具体实施方式:
下面结合实施例进一步阐述本发明的内容,但这些实施例并不限制本发明的保护范围。各氨基葡萄糖衍生物阳离子脂质体的合成路线如图1所示,各氨基葡萄糖衍生物阳离子脂质体的代号与相应的化学结构分别在表1中列出。
实施例1. 氨基葡萄糖衍生物阳离子脂质体di-C12-GluNAc-TMA纳米颗粒的制备:
向250 mL单口圆底烧瓶中,加入氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐(6.0
g,27.9 mmol)、无水吡啶(60.0
mL)和乙酸酐(30.0 mL)。反应混合物在室温下搅拌过夜,TLC(石油醚 : 乙酸乙酯 = 1 : 4,体积比)监测反应。反应结束后,反应混和液用二氯甲烷(200.0
mL)溶解,然后依次用水、饱和碳酸氢钠溶液和水洗涤,有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩,用石油醚和乙酸乙酯混合液重结晶,真空干燥得白色固体1,
3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧- D-吡喃葡萄糖(8.1 g,72%).
向100 mL单口圆底烧瓶中,依次加入1,
3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧- D-吡喃葡萄糖 (3.0 g,7.4 mmol),四氢呋喃(40.0 mL),甲醇(10.0 mL)。磁力搅拌下通入氨气至饱和,室温下搅拌反应大约40 min,TLC (石油醚 : 乙酸乙酯 = 1 : 4,体积比) 监测。反应完全后,用旋转蒸发器常温脱除氨气,再升温浓缩得浆状物。浆状物经柱层析分离纯化(洗脱剂:石油醚 : 乙酸乙酯 = 1 : 1),真空干燥,得到无色浆状物3,4,6-三-O-乙酰基-2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-D-吡喃葡萄糖 (1.8 g,67.0%).
向50 mL单口烧瓶中,依次加入3,4,6-三-O-乙酰基-2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1.2 g,3.4 mmol)、无水二氯甲烷(25.0 mL)、无水碳酸钾(2.5 g)和三氯乙腈(1.4 mL)。常温下搅拌反应3 h,TLC(石油醚 : 乙酸乙酯 = 1 : 3,体积比)监测反应至原料基本消失。将反应混合液过滤,浓缩,柱层析分离纯化(洗脱剂:石油醚 : 乙酸乙酯 = 1 : 1),真空干燥得到黄色粉末状固体3,4,6-三-O-乙酰基-2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖三氯乙酰亚胺酯(1.2 g,70.4%).
向50 mL单口烧瓶中,依次加入3,4,6-三-O-乙酰基-2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖三氯乙酰亚胺酯 (3.3 g,6.73
mmol),60oC水浴真空干燥2 h后,加入新活化的分子筛(2.0 g),3-氯-1-丙醇(1.8 mL, 6.73 mmol)和无水DCM(30.0
mL)。反应混合物在氮气保护下搅拌反应,降温至-20oC后,加入TMSOTf (75.0 μL,
0.4 mmol),自然升温至室温。TLC (石油醚 : 乙酸乙酯 = 1 : 4,体积比)监测反应至原料点完全消失。滴加三乙胺 (0.2 mL),过滤,水洗,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩得浆状物。浆状物经过柱层析分离纯化(洗脱剂:石油醚 : 乙酸乙酯 = 1 : 1,体积比),得到白色粉末状固体白色固体3’-氯丙基 3,4,6-三-O-乙酰基-2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(1.2 g,42.1%)。1H NMR
(500 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 5.49 (d,
1 H, J N-H,H-2= 9.0 Hz, NHAc), 5.20 (dd, 1 H, J 3,2
= 10.5 Hz, J 3,4 = 9.5 Hz, H-3), 5.07 (dd, 1 H, J 4,3
= J 4,5 = 9.5 Hz, H-4), 4.58 (d, 1 H, J 1,2 =
8.5 Hz, H-1), 4.26 (dd, 1 H, J 6a,5 = 4.5 Hz, J 6a,6b
= 12.0 Hz, H-6a), 4.16 (dd, 1 H, J 6b,5 = 2.0 Hz, J 6b,6a
= 12.0 Hz, H-6b), 4.04-4.00 (m, 1 H, OCH2CH2CHHCl),
3.94 (ddd, J H-2,N-H= 9.0 Hz, J 2,1 = 8.5 Hz,
J 2,3 = 10.5 Hz, H-2), 3.71-3.59 (m, 4 H, H-2, OCH2 CH2CHHCl),
2.08-1.96 ( m, 14 H, 4 CH 3CO, OCH2CH 2CH2N3);
13C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl3): δ
(ppm) 169.2, 169.2, 169.2, 169.2 (4 C, 4 CH3 CO), 100.1 (1 C,
C-1), 72.2 (1 C, C-3), 71.7(1 C, C-2), 68.3 (1 C, C-5), 66.1 (1 C, C-4), 61.9
(1 C, OCH2CH2 CH2Cl), 54.3 (1 C,
C-6), 41.4 (1 C, OCH2CH2CH2Cl), 31.9 (1
C, OCH2 CH2CH2Cl), 23.1 (1 C, NHCOCH3),
20.6, 20.5, 20.4 (3 C, 3 CH3CO).
向10 mL单口烧瓶中依次加入3’-氯丙基 3,4,6-三-O-乙酰基-2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷 (200.0 mg,0.5
mmol)、DMF (3 mL)、18-冠-6-醚(200.0 mg)和叠氮化钠(180.0 mg,2.8 mmol)。在75~80oC下搅拌24 h,TLC (石油醚 : 乙酸乙酯 = 1 : 3,体积比)监测反应至原料消失。用乙酸乙酯(10.0 mL)稀释,水洗,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,加热浓缩得浆状物。浆状物经柱层析(洗脱剂:石油醚 : 乙酸乙酯 = 1 : 1)分离纯化,得到白色固体3’-叠氮基丙基 2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(160.0 mg,81.6%)。1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 5.76 (d, 1 H, J N-H,H-2= 9.0 Hz,
NHAc), 5.22 (dd, 1 H, J 3,2 = 10.5 Hz, J 3,4
= 9.5 Hz, H-3), 5.05 (dd, 1 H, J 4,3 = J 4,5
= 9.5 Hz, H-4), 4.60 (d, 1 H, J 1,2 = 8.5 Hz, H-1), 4.23 (dd,
1 H, J 6a,5 = 12.5 Hz, J 6a,6b = 5.0 Hz,
H-6a), 4.12 (dd, 1 H, J 6b,5 = 2.5 Hz, J 6b,6a =
5.0 Hz, H-6b), 3.94-3.89 (m, 2 H, H-2, OCH2CH2CHHN3),
3.70-3.67 (m, 1 H, OCH2CH2CHHN3), 3.57
(ddd, 1 H, J 5,4 = 9.5 Hz, J 5,6a = 12.5 Hz, J 5,6b
= 2.5 Hz, H-5), 3.37-3.33 (m, 2 H, OCH 2CH2CH2N3),
2.06 (s, 3 H, CH 3CO), 2.01 (s, 3 H, CH 3CO),
2.01 (s, 3 H, CH 3CO), 1.93 (s, 3 H, NHCOCH 3),
1.88-1.84 (m, 2 H, OCH2CH 2 CH2N3);
13C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl3): δ
(ppm) 170.9, 170.6, 170.2, 169.3 (4 C, 4 CH3 CO), 100.9 (1 C,
C-1), 72.3 (1 C, C-3), 71.7 (1 C, C-2), 68.5 (1 C, C-5), 66.1 (1 C, C-4), 62.0
(1 C, OCH2CH2 CH2Cl), 54.4 (1 C, C-6),
47.9 (1 C, OCH2CH2CH2N3),
28.8 (1 C, OCH2 CH2CH2N3),
23.2 (1 C, NHCOCH3), 20.6, 20.6, 20.5 (3 C, 3 CH3CO).
