下重量份数的原料药制成:延胡索10-30份,川芎10-32份,鸡血藤10-30份和丹参10-30份。本发明治疗溃疡性结肠炎的中药组合物采用中医内调外治之法,适用于治疗湿热型型或疫毒型溃疡性结肠炎患者。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中药技术领域,具体涉及一种治疗溃疡性结肠炎的中药组合物。
背景技术
溃疡性结肠炎是一种病因尚不十分清楚的结肠和直肠慢性非特异性炎症性疾病,病变局限于大肠黏膜及黏膜下层。病变多位于乙状结肠和直肠,也可延伸至降结肠,甚至整个结肠。病程漫长,常反复发作。本病见于任何年龄,但以20~45岁多见。溃疡性结肠炎的病因至今仍不明。基因因素可能具有一定地位。心理因素在疾病发展中具有重要地位,原来存在的病态精神如抑郁或社会距离在结肠切除术后明显改善。有认为溃疡性结肠炎是一种自身免疫性疾病。目前认为炎性肠病的发病是外源物质引起宿主反应、基因和免疫影响三者相互作用的结果。根据这一见解,溃疡性结肠炎与克隆病是一个疾病过程的不同表现。临床表现:除少数患者起病急骤外,一般起病缓慢,病情轻重不一。症状以腹泻为主,排出含有血、脓和黏液的粪便,常伴有阵发性结肠痉挛性疼痛,并里急后重,排便后可获缓解。轻型患者症状较轻微,每日腹泻不足5次。重型每日腹泻在5次以上,为水泻或血便,腹痛较重,有发热症状,体温可超过38.5℃,脉率大于90次/分。暴发型较少见。起病急骤,病情发展迅速,腹泻量大,经常便血。体温升高可达40℃,严重者出现全身中毒症状。疾病日久不愈,可出现消瘦、贫血、营养障碍、衰弱等。部分患者有肠道外表现,如结节性红斑、虹膜炎、慢性活动性肝炎及小胆管周围炎等。并发症:1.中毒性结肠扩张在急性活动期发生,发生率约2%。是由于炎症波及结肠肌层及肌间神经丛,以至肠壁张力低下,呈阶段性麻痹,肠内容物和气体大量积聚,从而引起急性结肠扩张,肠壁变薄,病变多见于乙状结肠或横结肠。诱因有低血钾、钡剂灌肠,使用抗胆碱能药物或阿片类药物等。临床表现为病情迅速恶化,中毒症状明显,伴腹胀、压痛、反跳痛,肠鸣音减弱或消失,白细胞计数增多。X线腹平片可见肠腔加宽、结肠袋消失等。易并发肠穿孔。病死率高。2.肠穿孔发生率为1.8%左右。多在中毒性结肠扩张基础上发生,引起弥漫性腹膜炎,出现膈下游离气体。3.大出血是指出血量大而要输血治疗者,其发生率为1.1%~4.0%。除因溃疡累及血管发生出血外,低凝血酶原血症亦是重要原因。4.息肉本病的息肉并发率为9.7%~39%,常称这种息肉为假性息肉。可分为黏膜下垂型、炎型息肉型、腺瘤样息肉型。息肉好发部位在直肠,也有人认为降结肠及乙状结肠最多。发展结局可随炎症的痊愈而消失,随溃疡的形成而破坏,长期存留或癌变。癌变主要是来自腺瘤样息肉型。5.癌变发生率报道不一,有研究认为比无结肠炎者高多倍。多见于结肠炎病变累及全结肠、幼年起病和病史超过10年者。6.小肠炎并发小肠炎的病变主要在回肠远端,表现为脐周或右下腹痛,水样便及脂肪便,使患者全身衰竭进度加速。
西医治疗溃疡性结肠炎,遵循其一贯以来分而治之的理念,“头痛医头,脚痛医脚”,忽视了人的整体性。西医治疗措施:①柳氮磺胺吡啶水杨酸制剂是主要治疗药物,如艾迪莎、美沙拉嗪等。②皮质类固醇常用药为强的松或地塞米松,但目前并不认为长期激素维持可防止复发。在急性发作期亦可用氢化考的松或地塞米松静脉滴注,以及每晚用氢化考的松加于生理盐水中作保留灌肠,在急性发作期应用激素治疗的价值是肯定的,但在慢性期是否应持续使用激素则尚有分歧,由于它有一定副作用,故多数不主张长期使用。③免疫抑制剂在溃疡性结肠炎中的价值尚属可疑。据Rosenberg等报道硫唑嘌呤在疾病恶化时并无控制疾病的作用,而在慢性病例中它却有助于减少皮质类固醇的使用等方法,但是治标不治本。
祖国医学认为溃疡性结肠炎的形成有内因和外因所影响,外因为外感时疫邪毒,内因为内伤饮食。在临床上溃疡性结肠炎属于中医“痢疾”范畴。《内经》中称为“肠癖”。认为其发病与饮食不节及湿热下注有关。汉·张仲景将泄泻与痢疾统称为“下利”,制定了治疗湿热痢的白头翁汤,并提出了“下利便脓血者,桃花汤主之”的虚寒久痢主方。隋·巢元方《诸病源候论·痢病候》将痢疾分为“赤白痢”、“脓血痢”、“冷热痢”、“休息痢”等21种病候,并在病机方面提出“痢疾由脾弱肠虚···肠虚不复,故赤白连滞···血痢者热毒折于血,入大肠故也。”强调了热毒致病。清·李用粹《证治汇补·痢疾》曰:“无积不成痢···痢起夏秋,湿热交蒸,本乎天也。因热求凉,过吞生冷,由于人也。气壮而上于天者,郁热为多。气弱而上于人者,阴寒为甚。湿土寄望四时,或从热化,则阳土有余,而湿热为病也。明·李中梓《医宗必读·痢疾》云:“痢之为证,多本脾肾。···在脾者病浅,在肾者病深···未有久痢而肾不损者。”在治疗方面,金·刘河间提出的“调气则后重自除,行血则便脓自愈”的法则,至今仍属治痢之常法。明·张景岳特别强调,治疗痢疾“最当查虚实,辨寒热”。清·喻昌创“逆流挽舟”之法,并在《医门法律·痢疾论》中云:“引其邪而出之于外”,创人参败毒散。这些治疗原则至今仍指导着临床工作。
