CN105582431A - 儿科护理用治疗百日咳的糖丸及其制备方法 - Google Patents
儿科护理用治疗百日咳的糖丸及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种儿科护理用治疗百日咳的糖丸，主要由下列原料药制备而成，均为重量份：一枝黄花3-9，相思藤3-9，金银花6-10，甘草2-8，竹叶6-10，知母3-6，八角莲4-9，枇杷叶10-18，百部3-9，雪梨3-9，苹果6-12，川贝4-10，灵芝3-6，款冬花12-17。本组方完全符合中医药原则和小儿百日咳、肺炎患者身心特点，在总原则的前提下，可根据不同人群有不同组方，功能不同，最主要的是能起到清营泻火、止咳祛痰的功效。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中医中药领域，特别是涉及一种儿科护理用治疗百日咳的糖丸及其制备方法。
背景技术
百日咳是一种由百日咳杆菌引起的急性呼吸道传染病，自从广泛实施百日咳菌苗免疫接种后，本病的发生率已经大为减少。百日咳的临床特征为咳嗽逐渐加重，呈典型的阵发性、痉挛性咳嗽，咳嗽终末出现深长的鸡啼样吸气性吼声，病程长达2～3个月，故有百日咳之称。
病因：1.病原体：一般由百日咳鲍特杆菌(简称百日咳杆菌)感染所引起，同属的支气管败血症鲍特杆菌和副百日咳鲍特杆菌亦可引起。百日咳鲍特杆菌是革兰阴性杆菌，可产生一些致病物质，包括百日咳毒素、气管细胞毒素、腺苷酸环化酶毒素、不耐热毒素以及内毒素等。百日咳毒素可使患者淋巴组织中的淋巴细胞动员到周围血液及气管，细胞毒素可特异性损伤气管纤毛上皮细胞，使之变性、坏死。2.流行病学：百日咳患者、隐性感染者及带菌者为传染源。潜伏期末到病后2～3周传染性最强。百日咳经呼吸道飞沫传播，5岁以下小儿易感性最高，小儿预防注射10年后百日咳感染率与未接种者无区别。
临床表现：1.潜伏期：潜伏期5～21天，一般7～14天。2.分期典型患者全病程6～8周，临床病程可分为3期：(1)卡他期从发病开始至出现痉咳，一般1～2周。开始症状类似感冒，除咳嗽外，可有流涕、喷嚏、低热，也可只有干咳。当其他症状逐渐消失时，咳嗽反而加重，日轻夜重，渐呈痉咳状。(2)痉咳期一般为2～4周或更久(数天至2个多月)。阵发性、痉挛性咳嗽为本期特点。发作时咳嗽成串出现，咳十余声或数十声，直到咳出痰液或吐出胃内容物，紧跟着深长吸气，发出鸡鸣样吸气吼声。咳嗽剧烈时，可有大、小便失禁，双手握拳屈肘、双眼圆睁、面红耳赤、涕泪交流，头向前倾、张口伸舌、唇色发绀等，表情极其痛苦。轻者一日数次，重者一日数十次，以夜间为多。当奔跑、进食、受凉、烟熏、哭吵等均可诱发。发作前一般无明显预兆。(3)恢复期一般1～2周，咳嗽发作次数减少，程度减轻，不再出现阵发性痉咳。但若遇到浓烟等刺激，或有呼吸道感染时，可以重复出现阵发性痉咳。3.新生儿和幼婴儿百日咳新生儿和幼婴儿常无典型痉咳，往往咳嗽数声后即出现屏气发绀，易致窒息、惊厥。呼吸动作可停止在呼气期，心率先增快，继而减慢乃至停止。若不及时行人工呼吸、给氧等积极抢救，可窒息死亡。4.成人百日咳：近年来青少年和成人百日咳有增多趋势。一组经细菌培养证实的成人百日咳，平均年龄为35岁，有典型症状与痉咳后呕吐，但也可仅有数周干咳，罕有并发症。多数患者仍可坚持工作，本人虽无多大痛苦，但可作为传染源，尤其威胁小儿，应予重视。
