CN105566179B - 一种制备手性α‑氟‑β‑氨基酸衍生物的方法 - Google Patents
一种制备手性α‑氟‑β‑氨基酸衍生物的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- -1 fluorine beta amino acids Chemical class 0.000 title abstract description 9
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种制备手性α‑氟‑β‑氨基酸衍生物的方法,在有机溶剂中,手性(Rs)‑N‑(叔丁基亚磺酰)亚胺、氟乙酸烷基酯以及碱在‑90℃~30℃温度下,反应0.5~5小时,得到手性α‑氟‑β‑氨基酸。与现有技术相比,本发明采用氟乙酸烷基酯作为起始原料,通过与手性亚胺发生加成反应,得到手性α‑氟‑β‑氨基酸。这种方法简洁高效,普适性高。本发明用到的原料经济易得,制备的工艺条件温和、方法高效且制备得到的α‑氟‑β‑氨基酸光学纯度高。本发明制备得到的手性α‑氟‑β‑氨基酸,为一种潜在的生物活性分子合成砌块,有望在不对称合成以及医药研发领域得到应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种有机合成中间体的制备方法,尤其是涉及一种制备手性α-氟-β-氨基酸衍生物的方法。
背景技术
β-氨基酸,在结构上与α-氨基酸最为接近,并且β-氨基酸形成的β-肽不仅能形成稳定的二级结构,而且对肽水解酶的稳定性更好(D.Seebach,J.L.Matthews,Chem.Commun.1997,2015–2022)。因此,氟代的β-氨基酸以及相应的氟代β-肽的合成,在医药以及生物活性分子的开发领域得到了广泛的应用(Enantioselective Synthesis ofβ-Amino Acids,2nd ed.(Eds.:E.Juaristi,V.A.Soloshonok),Wiley,New York,2005)。
因为涉及到手性sp3碳-氟键的构建,α-氟-β-氨基酸在合成上具有很大的难度。目前已知的合成方法有对α-羟基-β-氨基酸酯脱氧氟化的制备方法,但这种方法路线长(从α-氨基酸开始,十余步反应),并且氟化过程伴随着重排反应(T.Yoshinari,F.Gessier,C.Noti,A.K.Beck,D.Seebach,Helv.Chim.Acta 2011,94,1908–1942)。另外,对手性烯醇负离子的氟化也被用来合成此类化合物,但这种方法选择性以及产率往往不高,且制备方法昂贵((a)P.J.Duggan,M.Johnston,T.L.March,J.Org.Chem.2010,75,7365–7372;(b)V.Peddie,A.D.Abell,Helv.Chim.Acta 2012,95,2460–2472)。
最近,发展了α-氟-β-二羰基化合物与亚胺在有机碱催化下的加成反应,能够取得较好的产率和非对映选择性,但后续脱羧制备α-氟代β-氨基酸过程却发生了相当程度的消旋,导致C-F键生成的立体选择性不高(Y.Pan,Y.Zhao,T.Ma,Y.Yang,H.Liu,Z.Jiang,C.-HTan,Chem.Eur.J.2010,16,779–782)。氟溴乙酸乙酯对手性亚胺的Reformatsky反应也被用来构建α-氟-β-氨基酸,但立体选择性很差(Z.-T.Jing,Y.-G.Huanga,F.-L.Qing,Chin.Chem.Lett.2011,22,919–922)。
考虑到α-氟-β-氨基酸的重要性以及目前方法的局限性,发展简洁高效的合成方法具有重要的意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是为了克服上述现有技术存在的缺陷而提供一种手性α-氟-β-氨基酸衍生物的制备方法,该方法制备条件温和,方法高效,且制备得到的α-氟-β-氨基酸衍生物的光学纯度高。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案来实现:
一种制备手性α-氟-β-氨基酸衍生物的方法,其特征在于,在有机溶剂中,手性(Rs)-N-(叔丁基亚磺酰)亚胺、氟乙酸烷基酯以及碱在-90℃~30℃温度下,反应0.5~5个小时,得到手性α-氟-β-氨基酸;
其中,(Rs)-N-(叔丁基亚磺酰)亚胺具有如下结构式:
其中:R为C1-9的烷基、C2-8的烯基、C4-12的芳基或C4-12的取代芳基;
所述的取代芳基为C1-6的烷基取代的芳基、C1-8的烷氧基取代的芳基、卤代芳基、酯基取代的芳基、硝基取代的芳基或腈基取代的芳基;
所述的芳基为苯基、萘基或吡啶基。
所述的氟乙酸烷基酯具有如下结构式:
其中R’为C1-6的烷基或C1-6的烷基取代的苯基。
所述的碱为叔丁醇钠、叔丁醇钾、双(三甲基硅基)氨基锂、双(三甲基)硅基氨基钠、双(三甲基)硅基氨基钾或二(异丙基)胺基锂。
(Rs)-N-(叔丁基亚磺酰)亚胺、氟乙酸烷基酯以及碱的摩尔比为1:(1~2.5):(1~2.5)。
所述的有机溶剂为乙醚、四氢呋喃、二氯甲烷、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺或二甲基亚砜。
典型反应如下:
上述式(1)中(Rs)-N-(叔丁基亚磺酰)亚胺可采用文献Liu,G.;Cogan,D.A.;Owens,T.D.;Tang,T.P.;Ellman,J.A.J.Org.Chem.1999,64,1278报道的方法制备.
