CN105567401A - 一种抽油机减速箱专用齿轮油 - Google Patents

一种抽油机减速箱专用齿轮油 Download PDF

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CN105567401A
CN105567401A CN201610082397.2A CN201610082397A CN105567401A CN 105567401 A CN105567401 A CN 105567401A CN 201610082397 A CN201610082397 A CN 201610082397A CN 105567401 A CN105567401 A CN 105567401A
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pumping unit
reduction gearbox
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郑生宏
王稳
许丽
杨超
胡骄阳
高智强
朱志强
董元虎
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种抽油机减速箱专用齿轮油,其原料的质量份配比为调和基础油、茂聚异丁烯、茂金属聚α烯烃150、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、极压抗磨剂、清净剂、分散剂、苯并三氮唑、消泡剂、抗乳化剂T1001组成,其中调和基础油由石蜡基基础油600SN、残留油150BS、加氢精制油250N组成,极压抗磨剂是硫代磷酸胺盐与双辛基二硫代磷酸锌和/或油溶性钼的混合物。本发明减速箱齿轮油在理化指标和使用性能方面均优于工业闭式齿轮油,具有良好的极压抗磨性能、热氧化安定性、抗腐蚀性能以及抗乳化性能,满足油田抽油机油的使用要求。

Description

一种抽油机减速箱专用齿轮油
技术领域
本发明属于润滑技术领域,具体涉及一种抽油机减速箱专用齿轮油。
背景技术
抽油机减速箱油主要使用于油田抽油机减速箱中,和普通工业齿轮油不同,需要满足抽油机的特殊使用要求。抽油机的工作特点是:重负荷、低速、交变载荷、连续长时间工作、工作环境恶劣、温差大。例如:吐哈油田主力油区处于新疆吐鲁番地区,四季分明,日照时间长,昼夜温差大,年平均温度为35℃,高温天气一般可达99天,其中40℃以上高温可达36天。
要满足上述要求的减速箱润滑油品应具有:良好的抗交变载荷能力,具有一定的极压性;适宜的粘度和粘温特性,满足冬夏气候变化;具有良好的抗氧化能力,使用时间长;具有良好的抗乳化能力,防止润滑油乳化变质;具有良好的剪切安定性和抗泡沫性。而油田现在普遍采用中负荷工业齿轮油L-CKC150、L-CKC220作为抽油机减速润滑油,通用性的工业齿轮油并不能完全满足抽油机减速箱油的使用要求,不能完全适用于抽油机减速箱,必须使用专用的抽油机减速箱油。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于提供一种具有优异的极压抗磨性能、高温热氧化安定性能以及良好乳化性能,专用于抽油机减速箱的齿轮油。
解决上述技术问题所采用的技术方案是该齿轮油由下述质量份配比的原料制成:
上述的抽油机减速箱专用齿轮油优选由下述质量份配比的原料制成:
上述的调和基础油由下述质量百分配比的原料组成:
石蜡基基础油600SN70%~90%
残留油150BS5%~25%
加氢精制油250N1%~5%
上述的调和基础油优选由下述质量百分配比的原料组成:
石蜡基基础油600SN75%~85%
残留油150BS10%~20%
加氢精制油250N3%~5%。
上述的极压抗磨剂是硫代磷酸胺盐与双辛基二硫代磷酸锌和/或油溶性钼的混合物,优选硫代磷酸胺盐与双辛基二硫代磷酸锌或油溶性钼的质量比为1:1的混合物,进一步优选硫代磷酸胺盐与双辛基二硫代磷酸锌、油溶性钼的质量比为1:(1~2):(0.1~1)的混合物,最佳选择硫代磷酸胺盐与双辛基二硫代磷酸锌、油溶性钼的质量比为1:1:0.25的混合物。
