CN105580630A - Rape-grape double-cropping planting method in northern part of Shaanxi Province - Google Patents
Rape-grape double-cropping planting method in northern part of Shaanxi Province Download PDFInfo
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- CN105580630A CN105580630A CN201610111770.2A CN201610111770A CN105580630A CN 105580630 A CN105580630 A CN 105580630A CN 201610111770 A CN201610111770 A CN 201610111770A CN 105580630 A CN105580630 A CN 105580630A
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- rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
Abstract
The invention discloses a rape-grape double-cropping planting method in the northern part of the Shaanxi Province. The planting method includes the steps of pretreatment of land where rapes are planted; winter storing treatment of rape seeds, wherein winter storing treatment includes soaking of the rape seeds, mixing with medium sand, placing of the rape seeds into a winter storing room, adjusting the temperature in the winter storing room and the like; culturing of rice seedlings in the grain rain solar term and the like. According to the planting method, due to the rape seed winter storing method, the two crops of the rapes and rice are reasonably planted in the limited land in different season stages; meanwhile, roots and stems of the two crops serve as base fertilizers of each other, and the use rate of the land is increased; meanwhile, the yield increasing aim that crops can be subjected to double cropping is achieved, and the quite-good use value is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to rape-paddy rice planting method technical field, be specifically related to North Shaanxi rape-waterThe double-cropped implantation methods of rice.
Background technology
The North Shaanxi in Shaanxi Province of China, is the core of Chinese loess plateau, is continental monsoon gasWait, its gross area is 92521.4 square kilometres, is on the paleotopography basis that Mesozoic Era, basement rock formed,Cover Cenozoic Red Earth and very thick loess formation, then pass through flowing water cutting and the soil erosion and the uniqueness that formsLandforms.
North Shaanxi is located in middle Temperate Region in China, and sunshine, abundance, made a clear distinction between the four seasons, climate variability. It is temperature sooner or laterPoor larger, climate was cold, annual rainwater is less and inhomogeneous, spring is windy and dusty, summer rainy water,Winter climate is dry, cold low humidity and precipitation rareness, to such an extent as to the limited time of Planting Crops isReveal 1 year a kind of ripe feature, the utilization rate in soil is reduced, crop yield declines.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide the double-cropped implantation methods of a kind of North Shaanxi rape-paddy rice, separateThe land utilization ratio of having determined in the proportion of crop planting of current northern Shensi is low, the problem that crop yield is low.
The technical scheme that the North Shaanxi of the present invention double-cropped implantation methods of rape-paddy rice adopts is,Comprise the following steps:
Step 1, the pretreatment in the soil of plantation rape, will gather in the also field of rice straw of paddy rice, soAfter in soil, be spilled into thousand grams/acre of fertilizer 800～1000, rotary tillage is evenly and make soil soft;
Step 2, will hide the rapeseed of processing in the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term) through passing the winter when solar term and be planted in through step 1 processingAfter soil in;
Step 3, carries out the cultivation of rice seedling when solar term in grain rains;
Step 4, in harvesting rape when solar term in the Summer Solstice;
Step 5, the pretreatment in the soil of rice cultivation, after rape has been gathered in, rotary tillage soil is to pineSoft, and the preparation rice cultivation that discharges water;
Step 6, is planted in the rice seedling cultivating in step 3 through step 5 soil after treatmentIn;
Step 7, harvesting paddy rice.
Feature of the present invention is also,
In step 2, the winter hides to process and comprises the following steps:
Step 2.1, within Great Cold solar term ten days later, pours rapeseed into the cold water of 30～40 DEG CInterior immersion 18～22 hours, pulls out;
Step 2.2, by common quartz sand screening, sieve is got medium sand;
Step 2.3, by mixed through the medium sand that in step 2.1 rapeseed after treatment and step 2.2, sieve is gotClose evenly, wherein the mass ratio of medium sand and rapeseed is 4:1～5:1, obtains mixture A;
Step 2.4, puts into the winter by mixture A and hides chamber, and it is-5～-8 DEG C that the winter is hidden the indoor temperature in chamber, putsEntering the winter hides in 1st～5 days of chamber, and keeping the percetage by weight of water content in mixture A is 25～35%;
Step 2.5, rainwater solar term front ten days, the winter hid chamber and heats up and make temperature reach 5～10 DEG C, mixesIn thing A, the percetage by weight of water content is 20～25%, and the rapeseed in mixture A is saved at rainwaterAfter gas, in five days, germinate.