与西医西药相比较而言，通过中医治疗，毒副作用较轻，更易受到广大医务工作者和患者朋友的青睐。授权公告号CN102784380B(申请号201210313839.1)的中国专利文献提供了一种治疗百日咳的中药，其特征是由下列重量配比的药材制成的中药制剂：麻黄6-10份、苹果15-20份、白芍15-20份、白术10-15份、相思藤20-30份、丹皮10-15份、白芷10-15份、炒苍耳子10-12份、细辛3-5份、炒苦杏仁10-12份、桔梗10-15份、黄芩10-12份、干姜10-15份、徐长卿10-15份、车前子15-20份。授权公告号CN103007045B(申请号201210557582.4)的中国专利文献涉及一种治疗小儿百日咳的中药制剂，其特征在于该中药制剂由以下重量份的中药制成：通光散3-5份、大九股牛2-4份、小叶枇杷3-5份、独叶一枝花3-5份、树头发4-6份、山白菊5-7份、苹果4-6份、万丈深4-6份、款冬花2-4份、川贝母4-6份、山矾花5-7份、前胡6-8份、地骨皮5-7份、甘草3-5份。虽然现有技术中提供的药物在治疗小儿百日咳上或多或少都具有一些疗效，但部分组方或多或少会给患者的胃肠、肝肾带来一定的毒副作用，不仅如此现有的技术都没有清营泻火的功效。总的说来，目前对于小儿百日咳的治疗尚无理想确切的中药治疗药物。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足，本发明的目的是提供一种制备简单、服用方便、便于携带、易久服的儿科护理用治疗百日咳的糖丸及制备方法，该散剂疗效确切且无毒副作用。
本发明的技术方案是：
儿科护理用治疗百日咳的糖丸，主要由下列原料药制备而成，均为重量份：一枝黄花3-9，相思藤3-9，金银花6-10，甘草2-8，竹叶6-10，知母3-6，八角莲4-9，枇杷叶10-18，百部3-9，雪梨3-9，苹果6-12，川贝4-10，灵芝3-6，款冬花12-17。
前面所述的儿科护理用治疗百日咳的糖丸，优选的方案是，主要由下列原料药制备而成，均为重量份：一枝黄花5-7，相思藤5-7，金银花7-9，甘草4-6，竹叶4-6，知母4-5，八角莲6-8，枇杷叶12-16，百部5-7，雪梨5-7，苹果8-10，川贝6-8，灵芝4-5，款冬花13-15。
前面所述的儿科护理用治疗百日咳的糖丸，更佳优选的方案是，主要由下列原料药制备而成，均为重量份：一枝黄花6，相思藤6，金银花8，甘草5，竹叶5，知母4.5，八角莲7，枇杷叶14，百部6，雪梨6，苹果9，川贝7，灵芝4.5，款冬花14。
所述儿科护理用治疗百日咳的糖丸的制备方法是：
(1)将雪梨和苹果去皮洗净，切成指甲盖大小的块，放入榨汁机中加淡盐水，榨2-6分钟后，取出混合汁液待用；
(2)将一枝黄花、相思藤、金银花、甘草、竹叶、知母和八角莲置于蒸笼上，蒸制17-26分钟，取出摊平，通风晾干，置于透明的容器内，加入米醋，米醋的重量是一枝黄花、相思藤、金银花、甘草、竹叶、知母和八角莲总重量的2-4倍，浸泡28-34分钟，炒制酥脆，研磨成细末，过80-120目筛待用；
(3)将枇杷叶、百部、川贝、灵芝和款冬花置于80-100℃的热水中浸泡，浸泡至室温，过滤，再次向滤渣内加水，大火煮沸，转小火慢煨24-34分钟，过滤，滤液待用；
(4)将步骤(2)所得细末置于步骤(3)所得滤液中混匀，将混合好的原料药煎煮7-12分钟加入步骤(1)所得混合汁液，一边煎煮一边搅拌成稠膏，加总稠膏量0.3-0.7倍重量的白砂糖和总稠膏量1-2倍的蜂蜜搅匀，反复揉搓，均匀后，搓成药条，切段成块，揉成糖丸。
上述糖丸的制备方法，步骤(1)放入榨汁机中加淡盐水，榨3-5分钟后(优选放入榨汁机中加淡盐水，榨4分钟后)。
上述糖丸的制备方法，步骤(2)蒸制20-23分钟(优选蒸制22分钟)。