上述的聚异丁烯的平均分子量为1300万~2400万,所述的聚甲基丙烯酸酯的平均分子量为5万~10万,所述的清净剂为常用的石油磺酸钙类,如:锦州惠发天和有限公司的104A(TBN25)低碱值合成烷基苯磺酸钙、T106A(TBN300)高碱值线型烷基苯合成磺酸钙、T106B(TBN300)长链线型烷基苯高碱值合成磺酸钙、T106D(TBN400)长链线型烷基苯高碱值合成磺酸钙等,还可选用高碱值硫化烷基酚钙,如:路博润兰炼添加剂有限公司的LZL115A、LZL115B等;分散剂为常用的丁二酰亚胺聚合物,如:锦州惠发天和有限公司的151A聚异丁烯基丁二酰亚胺、T154A聚异丁烯基丁二酰亚胺、T154B硼化聚异丁烯基丁二酰亚胺、T155A聚异丁烯基丁二酰亚胺、T161A高分子量聚异丁烯基丁二酰亚胺、T161B硼化高分子量聚异丁烯基丁二酰亚胺、T164A高分子量聚异丁烯基丁二酰亚胺、T165A高分子量聚异丁烯基丁二酰亚胺等;消泡剂为常用的甲基硅油。
本发明抽油机减速箱专用齿轮油的制备方法为:按照上述原料的质量份配比,向调和基础油中加入聚异丁烯、茂金属聚α烯烃150、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、极压抗磨剂、清净剂、分散剂、消泡剂、T1001抗乳化剂,搅拌均匀后升温至70℃,然后加入完全溶解于乙醇的苯并三氮唑,恒温搅拌至乙醇完全挥发,得到抽油机减速箱专用齿轮油。
本发明的有益效果如下:
1、本发明将极压抗磨剂磷酸三甲酚酯与双辛基二硫代磷酸锌和/或油溶性钼复配,它们之间表现出明显的协同促进作用,同时还有表面修复增效作用,能够减少齿轮表面麻点、凹坑。另外,硫代磷酸胺盐对抗乳化剂T1001有增效作用,增加硫代磷酸胺盐的用量,抗乳化剂T1001的抗乳化性能提高。
2、本发明采用茂金属PAO150作为增粘剂,其与其他组分复配不但有增粘效果而且有抗氧化作用,成品油中无需加入抗氧化剂。
3、本发明的油田抽油机减速箱专用齿轮油具有优异的剪切稳定性、粘温性能、抗乳化性能、防锈性能和极压抗磨性能,能够保证抽油机减速箱的正常运转。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明进一步详细说明,但本发明的保护范围不仅限于这些实施例。
实施例1
以制备本发明抽油机减速箱专用齿轮油所用调和基础油1000g为例,其原料组成如下:
其制备方法为:将900g石蜡基基础油600SN、80g残留油150BS、20g加氢精制油250N混合均匀,配制成1000g调和基础油,然后向1000g调和基础油中加入90g聚异丁烯PB2400、50g茂金属聚α烯烃150、4g平均分子量为7万的聚甲基丙烯酸酯、5g硫代磷酸胺盐、5g双辛基二硫代磷酸锌、3g油溶性钼、10gT154A聚异丁烯丁二酰亚胺、30gT106D高碱值合成磺酸钙、0.01g甲基硅油T901、T1001抗乳化剂,搅拌均匀后升温至70℃,然后加入完全溶解于乙醇的0.5g苯并三氮唑,恒温搅拌至乙醇完全挥发,得到抽油机减速箱专用齿轮油。
实施例2
以制备本发明抽油机减速箱专用齿轮油所用调和基础油1000g为例,其原料组成如下:
其制备方法与实施例1相同。
实施例3
以制备本发明抽油机减速箱专用齿轮油所用调和基础油1000g为例,其原料组成如下:
其制备方法与实施例1相同。
实施例4
以制备本发明抽油机减速箱专用齿轮油所用调和基础油1000g为例,其原料组成如下:
其制备方法与实施例1相同。
为了确定本发明的最佳配比,发明人进行了大量的实验室研究试验,各种试验情况如下:
一、抗磨性试验
根据GB/T12583,在四球试验机上测试最大无卡咬负荷PB(指在试验条件下不发生卡咬的最高负荷,代表油膜强度);根据SH/T0189测试综合磨痕直径WSD(在一定负荷下若干钢球磨痕直径的平均值)评定润滑油的承载能力,在392N、30min条件下进行长磨试验。
1、单剂极压抗磨性试验
以调和基础油的质量百分比组成为:石蜡基基础油600SN90%、残留油150BS8%、加氢精制油250N2%,向调和基础油中分别加入其不同质量百分含量的油溶性钼、硫代磷酸胺盐(T307)、双辛基二硫代磷酸锌(T203)作为极压抗磨剂,试验结果见表1。