向25 mL单口烧瓶加入3’-叠氮基丙基 2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷 (2.2 g,4.7 mmol)和甲醇(15.0 mL),磁力搅拌下通入氨气1 h后,常温搅拌反应。TLC (甲醇 : 乙酸乙酯 = 1 : 4,体积比)监测反应,反应完全后,浓缩得浆状物。浆状物经柱层析(洗脱剂:甲醇: 乙酸乙酯 = 1 : 4)分离纯化,得到白色固体3’-叠氮基丙基 2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(1.5 g,96.7%)。1H NMR
(500 MHz, MeOD): δ (ppm) 4.39 (d,
1 H, J 1, 2= 8.5 Hz, H-1), 3.98-3.94 (m, 1 H, OCH 2 CH2CHHN3),
3.89 (dd, 1 H, J 6a,5 = 12.0 Hz, J 6a,6b =
2.0 Hz, H-6a), 3.70 (dd, 1 H, J 6b,5 = 5.5 Hz, J 6b,6a
= 2.0 Hz, H-6b), 3.65 (dd, 1 H, J 3,2 = J 3,4
= 8.5 Hz, H-3), 3.56 (ddd, 1 H, J 5,4 = 8.5 Hz, J 5,6a
= 12.0 Hz, J 5,6b = 5.5 Hz, H-5), 3.88 (d, 1 H, J 4,3
= J 4,5 =8.5 Hz, H-4), 3.40-3.26 (m, 5 H, H-2, NHAc,
OCH2CH2CHHN3, OCH 2CH2CH2N3),
1.99 (s, 3 H, NHCOCH3 ), 1.83-1.79 (m, 2 H, OCH2CH 2CH2N3);
13C NMR (125 MHz, MeOD): δ
(ppm) 173.7 (1 C, CH3 CO), 102.8 (1 C, C-1), 77.9 (1 C,
C-3), 75.9 (1 C, C-2), 72.1 (1 C, C-5), 67.1 (1 C, C-4), 62.8 (1 C, OCH2CH2 CH2Cl),
57.3 (1 C, C-6), 48.4 (1 C, OCH2CH2CH2N3),
30.0 (1 C, OCH2 CH2CH2N3),
23.0 (1 C, NHCOCH3).
向25 mL单口烧瓶依次加入白色固体3’-叠氮基丙基 2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷 (1.0 g,3.29 mmol)、2,2-二甲氧基丙烷(15.0 mL),磁力搅拌15 min后,缓慢滴加浓硫酸5滴,溶液变为澄清,TLC (石油醚 : 乙酸乙酯 = 1 : 4,体积比)监测反应至原料消失。反应混合液用无水K2CO3调节pH值至中性,过滤,浓缩。浆状物经柱层析(洗脱剂:石油醚 : 乙酸乙酯 = 1 : 1)分离纯化,得到无色油状液体3’-叠氮基丙基 4,6-O-异丙氧叉基-2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(550.0 mg,51.6%).
向100 mL单口烧瓶加入3’-叠氮基丙基 4,6-O-异丙氧叉基-2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷 (3.9 g,11.6 mmol)和DMF
(50.0 mL),分批加入氢化钠(930.0 mg),待反应液不再冒气泡时,缓慢滴加溴化苄(2.1
mL),常温下搅拌反应。TLC (石油醚 : 乙酸乙酯 = 2 : 1,体积比)监测反应至原料消失。无水二氯甲烷稀释反应液,水洗,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,加热浓缩得浆状物。浆状物经柱层析(洗脱剂:石油醚 : 乙酸乙酯 = 8 : 1)分离纯化,得到白粉末状固体3’-叠氮基丙基 3-O-苄基-4,6-O-异丙氧叉基-2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(3.1 g,63.4%)。1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 7.35-7.28 (m, 5 H, Ph-H), 5.45 (d, 1 H, J H-2,N-H
= 9.5 Hz, NHAc), 4.83-4.79 (m, 2 H, H-1, OCHHPh), 4.60 (d,
1 H, J = 12.0 Hz, OCHHPh), 3.95-3.87 (m, 3 H, H-4, H-6a, OCH2CH2CHHN3),
3.77 (dd, 1 H, J 6b,5 = J 6b,6a =2.5
Hz,H-6b), 3.72 (dd, 1 H, J 4,3 = J 4,5 =10.5
Hz,H-3), 3.56-3.52 (m, 1 H, OCH2CH2CHHN3),
3.37-3.30 (m, 4 H, H-2, OCH 2CH2CHHN3,
H-5), 1.89 (s, 3 H, NHCOCH 3),1.83-1.64 (m, 2 H, OCH2CH 2CH2N3);
1.49 (s, 3 H,C(CH 3)2); 1.43 (s, 3 H, C(CH 3)2);
13C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl3): δ
(ppm) 170.3 (1 C, CH3 CO), 138.6, 128.3, 128.1, 127.7 (6
C, Ph-C, some signals were overlapped), 100.8 (1 C, C-1), 99.2 (1 C, C(CH3)2),
76.7 (1 C, C-4), 75.2 (1 C, C-3), 73.8 (1 C, CH2Ph), 66.8 (1
C, C-2), 62.3 (1 C, OCH2CH2 CHHN3), 62.2
(1 C, C-6), 57.0 (1 C, C-5), 48.0 (1 C, OCH2CH2 CH2N3),
29.1 (1 C, C(CH3)2), 28.9 (1 C, OCH2 CH2CH2N3),
23.5 (1 C, NHCOCH3), 19.0 (1 C, C(CH3)2).
向25 mL单口烧瓶加入3’-叠氮基丙基 3-O-苄基-4,6-O-异丙氧叉基-2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷 (1.0 g,2.37 mmol),甲醇(15.0 mL),缓慢滴加乙酰氯(1. 4 mL),常温搅拌下反应。TLC (甲醇 : 乙酸乙酯 = 1 : 9,体积比)监测反应至原料消失。加热浓缩得浆状物。浆状物经柱层析(洗脱剂:甲醇: 乙酸乙酯 = 1 : 15)分离纯化,得到无色透明浆状物3’-叠氮基丙基 3-O-苄基-2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(510.0 mg,55.0%).
向100 mL单口烧瓶中加入3’-叠氮基丙基 3-O-苄基-2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷 (3.7 g,9.4 mmol)和DMF(15.0 mL),分批加入氢化钠(2.3 g),待反应液不再冒气泡时,缓慢滴加月桂基溴(9.0
mL),磁力搅拌下常温过夜反应。TLC (石油醚 : 乙酸乙酯 = 4 : 1,体积比)监测反应至原料消失。无水二氯甲烷稀释反应液,水洗,有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩得浆状物。浆状物经柱层析(洗脱剂:石油醚 : 乙酸乙酯 = 8 : 1)分离纯化,得到白色粉末状固体3’-叠氮基丙基 3-O-苄基-4,6-二-O-正十二烷基-2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(3.3 g,47.8%)。1H NMR
(500 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 7.35-7.29
(m, 5 H, Ph-H), 5.41 (d, 1 H, J H-2,N-H = 8.0 Hz, NHAc),
4.81 (d, 1H, J=11.5 Hz, OCHHPh), 4.69-4.62 (m, 2 H, H-1, OCHHPh),
3.89-3.66 (m, 2 H, H-6a, H-6b), 3.62-3.61 (m, 2 H, OCHH(CH2)10CH3,H-4),
3.55-3.50 (m, 4 H, OCH2 (CH2)10CH3,
OCH 2 CH2CHHN3, H-5),
3.43-3.32 (m, 6 H, OCH2CH2CH2 N3,
OCH2 (CH2)10CH3, H-2, H-3),
1.84 (s, 3 H, NHCOCH 3),1.62-1.61 (m, 2 H, OCH2CH 2CH2N3),
1.58-1.54 (m, 4 H, 2 OCH2CH2 (CH2)9CH3),
1.29 (m, 36 H, 2 OCH2CH2(CH2 )9CH3),
0.87 (t, 6 H, J = 6.5 Hz, 2 OCH2CH2(CH2)9CH3 );13C
NMR (125 MHz, CDCl3): δ
(ppm) 170.1 (1 C, CH3 CO), 138.4, 128.4, 127.9, 127.7 (6 C,
Ph-C, some signals were overlapped), 100.1 (1 C, C-1), 80.2 (1 C,
C-6),76.7(1 C, C-3), 74.9 (1 C, OCH2(CH2)10CH3),
74.3 (1 C, OCH2(CH2)10CH3),
72.7 (1 C, CH2Ph), 71.7 (1 C, C-2), 69.5 (1 C,C-4), 65.8 (1
C, OCH2CH2 CH2N3), 56.2
(1 C, C-5), 48.1 (2 C, OCH2CH2CH2N3),
31.8, 30.3, 29.6, 29.6, 29.3, 28.9, 26.1, 23.4, 22.6 (21 C, some signals were
overlapped, 2 OCH2 (CH2)10CH3,
OCH2 CH2CH2N3),
14.0(2C, 2 OCH2CH2(CH2)9 CH3).
向25 mL茄形瓶依次加入3’-叠氮基丙基 3-O-苄基-4,6-二-O-正十二烷基-2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷 (77.0 mg,100.0 mmol)、甲醇(5.0
mL)、36%甲醛水溶液(2.0
mL)和5%Pd/C (100.0 mg)。磁力搅拌下通入氢气,常温过夜反应。TLC(甲醇 : 乙酸乙酯 = 1 : 3,体积比)监测反应至原料消失。静置溶液,过滤,加热浓缩得黄色浆状物。浆状物经柱层析(洗脱剂:甲醇: 乙酸乙酯 = 1 : 10)分离纯化,得到无色浆状物3’-(N,N-二-甲基氨基)丙基 3-O-苄基-4,6-二-O-正十二烷基-2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(30.0 mg,38.8%).