溃疡性结肠炎主要病机为邪蕴肠腑,气血凝滞,传导失司,脂膜血络受伤所致,湿热,疫毒,寒湿,食积等内蕴肠腑,与肠中气血相搏结,大肠传导功能失司,通降不利,气血瘀滞,肠络受损,腐败化为脓血而下痢赤白;气机阻滞,肠腑不通,故见腹痛,里急后重。本病病位在肠,与脾胃关系密切,可涉及肾。病理性质有虚实寒热之不同,且演变多端。暴痢多属实证。外感湿热或湿热内升,壅滞腑气,或疫毒内侵,毒盛于里,熏灼肠道,下痢鲜紫脓血壮热口渴,皆属热证,实证。寒湿阴邪所致为寒证。下痢日久,可由实转虚或虚实夹杂,寒热并见。中医治疗原则:热痢清之,寒痢温之,寒热交错者,清温并举;调和气血,消积导滞;顾护胃气。
中国专利ZL90104954.9公开了一种治疗溃疡性结肠炎的药物油剂,用于直肠给药;中国专利ZL200510104534.X公开了一种治疗溃疡性直肠炎的中药,在每晚睡前灌肠一次;中国专利ZL201410737441.X公开了一种治疗溃疡性结肠炎的中药组合物,在每晚睡前灌肠一次。然而,本发明人发现,现有的这些药物都是单一的内服途径给药,治疗效力不佳,它们仅能暂时缓解溃疡性结肠炎的症状,因此显示短期的有效性,而治愈率非常低。为了缓解症状,患者需要长期服用,而这会导致药效逐渐降低乃至消失,因此导致无法彻底根治溃疡性结肠炎。本领域仍然需要更具效力的治疗溃疡性结肠炎的药物。
发明内容
在长期的医疗实践中,本发明人发现了通过同时内服和外用药物,可以取得很好的治疗效果,大幅提高治疗的治愈率,从而完成了本发明。
在一个方面,本发明提供一种治疗溃疡性结肠炎的中药组合物,其包括黄连15-20份,黄芩10-20份,黄柏10-15份等中药。
在具体的实施方案中,所述中药组合物用于内服。
在另一个方面,本发明提供一种治疗溃疡性结肠炎的中药组合物,包括延胡索和川芎等中药。
在具体的实施方案中,所述中药组合物用于外用。
在本发明一个优选的实施方案中,提供一种治疗溃疡性结肠炎的中药组合物,由内服药物组合物和外用药物组合物组成。
在本发明一个更具体的实施方案中,提供一种治疗溃疡性结肠炎的中药组合物,由内服药物组合物和外用药物组合物组成,所述内服药物组合物由以下重量份数的原料药制成:黄连15-20份,黄芩10-20份,黄柏10-15份,酒大黄10-15份,甘草10-12份,当归15-25份,赤芍15-20份,牡丹皮10-12份,白头翁15-20份,金银花15-30份,葛根15-20份,秦皮10-15份,槟郎10-15份,木香10-15份;
所述外用药物组合物由以下重量份数的原料药制成:延胡索10-25份,川芎10-30份,鸡血藤10-25份和丹参10-25份。
在本发明一个更具体的实施方案中,所述内服药物组合物由以下重量份数的原料药制成:黄连18份,黄芩15份,黄柏12份,酒大黄12份,甘草10份,当归20份,赤芍18份,牡丹皮11份,白头翁18份,金银花25份,葛根18份,秦皮12份,槟郎12份,木香12份;
所述外用药物组合物由以下重量份数的原料药制成:延胡索25份,川芎30份,鸡血藤25份和丹参25份。
在另一个方面,本发明提供所述治疗溃疡性结肠炎的中药组合物的制备方法,其中所述内服药物组合物的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)取原料药加入5-6倍量的乙醇中浸泡1-2h,加热提取2-3次,每次1-2h,合并提取液,静置后取上清液,然后100-140目滤过,再经截流分子量为5000-10000的超滤柱超滤,超滤液减压浓缩至相对密度为60-70℃时1.15-1.2的浸膏,静置备用,为组分A;
(2)将步骤(1)乙醇提取过的原料药的药渣加8-12倍量蒸馏水,加热回流提取2-3次,每次l-2h,合并提取液,静置,为组分B;
(3)将组分A和组分B的合并,抽滤,接着减压浓缩至药液浓度为1-1.1g/mL,接着经大孔吸附树脂柱吸附,用8-12倍树脂柱体积的蒸馏水洗脱,再用5-6倍树脂柱体积的无水乙醇洗脱,收集乙醇洗脱液,去除溶剂,得到药粉,装入胶囊,每粒0.5-1.0g。
在另一个实施方案中,所述的内服药物组合物的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将各种原料药去杂,晾干,粉碎成颗粒,加水浸泡1-2h,将浸泡好的原料置多功能提取罐中加水煎煮2-3次,第一次加总药材8-10倍量的水,煎煮1.5-2h,取煎液,滤过,第二次加总量3-5倍量的水,煎煮l-1.2h,取两次煎液混合,滤过;
(2)将过滤的滤液减压浓缩至70-80℃时相对密度为1.1-1.2的浓缩液,置0-5℃冷藏20-24h;
(3)将步骤(2)冷藏液加硅藻土,过滤,滤液减压浓缩,干燥成粉末,装入胶囊,每粒0.5-1.0g。
在另一个方面,本发明提供所述治疗溃疡性结肠炎的中药组合物的制备方法,其中所述外用药物组合物的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将当归和川芎水蒸气法蒸馏,得到结晶物,为组分A;
(2)取蒸馏后的药渣混合剩余原料加入5-6倍量的60-80%乙醇浸泡1-2h,加热提取2-3次,每次1-2h,合并提取液,100-120目滤过,再经截流分子量为5000-10000的超滤柱超滤,减压浓缩滤液至原体积的1/5-1/3,收集浓缩液,为组分B;