表1极压抗磨剂单剂试验
从表1可见,各单剂四球试验的指标比较均衡,油溶性钼抗磨性较T203、T307的性能较差。
2、双剂极压抗磨性试验
按照试验1中调和基础油的质量百分配比,分别向其中加入两种极压抗磨剂,结果见表2。
表2两种极压抗磨剂试验
添加剂种类 加量 WSD(392N,30min) PB/N F/N
油溶性钼+T203 0.5%+0.5% 0.49 880 3.1
T307+T203 0.5%+0.5% 0.37 1410 2.8
油溶性钼+T307 0.5%+0.5% 0.41 1320 2.5
从表2可见,T307与T203具有明显的抗磨协同作用,其效果最好,长磨直径最小,极压值最大,而油溶性钼主要起表面修复的作用,油溶性钼与T307复合对极压性能有较大提高。
3、三剂极压抗磨性试验
按照试验1中调和基础油的质量百分配比,分别向其中加入三种极压抗磨剂,正交试验的因素水平见表3,试验结果见表4。
表3正交试验各因素水平的确定
表4正交试验结果
由表4可见,三种极压抗磨剂T203、油溶性钼与T307具有优异的抗磨协同增效作用,能够大大提高油品的抗磨性能和极压性能,极压值和长磨指标得到显著提高,特别是F-4试验组,向调和基础油中添加其质量0.2%油溶性钼、0.8%T307和0.8%T203时,PB值达到1430N,长磨直径减小至0.34mm,效果极佳。
二、抗乳化性能试验
抽油机油还应该具有优异的抗乳化性能,以防止水分进入抽油机减速箱对油品乳化污染,进行了相应的抗乳化试验,包括单剂试验、复合试验。
1、抽油机减速箱油抗乳化性能单剂对比试验
以调和基础油的质量百分比组成为:石蜡基基础油600SN90%、残留油150BS8%、加氢精制油250N2%,向调和基础油中分别加入其不同质量分数的DL32抗乳化剂、T1001抗乳化剂、路博润破乳剂LZ5957,进行抗乳化性能试验,抗乳化剂添加量及试验结果分别如表5、表6所示。
表5抗乳化剂的添加量
表6各单剂抗乳化性能试验结果
注:表中(43-37-0)40中的43表示油相体积,37表示水相体积,0表示乳化层体积,单位均为mL,40表示油水分离时间,单位分钟,其他结果代表意义与上述相同。
根据表6中的试验结果可以看出,T1001具有良好的抗乳化效果,使调和基础油能够很快从油水混合液中分离出来,并且分离出的水层非常清晰,无白色油花附着于玻璃管壁,随着加量的增大,抗乳化效果确不及加量较小时的效果,适宜的加量约为0.2%;DL32也具有一定的抗乳化效果,油水分离较为彻底,但油水分离至最终油水体积不变时需50分钟以上,分离速度明显小于T1001;路博润破乳剂LZ5957在表5加量范围内无明显的的抗乳化效果。
由于抗乳化剂的添加量不同可能带来的抗乳化及效果的不同,发明人将路博润破乳剂LZ5957添加量分别增加至0.1%、0.2%进行抗乳化试验,结果仍然无明显变化,同时DL32添加量提高至0.1%和0.2%的效果与表5中添加量的效果基本相同,无明显提高。结合上述试验结果,发明人将T1001油水分离快和DL32分离彻底的优点结合,将0.2%T1001与0.02%DL32复配添加,试验效果与仅添加0.2%T1001的效果基本相同,所以本发明选择T1001作为抽油机减速箱油抗乳化剂,适宜加量约为0.2%。
2、抽油机减速箱油抗乳化性感受性试验
添加剂单剂的使用效果有可能在与其他添加剂复配后会有增效或抵抗的作用,所以在选用添加剂时,除了单剂的优异效果外,还要考虑添加剂的复配效应。抽油机减速箱油为了满足低温、防腐、防锈、抗氧化、抗磨损等性能,添加有不同的功能添加剂,抗乳化剂的加入可能与其中的功能剂产生不利的作用。所以将T1001与抽油机减速箱油的功能添加剂进行复配,考察协和与对抗效应。抽油机减速箱油所选用的添加剂如表7所示。
表7抽油机减速箱油添加剂
序号 添加剂代号 加量 添加剂学名
1 T1 6% 聚异丁烯PB2400
2 T2 5% 茂金属聚α烯烃150
3 T3 0.6% 双辛基二硫代磷酸锌
4 T4 0.2% 聚甲基丙烯酸酯(分子量7万)