上述糖丸的制备方法，步骤(2)米醋的重量是一枝黄花、相思藤、金银花、甘草、竹叶、知母和八角莲总重量的2.5-3.5倍，浸泡30-32分钟(优选米醋的重量是一枝黄花、相思藤、金银花、甘草、竹叶、知母和八角莲总重量的3倍，浸泡31分钟)。
上述糖丸的制备方法，步骤(3)将枇杷叶、百部、川贝、灵芝和款冬花置于85-95℃的热水中浸泡(优选将枇杷叶、百部、川贝、灵芝和款冬花置于90℃的热水中浸泡)。
上述糖丸的制备方法，步骤(3)大火煮沸，转小火慢煨28-30分钟(优选大火煮沸，转小火慢煨29分钟)。
上述糖丸的制备方法，步骤(4)加总稠膏量0.4-0.6倍重量的白砂糖和总稠膏量1.3-1.8倍的蜂蜜搅匀(优选的加总稠膏量0.5倍重量的白砂糖和总稠膏量1.5倍的蜂蜜搅匀)。
服用方法：为使本发明达到最佳效果，服用时，每次1-3粒，每天3次，温开水送服，3天一个疗程。
本发明所用主要中药原料的药理如下：
一枝黄花：为菊科一枝黄花属植物一枝黄花的全草或根。成分：地上部分含皂苷类成分：一枝黄花苷，毛果一枝黄花皂苷3即3，一枝黄花属皂苷，加拿大一枝黄花皂苷，巨大一枝黄花皂苷，远志酸的三萜苷等。药性：辛、苦，凉。功用主治：疏风清热，解毒消肿。主治风热感冒，咽喉肿痛，肺热咳嗽，黄疸，热淋，痈肿疮疖，毒蛇咬伤，跌打损伤。
相思藤：为豆科相思子属植物相思子的茎叶。成分：相思子叶中含有三萜皂苷：相思子三萜苷A、B、C、D。黄酮类：5，7，4’-三羟基黄烷苷，花旗松树-3-葡萄糖苷，甘草甜素，又含相思子内脂A，等。药性：《广西中草药》：“味甘，性平。”功用主治：清热解毒，利尿。主治感冒，咽喉肿痛，肺热咳嗽，乳痈，疮疖，肝炎。
金银花：金银花性寒，味甘，入肺、心、胃经，具有清热解毒、抗炎、补虚疗风的功效，主治胀满下疾、温病发热，热毒痈疡和肿瘤等症。其对于头昏头晕、口干作渴、多汗烦闷、肠炎、菌痢、麻疹、肺炎、乙脑、流脑、急性乳腺炎、败血症、阑尾炎、皮肤感染、痈疽疔疮、丹毒、腮腺炎、化脓性扁桃体炎等病症均有一定疗效。
甘草：豆科、甘草属多年生草本，根与根状茎粗壮，是一种补益中草药。对人体很好的一种药，药用部位是根及根茎，药材性状根呈圆柱形，长25～100厘米，直径0.6～3.5厘米。外皮松紧不一，表面红棕色或灰棕色。根茎呈圆柱形，表面有芽痕，断面中部有髓。气微，味甜而特殊。功能主治清热解毒、祛痰止咳、脘腹等。
竹叶：竹叶提取物高度浓缩了黄酮类化合物和香豆素类内酯营养素，具有良好的抗自由基能力；其抗衰老，抗疲劳和免疫调节作用与松花粉相当；降血脂和血胆固醇作用与银杏叶提取物相近；抗菌，消炎和抗病毒作用与茶多酚相似；具有调节血脂的保健功能，可有效保护人体健康。
八角莲：为小檗科八角莲属植物八角莲、六角莲和川八角莲的根及根茎。成分：1.八角莲根茎含木脂素：鬼臼毒素，鬼臼苦素；黄酮类：山荷叶素山奈酚，槲皮素等。2.六角莲根茎含木脂素：鬼臼毒素，去氢鬼臼毒素，鬼臼毒酮等。3.川八角莲根含去氧鬼臼毒素，β-盾叶鬼臼素，鬼臼毒素，山奈酚-3-β-D-葡萄糖苷，葡萄糖，蔗糖及β-谷甾醇。药性：苦、辛，温。有毒。归肺、肝经。功用主治：化痰解毒，祛瘀散结。主治咳嗽，咽喉肿痛，瘰疬，瘿瘤，无名肿痛，带状疱疹，毒蛇咬伤，跌打损伤，风湿痹痛。
枇杷叶：1、镇咳、祛痰、平喘作用，本品所含苦杏仁甙在体内水解产生的氢氰酸有止咳作用.水煎剂或乙酸乙酯提取物有祛痰和平喘作用.其叶所含之挥发油有轻度祛痰作用.亦有报告指出，枇杷叶止咳作用强，祛痰作用较差.2、抗菌作用实验表明：本品水煎剂或乙酸乙酯提取物对白色或金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎双球菌、福氏痢疾杆菌均有抗菌作用.但有人认为，枇杷叶无抗菌作用，并能刺激金黄色葡萄球菌的生长.3、其他作用有报告指出，枇杷叶乙醇冷浸提取物对大鼠角叉菜胶所致足肿胀局部用药有抗炎作用，温浸提取物局部用药或灌胃给药、冷浸提取物灌胃给药均无抗炎作用。