(3)在步骤(2)组分B中掺入组分A,减压浓缩至相对密度为60-70℃时1.1-1.3的浸膏,压入无纺布,每帖20-25g。
本发明治疗溃疡性结肠炎的内服药物和外用药物共同使用,其中,内服药物的服用方法:每日2-3次,每次1-2粒,每粒0.5-1.0g,10天一个疗程;
外用药物的使用方法:在大肠腧、上巨虚2个穴位进行贴敷,每天1-2次,每次1-2帖,每帖20-25g,7天一个疗程。
当然,本领域技术人员可以理解,本发明提供的上述制备方法是为了获得更好的治疗效果。本领域技术人员在例如条件受限的条件下也可以通过常见的中药制备方法例如用水煎煮等来制备上述的内外用药物,这些实施方式都应当落入本发明的实施方案之内。
药理作用:
黄连,味苦,性寒,归心、脾、胃,胆,大肠经,功能清热燥湿,泻火解毒。主要用于治疗湿热痞满,呕吐吞酸,湿热泻痢,高热神昏,心烦不寐,血热吐衄,痈肿疔疮,目赤牙痛,消渴,外治湿疹,湿疮,耳道流脓。《神农本草经》:“主热气目痛,明目,腹痛下痢,妇人阴中肿痛。”《珍珠囊》:“其用有六:泻心脏火;去中焦湿热;诸疮必用;去风湿;治赤眼暴发;止中部见血。”现代药理学研究表明:黄连煎剂对葡萄球菌,链球菌,肺炎球菌,霍乱弧菌,炭疽杆菌及除宋内氏以外的痢疾杆菌均有较强的抗菌作用;对肺炎杆菌,白喉杆菌,枯草杆菌,百日咳杆菌,鼠疫杆菌,布氏杆菌,结核杆菌也有抗菌作用;有利胆,抑制胃液分泌,抗腹泻等作用,黄连及其提取物有抗溃疡作用。
黄芩,味苦,性寒,归脾、肺,胆,胃,大肠经。功能清热燥湿,泻火解毒,止血,安胎。用于治疗湿温,暑湿,胸闷呕恶,湿热痞满,黄疸泻痢,肺热咳嗽,高热烦渴,血热吐衄,痈肿疮毒,胎动不安。《神农本草经》:“主诸热黄疸,肠廦泻痢,逐水,下血闭,恶疮疽蚀火疡。”《本草正》:“清上焦之火,退往来寒热,能除下焦之热,能除赤痢,热蓄膀胱,五淋涩痛,大肠闭结,便血,漏血。现代药理学研究表明:黄芩煎剂在体外对痢疾杆菌,白喉杆菌,绿脓杆菌,伤寒杆菌,副伤寒杆菌,变形杆菌,金黄色葡萄球菌,溶血性链球菌等有不同程度的抑制作用。
黄柏,味苦,性寒,归肾,膀胱,大肠经。功能清热燥湿,泻火解毒,除骨蒸。主要用于湿热带下,热淋涩痛,湿热泻痢,黄疸,湿热脚气,痿证,骨蒸劳热,盗汗,遗精,疮疡肿毒,湿疹瘙痒。《神农本草经》:“主五脏肠胃中结热,黄疸,肠痔,止泻痢,女子漏下赤白,阴伤蚀疮。”《珍珠囊》:“黄柏之用有六:泻膀胱龙火;利小便结;除下焦湿肿;痢疾先见血;脐中痛;补肾不足,壮骨髓。现代药理学研究表明:黄柏有抗病原微生物作用,对痢疾杆菌,伤寒杆菌,结核杆菌,金黄色葡萄球菌,溶血性链球菌等多种致病菌均有抑制作用;对某些皮肤真菌,钩端螺旋体,乙肝表面抗原也有抑制作用。
赤芍,味苦,性微寒,归肝经,功能清热凉血,散瘀止痛。主要用于治疗温毒发斑,血热吐衄,目赤肿痛,痈肿疮疡,肝郁胁痛,经闭痛经,症瘕腹痛,跌打损伤。《神农本草经》:“主邪气腹痛,除血痹,破坚积,寒热疝瘕,止痛,利小便。”《本草求真》:“赤则有散邪行血之意,能于血中活滞,故凡腹痛坚积,血瘕疝痹,经闭目赤,因于积热而成者,用此则能凉血逐瘀。”现代药理学研究表明:“赤芍,赤芍苷有解痉作用,镇静,抗炎止痛作用,赤芍对肝细胞DNA的合成有明显的增强作用,对多种病原微生物有较强的抑制作用。
当归,味甘辛,性温。归肝、心、脾经,功能补血调经,活血止痛,润肠通便,主要治疗血虚主证,血虚血瘀,月经不调,经闭,痛经,虚寒性腹痛,跌打损伤,痈疽疮疡,风寒痹痛,血虚肠燥便秘。《本草纲目》:“治头痛,心腹诸痛,润肠胃,筋骨,皮肤,治痈疽,排脓止痛,和血补血。”《医学起源》:“当归,气温味甘,能和血补血,尾破血,身和血。”现代药理学研究表明:当归浸膏有显著扩张离体豚鼠冠脉作用,增加冠脉血流量。麻醉犬静注本品,心率无明显改变,冠脉阻力和总外周阻力下降,冠脉血流量显著增加,心肌耗氧量显著下降,心排血量和心搏指数有增加趋势。当归中性油对实验性心肌缺血亦有显著保护作用。当归及其阿魏酸钠有明显的抗血栓作用。
酒大黄,味苦,性寒,归脾、胃、大肠,肝,心包经,功能泻下攻积,清热泻火,凉血解毒,逐瘀通经。主要用于积滞便秘,血热吐衄,目赤肿痛,热毒疮疡,烧烫伤,瘀血诸证,湿热痢疾,黄疸,淋证。《神农本草经》:“下淤血,血闭寒热,破癥瘕积聚,留饮宿食,荡涤肠胃,推陈致新,通利水谷,调中化食,安和五脏。”《本草纲目》:“下痢赤白,里急腹痛,小便淋沥,实热燥结,潮热谵语,黄疸,诸火疮。”现代药理学研究表明:大黄能增加大肠蠕动,抑制肠内水分吸收,促进排便,有抗感染作用,对多种革兰阳性和阴性杆菌均有抑制作用,其中最敏感的为葡萄球菌和链球菌,其次为白喉杆菌,伤寒和副伤寒杆菌,肺炎双球菌,痢疾杆菌等。
木香,味辛,苦,性温,归脾、胃、大肠、胆、三焦经,功能行气止痛,健脾消食,主治脾胃气滞,泻痢里急后重,腹痛胁痛,黄疸,疝气疼痛,胸痹。《日华子本草》:“治心腹一切气,膀胱冷痛,呕逆反胃,霍乱泄泻痢疾,健脾消食,安胎。”《本草求真》:“木香,下气宽中,为三焦气分要药,然三焦则又以中为要···中宽则上下皆通,是以号为三焦宣滞要剂。”现代药理学研究表明:木香对胃肠道有兴奋或抑制的双向作用,能促进消化液分泌,木香能通过胃肠道蠕动加快,促进胃排空,明显拮抗大鼠急性胃粘膜损伤,溃疡抑制率达100%;有明显的利胆作用;有松弛气管平滑肌作用;并能抑制链球菌,金黄色与白色葡萄球菌的生长。