In step 3, the cultivation of rice seedling comprises the following steps:
Step 3.1, the pretreatment of rice seedling bed and seedling bed, the soil, rice seedling bed of turning over makes it soft, arranges out seedling bedAnd make seedling bed surface soil layer smooth, in rice seedling bed, discharge water and the depth of water is no more than seedling bed height;
Step 3.2, the pretreatment of seedling-nursing flexible tray, is placed on through step 3.1 after treatment by seedling-nursing flexible trayOn seedling bed, in seedling-nursing flexible tray, insert and mix fertilizer, until being sprinkled into paddy rice seed after immersion completely in seedling-nursing flexible tray,Seedling-nursing flexible tray quantity is 25～30/mu;
Step 3.3, will be through covering successively and mix fertilizer and earth in step 3.2 seedling-nursing flexible tray after treatment,Then at the top of seedling-nursing flexible tray shed overlay film, form planting shed, plantation temperature of shed is 30～35 DEG C;
Step 3.4, when the paddy rice seed through in step 3.3 seedling-nursing flexible tray after treatment germinates and it grows intoOne leaf rice shoot quantity wholeheartedly account for paddy rice seed germination total quantity 80～90% time, plantation temperature of shed be20～25℃；
Step 3.5, when the rice shoot quantity that grows into two leaves through step 3.4 rice seedling after treatment accounts for waterRice seed germination total quantity 80～90% time, plantation temperature of shed be 18～20 DEG C;
Step 3.6, in the time that the mean temperature on daytime is 12～15 DEG C, takes down planting shed, until rice shootGrowth average height is 8～10cm.
Before and after Grain Full solar term, within ten days, carry out spraying insecticide through step 2 rape after treatment, sprayThe number of times that spills pesticide is 1～2 time.
Mixing fertilizer in step 3.2 and step 3.3 comprises that mass fraction is 20～30% fertilizer, matterThe composite fertilizer that the phosphate fertilizer that amount mark is 10～25% and mass fraction are 40～70%, above three's qualityMark summation is 100%.
The beneficial effect of the double-cropped implantation methods of North Shaanxi rape-paddy rice of the present invention is: the present inventionBy adopting the winter to hide the method for rapeseed, in limited soil by rape and two kinds of crops of paddy rice notRationally plant with the stage in time, simultaneously using the rhizome of two kinds of crops mutually as base fertilizer each other, carryingWhen high land utilization ratio, make crops reach the object of double-cropped volume increase, have well and makeBy value.
Detailed description of the invention
Below by detailed description of the invention, the present invention is described in detail.
Embodiment 1
Adopt the double-cropped implantation methods of rape-paddy rice in Yu Jiawan village, Fu County, North Shaanxi, Shaanxi Province,Comprise the following steps:
Step 1, the pretreatment in the soil of plantation rape, will gather in the also field of rice straw of paddy rice, soAfter in soil, be spilled into 800,000 grams/acre of fertilizers, rotary tillage is evenly and make soil soft;
Step 2, will hide the rapeseed of processing in the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term) through passing the winter when solar term and be planted in through step 1 processingAfter soil in;
Winter hides to process and comprises the following steps: first, when solar term, pour 100kg rapeseed into 30 DEG C in Great ColdCold water in soak 18 hours, pull out; Secondly,, by common quartz sand screening, sieve is got modulus of finenessBe 3.0～2.3, the medium sand 400kg that average grain diameter is 0.5～0.25mm; Again, by rapeseed and inSand mixes obtain mixture A completely; Finally, mixture A is put into the winter and hide chamber, it is indoor that the winter is hidden chamberTemperature is-5 DEG C, puts into the winter and hides first 3 days of chamber, keeps the percetage by weight of water content in mixture A to be25%, rainwater solar term front ten days, the winter hid chamber and heats up and make temperature reach 5 DEG C, moisture in mixture AThe percetage by weight of amount is 20%, and the rapeseed in mixture A is germinateed in the time of rainwater solar term.
Step 3, carries out the cultivation of rice seedling in grain rains when solar term, and the cultivation of rice seedling comprises followingStep: first, the pretreatment of rice seedling bed and seedling bed, the soil, rice seedling bed of turning over makes it soft, arranges out seedling bed alsoMake seedling bed surface soil layer smooth, in rice seedling bed, discharge water, and the depth of water is no more than seedling bed height; Secondly, seedlingThe pretreatment of floppy disk, is placed on seedling-nursing flexible tray on seedling bed, inserts and mix fertilizer in seedling-nursing flexible tray, waits to educateIn seedling floppy disk, be sprinkled into paddy rice seed completely after immersion, seedling-nursing flexible tray quantity is 25/mu; Again, in seedlingTop shed the overlay film of floppy disk, form planting shed, and planting shed temperature of shed is 30 DEG C, when paddy rice seed is sent outBud and its grow into leaf rice shoot quantity wholeheartedly account for paddy rice seed germination total quantity 80% time, planting shed canopyInterior temperature is 20 DEG C, and the rice shoot quantity that grows into two leaves when rice seedling accounts for paddy rice seed germination total quantity80% time, planting shed temperature of shed is 18 DEG C, last, in the time that the mean temperature on daytime is 12 DEG C, getsFall shed, until the growth average height of rice shoot is 8cm.