向10 mL单口烧瓶中依次加入3’-(N,N-二-甲基氨基)丙基 3-O-苄基-4,6-二-O-正十二烷基-2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷 (150.0 mg,200.0 mmol)、四氢呋喃(3.0
mL)和碘甲烷(38.3μL)。氮气保护下常温搅拌反应,TLC(甲醇 : 乙酸乙酯 = 1 : 3,体积比)监测反应至原料消失。浓缩后得黄色液体,乙酸乙酯-甲醇混合液重结晶,过滤后得到白色固体3’-(N,N,N-三甲基碘化铵基)丙基3-O-苄基-4,6-二-O-正十二烷基-2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(42.0 mg,23.4%)。1H NMR
(500 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 7.32-7.31
(m, 5 H, Ph-H), 7.09 (d, 1 H, J H-2,N-H = 9.0 Hz, NHAc),
4.78 (d, 1H, J=11.5 Hz, OCHHPh), 4.72-4.69 (m, 2 H, H-1, OCHHPh),
4.00-3.90 (m, 2 H, H-6a, H-6b), 3.83-3.73 (m, 3 H, OCH2CH2CHHN3,
H-4), 3.72-3.56 (m, 4 H, OCH2 (CH2)10CH3,
H-2, H-5), 3.52-3.32 (m, 5 H, OCH2CH2CH 2N3,
OCH2 (CH2)10CH3, H-3), 3.29
(s, 9 H, OCH 2 CH2CH2N(CH3 )3),
2.15-2.02 (m, 2 H, OCH2CHHCH2N(CH3)3),
1.96 (s, 3 H, NHCOCH 3), 1.56-1.53 (m, 4 H, 2 OCH2CH2 (CH2)9CH3),
1.27-1.24 (m, 36 H, 2 OCH2CH2(CH 2)9CH3),
0.87 (t, 6 H, J = 7.0 Hz, 2 OCH2CH2(CH2)9CH 3);
13C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl3): δ
(ppm) 170.8 (1 C, CH3 CO), 138.5, 128.3, 128.0, 127.6 (6 C,
Ph-C, some signals overlapped), 100.4 (1 C, C-1), 81.2, 78.4, 75.1, 74.7,
72.9, 71.6, 69.4, 65.1, 55.4, 53.8 (13 C, C-2, C-3, C-4, C-5, C-6, CH2Ph,
2 OCH2(CH2)10CH3, OCH2CH2CH2N(CH3)3,
OCH2CH2 CH2 CH2N(CH3)3,OCH2CH2CH2N(CH3)3,
some signals overlapped), 31.8, 30.4, 29.6, 29.5, 29.3, 26.1, 23.8, 23.4, 22.6,
22.1 (21 C, 2OCH2(CH2)10CH3,
OCH2 CH2CH2 N(CH3)3,
some signals were overlapped, 14.0, 14.0 (2 C, 2 OCH2CH2(CH2)9 CH3).
取3’-(N,N,N-三甲基碘化铵基)丙基3-O-苄基-4,6-二-O-正十二烷基-2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(8.7 mg, 0.01
mmol),用二次蒸馏水(10 mL)经超声波分散得阳离子脂质体di-C12-GluNAc-TMA纳米颗粒,用Zetasizer Nano ZS仪测得平均粒径87.34
nm,PDI分布0.29,表面电势+48.5 mv,pH = 6.3。
实施例2. 氨基葡萄糖衍生物阳离子脂质体di-C14-GluNAc-TMA纳米颗粒的制备:
向25 mL单口烧瓶加入3’-叠氮基丙基 3-O-苄基-4,6-O-异丙氧叉基-2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(1.1 g,2.60 mmol),甲醇(15.0 mL),缓慢滴加乙酰氯(1. 5 mL),常温搅拌下反应。TLC (甲醇 : 乙酸乙酯 = 1 : 9,体积比)监测反应至原料消失。加热浓缩得到无色透明浆状物3’-叠氮基丙基 3-O-苄基-2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(1.0 g).
向25 mL单口烧瓶中加入无色透明浆状物3’-叠氮基丙基 3-O-苄基-2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷 (1.0 g,2.5 mmol)和DMF(15.0 mL),分批加入氢化钠(0.6 g, 15.0 mmol),待反应液不再冒气泡时,缓慢滴加肉豆蔻基溴(3.1
mL, 10.1 mmol),磁力搅拌下常温过夜反应。TLC (石油醚 : 乙酸乙酯 = 4 : 1,体积比)监测反应至原料消失。无水二氯甲烷稀释反应液,水洗,有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩得浆状物。浆状物经柱层析(洗脱剂:石油醚 : 乙酸乙酯 = 8 : 1)分离纯化,得到白色粉末状固体3’-叠氮基丙基 3-O-苄基-4,6-二-O-正十四烷基-2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷 (0.9 g,43.4%)。1H NMR
(500 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 7.33-7.29
(m, 5 H, Ph-H), 5.44 (d, 1 H, J H-2,N-H = 8.0 Hz, NHAc),
4.81 (d, 1H, J=11.5 Hz, OCHHPh), 4.68-4.61 (m, 2 H, H-1, OCHHPh),
3.93-3.85 (m, 2 H, H-6a, H-6b), 3.77-3.66 (m, 2 H, OCHH(CH2)12CH3,
H-4), 3.62-3.51 (m, 4 H, OCH2 (CH2)12CH3,
OCH 2 CH2CHHN3,H-5), 3.47-3.32 (m,
6 H, OCH2CH2CH2 N3, OCH2 (CH2)12CH3,
H-2, H-3), 1.84 (s, 3 H, NHCOCH 3),1.83-1.79 (m, 2 H, OCH2CH 2CH2N3),
1.56-1.54 (m, 4 H, 2 OCH2CH2 (CH2)11CH3),
1.24 (m, 44 H, 2 OCH2CH2(CH2 )11CH3),
0.87 (t, 6 H, J = 6.5 Hz, 2 OCH2CH2(CH2)11CH3 );13C
NMR (125 MHz, CDCl3): δ
(ppm) 169.9 (1 C, CH3 CO), 138.7, 128.9, 128.4, 127.7, 127.2
(6 C, Ph-C, some signals were overlapped), 100.8 (1 C, C-1), 80.2
(1 C, C-6), 78.9(1 C, C-3), 74.9 (1 C, OCH2(CH2)12CH3),
74.5 (1 C, OCH2(CH2)12CH3),
72.8 (1 C, CH2Ph), 71.7 (1 C, C-2), 69.6 (1
C,C-4), 65.8 (1 C, OCH2CH2 CH2N3),
55.7 (1 C, C-5), 48.3,47.1 (2 C, OCH2CH2CH2N3),
31.8, 30.6, 29.6, 29.6, 29.2, 29.1, 28.6, 28.3, 27.1, 26.1, 23.6, 22.9,
22.6 (25 C, some signals were overlapped, 2OCH2(CH2)12
CH3, OCH2 CH2CH2N3),
14.4, 13.4 (2C, 2 OCH2CH2(CH2)12 CH3).
向25 mL茄形瓶依次加入3’-叠氮基丙基 3-O-苄基-4,6-二-O-正十四烷基-2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷 (0.3 g,0.38 mol)、甲醇(10.0 mL)、36%甲醛水溶液(1.7 mL)和5%Pd/C (130.0 mg)。磁力搅拌下通入氢气,常温过夜反应。TLC(甲醇 : 乙酸乙酯 = 1 : 3,体积比)监测反应至原料消失。静置溶液,过滤,加热浓缩得黄色浆状物。浆状物经柱层析(洗脱剂:甲醇: 乙酸乙酯 = 1 : 10)分离纯化,得到无色浆状物3’-(N,N-二-甲基氨基)丙基 3-O-苄基-4,6-二-O-正十四烷基-2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(120.0 mg,40.1%).