槟郎,味苦,辛,性温,归胃、大肠经。功能杀虫消积,行气,利水,截疟。主要治疗肠道寄生虫病,食积气滞,泻痢里急后重,水肿,脚气肿痛,疟疾。《名医别录》:“主消谷,逐水,除痰辟,杀三虫伏尸,疗寸白。”现代药理学研究表明:槟郎能使绦虫虫体引起弛缓性麻痹,触之则虫体伸长而不易断,故能把全虫驱除;对皮肤真菌,流感病毒,幽门螺旋杆菌均有抑制作用。
白头翁,味苦,性寒,归胃、大肠经,功能清热解毒,凉血止痢。主要治疗热毒血痢,疮痈肿毒。《神农本草经》:“。主温虐狂易寒热,癥瘕积聚,瘿气,逐血止痛,疗金疮”《药性论》:“止腹痛及赤毒痢,治齿痛,主项下瘿瘤。”现代药理学研究表明:白头翁鲜汁,煎剂,乙醇提取物在体外对金黄色葡萄球菌,绿脓杆菌,痢疾杆菌,枯草杆菌,伤寒杆菌,沙门氏杆菌以及一些皮肤真菌等,均有明显的抑制作用。本品煎剂及所含皂苷有明显的抗阿米巴原虫作用。
葛根,味甘,性凉,归脾、胃经。功能解肌退热,透疹,生津止渴,升阳止泻。主要应用于表证发热,项背强痛,麻疹不透,热病口渴,阴虚消渴,热泄热痢,脾虚泄泻。《神农本草经》:“主消渴,身大热,呕吐,诸痹,起阴气,解诸毒。”《名医别录》:“疗伤寒中风头痛,解肌发表,出汗,开腠理,疗金疮,止痛,胁风痛。”现代药理学研究表明:葛根有广泛的β-受体阻滞作用,对小鼠离体肠管有明显解痉作用,能对抗乙酰胆碱所致的肠管痉挛。
牡丹皮,味苦,辛,微寒,归心肝肾经。功能清热凉血,活血祛瘀。主要用于温毒发斑,血热吐衄,温病伤阴,阴虚发热,夜热早凉,无汗骨蒸,血滞经闭,痛经,跌打损伤,痈肿疮毒。《神农本草经》:“主寒热,中风瘛瘲,惊痫邪气,除坚癥淤血留舍肠胃,安五脏,疗痈疮。”《珍珠囊》:“治肠胃积血,衄血,吐血,无汗骨蒸。”现代药理学研究表明:牡丹皮能显著降低心输出量,其乙醇提取物,水煎剂能增加冠脉血流量。牡丹皮水煎剂对痢疾杆菌,伤寒杆菌等多种致病菌及致病性皮肤真菌均有抑制作用。
金银花,味甘,性寒。归肺,心,胃经。功能清热解毒,疏散风热。主要用于痈肿疔疮,外感风热,瘟病初起,热毒血痢。《本草纲目》:“一切风湿气,及诸肿毒,痈疽疥癣,杨梅诸恶疮。散热解毒。”《本草拾遗》:“主热毒,血痢,水痢,浓煎服之。”现代药理学研究表明:本品有广谱抗菌作用,对金黄色葡萄球菌,痢疾杆菌等致病菌有较强的抑制作用,对钩端螺旋体,流感病毒及致病霉菌等多种病原微生物亦有抑制作用;金银花煎剂能促进白细胞的吞噬作用;有明显的抗炎及解热作用。
秦皮,味苦,涩,性寒,归肝,胆,大肠经。功能清热燥湿,收涩止痢,止带明目。主要用于湿热泻痢,带下阴痒,肝热目赤肿痛,目生翳膜。《神农本草经》:“除热,目中青颐白膜。”《本草纲目》:“秦皮,色青气寒,味苦性涩,乃是厥阴肝,少阳胆经药也。故治目病,惊痫,取其平木也;治下利,崩带,取其收涩也;又能治男子少精,益精有子,皆取其涩而有补也。”现代药理学研究表明:秦皮煎剂对金黄色葡萄球菌,大肠杆菌,福氏痢疾杆菌,宋内式痢疾杆菌均有抑制作用。
甘草,味甘性平,归心,肺,脾,胃经。功能补脾益气,祛痰止咳,缓急止痛,清热解毒,调和诸药。主要用于心气不足,脉结代,心动悸,脾气虚证,咳喘,脘腹,四肢挛急疼痛,热毒疮疡,咽喉肿痛,药食中毒,调和药性。《名医别录》:“温中下气,烦满短气,伤脏咳嗽。”《本草汇言》:“和中益气,补虚解毒之药也。”现代药理学研究表明:甘草煎剂有抗菌,抗病毒,抗炎,抗过敏作用。
川芎,味辛,性温,归肝、胆、心包经。功能活血行气,祛风止痛。主要治疗血瘀气滞痛症,头痛风湿痹痛。《神农本草经》:“主中风入脑头痛,寒痹,筋脉缓急,金疮,妇人血闭无子。”《本草汇言》:“川芎,上行头目,下调经水,中开郁结,血中气药。现代药理学研究表明,川芎嗪能扩张冠状动脉,增加冠脉血流量,改善心肌血氧供应,并降低心肌耗氧量;还可扩张脑血管,降低血管阻力,显著增加脑及肢体血流量,改善微循环;此外其还能降低血小板表面活性,抑制血小板凝集,预防血栓形成。
延胡索,味苦辛,性温,归心、肝、脾经,功能活血,行气,止痛。主要治疗气血瘀滞痛症。《雷公炮炙论》:“心痛欲死,速觅元胡。”《本草纲目》:“延胡索,能行血中气滞,气中气滞,故专治一身上下诸痛,用之中的,妙不可言。盖延胡索活血化气,第一品药也。”现代药理学研究表明:元胡醇提物能扩张冠状动脉,降低冠脉阻力,增加冠脉血流量,提高耐缺氧能力;总碱能对抗心律失常,抗心肌缺血,扩张外周血管,降低血压,减慢心率。
鸡血藤,味苦,微甘,温。归肝、肾经。功能行血补血,调经,舒筋活络。主治月经不调,痛经,闭经,风湿痹痛,手足麻木,肢体瘫痪,血虚萎黄。《本草纲目拾遗》:“其藤最活血,暖腰膝,已风瘫。”《饮片新参》:“去淤血,生新血,流利经脉。治暑痧,风血痹症。”现代药理学研究表明:鸡血藤水提醇沉制剂能增加实验动物股动脉血流量,降低血管阻力,对血小板聚集有明显抑制作用;水煎剂可以降低动物胆固醇,明显对抗动脉粥样硬化病变。