知母：该种干燥根状茎为著名中药，性苦寒，有滋阴降火、润燥滑肠、利大小便之效。属清热下火药，主治：温热病、高热烦渴、咳嗽气喘、燥咳、便秘、骨蒸潮热、虚烦不眠、消渴淋浊。
百部：1、止咳化痰。古人多用百部治疗久咳，痰多，因久咳者肺气素虚，百步可根据寒热分别调理止咳化痰。风寒咳嗽则佐以生姜；肺热咳嗽则和蜜。用于肺结核、长期咳嗽、肺痨咳嗽、百日咳、哮喘等症。2、温润肺气。肺气上逆则气喘咳嗽，百部苦而下泄，善降气，所以能够下气散肺热，主温肺。用于肺寒咳嗽、肺结核等症。3、散热解表。百部润而不燥，能开泄降气，清肺热而解表，用于皮肤疥癣、湿疹、牛皮癣、遍身黄肿、皮炎、湿疹等症。
雪梨：它药用能治风热、润肺、凉心、消痰、降火、解毒。医学研究证明，梨确有润肺清燥、止咳化痰、养血生肌的作用。因此对急性气管炎和上呼吸道感染的患者出现的咽喉干、痒、痛、音哑、痰稠、便秘、尿赤、祛痰均有良效。梨又有降低血压和养阴清热的效果，所以高血压、肝炎、肝硬化病人常吃梨有好处。味甘性寒，具生津润燥、清热化痰、养血生肌之功效，特别适合秋天食用。
苹果：苹果中所含的纤维素能使大肠内的粪便变软；苹果含有丰富的有机酸，可刺激胃肠蠕动，促使大便通畅。另一方面苹果中含有果胶，又能抑制肠道不正常的蠕动，使消化活动减慢，从而抑制轻度腹泻。临床使用证明，让精神压抑患者嗅苹果香气后，心境大有好转，精神轻松愉快，压抑感消失。实验还证明，失眠患者在入睡前嗅苹果香味，能使人较快安静入睡。
川贝：川贝有润肺止咳化痰平喘，清热化痰的功效，用于热症咳嗽，如风热咳嗽、燥热咳嗽、肺火咳嗽。川贝有镇咳作用、祛痰作用、有降压作用、有一定的抗菌作用。主治：用于肺虚、久咳、虚劳咳嗽、燥热咳嗽、干咳少痰、咯痰带血、肺痈、瘰疬、痈肿、乳痈。
灵芝：灵芝又称林中灵、琼珍(学名：GanodermaLucidumKarst)，以林中生长的灵芝最佳。外形呈伞状，菌盖肾形、半圆形或近圆形，为多孔菌科真菌灵芝的子实体。具有补气安神、止咳平喘的功效，用于眩晕不眠、心悸气短、神经衰弱、虚劳咳喘，延年益寿。
款冬花：为菊科植物款冬TussilagofarfaraL.的干燥花蕾。分布于东北、华北、华东、西北和湖北、湖南、江西、贵州、云南、西藏等地。具有润肺下气，止咳化痰之功效。常用于新久咳嗽，喘咳痰多，劳嗽咳血。
本发明提供的中药组合物组方科学，其剂型的制备方法简单，所得产品服用方便、便于携带。除此之外，本发明的优良效果还表现在：
1、所选材料皆为传统中药材料，无任何毒副作用；
2、本组方完全符合中医药原则和小儿百日咳、肺炎患者身心特点，在总原则的前提下，可根据不同人群有不同组方，功能不同，最主要的是能起到清营泻火、止咳祛痰的功效。
3、药源易得，药材成本低廉，能够减轻患者负担。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例和实验例详细说明本发明的技术方案，但保护范围不限于此。
实施例1：儿科护理用治疗百日咳的糖丸，主要由下列原料药制备而成，均为重量份(每份5g)：一枝黄花3，相思藤3，金银花6，甘草2，竹叶6，知母3，八角莲4，枇杷叶10，百部3，竹茹3，苹果6，川贝4，灵芝3，款冬花12。
上述儿科护理用治疗百日咳的糖丸的制备方法：