向10 mL单口烧瓶中依次加入3’-(N,N-二-甲基氨基)丙基 3-O-苄基-4,6-二-O-正十四烷基-2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷 (120.0 mg,150.0 mmol)、四氢呋喃(5.0
mL)和碘甲烷(14.2 µL)。氮气保护下常温搅拌反应,TLC(甲醇 : 乙酸乙酯 = 1 : 3,体积比)监测反应至原料消失。浓缩后得黄色液体,乙酸乙酯-甲醇混合液重结晶,过滤后得到白色固体3’-(N,N,N-三甲基碘化铵基)丙基3-O-苄基-4,6-二-O-正十四烷基-2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(52.0 mg,35.7%)。1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 7.29-7.24 (m, 5 H, Ph-H), 7.09 (d, 1 H, J H-2,N-H
= 9.0 Hz, NHAc), 4.77 (d, 1H, J=11.0 Hz, OCHHPh),
4.71-4.68 (m, 2 H, H-1, OCHHPh), 3.98-3.81 (m, 2 H, H-6a, H-6b),
3.79-3.65 (m, 3 H, OCH2CH2CHHN3, H-4),
3.63-3.55 (m, 4 H, OCH2 (CH2)12CH3,
H-2, H-5), 3.51-3.31 (m, 5 H, OCH2CH2CH 2N3,
OCH2 (CH2)12CH3, H-3), 3.27
(s, 9 H, OCH 2 CH2CH2N(CH3 )3),
2.09-1.95 (m, 2 H, OCH2CHHCH2N(CH3)3),
1.94 (s, 3 H, NHCOCH 3), 1.54-1.52 (m, 4 H, 2 OCH2CH2 (CH2)11CH3),
1.24 (m, 44 H, 2 OCH2CH2(CH 2)11CH3),
0.86 (t, 6 H, J = 7.0 Hz, 2 OCH2CH2(CH2)11CH 3));
13C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl3): δ
(ppm) 170.8 (1 C, CH3 CO), 138.5, 128.3, 128.0, 127.5 (6
C, Ph-C, some signals overlapped), 100.4 (1 C, C-1), 82.0, 78.4, 75.0,
74.7, 72.9, 71.6, 69.4, 65.0, 64.4, 55.4, 53.8 (13 C, C-2, C-3, C-4, C-5, C-6, CH2Ph,
2 OCH2(CH2)12CH3, OCH2CH2CH2N(CH3)3,
OCH2CH2 CH2N(CH3)3,
OCH2CH2CH2N(CH3)3,
some signals were overlapped), 31.8, 30.4, 29.6, 29.5, 29.3, 26.2, 26.1,
23.8, 23.4, 22.6 (25C, 2 OCH2(CH2)12CH3,
OCH2 CH2CH2N(CH3)3,
some signals were overlapped, 14.0, 14.0 (2 C, 2OCH2CH2 (CH2)9 CH3).
取3’-(N,N,N-三甲基碘化铵基)丙基 2,3-二-O-正十四烷基-β-D-吡喃葡萄苷(9.3 mg, 0.01 mmol),用二次蒸馏水(10 mL)经超声波分散得阳离子脂质体di-C14-GluNAc-TMA纳米颗粒,用Zetasizer Nano ZS仪测得平均粒径149.9
nm,PDI分布0.241,表面电势+46.2 mv,pH = 6.7。
实施例3. 氨基葡萄糖衍生物阳离子脂质体di-C16-GluNAc-TMA纳米颗粒的制备:
向25 mL单口烧瓶加入3’-叠氮基丙基 3-O-苄基-4,6-O-异丙氧叉基-2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(1.2 g,2.70 mmol),甲醇(15.0 mL),缓慢滴加乙酰氯(1. 6 mL),常温搅拌下反应。TLC (甲醇 : 乙酸乙酯 = 1 : 9,体积比)监测反应至原料消失。加热浓缩得无色透明浆状物3’-叠氮基丙基 3-O-苄基-2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(1.0 g).
向25 mL单口烧瓶中加入3’-叠氮基丙基 3-O-苄基-2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(1.0 g,2.5 mmol)和DMF(15.0 mL),分批加入氢化钠(0.6 g, 15.0 mmol),待反应液不再冒气泡时,缓慢滴加鲸蜡基溴(3.2
mL, 10.8 mmol),磁力搅拌下常温过夜反应。TLC (石油醚 : 乙酸乙酯 = 4 : 1,体积比)监测反应至原料消失。无水二氯甲烷稀释反应液,水洗,有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩得浆状物。浆状物经柱层析(洗脱剂:石油醚 : 乙酸乙酯 = 8 : 1)分离纯化,得到白色粉末状固体3’-叠氮基丙基 3-O-苄基-4,6-二-O-正十六烷基-2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(1.1 g,52.2%)。1H NMR
(500 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 7.33-7.28
(m, 5 H, Ph-H), 5.46 (d, 1 H, J H-2,N-H = 8.0 Hz, NHAc),
4.81 (d, 1H, J=11.5 Hz, OCHHPh), 4.68-4.62 (m, 2 H, H-1, OCHHPh),
3.93-3.87 (m, 2 H, H-6a, H-6b), 3.77-3.66 (m, 2 H, OCHH(CH2)14CH3,
H-4), 3.62-3.48 (m, 4 H, OCH2 (CH2)14CH3,
OCH 2 CH2CHHN3,H-5), 3.45-3.30 (m,
6 H, OCH2CH2CH2 N3, OCH2 (CH2)14CH3,
H-2, H-3), 1.84 (s, 3 H, NHCOCH 3),1.84-1.83 (m, 2 H, OCH2CH 2CH2N3),
1.56-1.54 (m, 4 H, 2 OCH2CH2 (CH2)13CH3),
1.24 (m, 52 H, 2 OCH2CH2(CH2 )13CH3),
0.87 (t, 6 H, J = 6.5 Hz, 2 OCH2CH2(CH2)13CH3 );13C
NMR (125 MHz, CDCl3): δ
(ppm) 170.1 ( 1 C, CH3 CO), 138.9, 129.0,128.5, 127.7,
127.3 (6 C, Ph-C, some signals were overlapped), 100.8 (1 C, C-1), 80.1
(1 C, C-6),79.4(1 C, C-3), 75.7 (1 C, OCH2(CH2)14CH3),
74.4 (1 C, OCH2(CH2)14CH3),
72.8 (1 C, CH2Ph), 71.8 (1 C, C-2), 69.8 (1 C, C-4), 65.9 (1
C, OCH2CH2 CH2N3), 55.9 (1 C,
C-5), 48.4 (2 C, OCH2CH2CH2N3),
32.9, 31.9, 30.6, 29.6, 29.6, 29.3, 29.1, 28.6, 27.2, 26.2, 23.6, 21.6 (29 C,
some signals were overlapped, 2OCH2(CH2)14CH3,
OCH2 CH2CH2N3), 14.4
(2C, 2 OCH2(CH2)14 CH3).
向25 mL茄形瓶依次加入3’-叠氮基丙基 3-O-苄基-4,6-二-O-正十六烷基-2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷 (280 mg,0.33 mol)、甲醇(10.0 mL)、36%甲醛水溶液(1.8 mL)和5%Pd/C (120.0 mg)。磁力搅拌下通入氢气,常温过夜反应。TLC(甲醇 : 乙酸乙酯 = 1 : 3,体积比)监测反应至原料消失。静置溶液,过滤,加热浓缩得黄色浆状物。浆状物经柱层析(洗脱剂:甲醇: 乙酸乙酯 = 1 : 10)分离纯化,得到无色浆状物3’-(N,N-二-甲基氨基)丙基 3-O-苄基-4,6-二-O-正十六烷基-2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(60.0 mg,21.4%).
向10 mL单口烧瓶中依次加入3’-(N,N-二-甲基氨基)丙基 3-O-苄基-4,6-二-O-正十六烷基-2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷 (60.0 mg,70.1 mmol)、四氢呋喃(5.0
mL)和碘甲烷(10.0 µL)。氮气保护下常温搅拌反应,TLC(甲醇 : 乙酸乙酯 = 1 : 3,体积比)监测反应至原料消失。浓缩后得黄色液体,乙酸乙酯-甲醇混合液重结晶,过滤后得到白色固体3’-(N,N,N-三甲基碘化铵基)丙基3-O-苄基-4,6-二-O-正十六烷基-2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(28.0 mg,40.1%)。1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 7.30-7.26 (m, 5 H, Ph-H), 7.09 (d, 1 H, J H-2,N-H
= 9.0 Hz, NHAc), 4.80-4.68 (m, 4 H, H-1, OCHHPh, OCHHPh),
4.00-3.87 (m, 2 H, H-6a, H-6b), 3.83-3.70 (m, 3 H, OCH2CH2CHHN3,
H-4), 3.68-3.62 (m, 4 H, OCH2 (CH2)14CH3,
H-2, H-5), 3.59-3.31 (m, 5 H, OCH2CH2CH 2N3,
OCH2 (CH2)14CH3, H-3), 3.28
(s, 9 H, OCH 2 CH2CH2N(CH3 )3),
2.07-2.01 (m, 2 H, OCH2CHHCH2 N(CH3)3),
1.96 (s, 3 H, NHCOCH 3), 1.55-1.52 (m, 4 H, 2 OCH2CH2 (CH2)13CH3),
1.24 (m, 52 H, 2 OCH2CH2(CH 2)13CH3),
0.87 (t, 6 H, J = 7.0 Hz, 2 OCH2CH2 (CH2)13CH 3);
13C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl3): δ
(ppm) 170.8 (1 C, CH3 CO), 138.5, 128.3, 128.0, 127.6 (6 C,
Ph-C, some signals overlapped), 100.4 (1 C, C-1), 82.0, 78.4, 75.0,
75.0, 74.8, 71.6, 69.4, 65.0, 64.4, 55.4, 53.8 (13 C, C-2, C-3, C-4, C-5, C-6, CH2Ph,
2 OCH2(CH2)14CH3, OCH2CH2CH2N(CH3)3,
OCH2CH2 CH2N(CH3)3,
OCH2 CH2CH2N(CH3)3,
some signals were overlapped), 31.9, 30.4, 29.6, 29.5, 29.3, 26.2, 26.1, 24.1,
23.8, 22.6 (29 C, 2 OCH2(CH2)14CH3,
OCH2 CH2CH2N(CH3)3,
some signals were overlapped, 14.0, 14.0 (2 C, 2 OCH2CH2(CH2)13 CH3).