丹参,性味苦,微寒,归心、心包、肝经,活血调经,祛瘀止痛,凉血消痈,除烦安神,用于月经不调,闭经痛经,产后瘀滞腹痛,血瘀心痛,脘腹疼痛,癥瘕积聚,风湿痹症,跌打损伤,疮疡肿毒,热病烦躁神昏,心烦失眠。《日华子本草》:养血定滞,通利关节;破宿血,补新生血;止血崩带下,调妇人经脉不匀,血郁心烦。《本草便读》:“丹参功同四物,能祛瘀以生新,善疗风以散结,性平和而走血,补血之力不足,活血之力有余,为调理血分之首药。现代药理学研究表明:丹参能扩张冠状动脉,增加冠脉血流量,改善心肌缺血,促进心肌缺血或损伤的恢复,缩小心肌梗死范围;能提高耐缺氧能力,对缺血心肌有保护作用;能改善微循环,促进血液流速;能扩张血管,降低血压。能改善血液流变性,降低血液粘度,抑制血小板聚集和凝血功能,激活纤溶,对抗血栓形成;能保护红细胞膜;能调节血脂,抑制动脉粥样硬化斑块的形成。
本发明的内服药物组合物各原料药配伍合理,黄连对葡萄球菌、链球菌、肺炎球菌、霍乱弧菌、炭疽杆菌及除宋内氏以外的痢疾杆菌均有较强的抗菌作用;对肺炎杆菌、白喉杆菌、枯草杆菌、百日咳杆菌、鼠疫杆菌、布氏杆菌、结核杆菌也有抗菌作用;有利胆、抑制胃液分泌、抗腹泻等作用,黄连及其提取物有抗溃疡作用;黄芩在体外对痢疾杆菌、白喉杆菌、绿脓杆菌、伤寒杆菌、副伤寒杆菌、变形杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、溶血性链球菌等有不同程度的抑制作用;黄柏有抗病原微生物作用,对痢疾杆菌、伤寒杆菌、结核杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、溶血性链球菌等多种致病菌均有抑制作用;白头翁鲜汁,煎剂,乙醇提取物在体外对金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌、痢疾杆菌、枯草杆菌、伤寒杆菌、沙门氏杆菌以及一些皮肤真菌等,均有明显的抑制作用;四药合用既能抑制肠道致病菌的过度繁殖,又能提高人体免疫力,燥湿解毒,促使肠腑邪热外出,共凑清热燥湿,泻火解毒之功。木香对胃肠道有兴奋或抑制的双向作用,能促进消化液分泌,木香能通过胃肠道蠕动加快,促进胃排空,明显拮抗大鼠急性胃粘膜损伤,溃疡抑制率达100%;有明显的利胆作用;有松弛气管平滑肌作用;并能抑制链球菌,金黄色与白色葡萄球菌的生长;槟郎能使绦虫虫体引起弛缓性麻痹,触之则虫体伸长而不易断,故能把全虫驱除;对皮肤真菌、流感病毒、幽门螺旋杆菌均有抑制作用;木香,槟郎两药均为行气止痛之要药,均具有促进胃肠道蠕动,抑制溃疡,拮抗胃肠道粘膜损伤的作用,两药共用可增强清热燥湿,泻火解毒的功效。赤芍,赤芍苷有解痉作用,镇静,抗炎止痛作用,赤芍对肝细胞DNA的合成有明显的增强作用,对多种病原微生物有较强的抑制作用;当归浸膏有显著扩张离体豚鼠冠脉作用,增加冠脉血流量。麻醉犬静注本品,心率无明显改变,冠脉阻力和总外周阻力下降,冠脉血流量显著增加,心肌耗氧量显著下降,心排血量和心搏指数有增加趋势。当归中性油对实验性心肌缺血亦有显著保护作用。当归及其阿魏酸钠有明显的抗血栓作用;本品有广谱抗菌作用,对金黄色葡萄球菌、痢疾杆菌等致病菌有较强的抑制作用,对钩端螺旋体、流感病毒及致病霉菌等多种病原微生物亦有抑制作用;金银花煎剂能促进白细胞的吞噬作用;有明显的抗炎及解热作用;秦皮煎剂对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、福氏痢疾杆菌、宋内式痢疾杆菌均有抑制作用;此四药合用有抗菌、抗炎、活血凉血、防止肠道粘膜损伤的作用,四药共用旨在增强清热燥湿,解毒活血,凉血之功。葛根有广泛的β-受体阻滞作用,对小鼠离体肠管有明显解痉作用,能对抗乙酰胆碱所致的肠管痉挛;大黄能增加大肠蠕动,抑制肠内水分吸收,促进排便,有抗感染作用,对多种革兰阳性和阴性杆菌均有抑制作用,其中最敏感的为葡萄球菌和链球菌,其次为白喉杆菌、伤寒和副伤寒杆菌、肺炎双球菌、痢疾杆菌等;甘草煎剂有抗菌、抗病毒、抗炎、抗过敏作用;三药入胃,大肠经,具有引药入肠腑的作用,三药合用具有抗炎,抗菌,调和肠胃的作用。上述各原料配伍使用,清热燥湿,活血解毒,保护肠粘膜,抑制各种肠道致病菌的繁殖,适用于溃疡性结肠炎患者。本发明外用药物组合物各原料药配伍合理,共奏活血柔肠,通涤肠腑淤血之功效。
有益效果:
1.本发明内服药物组合物和外用药物组合物配伍合理、精当,符合“君臣佐使”原则,切中溃疡性结肠炎病机。
2.本发明治疗溃疡性结肠炎的中药组合物采用中医内调外治之法,一方面能清热燥湿,泻火解毒;另一方面活血凉血,荡涤肠腑,尤其适用于治疗湿热型或疫毒型痢疾患者,即现代医学上的溃疡性结肠炎,伴有便血、发热、肛门烧灼、里急后重及腹痛的溃疡性结肠炎患者患者。
3.本发明治疗溃疡性结肠炎的中药组合物治疗效果显著,总有效率高达90%,特别是治愈率高达80%。
具体实施方式
下面结合一些具体实施方式,对本发明进一步说明。但是,本领域技术人员可以理解,本发明的技术方案并不仅限于这些实施方式。
实施例1
内服药物组合物:
黄连15份,黄芩10份,黄柏10份,酒大黄10份,甘草10份,当归15份,赤芍15份,牡丹皮10份,白头翁15份,金银花15份,葛根15份,秦皮10份,槟郎10份,木香10份。
外用药物组合物:延胡索10份,川芎10份,鸡血藤10份和丹参10份。
上述的内服药物组合物的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)取原料药加入5倍量的乙醇中浸泡1h,加热提取3次,每次1h,合并提取液,静置后取上清液,然后140目滤过,再经截流分子量为5000的超滤柱超滤,超滤液减压浓缩至相对密度为70℃时1.15的浸膏,静置备用,为组分A;