5 T5 0.6% 硫代磷酸胺盐
6 T6 0.15% 油溶性钼9 -->
7 T7 0.01% 苯并三氮唑
8 T8 0.5% T154A聚异丁烯丁二酰亚胺
9 T9 1.5% T106D高碱值合成磺酸钙
以调和基础油的质量百分比组成为:石蜡基基础油600SN90%、残留油150BS8%、加氢精制油250N2%,向调和基础有种添加其质量0.2%的T1001,并分别与表7中的9种添加剂复配进行抗乳化试验,根据时间记录每个小样的油水分离情况,试验结果见表8。
表8T1001与各功能添加剂的复配效应
序号 加量 5min 10min 15min 30min
1 0.2%T1001+6%T1 51-29-0 45-35-0 43-37-0 44-36-0
2 0.2%T1001+5%T2 55-25-0 49-31-0 45-35-0 43-37-0
3 0.2%T1001+0.6%T3 47-33-0 45-35-0 43-37-0 42-38-0
4 0.2%T1001+0.2%T4 50-30-0 45-35-0 44-36-0 43-37-0
5 0.2%T1001+0.6%T5 44-36-0 43-37-0 43-37-0 43-37-0
6 0.2%T1001+0.15%T6 58-22-0 50-30-0 43-37-0 43-37-0
7 0.2%T1001+0.01%T7 48-32-0 46-34-0 43-37-0 42-38-0
8 0.2%T1001+0.5%T8 48-32-0 46-34-0 43-37-0 42-38-0
9 0.2%T1001+1.5%T9 50-30-0 45-35-0 44-36-0 43-37-0
注:表中51-29-0中的51表示油相体积,29表示水相体积,0表示乳化层体积,单位均为mL。其他结果代表意义与上述相同。
根据表8可见,T1001与各添加剂复配效果良好,特别是与T3、T5复配的抗乳化效果较其他几种添加剂更好,0.2%T1001+0.5%T5在抗乳化试验结束后油水直接快速分离,后期油水层体积基本不变,可见T1001与T5(硫代磷酸铵盐极压抗磨剂)具有复配增效的作用;其他添加剂对T1001抗乳化效果影响不大。
为了验证T1001在终产品中与抽油机减速箱油添加剂及调和基础油的整体感受性,发明人采用了两种组成的抽油机减速箱油进行试验,由于GB5903-2011中规定的抗乳化性试验采用GB/T8022是在82℃条件下完成的,所以按照GB/T7305-87试验时增加了全配方的82℃试验,如表9所示。
表9两种抽油机减速箱油抗乳化性试验
由表9可见,油品的乳化液在54℃和82℃下均能快速分离,说明T1001对抽油机减速箱油全配方的感受性良好,成品油的抗乳化性能较好,且高温条件下的抗乳化性能高于温度较低下的性能,油水的分离速度更快,满足使用要求。由于T1001加入后会使油品的透明度降低,影响产品感官,所以在满足抗乳化性能要求时,尽量减少T1001的加量,以保证油品的外观透亮。因此,本发明选择抗乳化剂T1001的优选加量为调和基础油质量的0.1%~0.2%。
三、抗氧化性试验
抽油机减速箱油主要的工作环境温度不像发动机等内燃机的工作环境,最高温度不高,但也需要满足相应的抗氧化性能,可以加入广谱型抗氧化剂酚型抗氧剂T501和少量高温抗氧剂实现功能要求。在试验过程中,为了减少润滑油增粘剂聚异丁烯的加量,提高油品的剪切稳定性,选用了高粘度茂金属聚α烯烃150提高油品粘度,具体试验及结果见表10。
表10氧化安定性试验
氧化安定性试验要求:试油在121℃条件下放置312h,测定100℃运动粘度增长不大于6%,沉淀值不大于0.1mL,即为合格。根据表10的试验结果来看,未添加抗氧化剂而添加茂金属聚α烯烃150的100℃运动粘度增长率逐渐减小,抗氧化效果优良,不添加抗氧化剂,加入茂金属聚α烯烃150也可提高抽油机油的抗氧化效果。试验结果说明,茂金属聚α烯烃150除了具有增粘的效果外,对整个配方体系还具有额外的抗氧化效果,最终为了节约成本,本发明抽油机减速箱油不添加抗氧化剂,仍具有良好的抗氧化性能。
四、防锈性能试验