取3’-(N,N,N-三甲基碘化铵基)丙基 2,3-二-O-正十六烷基-β-D-吡喃葡萄苷(9.8 mg, 0.01 mmol),用二次蒸馏水(10 mL)经超声波分散得阳离子脂质体di-C16-GluNAc-TMA纳米颗粒,用Zetasizer Nano ZS仪测得平均粒径97.82
nm,PDI分布0.323,表面电势+47.5 mv,pH = 6.8。
实施例3. 氨基葡萄糖衍生物阳离子脂质体di-C18-GluNAc-TMA纳米颗粒的制备:
向25 mL单口烧瓶加入3’-叠氮基丙基 3-O-苄基-4,6-O-异丙氧叉基-2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(1.5 g,3.55 mmol),甲醇(20.0 mL),缓慢滴加乙酰氯(2.0 mL),常温搅拌下反应。TLC (甲醇 : 乙酸乙酯 = 1 : 9,体积比)监测反应至原料消失。加热浓缩得浆状物3’-叠氮基丙基 3-O-苄基-2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(1.4 g).
向25 mL单口烧瓶中加入3’-叠氮基丙基 3-O-苄基-2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(1.4 g,3.5 mmol)和DMF(20.0 mL),分批加入氢化钠(0.9 g, 21.0 mmol),待反应液不再冒气泡时,缓慢滴加硬脂基溴(4.8
mL, 14.0 mmol),磁力搅拌下常温过夜反应。TLC (石油醚 : 乙酸乙酯 = 4 : 1,体积比)监测反应至原料消失。无水二氯甲烷稀释反应液,水洗,有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩得浆状物。浆状物经柱层析(洗脱剂:石油醚 : 乙酸乙酯 = 8 : 1)分离纯化,得到白色粉末状固体3’-叠氮基丙基 3-O-苄基-4,6-二-O-正十八烷基-2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(1.3 g,40.6%)。1H NMR
(500 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 7.34-7.29
(m, 5 H, Ph-H), 5.41 (d, 1 H, J H-2,N-H = 8.0 Hz, NHAc),
4.81 (d, 1H, J=11.5 Hz, OCHHPh), 4.69-4.62 (m, 2 H, H-1, OCHHPh),
3.93-3.85 (m, 2 H, H-6a, H-6b), 3.77-3.66 (m, 2 H, OCHH(CH2)16CH3,
H-4), 3.62-3.48 (m, 4 H, OCH2 (CH2)16CH3,
OCH 2 CH2CHHN3,H-5), 3.45-3.32 (m,
6 H, OCH2CH2CH2 N3, OCH2 (CH2)16CH3,
H-2, H-3), 1.84 (s, 3 H, NHCOCH 3),1.84-1.63 (m, 2 H, OCH2CH 2CH2N3),
1.57-1.54 (m, 4 H, 2 OCH2CH2 (CH2)15CH3),
1.28 (m, 60 H, 2 OCH2CH2(CH2 )15CH3),
0.87 (t, 6 H, J = 6.5 Hz, 2 OCH2CH2(CH2)15CH3 );13C
NMR (125 MHz, CDCl3): δ
(ppm) 170.1 (1 C, CH3 CO), 138.8, 129.0, 128.4, 127.9, 127.7 (
6 C, Ph-C, some signals were overlapped), 100.1 (1 C, C-1), 80.2 (1 C,
C-6), 78.7 (1 C, C-3), 75.0 (1 C, OCH2(CH2)16CH3),
74.3 (1 C, OCH2(CH2)16CH3),
72.7 (1 C, CH2Ph), 71.7 (1 C, C-2), 69.6 (1 C,C-4),
65.8 (1 C, OCH2CH2 CH2N3),
56.3 (1 C, C-5), 48.2 (2 C, OCH2CH2CH2N3),
31.9, 30.4, 29.7, 29.6, 29.5, 29.3, 29.0, 26.2, 23.5, 22.6 (33 C, some signals
were overlapped, 2OCH2(CH2)16CH3,
OCH2 CH2CH2N3),
14.0(2C, 2 OCH2(CH2)16 CH3).
向25 mL茄形瓶依次加入3’-叠氮基丙基 3-O-苄基-4,6-二-O-正十八烷基-2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(300 mg,0.33 mol)、甲醇(10.0 mL)、36%甲醛水溶液(2.0 mL)和5%Pd/C (120.0 mg)。磁力搅拌下通入氢气,常温过夜反应。TLC(甲醇 : 乙酸乙酯 = 1 : 3,体积比)监测反应至原料消失。静置溶液,过滤,加热浓缩得黄色浆状物。浆状物经柱层析(洗脱剂:甲醇: 乙酸乙酯 = 1 : 10)分离纯化,得到无色浆状物3’-(N,N-二-甲基氨基)丙基 3-O-苄基-4,6-二-O-正十八烷基-2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(66.0 mg,22.0%).
向10 mL单口烧瓶中依次加入3’-(N,N-二-甲基氨基)丙基 3-O-苄基-4,6-二-O-正十八烷基-2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(66.0 mg,73.2 mmol)、四氢呋喃(5.0
mL)和碘甲烷(10.0 µL)。氮气保护下常温搅拌反应,TLC(甲醇 : 乙酸乙酯 = 1 : 3,体积比)监测反应至原料消失。浓缩后得黄色液体,乙酸乙酯-甲醇混合液重结晶,过滤后得到白色固体3’-(N,N,N-三甲基碘化铵基)丙基3-O-苄基-4,6-二-O-正十六烷基-2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(30.0 mg,39.2%)。1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 7.29-7.23(m, 5 H, Ph-H), 7.09 (d, 1 H, J H-2,N-H
= 9.0 Hz, NHAc), 4.77 (d, 1H, J=11.0 Hz, OCHHPh), 4.70-4.68
(m, 2 H, H-1, OCHHPh), 3.97-3.95 (m, 2 H, H-6a, H-6b), 3.82-3.70 (m, 3
H, OCH2CH2CHHN3, H-4), 3.67-3.56 (m, 4
H, OCH2 (CH2)16CH3, H-2,
H-5), 3.49-3.30 (m, 5 H, OCH2CH2CH 2N3,
OCH2 (CH2)16CH3, H-3), 3.26
(s, 9 H, OCH 2 CH2CH2N(CH3 )3),
2.07-2.02 (m, 2 H, OCH2CHHCH2N(CH3)3),
1.96 (s, 3 H, NHCOCH 3), 1.53-1.51 (m, 4 H, 2 OCH2CH2 (CH2)15CH3),
1.23 (m, 60 H, 2 OCH2CH2(CH 2)15CH3),
0.86 (t, 6 H, J = 7.0 Hz, 2 OCH2CH2(CH2)15CH 3));
13C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl3): δ
(ppm) 170.8 (1 C, CH3 CO), 138.5, 128.3, 127.9, 127.5 (6
C, Ph-C, some signals overlapped), 100.4 (1 C, C-1), 82.0, 78.4, 75.0,
74.7, 72.9, 71.6, 69.4, 65.1, 64.3, 55.4, 53.7 (13 C, C-2, C-3, C-4, C-5, C-6, CH2Ph,
2 OCH2(CH2)16CH3, OCH2CH2CH2N(CH3)3,
OCH2CH2 CH2N(CH3)3,
OCH2CH2CH2N(CH3)3,
some signals overlapped), 31.8, 30.4, 29.6, 29.5, 29.5, 29.3, 26.2, 26.1, 23.7,
23.4, 22.6(33 C, 2 OCH2(CH2)16CH3,
OCH2 CH2CH2N(CH3)3,
some signals were overlapped, 14.0, 14.0 (2 C, 2 OCH2CH2(CH2)15 CH3).
取3’-(N,N,N-三甲基碘化铵基)丙基3-O-苄基-4,6-二-O-正十八烷基-2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(10.4 mg, 0.01
mmol),用二次蒸馏水(10 mL)经超声波分散得阳离子脂质体di-C18-GluNAc-TMA纳米颗粒,用Zetasizer Nano ZS仪测得平均粒径182.4
nm,PDI分布0.43,表面电势+53.3 mv,pH = 6.9。
实施例5. 氨基葡萄糖衍生物阳离子脂质体GluNAc-DiC12MA纳米颗粒的制备:
在50.0 mL圆底烧瓶中,依次加入化合物3’-叠氮基丙基 2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷( 1.0 g , 3.3 mmol)、PPh3
( 1.1 g , 3.9 mmol)、THF (15.0 mL)、H2O (3.0 mL)。混合物在油浴锅内70oC回流反应4 h,TLC (甲醇 : 乙酸乙酯 = 1 : 5,体积比)监测反应至原料消失。旋蒸去除溶剂,加入水20.0
mL,烧瓶内有白色固体析出。过滤,浓缩,抽真空干燥得黄色浆状化合物3’-氨基丙基 2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(0.79 g ,
86.8%).