(2)将步骤(1)乙醇提取过的原料药的药渣加8倍量蒸馏水,加热回流提取2次,每次1h,合并提取液,静置,为组分B;
(3)将组分A和组分B的合并,抽滤,接着减压浓缩至药液浓度为1.0g/mL,接着经大孔吸附树脂柱吸附,用8倍树脂柱体积的蒸馏水洗脱,再用5倍树脂柱体积的无水乙醇洗脱,收集乙醇洗脱液,去除溶剂,得到药粉,装入胶囊,每粒1.0g。
所述的外用药物组合物的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将当归和川芎水蒸气法蒸馏,得到结晶物,为组分A;
(2)取蒸馏后的药渣混合剩余原料加入5倍量的60%乙醇浸泡2h,加热提取2次,每次2h,合并提取液,100目滤过,再经截流分子量为5000的超滤柱超滤,减压浓缩滤液至原体积的1/3,收集浓缩液,为组分B;
(3)在步骤(2)组分B中掺入组分A,减压浓缩至相对密度为70℃时1.25的浸膏,压入无纺布,每帖20g。
实施例2
内服药物组合物:黄连18份,黄芩15份,黄柏12份,酒大黄12份,甘草10份,当归20份,赤芍18份,牡丹皮11份,白头翁18份,金银花25份,葛根18份,秦皮12份,槟郎12份,木香12份;
外用药物组合物:延胡索25份,川芎30份,鸡血藤25份和丹参25份。
上述的内服药物组合物的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)取原料药加入6倍量的乙醇中浸泡2h,加热提取2次,每次2h,合并提取液,静置后取上清液,然后120目滤过,再经截流分子量为8000的超滤柱超滤,超滤液减压浓缩至相对密度为60℃时1.18的浸膏,静置备用,为组分A;
(2)将步骤(1)乙醇提取过的原料药的药渣加10倍量蒸馏水,加热回流提取3次,每次2h,合并提取液,静置,为组分B;
(3)将组分A和组分B的合并,抽滤,接着减压浓缩至药液浓度为1.02g/mL,接着经大孔吸附树脂柱吸附,用10倍树脂柱体积的丢离子水或蒸馏水洗脱,再用6倍树脂柱体积的无水乙醇洗脱,收集乙醇洗脱液,去除溶剂,得到药粉,装入胶囊,每粒0.6g。
所述的外用药物组合物的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将当归和川芎水蒸气法蒸馏,得到结晶物,为组分A;
(2)取蒸馏后的药渣混合剩余原料加入6倍量的75%乙醇浸泡2h,加热提取3次,每次2h,合并提取液,120目滤过,再经截流分子量为8000的超滤柱超滤,减压浓缩滤液至原体积的1/5,收集浓缩液,为组分B;
(3)在步骤(2)组分B中掺入组分A,减压浓缩至相对密度为70℃时1.2的浸膏,压入无纺布,每帖25g。
实施例3
内服药物组合物:黄连20份,黄芩20份,黄柏15份,酒大黄15份,甘草12份,当归25份,赤芍20份,牡丹皮12份,白头翁20份,金银花30份,葛根20份,秦皮15份,槟郎15份,木香15份;
外用药物组合物:延胡索30份,川芎32份,鸡血藤30份和丹参30份。
所述的内服药物组合物的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将各种原料药去杂,晾干,粉碎成颗粒,加水浸泡2h:将浸泡好的原料置多功能提取罐中加水煎煮3次,第一次加总药材10倍量的水,煎煮2h,取煎液,滤过,第二次加总量5倍量的水,煎煮1.2h,取两次煎液混合,滤过;
(2)将过滤的滤液减压浓缩至70℃时相对密度为1.1的浓缩液,置0-5℃低温冷藏20h;
(3)将冷藏液加硅藻土,过滤,滤液减压浓缩,干燥成粉末,装入胶囊,每粒0.5g。
所述的外用药物组合物的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将当归和川芎水蒸气法蒸馏,得到结晶物,作为组分A备用;
(2)取蒸馏后的药渣混合剩余原料加入6倍量的70%乙醇浸泡1h,加热提取2次,每次1h,合并提取液,120目滤过,再经截流分子量为10000的超滤柱超滤,减压浓缩滤液至原体积的1/3,收集浓缩液,为组分B;
(3)在步骤(2)组分B中掺入组分A,减压浓缩至相对密度为60℃时1.3的浸膏,压入无纺布,每帖20g。
实施例4
内服药物组合物:黄连17份,黄芩18份,黄柏12份,酒大黄13份,甘草11份,当归18份,赤芍18份,牡丹皮10份,白头翁16份,金银花20份,葛根16份,秦皮13份,槟郎13份,木香13份;
外用药物组合物:延胡索20份,川芎25份,鸡血藤20份和丹参20份。
所述的内服药物组合物的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将各种原料药去杂,晾干,粉碎成颗粒,加水浸泡1h:将浸泡好的原料置多功能提取罐中加水煎煮2次,第一次加总药材8倍量的水,煎煮1.5h,取煎液,滤过,第二次加总量3倍量的水,煎煮1h,取两次煎液混合,滤过;
(2)将过滤的滤液减压浓缩至80℃时相对密度为1.2的浓缩液,置0-5℃低温冷藏24h;