(1)将雪梨和苹果去皮洗净，切成指甲盖大小的块，放入榨汁机中加淡盐水，榨2分钟后，取出混合汁液待用；
(2)将一枝黄花、相思藤、金银花、甘草、竹叶、知母和八角莲置于蒸笼上，蒸制17分钟，取出摊平，通风晾干，置于透明的容器内，加入米醋，米醋的重量是一枝黄花、相思藤、金银花、甘草、竹叶、知母和八角莲总重量的2倍，浸泡28分钟，炒制酥脆，研磨成细末，过80目筛待用；
(3)将枇杷叶、百部、川贝、灵芝和款冬花置于80℃的热水中浸泡，浸泡至室温，过滤，再次向滤渣内加水，大火煮沸，转小火慢煨24分钟，过滤，滤液待用；
(4)将步骤(2)所得细末置于步骤(3)所得滤液中混匀，将混合好的原料药煎煮7分钟加入步骤(1)所得混合汁液，一边煎煮一边搅拌成稠膏，加总稠膏量0.3倍重量的白砂糖和总稠膏量1倍的蜂蜜搅匀，反复揉搓，均匀后，搓成药条，切段成块，揉成糖丸。
实施例2：儿科护理用治疗百日咳的糖丸，主要由下列原料药制备而成，均为重量份(每份10g)：一枝黄花9，相思藤9，金银花10，甘草8，竹叶10，知母6，八角莲9，枇杷叶18，百部9，竹茹9，苹果12，川贝10，灵芝6，款冬花17。
上述儿科护理用治疗百日咳的糖丸的制备方法是：
(1)将雪梨和苹果去皮洗净，切成指甲盖大小的块，放入榨汁机中加淡盐水，榨6分钟后，取出混合汁液待用；
(2)将一枝黄花、相思藤、金银花、甘草、竹叶、知母和八角莲置于蒸笼上，蒸制26分钟，取出摊平，通风晾干，置于透明的容器内，加入米醋，米醋的重量是一枝黄花、相思藤、金银花、甘草、竹叶、知母和八角莲总重量的4倍，浸泡34分钟，炒制酥脆，研磨成细末，过120目筛待用；
(3)将枇杷叶、百部、川贝、灵芝和款冬花置于100℃的热水中浸泡，浸泡至室温，过滤，再次向滤渣内加水，大火煮沸，转小火慢煨34分钟，过滤，滤液待用；
(4)将步骤(2)所得细末置于步骤(3)所得滤液中混匀，将混合好的原料药煎煮12分钟加入步骤(1)所得混合汁液，一边煎煮一边搅拌成稠膏，加总稠膏量0.7倍重量的白砂糖和总稠膏量2倍的蜂蜜搅匀，反复揉搓，均匀后，搓成药条，切段成块，揉成糖丸。
实施例3：儿科护理用治疗百日咳的糖丸，主要由下列原料药制备而成，均为重量份(每份15g)：一枝黄花5，相思藤5，金银花7，甘草4，竹叶4，知母4，八角莲6，枇杷叶12，百部5，竹茹5，苹果8，川贝6，灵芝4，款冬花13。
上述儿科护理用治疗百日咳的糖丸的制备方法是：
(1)将雪梨和苹果去皮洗净，切成指甲盖大小的块，放入榨汁机中加淡盐水，榨3分钟后，取出混合汁液待用；
(2)将一枝黄花、相思藤、金银花、甘草、竹叶、知母和八角莲置于蒸笼上，蒸制20分钟，取出摊平，通风晾干，置于透明的容器内，加入米醋，米醋的重量是一枝黄花、相思藤、金银花、甘草、竹叶、知母和八角莲总重量的2.5倍，浸泡30分钟，炒制酥脆，研磨成细末，过90目筛待用；
(3)将枇杷叶、百部、川贝、灵芝和款冬花置于85℃的热水中浸泡，浸泡至室温，过滤，再次向滤渣内加水，大火煮沸，转小火慢煨28分钟，过滤，滤液待用；
(4)将步骤(2)所得细末置于步骤(3)所得滤液中混匀，将混合好的原料药煎煮9分钟加入步骤(1)所得混合汁液，一边煎煮一边搅拌成稠膏，加总稠膏量0.4倍重量的白砂糖和总稠膏量1.3倍的蜂蜜搅匀，反复揉搓，均匀后，搓成药条，切段成块，揉成糖丸。
实施例4：儿科护理用治疗百日咳的糖丸，主要由下列原料药制备而成，均为重量份(每份20g)：一枝黄花7，相思藤7，金银花9，甘草6，竹叶6，知母5，八角莲8，枇杷叶16，百部7，竹茹7，苹果10，川贝8，灵芝5，款冬花15。
上述儿科护理用治疗百日咳的糖丸的制备方法是：