向50.0 mL圆底烧瓶中,依次加入化合物3’-氨基丙基 2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷( 0.65 g , 2.3 mmol)、月桂基溴(2.2
ml, 9.3 mmol)、碳酸钾(1.5 g)、CH3CH2OH
(10.0 mL)、CH3OH (6.0 mL)。反应混合物在75oC条件下回流反应48 h,TLC (甲醇 : 乙酸乙酯 = 1 : 3,体积比)监测反应情况。用干燥二氯甲烷(20.0 mL)稀释,水洗两次,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,加热浓缩得浆状物。浆状物经柱层析(洗脱剂:甲醇 : 乙酸乙酯 = 1 : 3)分离纯化,得到白色粉末状固体3’-(N, N-二-正十二烷基)丙基 2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(0.35 g, 24.5%)。1H NMR
(500 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm): 8.49 (s,
1 H, NHAc),4.45(d, 1 H, J 1,2 = 6.5 Hz,
H-1), 3.82-3.80 (m, 1 H, OCHHCH2CH2N(CH2CH2(C9H18)CH3)2),
3.80-3.75 (m, 2 H, H-6), 3.68-3.62 (m, 2 H, H-3, H-4), 3.53-3.51 (m, 2 H, OCHHCH2
CH2N(CH2CH2(C9H18)CH3)2),
H-2), 3.33-3.32 (m, 1 H, H-5), 2.62-2.59 (m, 2 H, OCH2CH2CH 2N(CH2CH2(C9H18)CH3)2),
2.57-2.52 (m,4 H, N(CH 2CH2(C9H18)
CH3)2), 2.00 (s, 3 H, CH 3CO),1.79- 1.75
(m, 2 H, OCH2CH 2CH2N(CH2CH2
(C9H18)CH3)2), 1.49-1.45 (m,
4 H, N(CH2CH 2(C9H18)CH3)2),
1.28-1.24 (m, 36 H, N(CH2CH2 (C9 H 18)CH3)2),
0.86 (t, 6 H, J = 7.0 Hz, N(CH2CH2(C9H18)CH 3)2);
13C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 172.4 (1 C, CH3 CO),101.1 (1 C,
C-1), 76.7 (1 C, C-3), 75.9 (1 C, C-5), 74.3 (1 C, C-2), 70.4 (1 C, C-4),
67.6 (1 C, OCH2CH2CH2N(CH2CH2(C9H18)CH3)2),
61.4 (1 C, C-6), 53.3, 53.3 (2 C, N(CH2CH2(C9H18)CH3)2),
50.8 (1 C, OCH2CH2 CH2N(CH2CH2(C9H18)CH3)2),
31.8, 30.8, 29.7, 29.6, 29.3, 27.4, 26.5, 25.5, 23.3, 22.6 (21 C, some signals
were overlapped, N(CH2(C 10H20)CH3)2),
OCH2 CH2CH2N(CH2CH2(C9H18)CH3)2),
14.0, 14.0 (2 C, N(CH2(C10H20)CH3)2).
向10.0 mL圆底烧瓶中,依次加入化合物3’-(N,N-二正十二烷基)丙基 2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷( 0.2 g , 0.32 mmol)、碘甲烷( 0.1 g , 0.64 mmol) 40.0 µL),THF (5.0 mL),常温下过夜反应,TLC (乙酸乙酯 : 甲醇 = 3 : 1,体积比)监测反应至原料消失。旋蒸去除溶剂,加入(CH3)2CO
(5.0 mL),有白色固体析出,过滤,真空干燥后得到白色固体3’-(N-甲基-N,N-二正十二烷基碘化铵基)丙基 2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(0.18 g , 73.2%)。1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm): 7.87 (d, 1 H, J H-2,N-H = 7.0
Hz, NHAc), 5.17 (s, 1 H, OH), 5.13 (s, 1 H, OH),
4.46 (d, 1 H, J 1,2 = 7.0 Hz, H-1), 4.45 (s, 1 H, OH),
4.00-3.99 (m, 2 H, OH, OCHHCH2CH2N(CH3)(C12H25)2),
3.81-3.72 (m, 3 H, H-6, OCHHCH2CH2N(CH3)
(C12H25)2), 3.66-3.49 (m, 4 H, H-3, H-4, OCH2CH2CH 2N(CH3)
(C12H25)2), 3.41-3.28 (m, 6 H, H-2, H-5, (CH3)N(CH 2CH2(C9H18)CH3)2),
3.15 (s, 3 H, (CH 3)N(CH2CH2 (C9H18)CH3)2),2.14-2.07
(m, 2 H, OCH2CH 2CH2N(CH3)(C12H25)2),
2.05 (s, 3 H, CH 3CO), 1.67-1.66 (m, 2 H, (CH3)N(CH2CH 2(C9H18)CH3)2),
1.33-1.23 (m, 36 H, (CH3)N(CH2CH2(C9 H 18)CH3)2),
0.85 (t, 6 H, J = 6.5 Hz, (CH3)N(CH2CH2(C9H18)
CH 3)2); 13C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl3):
δ (ppm) 172.3 (1 C, CH3 CO),
100.8 (1 C, C-1), 76.9 (1 C, C-3), 76.7 (1 C, C-5), 75.9 (1 C, C-2), 70.3 (1 C,
C-4), 65.7 (1 C, OCH2CH2CH2N(CH3)(C12H25)2),
61.6, 61.2, 61.2 (3 C, OCH2CH2 CH2N(CH3)
(CH2CH2(C9H18)CH3)2),
60.6 (1 C, C-6), 49.2 (1 C, (CH3)N(CH2CH2(C9H18)CH3)2),
31.8, 29.6, 29.5, 29.4, 29.2, 29.1, 26.2, 23.6, 23.2, 22.6, 22.4 (21 C, some
signals were overlapped, (CH3)N(CH2(C 10H20)CH3)2),
OCH2 CH2CH2N(CH3)(C12H25)2),
14.0, 14.0 (2 C, (CH3)N(CH2(C10H20)CH3)2).
取3’-(N-甲基-N,N-二正十二烷基碘化铵基)丙基 2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(7.5 mg, 0.01
mmol),用二次蒸馏水(10 mL)经超声波分散得阳离子脂质体GluNAc-DiC12MA纳米颗粒,用Zetasizer Nano ZS仪测得平均粒径93.7 nm,PDI分布0.38,表面电势+38.4 mv,pH = 6.6。
实施例6. 氨基葡萄糖衍生物阳离子脂质体GluNAc-DiC14MA纳米颗粒的制备:
向50.0 mL圆底烧瓶中,依次加入化合物3’-氨基丙基 2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷( 0.9 g , 3.2 mmol)、豆蔻基溴(3.8
ml, 12.9 mmol)、碳酸钾(2.0 g)、CH3CH2OH
(10.0 mL)、CH3OH (6.0 mL)。反应混合物在75oC条件下回流反应48 h,TLC (甲醇 : 乙酸乙酯 = 1 : 3,体积比)监测反应情况。用干燥二氯甲烷(25.0 mL)稀释,水洗两次,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,加热浓缩得浆状物。浆状物经柱层析(洗脱剂:甲醇 : 乙酸乙酯 = 1 : 3)分离纯化,得到白色粉末状固体3’-(N,N-二正十四烷基)丙基 2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(0.41 g, 18.9%)。1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 7.56 (s, 1 H, NHAc),4.45(d, 1 H, J 1,2
= 5 Hz, H-1), 3.80-3.70 (m, 3 H, OCHHCH2CH2N(CH2CH2(C11H22)CH3)2,
H-6), 3.66-3.65 (m, 2 H, H-3, H-4), 3.52-3.51 (m, 2 H, OCHHCH2 CH2N(CH2CH2(C11H22)
CH3)2), H-2), 3.33-3.32 (m, 1 H, H-5), 2.53-2.52 (m,
2 H, OCH2CH2CH 2N(CH2CH2
(C11H22)CH3)2), 2.43-2.42 (m,4
H, N(CH 2CH2(C11H22)CH3)2),
2.00 (s, 3 H, CH 3CO), 1.72-1.71 (m, 2 H, OCH2CH 2CH2N(CH2CH2
(C11H22)CH3)2), 1.41-1.39 (m,
4 H, N(CH2CH 2(C11H22)CH3)2),
1.25-1.23 (m, 44 H, N(CH2CH2 (C11 H 22)CH3)2),
0.87 (t, 6 H, J = 6.75 Hz, N(CH2CH2(C11H22)CH 3)2);
13C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl3): δ
(ppm) 172.3 (1 C, CH3 CO), 101.0 (1 C, C-1), 76.7 (1 C, C-3),
75.8 (1 C, C-5), 74.5 (1 C, C-2), 70.5 (1 C, C-4), 68.0 (1 C, OCH2CH2CH2N(CH2CH2(C11H22)CH3)2),
61.4 (1 C, C-6), 56.1, 53.3 (2 C, N(CH2CH2(C11H22)
CH3)2), 50.6 (1 C, OCH2CH2 CH2N(CH2
CH2(C11H22)CH3)2),
31.9, 30.8, 29.7, 29.6, 29.3, 27.6, 27.0, 25.9, 23.3,22.6 (25 C, some signals
were overlapped, N(CH2(C 12H24)CH3)2),
OCH2 CH2CH2N(CH2CH2 (C11H22)CH3)2),
14.0, 14.0 (2 C, N(CH2(C12H24)CH3)2).