(3)将冷藏液加硅藻土,过滤,滤液减压浓缩,干燥成粉末,装入胶囊,每粒0.8g。
所述的外用药物组合物的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将当归和川芎水蒸气法蒸馏,得到结晶物,为组分A;
(2)取蒸馏后的药渣混合剩余原料加入5倍量的80%乙醇浸泡2h,加热提取2次,每次1h,合并提取液,100目滤过,再经截流分子量为6000的超滤柱超滤,减压浓缩滤液至原体积的1/3,收集浓缩液,为组分B;
(3)在步骤(2)组分B中掺入组分A,减压浓缩至相对密度为70℃时1.2,压入无纺布,每帖22g。
临床试验
l、临床资料
1.1一般资料
自2010年至今,共收集100例溃疡性结肠炎患者,其中男性46例,女性54例,年龄35-55岁,平均年龄45岁;病程0.5-5年,病程小于2年者30例,2-3年者36例,3-5年者34例。
1.2疗效判定标准
按照国家中医药管理局2012年最新发布的《中医病证诊断疗效标准》和2002年国家卫生部制定发布的《中药新药临床研究指导原则》的中药新药治疗溃疡性结肠炎的疗效判定标准进行诊断,疗效判定标准为:
痊愈:临床症状消失,肠镜检查粘膜恢复正常,无任何不适症状,停药后观察半年无复发。
显效:临床症状基本消失,肠镜复查示粘膜轻度炎症及部分假息肉形成,不影响正常生活,观察三个月无病情加重。
无效:和治疗前相比,各方面均无明显改善。
2、治疗方法
2.1病例分组
按随机的原则将以上病例分为实验组与对照组。实验组内服外涂组合治疗。本发明治疗组50例,其中男46例,女54例;年龄35-55岁,平均年龄45岁,平均病程2.75年;对照组50例,其中男21例,女29例;年龄38-58岁,平均48岁,平均病程2.7年。两组资料统计分析无差异。
2.2治疗方法
实验组:内服药物:本发明实施例3内服药物组合物,每日2-3次,每次1-2粒,10天一个疗程;外用药物:本发明实施例9外用药物组合物,在大肠腧,上巨虚2个穴位进行涂抹,每天1-2次,每次1-2帖,7天一个疗程。
对照组:局部穴位注射:(1)取穴:大肠腧,上巨虚;(2)注射用药:当归注射液(湖北麦克药业,十堰麦克制药有限公司生产,规格为0.1mL/支),维生素B12注射液(双鹤药业生产,规格为0.05mg/mL);(3)操作方法:用5mL一次性注射器抽取当归注射液4mL和维生素Bl2注射液1mL,充分混匀后备用,选取大肠腧,上巨虚2个穴位,常规消毒后,将注射针斜刺入注射部位,得气后,回抽无血液返流即可缓慢注入药液,每穴注射1-2mL,每日治疗1次,10次为1个疗程。
3、临床试验结果见表1。
表1临床试验结果
组别 | 例数 | 临床痊愈 | 显效 | 无效 | 治愈率(%) | 总有效率(%) |
治疗组 | 50 | 40 | 5 | 5 | 80 | 90 |
对照组 | 50 | 12 | 8 | 30 | 24 | 40 |
两组显效率疗效比较,P<0.05,有显著性差异,表明本发明内服和穴位敷贴治疗溃疡性结肠炎的疗效优于常规治疗方法。
典型病例
1.王某,患者,男,36岁。2010年1月12日以“间断性大便带血半月余”为主诉,入我院治疗。患者半个月前发现大便时带血,下痢赤白色,量不多,腹痛,肛门灼热,口渴烦躁,里急后重,稍腹胀。1天前患者成便血及大便次数增多,呈红色稀便遂来我院就诊。舌质红,苔黄腻,脉滑数。入院查体:T:37.6℃,P:120次/分R:24次/分,BP:116/85mmHg。自发病来,神志清,精神状态良好。诊断为:湿热壅滞,肠络受损,气血瘀滞,传导失司。内服本发明实施例2治疗溃疡性结肠炎的内服药物组合物,每日3次,每次2粒;外用本发明实施例7治疗溃疡性结肠炎的外用药物组合物,在大肠腧、上巨虚2个穴位处贴敷,每天2次,每次1帖。用药一周后后,感觉多数症状减轻,坚持十天后诸症悉除,无任何不适症状,随访半年无复发。
2.姚某,男,42岁,建筑工人,自述2个月前因暴饮暴食,嗜食肥甘厚味,同事聚会,喝酒过多,次日腹痛剧烈,口服6542无效,里急后重,大便赤冻,肛门灼热,小便黄赤,舌红苔黄,脉弦滑。望诊:面色红赤,精神淡漠。诊断:湿热壅滞大肠,气血瘀滞于肠腑。内服本发明实施例1治疗溃疡性结肠炎的内服药物组合物,每日3次,每次1粒;外用本发明实施例9治疗溃疡性结肠炎的外用药物组合物,在大肠腧、上巨虚2个穴位处贴敷,每天1次,每次2帖。用药一周后,患者感觉多数症状减轻,坚持半个月后诸症悉除,追访半年患者,一切正常。
3.孙某,女,55岁,农民,自述患结肠炎5年,大便经常稀,两天前与同村民捕捉河道虾蟹,食后突发腹痛,壮热烦渴,下痢鲜紫脓血,腹痛剧烈,口渴,头痛,舌质红绛,苔黄燥,脉滑数。肠镜检查:粘膜皱襞消失,呈剥脱状,粘膜充血、水肿,粘膜脆性增加易出血,粘膜炎性渗出物增多,血管走向不清。诊断:疫邪热毒,壅滞肠中,燔灼气血。内服本发明实施例4治疗溃疡性结肠炎的内服药物组合物,每日3次,每次2粒;外用本发明实施例8治疗溃疡性结肠炎的外用药物组合物,在大肠腧,上巨虚2个穴位处进行贴敷,每天1次,每次1帖。用药一周后,下痢脓血减少,烦躁基本消失,坚持一个月后诸症悉除,两个月后肠镜复查,粘膜恢复正常,炎性渗出物消失。随访六个月无复发。