Step 4, in harvesting rape when solar term in the Summer Solstice;
Step 5, the pretreatment in the soil of rice cultivation, after rape has been gathered in, rotary tillage soil is to pineSoft, and the preparation rice cultivation that discharges water;
Step 6, is planted in the rice seedling cultivating in step 3 through step 5 soil after treatmentIn;
Step 7, harvesting paddy rice.
In the time of Grain Full solar term, carry out spraying insecticide 1 time through step 2 rape after treatment.
Mixing fertilizer in step 3 comprises that mass fraction is that 20% fertilizer, mass fraction are 10%Phosphate fertilizer and mass fraction are 70% composite fertilizer.
In Yu Jiawan village, Fu County, North Shaanxi, Shaanxi Province, by using this kind of method plantation, cut at First YearAfter complete rape, carry out rice cultivation, than every mu, the soil of independent rice cultivation and rape increasing production of rice200～220 jin, 30～40 jin of rape yield increasings, have good use value.
Embodiment 2
Adopt the double-cropped implantation methods of rape-paddy rice in Bei He village, Fu County, North Shaanxi, Shaanxi Province, bagDraw together following steps:
Step 1, the pretreatment in the soil of plantation rape, will gather in the also field of rice straw of paddy rice, soAfter in soil, be spilled into 900,000 grams/acre of fertilizers, rotary tillage is evenly and make soil soft;
Step 2, will hide the rapeseed of processing in the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term) through passing the winter when solar term and be planted in through step 1 processingAfter soil in;
Winter hides to process and comprises the following steps: first, and in Great Cold when solar term five days later, by 50kg rapeSeed is poured interior the immersion 20 hours of cold water of 35 DEG C into, pulls out; Secondly, by common quartz sand screening, sieveGetting modulus of fineness is 3.0～2.3, the medium sand 225kg that average grain diameter is 0.5～0.25mm; Again, willRapeseed and medium sand mix obtain mixture A completely; Finally, mixture A is put into the winter and hides chamber,It is-6 DEG C that winter is hidden chamber indoor temperature, puts into the winter and hides first 4 days of chamber, water content in maintenance mixture APercetage by weight is 30%, and in the first five day of rainwater solar term, the winter hides chamber intensification and makes temperature reach 8 DEG C, mixedIn compound A, the percetage by weight of water content is 23%, and the rapeseed in mixture A is after rainwater solar termWithin the 3rd day, germinate;
Step 3, carries out the cultivation of rice seedling in grain rains when solar term, and the cultivation of rice seedling comprises followingStep: first, the pretreatment of rice seedling bed and seedling bed, the soil, rice seedling bed of turning over makes it soft, arranges out seedling bed alsoMake seedling bed surface soil layer smooth, in rice seedling bed, discharge water, and the depth of water is no more than seedling bed height; Secondly, seedlingThe pretreatment of floppy disk, is placed on seedling-nursing flexible tray on seedling bed, inserts and mix fertilizer in seedling-nursing flexible tray, waits to educateIn seedling floppy disk, be sprinkled into paddy rice seed completely after immersion, seedling-nursing flexible tray quantity is 30/mu; Again, in seedlingTop shed the overlay film of floppy disk, form planting shed, and planting shed temperature of shed is 33 DEG C, when paddy rice seed is sent outBud and its grow into leaf rice shoot quantity wholeheartedly account for paddy rice seed germination total quantity 85% time, planting shed canopyInterior temperature is 23 DEG C, and the rice shoot quantity that grows into two leaves when rice seedling accounts for paddy rice seed germination total quantity85% time, planting shed temperature of shed is 19 DEG C, last, in the time that the mean temperature on daytime is 13 DEG C, getsFall shed, until the growth average height of rice shoot is 9cm.
Step 4, in harvesting rape when solar term in the Summer Solstice;
Step 5, the pretreatment in the soil of rice cultivation, after rape has been gathered in, rotary tillage soil is to pineSoft, and the preparation rice cultivation that discharges water;
Step 6, is planted in the rice seedling cultivating in step 3 through step 5 soil after treatmentIn;
Step 7, harvesting paddy rice.