向10.0 mL圆底烧瓶中,依次加入化合物3’-(N, N-二正十四烷基)丙基 2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷( 0.2 g , 0.29
mmol)、碘甲烷( 0.08 g , 0.60 mmol , 37.1 µL),THF (5.0 mL),常温下过夜反应,TLC (乙酸乙酯 : 甲醇 = 3 : 1,体积比)监测反应至原料消失。旋蒸去除溶剂,加入(CH3)2CO
(5.0 mL),有白色固体析出,过滤,真空干燥后得到无定形白色固体3’-(N-甲基-N,N-二正十四烷基碘化铵基)丙基 2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(0.16 g , 66.1%)。1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 7.87 (d, 1 H, J H-2,N-H = 7.0 Hz,
NHAc),5.13 (s, 2 H, OH), 4.68 (d, 1 H, J 1,2 =
7.0 Hz, H-1), 4.43 (s, 1 H, OH), 4.01-4.00 (m, 2 H, OH, OCHHCH2CH2N(CH3)(C14H29)2),
3.82-3.76 (m, 3 H, H-6, OCHHCH2CH2N(CH3)
(C14H29)2), 3.75-3.50 (m, 4 H, H-3, H-4, OCH2CH2CH 2N(CH3)(C14H29)2),
3.40-3.16 (m, 6 H, H-2, H-5, (CH3)N(CH 2CH2(C11H22)CH3)2),
3.09 (s, 3 H, (CH 3)N(CH2CH2(C11H22)CH3)2),
2.15-2.08 (m, 2 H, OCH2CH 2CH2N(CH3)(C14H29)2),
2.02 (s, 3 H, CH 3CO), 1.68-1.67 (m, 4 H, (CH3)N(CH2CH 2(C11H22)CH3)2,)
1.34-1.23 (m, 44 H, (CH3)N(CH2CH2(C11 H 22)CH3)2),
0.86 (t, 6 H, J = 6.75 Hz, (CH3)N(CH2CH2(C11H22)CH 3)2);
13C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl3): δ
(ppm) 172.4 (1 C, CH3 CO), 100.8 (1 C, C-1), 76.9 (1 C,
C-3), 76.7 (1 C, C-5), 75.9 (1 C, C-2), 74.3 (1 C, C-4), 65.8 (1 C,
OCH2CH2CH2N(CH3)(C14H29)2),
61.7, 61.3, 61.2 (3 C, OCH2CH2 CH2N(CH3)(CH2
CH2(C11H22)CH3)2),
60.6 (1 C, C-6), 49.2 (1 C, (CH3)N(CH2CH2(C11H22)CH3)2),
31.8, 29.6, 29.5, 29.4, 29.3, 29.1, 26.3, 23.7, 23.2, 22.6, 22.4 (25 C, some
signals were overlapped, (CH3)N(CH2(C 12H24)CH3)2),
OCH2 CH2CH2N(CH3)(C14H29)2),
14.0, 14.0 (2 C, (CH3)N(CH2(C12H24)CH3)2).
取3’-(N-甲基-N,N-二正十四烷基碘化铵基)丙基 2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(8.1 mg, 0.01 mmol),用二次蒸馏水(10 mL)经超声波分散得阳离子脂质体GluNAc-DiC14MA纳米颗粒,用Zetasizer Nano ZS仪测得平均粒径115.2
nm,PDI分布0.271,表面电势+52.3 mv,pH = 6.0。
实施例7. 氨基葡萄糖衍生物阳离子脂质体GluNAc-DiC16MA纳米颗粒的制备:
向50.0 mL圆底烧瓶中,依次加入化合物3’-氨基丙基 2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷( 0.9 g , 3.2 mmol)、鲸蜡基溴(4.0
ml, 12.9 mmol)、碳酸钾(2.1 g)、CH3CH2OH
(10.0 mL)、CH3OH (6.0 mL)。反应混合物在75oC条件下回流反应48 h,TLC (甲醇 : 乙酸乙酯 = 1 : 3,体积比)监测反应情况。用干燥二氯甲烷(20.0 mL)稀释,水洗两次,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,加热浓缩得浆状物。浆状物经柱层析(洗脱剂:甲醇 : 乙酸乙酯 = 1 : 3)分离纯化,得到白色粉末状固体3’-(N,N-二正十六烷基)丙基 2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(0.75 g, 31.9%)。1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 7.41 (s, 1 H, NHAc),4.45(d, 1 H, J 1,2
= 6 Hz, H-1), 3.81-3.80 (m, 3 H, OCHHCH2CH2N(CH2CH2(C13H26)CH3)2,
H-6), 3.66-3.64 (m, 2 H, H-3, H-4), 3.53-3.51 (m, 2 H, OCHHCH2 CH2N(CH2CH2(C13H26)
CH3)2), H-2), 3.32-3.31 (m, 1 H, H-5), 2.50-2.49 (m, 2 H,
OCH2CH2CH 2N(CH2CH2(C13H26)CH3)2),
2.43-2.37 (m,4 H, N(CH 2CH2(C13H26)CH3)2),
2.00 (s, 3 H, CH 3CO), 1.72-1.70 (m, 4 H, OCH2CH 2CH2N(CH2CH2(C13H26)CH3)2),
1.41-1.39 (m, 4 H, N(CH2CH 2(C13H26)CH3)2),
1.39-1.25 (m, 52 H, N(CH2CH2 (C13 H 26)CH3)2),
0.87 (t, 6 H, J = 7.0 Hz, N(CH2CH2(C13H26)CH 3)2);
13C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl3): δ
(ppm) 172.3 (1 C, CH3 CO),100.9 (1 C, C-1), 76.7 (1 C, C-3),
75.8 (1 C, C-5), 74.6 (1 C, C-2), 70.5 (1 C, C-4), 68.1 (1 C, OCH2CH2CH2N(CH2CH2(C13H26)CH3)2),
61.5 (1 C, C-6), 56.3, 53.6 (2 C, N(CH2CH2(C13H26)CH3)2),
50.6 (1 C, OCH2CH2 CH2N(CH2CH2
(C13H26)CH3)2), 31.9, 29.7,
29.6, 29.3, 27.7, 27.2, 26.0, 23.3, 22.7 (29 C, some signals were overlapped,
N(CH2(C 14H28)CH3)2),
OCH2 CH2CH2N(CH2CH2(C13H26)CH3)2),
O CH2 CH2CH2N(CH2CH2(C13H26)CH3)2),
14.0, 14.0 (2 C, N(CH2(C14H28)CH3)2).