(1)将雪梨和苹果去皮洗净，切成指甲盖大小的块，放入榨汁机中加淡盐水，榨5分钟后，取出混合汁液待用；
(2)将一枝黄花、相思藤、金银花、甘草、竹叶、知母和八角莲置于蒸笼上，蒸制23分钟，取出摊平，通风晾干，置于透明的容器内，加入米醋，米醋的重量是一枝黄花、相思藤、金银花、甘草、竹叶、知母和八角莲总重量的3.5倍，浸泡32分钟，炒制酥脆，研磨成细末，过110目筛待用；
(3)将枇杷叶、百部、川贝、灵芝和款冬花置于95℃的热水中浸泡，浸泡至室温，过滤，再次向滤渣内加水，大火煮沸，转小火慢煨32分钟，过滤，滤液待用；
(4)将步骤(2)所得细末置于步骤(3)所得滤液中混匀，将混合好的原料药煎煮11分钟加入步骤(1)所得混合汁液，一边煎煮一边搅拌成稠膏，加总稠膏量0.6倍重量的白砂糖和总稠膏量1.8倍的蜂蜜搅匀，反复揉搓，均匀后，搓成药条，切段成块，揉成糖丸。
实施例5：儿科护理用治疗百日咳的糖丸，主要由下列原料药制备而成，均为重量份(每份30g)：一枝黄花6，相思藤6，金银花8，甘草5，竹叶5，知母4.5，八角莲7，枇杷叶14，百部6，雪梨6，苹果9，川贝7，灵芝4.5，款冬花14。
上述儿科护理用治疗百日咳的糖丸的制备方法是：
(1)将雪梨和苹果去皮洗净，切成指甲盖大小的块，放入榨汁机中加淡盐水，榨4分钟后，取出混合汁液待用；
(2)将一枝黄花、相思藤、金银花、甘草、竹叶、知母和八角莲置于蒸笼上，蒸制22分钟，取出摊平，通风晾干，置于透明的容器内，加入米醋，米醋的重量是一枝黄花、相思藤、金银花、甘草、竹叶、知母和八角莲总重量的3倍，浸泡31分钟，炒制酥脆，研磨成细末，过100目筛待用；
(3)将枇杷叶、百部、川贝、灵芝和款冬花置于90℃的热水中浸泡，浸泡至室温，过滤，再次向滤渣内加水，大火煮沸，转小火慢煨30分钟，过滤，滤液待用；
(4)将步骤(2)所得细末置于步骤(3)所得滤液中混匀，将混合好的原料药煎煮10分钟加入步骤(1)所得混合汁液，一边煎煮一边搅拌成稠膏，加总稠膏量0.5倍重量的白砂糖和总稠膏量1.5倍的蜂蜜搅匀，反复揉搓，均匀后，搓成药条，切段成块，揉成糖丸。
试验例1实施例5所得儿科护理用治疗百日咳的糖丸的临床应用：2010年9月-2015年1月，在3所二级甲等医院筛选300例小儿百日咳患者，其中女孩162例，男孩138例。试验之前，对该人群进行连续观察，记录症状及变化，随机分为两组，实验组及对照组，实验组服用实施例5所得产品，对照组服用其它药品。
使用方法为：为使本发明达到最佳效果，服用时，每次1-3粒，每天3次，温开水送服，3天一个疗程。
疗效情况判定标准：治愈：服用本品后，不适症状消失；有效：服用本品后，不适症状减轻或部分消失；无效：服用本品后，不适症状无变化。结果如表1所示。
表1：
使用本发明糖丸在治疗小儿百日咳上，效果显著，经临床试验证明有效率为95％，治愈率为90％，不仅能够缓解小儿百日咳发作时的症状，还能彻底治疗小儿百日咳并起到清营泻火、止咳化痰的作用，因此，本发明糖丸是一种疗效全面的治疗小儿百日咳止咳化热的药物。
Claims (10)
1.儿科护理用治疗百日咳的糖丸，其特征在于：主要由下列原料药制备而成，均为重量份：一枝黄花3-9，相思藤3-9，金银花6-10，甘草2-8，竹叶6-10，知母3-6，八角莲4-9，枇杷叶10-18，百部3-9，雪梨3-9，苹果6-12，川贝4-10，灵芝3-6，款冬花12-17。
2.根据权利要求1所述的儿科护理用治疗百日咳的糖丸，其特征在于：主要由下列原料药制备而成，均为重量份：一枝黄花5-7，相思藤5-7，金银花7-9，甘草4-6，竹叶4-6，知母4-5，八角莲6-8，枇杷叶12-16，百部5-7，雪梨5-7，苹果8-10，川贝6-8，灵芝4-5，款冬花13-15。