Carry out spraying insecticide 2 time at Grain Full solar term within front ten days through step 2 rape after treatment.
Mixing fertilizer in step 3 comprises that mass fraction is that 25% fertilizer, mass fraction are 20%Phosphate fertilizer and mass fraction are 55% composite fertilizer.
In Bei He village, Fu County, North Shaanxi, Shaanxi Province, by using this kind of method plantation, cut at First YearAfter rape, carry out rice cultivation, the rice oiliness of producing is larger, and rape and paddy rice have utilized rhizome mutuallyMake base fertilizer and reached the object raising productivity and improving the quality, also solved the problem that northern rape is difficult to survive the winter.
Embodiment 3
Adopt the double-cropped implantation methods of rape-paddy rice in Yu Jiawan village, Fu County, North Shaanxi, Shaanxi Province,Comprise the following steps:
Step 1, the pretreatment in the soil of plantation rape, will gather in the also field of rice straw of paddy rice, soAfter in soil, be spilled into 1,000 thousand grams/acre of fertilizers, rotary tillage is evenly and make soil soft;
Step 2, will hide the rapeseed of processing in the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term) through passing the winter when solar term and be planted in through step 1 processingAfter soil in;
Winter hides to process and comprises the following steps: first, when solar term, pour 200kg rapeseed into 30 DEG C in Great ColdCold water in soak 18 hours, pull out; Secondly,, by common quartz sand screening, sieve is got modulus of finenessBe 3.0～2.3, the medium sand 1000kg that average grain diameter is 0.5～0.25mm; Again, by rapeseed and inSand mixes obtain mixture A completely; Finally, mixture A is put into the winter and hide chamber, the winter is hidden the temperature of chamberDegree is for-8 DEG C, puts into the winter and hides first 5 days of chamber, keeps the percetage by weight of water content in mixture A to be35%, rainwater solar term front ten days, the winter hid chamber and heats up and make temperature reach 10 DEG C, in mixture A, containsThe percetage by weight of the water yield is 25%, and the rapeseed in mixture A is germinateed for the 5th day after rainwater solar term;
Step 3, carries out the cultivation of rice seedling in grain rains when solar term, and the cultivation of rice seedling comprises followingStep: first, the pretreatment of rice seedling bed and seedling bed, the soil, rice seedling bed of turning over makes it soft, arranges out seedling bed alsoMake seedling bed surface soil layer smooth, in rice seedling bed, discharge water, and the depth of water is no more than seedling bed height; Secondly, seedlingThe pretreatment of floppy disk, is placed on seedling-nursing flexible tray on seedling bed, inserts and mix fertilizer in seedling-nursing flexible tray, waits to educateIn seedling floppy disk, be sprinkled into paddy rice seed completely after immersion, seedling-nursing flexible tray quantity is 30/mu; Again, in seedlingTop shed the overlay film of floppy disk, form planting shed, and planting shed temperature of shed is 35 DEG C, when paddy rice seed is sent outBud and its grow into leaf rice shoot quantity wholeheartedly account for paddy rice seed germination total quantity 90% time, planting shed canopyInterior temperature is 25 DEG C, and the rice shoot quantity that grows into two leaves when rice seedling accounts for paddy rice seed germination total quantity90% time, planting shed temperature of shed is 20 DEG C, last, in the time that the mean temperature on daytime is 15 DEG C, getsFall shed, until the growth average height of rice shoot is 10cm.
Step 4, in harvesting rape when solar term in the Summer Solstice;
Step 5, the pretreatment in the soil of rice cultivation, after rape has been gathered in, rotary tillage soil is to pineSoft, and the preparation rice cultivation that discharges water;
Step 6, is planted in the rice seedling cultivating in step 3 through step 5 soil after treatmentIn;
Step 7, harvesting paddy rice.
After Grain Full solar term, within ten days, carry out spraying insecticide 2 times through step 2 rape after treatment.
Mixing fertilizer in step 3 comprises that mass fraction is that 30% fertilizer, mass fraction are 25%Phosphate fertilizer and mass fraction are 45% composite fertilizer.
The present invention is by adopting the winter to hide the method for rapeseed, in limited soil by two kinds, rape and paddy riceCrops were rationally planted in the different stages in time, simultaneously using the rhizome of two kinds of crops mutually as each otherBase fertilizer, improving in land utilization ratio, makes crops reach the object of double-cropped volume increase,There is good use value.