向10.0 mL圆底烧瓶中,依次加入化合物3’-(N, N-二正十六烷基)丙基 2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷( 0.3 g , 0.41
mmol)、碘甲烷( 0.11 g , 0.82 mmol , 51.4 µL),THF (5.0 mL),常温下过夜反应,TLC (乙酸乙酯 : 甲醇 = 3 : 1,体积比)监测反应至原料消失。旋蒸去除溶剂,加入(CH3)2CO
(5.0 mL),有白色固体析出,过滤,真空干燥后得到无定形白色固体3’-(N-甲基-N,N-二正十六烷基碘化铵基)丙基 2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(0.21 g , 58.5%)。1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm): 7.87 (d, 1 H, J H-2,N-H = 7.0
Hz, NHAc),5.12 (s, 2 H, OH), 4.69 (d, 1 H, J 1,2 =
7.0 Hz, H-1), 4.42 (s, 1 H, OH), 4.01-4.00 (m, 2 H, OH, OCHHCH2N(CH3)(C16H33)2),3.84-3.80
(m, 3 H, H-6, OCHHCH2CH2N(CH3)(C16H33)2),
3.76-3.60 (m, 4 H, H-3, H-4, OCH2CH2CH 2N(CH3)(C16H33)2),
3.41-3.30 (m, 6 H, H-2, H-5, (CH3)N(CH 2CH2(C13H26)CH3)2),
3.17 (s, 3 H, (CH 3)N(CH2CH2(C13H26)CH3)2),
2.19-2 .16 (m, 2 H, OCH2CH 2CH2N(CH3)(C16H33)2),
2.09 (s, 3 H, CH 3CO), 1.69-1.67 (m, 4 H, (CH3)N(CH2CH 2(C13H26)CH3)2),
1.35-1.25 (m, 52 H, (CH3)N(CH2CH2 (C13 H 26)CH3)2);
13C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl3): δ
(ppm) 172.5 (1 C, CH3 CO), 100.8 (1 C, C-1), 76.9 (1 C,
C-3), 76.7 (1 C, C-5), 76.0 (1 C, C-2), 74.3 (1 C, C-4), 65.8 (1 C, OCH2CH2N(CH3)(C16H33)2),
61.7, 61.3, 61.2 (3 C, OCH2CH2 CH2N(CH3)
(CH2CH2(C13H26) CH3)2),
60.7 (1 C, C-6), 49.3 (1 C, (CH3)N(CH2CH2 (C13H26)CH3)2),
31.9, 29.7, 29.6, 29.5, 29.3, 29.1, 26.3, 23.7, 23.3, 22.6, 22.6 (29 C, some
signals were overlapped, (CH3)N(CH2(C 13H26)CH3)2),
OCH2 CH2CH2N(CH3)(C16H33)2),
14.0, 14.0 (2 C, (CH3)N(CH2(C14H28)CH3)2).
取3’-(N, N-二-正十六烷基)丙基 2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(8.7 mg, 0.01
mmol),用二次蒸馏水(10 mL)经超声波分散得阳离子脂质体GluNAc-DiC16MA纳米颗粒,用Zetasizer Nano ZS仪测得平均粒径84.21
nm,PDI分布0.301,表面电势+57.0 mv,pH = 6.9。
实施例8. 氨基葡萄糖衍生物阳离子脂质体GluNAc-DiC18MA纳米颗粒的制备:
向50.0 mL圆底烧瓶中,依次加入化合物3’-氨基丙基 2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷( 1.1 g , 3.9 mmol)、硬脂基溴(5.2
ml, 15.8 mmol)、碳酸钾(1.9 g)、CH3CH2OH
(10.0 mL)、CH3OH (6.0 mL)。反应混合物在75oC条件下回流反应48 h,TLC (甲醇 : 乙酸乙酯 = 1 : 3,体积比)监测反应情况。用干燥二氯甲烷(15.0 mL)稀释,水洗两次,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,加热浓缩得浆状物。浆状物经柱层析(洗脱剂:甲醇 : 乙酸乙酯 = 1 : 3)分离纯化,得到白色粉末状固体3’-(N, N-二正十八烷基)丙基 2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(0.42 g , 13.6%)。1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 8.13 (s, 1 H, NHAc),4.57(d, 1 H,
J 1,2 = 5 Hz, H-1), 3.95-3.81 (m, 3 H, OCHHCH2CH2N(CH2CH2(C15H30)CH3)2,
H-6), 3.71-3.65 (m, 2H, H-3, H-4), 3.18-3.10 (m, 2 H, OCHHCH2 CH2N(CH2CH2
(C15H30)CH3)2), H-2),
3.39-3.30 (m, 1 H, H-5), 2.53-2.52 (m, 2 H, OCH2CH2 CH 2N(CH2CH2(C15H30)CH3)2),3.30-2.85
(m,4 H, N(CH 2CH2(C15H30)CH3)2),
2.00 (s, 3 H, CH 3CO),1.72- 1.71 (m, 2 H, OCH2CH 2CH2N(CH2CH2(C15H30)CH3)2),
1.31-1.30 (m, 4 H, N(CH2CH 2(C15H30)CH3)2),
1.25-1.23 (m, 60 H, N(CH2CH2 (C15 H 30)CH3)2),
0.85 (t, 6 H, J = 6.75 Hz, N(CH2CH2(C15H30)CH 3)2);
13C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl3): δ
(ppm) 172.5 (1 C, CH3 CO),100.8 (1 C, C-1), 77.2 (1 C, C-3),
75.8 (1 C, C-5), 74.8 (1 C, C-2), 70.6 (1 C, C-4), 65.8 (1 C, OCH2CH2
CH2 N(CH2CH2(C15H30)CH3)2),
61.5 (1 C, C-6), 52.4 (2 C, N(CH2CH2(C11H22)CH3)2),
51.1 (1 C, OCH2CH2 CH2N(CH2CH2
(C15H30)CH3)2), 31.8, 29.6, 29.6,
29.5, 29.4, 29.3, 26.7, 24.2, 23.3, 23.0, 22.6 (29 C, some signals were
overlapped, N(CH2(C 16H32)CH3)2),
OCH2 CH2CH2N(CH2CH2 (C15H30)CH3)2),
14.0, 14.0 (2 C, N(CH2(C16H32)CH3)2).
向10.0 mL圆底烧瓶中,依次加入化合物3’-(N, N-二正十八烷基)丙基 2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷( 0.17 g , 0.21
mmol)、碘甲烷( 0.03 g , 0.42 mmol) 27.0 µL),THF (5.0 mL),常温下过夜反应,TLC (乙酸乙酯 : 甲醇 = 3 : 1,体积比)监测反应至原料消失。旋蒸去除溶剂,加入(CH3)2CO
(5.0 mL),有白色固体析出,过滤,真空干燥后得到无定形白色固体3’-(N-甲基-N,N-二正十八烷基碘化铵基)丙基 2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(0.12 g , 60.1%)。1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm): 8.08 (d, 1 H, J H-2,N-H = 7.0
Hz, NHAc),5.29 (s, 2 H, OH), 4.59 (m, 2 H, OH, H-1), 3.96
(m, 1 H, OCHHCH2CH2N(CH3) (C18H37)2),3.84-3.79
(m, 3 H, H-6, OCHHCH2CH2N(CH3)(C18H37)2),
3.78-3.71 (m, 4 H, H-3, H-4, OCH2CH2 CH 2N(CH3)(C18H37)2),
3.49-3.20 (m, 6 H, H-2, H-5, (CH3)N(CH 2CH2(C15H30)CH3)2),
3.03 (s, 3 H, (CH 3)N(CH2CH2(C15H30)CH3)2),
2.14 (m, 2 H, OCH2CH 2CH2N(CH3)(C18H37)2),
2.05 (s, 3 H, CH 3CO), 1.70 (m, 4 H, (CH3)N(CH2CH 2(C15H30)CH3)2),
1.30-1.23 (m, 60 H, (CH3)N(CH2 CH2(C15 H 30)CH3)2),
0.85 (t, 6 H, J = 6.5 Hz, (CH3)N(CH2CH2(C15H30)CH 3)2);
13C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl3): δ
(ppm) 172.6 (1 C, CH3 CO), 100.8 (1 C, C-1), 77.0 (1 C, C-3),
76.7 (1 C, C-5), 76.0 (1 C, C-2), 74.3 (1 C, C-4), 66.0 (1 C, OCH2CH2CH2N(CH3)(C18H37)2),
61.3, 61.3, 61.2 (3 C, OCH2CH2 CH2 N(CH3)(CH2CH2(C15H30)CH3)2),
55.7 (1 C, C-6), 51.3 (1 C, (CH3)N(CH2CH2 (C15H30)CH3),
31.9, 29.7, 29.6, 29.5, 29.4, 29.3, 26.7, 23.7, 24.2, 23.0, 22.6 (33 C, some
signals were overlapped, (CH3)N(CH2(C 16H32)CH3)2),
14.0, 14.0 (2 C, (CH3)N(CH2(C16H32)CH3)2).
取3’-(N-甲基-N,N二-正十八烷基碘化铵基)丙基 2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(9.2 mg, 0.01 mmol),用二次蒸馏水(10
mL)经超声波分散得阳离子脂质体GluNAc-DiC18MA纳米颗粒,用Zetasizer Nano ZS仪测得平均粒径108.7
nm,PDI分布0.338,表面电势+45.8 mv,pH = 4.5。
各种阳离子脂质体经水超声分散后,所得阳离子脂质体纳米颗粒的平均粒径、PDI分布、Zeta表面电势以及pH值见表2。表中数据表明,所得阳离子脂质体纳米颗粒的平均粒径为80-200
nm;PDI值小,粒径分布相对集中;多数阳离子脂质体纳米颗粒具有较高的表面电势(40-60
mv)和适中的pH值。上述各物理参数表明,所得的氨基葡萄糖阳离子脂质体纳米颗粒具有通过静电作用结合和转运基因类药物的潜力。
表1 各种阳离子脂质体的化学结构
表2 水分散后阳离子脂质体的平均粒径、PDI分布、Zeta表面电势以及pH值