3.根据权利要求1所述的儿科护理用治疗百日咳的糖丸，其特征在于：主要由下列原料药制备而成，均为重量份：一枝黄花6，相思藤6，金银花8，甘草5，竹叶5，知母4.5，八角莲7，枇杷叶14，百部6，雪梨6，苹果9，川贝7，灵芝4.5，款冬花14。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的儿科护理用治疗百日咳的糖丸的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤如下：
(1)将雪梨和苹果去皮洗净，切成指甲盖大小的块，放入榨汁机中加淡盐水，榨2-6分钟后，取出混合汁液待用；
(2)将一枝黄花、相思藤、金银花、甘草、竹叶、知母和八角莲置于蒸笼上，蒸制17-26分钟，取出摊平，通风晾干，置于透明的容器内，加入米醋，米醋的重量是一枝黄花、相思藤、金银花、甘草、竹叶、知母和八角莲总重量的2-4倍，浸泡28-34分钟，炒制酥脆，研磨成细末，过80-120目筛待用；
(3)将枇杷叶、百部、川贝、灵芝和款冬花置于80-100℃的热水中浸泡，浸泡至室温，过滤，再次向滤渣内加水，大火煮沸，转小火慢煨24-34分钟，过滤，滤液待用；
(4)将步骤(2)所得细末置于步骤(3)所得滤液中混匀，将混合好的原料药煎煮7-12分钟加入步骤(1)所得混合汁液，一边煎煮一边搅拌成稠膏，加总稠膏量0.3-0.7倍重量的白砂糖和总稠膏量1-2倍的蜂蜜搅匀，反复揉搓，均匀后，搓成药条，切段成块，揉成糖丸。
5.根据权利要求4所述糖丸的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(1)放入榨汁机中加淡盐水，榨3-5分钟后(优选放入榨汁机中加淡盐水，榨4分钟后)。
6.根据权利要求4所述糖丸的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(2)蒸制20-23分钟(优选蒸制22分钟)。
7.根据权利要求4所述糖丸的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(2)米醋的重量是一枝黄花、相思藤、金银花、甘草、竹叶、知母和八角莲总重量的2.5-3.5倍，浸泡30-32分钟(优选米醋的重量是一枝黄花、相思藤、金银花、甘草、竹叶、知母和八角莲总重量的3倍，浸泡31分钟)。
8.根据权利要求4所述糖丸的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(3)将枇杷叶、百部、川贝、灵芝和款冬花置于85-95℃的热水中浸泡(优选将枇杷叶、百部、川贝、灵芝和款冬花置于90℃的热水中浸泡)。
9.根据权利要求4所述糖丸的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(3)大火煮沸，转小火慢煨28-30分钟(优选大火煮沸，转小火慢煨29分钟)。
10.根据权利要求4所述糖丸的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(4)加总稠膏量0.4-0.6倍重量的白砂糖和总稠膏量1.3-1.8倍的蜂蜜搅匀(优选的加总稠膏量0.5倍重量的白砂糖和总稠膏量1.5倍的蜂蜜搅匀)。
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