Claims (5)
1. the double-cropped implantation methods of North Shaanxi rape-paddy rice, is characterized in that, comprises following stepRapid:
Step 1, the pretreatment in the soil of plantation rape, will gather in the also field of rice straw of paddy rice, soAfter in soil, be spilled into thousand grams/acre of fertilizer 800～1000, rotary tillage is evenly and make soil soft;
Step 2, will hide the rapeseed of processing in the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term) through passing the winter when solar term and be planted in through step 1 processingAfter soil in;
Step 3, carries out the cultivation of rice seedling when solar term in grain rains;
Step 4, in harvesting rape when solar term in the Summer Solstice;
Step 5, the pretreatment in the soil of rice cultivation, after rape has been gathered in, rotary tillage soil is to pineSoft, and the preparation rice cultivation that discharges water;
Step 6, is planted in the rice seedling cultivating in step 3 through step 5 soil after treatmentIn;
Step 7, harvesting paddy rice.
2. the double-cropped implantation methods of North Shaanxi according to claim 1 rape-paddy rice, itsBe characterised in that, the winter described in step 2 hides to process and comprises the following steps:
Step 2.1, within Great Cold solar term ten days later, pours rapeseed into the cold water of 30～40 DEG CInterior immersion 18～22 hours, pulls out;
Step 2.2, by common quartz sand screening, sieve is got medium sand;
Step 2.3, by mixed through the medium sand that in step 2.1 rapeseed after treatment and step 2.2, sieve is gotClose evenly, wherein the mass ratio of medium sand and rapeseed is 4:1～5:1, obtains mixture A;
Step 2.4, puts into the winter by mixture A and hides chamber, and it is-5～-8 DEG C that the winter is hidden the indoor temperature in chamber, putsEntering the winter hides in 1st～5 days of chamber, and keeping the percetage by weight of water content in mixture A is 25～35%;
Step 2.5, rainwater solar term front ten days, the winter hid chamber and heats up and make temperature reach 5～10 DEG C, mixesIn thing A, the percetage by weight of water content is 20～25%, and the rapeseed in mixture A is saved at rainwaterAfter gas, in five days, germinate.
3. the double-cropped implantation methods of North Shaanxi according to claim 1 rape-paddy rice, itsBe characterised in that, in described step 3, the cultivation of rice seedling comprises the following steps:
Step 3.1, the pretreatment of rice seedling bed and seedling bed, the soil, rice seedling bed of turning over makes it soft, arranges out seedling bedAnd make seedling bed surface soil layer smooth, in rice seedling bed, discharge water and the depth of water is no more than seedling bed height;
Step 3.2, the pretreatment of seedling-nursing flexible tray, is placed on through step 3.1 after treatment by seedling-nursing flexible trayOn seedling bed, in seedling-nursing flexible tray, insert and mix fertilizer, until being sprinkled into paddy rice seed after immersion completely in seedling-nursing flexible tray,Described seedling-nursing flexible tray quantity is 25～30/mu;
Step 3.3, will be through covering successively and mix fertilizer and earth in step 3.2 seedling-nursing flexible tray after treatment,Then at the top of seedling-nursing flexible tray shed overlay film, form planting shed, described plantation temperature of shed is30～35℃；
Step 3.4, when the paddy rice seed through in step 3.3 seedling-nursing flexible tray after treatment germinates and it grows intoOne leaf rice shoot quantity wholeheartedly account for paddy rice seed germination total quantity 80～90% time, temperature in described planting shedDegree is 20～25 DEG C;
Step 3.5, when the rice shoot quantity that grows into two leaves through step 3.4 rice seedling after treatment accounts for waterRice seed germination total quantity 80～90% time, described plantation temperature of shed is 18～20 DEG C;
Step 3.6, in the time that the mean temperature on daytime is 12～15 DEG C, takes down planting shed, until rice shootGrowth average height is 8～10cm.
4. the double-cropped implantation methods of North Shaanxi according to claim 1 rape-paddy rice, itsBe characterised in that, within ten days, spray before and after Grain Full solar term through described step 2 rape after treatmentSpill pesticide, the number of times of spraying insecticide is 1～2 time.
5. the double-cropped implantation methods of North Shaanxi according to claim 3 rape-paddy rice, itsBe characterised in that, the mixing fertilizer in described step 3.2 and step 3.3 comprises that mass fraction is 20～30%Fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer that mass fraction is 10～25% and the mass fraction composite fertilizer that is 40～70%, withUpper three's mass fraction summation is 100%.
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| CN116724840A (en) * | 2023-06-28 | 2023-09-12 | 华中农业大学 | Rice oil tanker annual straw returning fertilizer decrement fertilization method and application thereof |
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