抽油机油减速箱齿轮浸入油中,防止水分和硫成分对齿轮表面及箱体内部的腐蚀,抽油机减速箱油需要具有一定的防腐蚀性能。发明人进行了铜片腐蚀试验,油温100℃,持续时间3小时,观察铜片的外观和颜色,是否有明显的变化。结果见表11。
表11防锈性能试验
由表11可以看出,没有加苯并三氮唑的A1组防锈性能较低,其原因主要是采用的极压抗磨剂硫代磷酸胺盐中含有硫元素导致油品对金属产生较大的腐蚀性。为了确保后期含水后腐蚀性能的变化,成品油中需加入苯并三氮唑满足防锈要求。但由于苯并三氮唑属于非油溶性防锈剂,需要使用乙醇将其溶解,并在一定的温度和添加顺序下调和,才能生产出合格的产品,否则苯并三氮唑的乙醇溶液与基础油的溶解和添加剂之间会有较大的抵抗作用。
为了证明本发明的有益效果,发明人对实施例1~4制备的抽油机减速箱专用齿轮油进行了性能测试,测试结果见表12。
由表12的测试结果可以看出,本发明抽油机减速箱专用齿轮油的各指标优异,具有良好的抗磨性、抗乳化性、抗氧化性和抗腐蚀性能,能够满足抽油机减速箱油的性能要求。
表12本发明抽油机减速箱专用齿轮油的性能指标

Claims (9)

1.一种抽油机减速箱专用齿轮油,其特征在于它由下述质量份配比的原料制成:
上述的调和基础油由下述质量百分配比的原料组成:
石蜡基基础油600SN70%~90%
残留油150BS5%~25%
加氢精制油250N1%~5%
上述的极压抗磨剂是硫代磷酸胺盐与双辛基二硫代磷酸锌和/或油溶性钼的混合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的抽油机减速箱专用齿轮油,其特征在于它由下述质量份配比的原料制成:
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的抽油机减速箱专用齿轮油,其特征在于所述的调和基础油由下述质量百分配比的原料组成:
石蜡基基础油600SN75%~85%
残留油150BS10%~20%
加氢精制油250N3%~5%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的抽油机减速箱专用齿轮油,其特征在于:所述的极压抗磨剂是硫代磷酸胺盐与双辛基二硫代磷酸锌或油溶性钼的质量比为1:1的混合物。
5.根据权利要求1所述的抽油机减速箱专用齿轮油,其特征在于:所述的极压抗磨剂是硫代磷酸胺盐与双辛基二硫代磷酸锌、油溶性钼的质量比为1:(1~2):(0.1~1)的混合物。
6.根据权利要求1所述的抽油机减速箱专用齿轮油,其特征在于:所述的极压抗磨剂是硫代磷酸胺盐与双辛基二硫代磷酸锌、油溶性钼的质量比为1:1:0.25的混合物。
7.根据权利要求1所述的抽油机减速箱专用齿轮油,其特征在于:所述的聚异丁烯的平均分子量为1300万~2400万。
8.根据权利要求1所述的抽油机减速箱专用齿轮油,其特征在于:所述的聚甲基丙烯酸酯的平均分子量为5万~10万。
9.根据权利要求1所述的抽油机减速箱专用齿轮油,其特征在于该齿轮油的制备方法为:向调和基础油中加入聚异丁烯、茂金属聚α烯烃150、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、极压抗磨剂、清净剂、分散剂、消泡剂、T1001抗乳化剂,搅拌均匀后升温至70℃,然后加入完全溶解于乙醇的苯并三氮唑,恒温搅拌至乙醇完全挥发,得到抽油机减速箱专用齿轮油。
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CN113999716A (zh) * 2020-07-28 2022-02-01 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 一种润滑油组合物及其应用
CN113999716B (zh) * 2020-07-28 2023-04-07 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 一种润滑油组合物及其应用
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