4.周某,女,54岁,退休教师,患者于半年前开始出现腹痛泻痢,时值夏秋冬换季,突然发作。主诉:头昏,乏力,口渴咽干,腹痛,里急后重,便血,色紫红,肛门灼热。诊断:感受暑湿之邪,邪热疫毒壅滞肠腹,气血燔灼。内服本发明实施例5治疗溃疡性结肠炎的内服药物组合物,每日3次、每次1粒;外用本发明实施例10治疗溃疡性结肠炎的外用药物组合物,在大肠腧,上巨虚2个穴位处进行贴敷,每天1次,每次2帖。用药一周后,感觉多数症状减轻,坚持一个月后腹痛泻痢未再发作,其他诸症亦渐消失。追访半年,一切情况良好,未见复发。
Claims (9)
1.一种治疗溃疡性结肠炎的中药组合物,包括黄连15-20份,黄芩10-20份,黄柏10-15份等中药。
2.一种治疗溃疡性结肠炎的中药组合物,包括延胡索和川芎等中药。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的治疗溃疡性结肠炎的中药组合物,由内服药物组合物和外用药物组合物组成。
4.根据权利要求1-3所述的治疗溃疡性结肠炎的中药组合物,其特征在于,由内服药物组合物和外用药物组合物组成,所述内服药物组合物由以下重量份数的原料药制成:黄连15-20份,黄芩10-20份,黄柏10-15份,酒大黄10-15份,甘草10-12份,当归15-25份,赤芍15-20份,牡丹皮10-12份,白头翁15-20份,金银花15-30份,葛根15-20份,秦皮10-15份,槟郎10-15份,木香10-15份;
所述外用药物组合物由以下重量份数的原料药制成:延胡索10-30份,川芎10-32份,鸡血藤10-30份和丹参10-30份。
5.根据权利要求4所述的治疗溃疡性结肠炎的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述内服药物组合物由以下重量份数的原料药制成:黄连18份,黄芩15份,黄柏12份,酒大黄12份,甘草10份,当归20份,赤芍18份,牡丹皮11份,白头翁18份,金银花25份,葛根18份,秦皮12份,槟郎12份,木香12份。
6.根据权利要求1所述的治疗溃疡性结肠炎的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述外用药物组合物由以下重量份数的原料药制成:延胡索25份,川芎30份,鸡血藤25份和丹参25份。
7.根据权利要求1-6所述的治疗溃疡性结肠炎的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述的内服药物组合物的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)取原料药加入5-6倍量的乙醇中浸泡1.5-2h,加热提取2-3次,每次1.5-2h,合并提取液,然后100-140目滤过,再经截流分子量为5000-10000的超滤柱超滤,超滤液减压浓缩至相对密度为60-70℃时1.15-1.2的浸膏,静置备用,为组分A;
(2)将步骤(1)乙醇提取过的原料药的药渣加8-12倍量蒸馏水,加热回流提取2-3次,每次1-2h,合并提取液,静置,为组分B;
(3)将组分A和组分B的合并,抽滤,接着减压浓缩至药液浓度为1.0-1.1g/mL,接着经大孔吸附树脂柱吸附,用8-12倍树脂柱体积的蒸馏水洗脱,再用5-6倍树脂柱体积的无水乙醇洗脱,收集乙醇洗脱液,去除溶剂,得到药粉,装入胶囊,每粒0.5-1.0g。
8.根据权利要求1-6所述的治疗溃疡性结肠炎的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述的内服药物组合物的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将各种原料药去杂,晾干,粉碎成颗粒,加水浸泡1-2h;将浸泡好的原料置多功能提取罐中加水煎煮2-3次,第一次加总药材8-10倍量的水,煎煮1.5-2h,取煎液,滤过,第二次加总量3-5倍量的水,煎煮1-1.2h,取两次煎液混合,滤过;
(2)将过滤的滤液减压浓缩至70-80℃时相对密度为1.1-1.2的浓缩液,置0-5℃冷藏20-24h;
(3)将步骤(2)冷藏液加硅藻土,过滤,滤液减压浓缩,干燥成粉末,装入胶囊,每粒0.5-1.0g。
9.根据权利要求1-6所述的治疗溃疡性结肠炎的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述的外用药物组合物的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将当归和川芎水蒸气法蒸馏,得到结晶物,为组分A;
(2)取蒸馏后的药渣混合剩余原料加入5-6倍量的60-80%乙醇浸泡1-2h,加热提取2-3次,每次1-2h,合并提取液,100-120目滤过,再经截流分子量为5000-10000的超滤柱超滤,减压浓缩滤液至原体积的1/5-1/3,收集浓缩液,为组分B;
(3)在步骤(2)组分B中掺入组分A,减压浓缩至相对密度为60-70℃时1.1-1.3的浸膏,压入无纺布,每帖20-25g。
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