上述式(2)中所示的氟乙酸烷基酯可采用常规的合成方法进行制备,其中氟乙酸甲酯和氟乙酸乙酯是大宗的化学品。
与现有技术相比,本发明采用氟乙酸烷基酯(特别是大宗的化学品氟乙酸甲酯和氟乙酸乙酯)作为起始原料,通过与手性亚胺发生加成反应,得到手性α-氟-β-氨基酸。这种方法简洁高效,普适性高。
本发明制备的手性α-氟-β-氨基酸的方法,制备用到的原料经济易得,制备的工艺条件温和、方法高效且制备得到的α-氟-β-氨基酸光学纯度高。本发明制备得到的手性α-氟-β-氨基酸,为一种潜在的生物活性分子合成砌块,有望在不对称合成以及医药研发领域得到应用。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。
以下实施例中,反应的产率指的是分离收率;dr指的是反应的非对映异构体比例。
实施例1
在-80℃下,LiHMDS(1.0mL,1.0M溶于THF中)逐滴加入含有氟乙酸甲酯(92毫克,1.0mmol)、式(2a)所示的亚胺(209毫克,1mmol)、以及3ml无水THF的反应瓶中,反应体系氮气保护。滴加完毕后,继续低温反应0.5小时。反应结束后,低温下加入4ml氯化铵水溶液淬灭反应。将反应液转移到分液漏斗中,用乙酸乙酯萃取(10ml×3)。有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥后,减压下除去溶剂。用乙酸乙酯/石油醚(1:2)快速柱层析,得到产品3a(265毫克),产率为88%(265毫克),dr为47:1。
化合物3a的表征数据:
类白色至白色结晶固体,m.p.91.5-92.3℃;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.28–6.37(m,4H),5.33(d,J=47.2Hz,1H),4.90(dd,J=27.6,9.3Hz,1H),4.23(d,J=9.1Hz,1H),3.71(s,3H),1.25(s,9H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ170.02,169.94,138.54,130.44,128.76,127.08,92.41,60.62,60.47,56.72,22.35.19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-204.34(dd,J=47.1,26.9Hz);IR(film)vmax=3051,1760,1578,1428,1342,1140cm-1;MS(ESI)m/z:302.1[M+H+].HRMScalcd for C14H21FNO3S:302.1221,found 302.1213.
实施例2
在-70℃下,LiHMDS(1.4mL,1.0M溶于THF中)逐滴加入含有氟乙酸叔丁酯(187毫克,1.4mmol)、式(2a)所示的亚胺(209毫克,1mmol)以及3ml乙醚的反应瓶中,反应体系氮气保护。滴加完毕后,继续低温反应0.5小时。反应结束后,低温下加入4ml氯化铵水溶液淬灭反应。将反应液转移到分液漏斗中,用乙酸乙酯萃取(10ml×3)。有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥后,减压下除去溶剂。用乙酸乙酯/石油醚(1:2)快速柱层析,得到产品3a’(281毫克),产率为82%(281毫克),dr为37:1。
化合物3a的表征数据:
类白色至白色结晶固体,m.p.83.5-85.3℃;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.26–6.35(m,4H),5.35(d,J=47.2Hz,1H),4.80(dd,J=27.6,9.0Hz,1H),4.21(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),1.35(s,9H),1.29(s,9H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ170.1,169.9,138.6,130.7,128.9,127.6,92.5,60.8,60.5,56.7,55.3,22.3,21.0,20.8.19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-204.34(dd,J=47.1,26.9Hz);IR(film)vmax=3051,1760,1578,1428,1342,1140cm-1;MS(ESI)m/z:344.1[M+H+].HRMS calcd for C17H27FNO3S:344.1617,found 344.1623.
实施例3
在-20℃下,NaHMDS(2.5mL,1.0M溶于THF中)逐滴加入含有氟乙酸甲酯(184毫克,2.0mmol)、式(2b)所示的亚胺(223毫克,1mmol)以及3ml二氯甲烷的反应瓶中,反应体系用氮气保护。滴加完毕后,继续低温反应0.5小时,加入4ml氯化铵水溶液淬灭反应。然后将反应液转移到分液漏斗中,用乙酸乙酯萃取(10ml×3)。有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥后,减压下除去溶剂。用乙酸乙酯/石油醚(1:2)快速柱层析,得到产品3b,产率为80%(252毫克),dr为15:1。
化合物3b的表征数据
类白色至白色结晶固体,m.p.94.9-95.5℃;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.80–6.24(m,4H),5.13(d,J=47.2Hz,1H),4.90(dd,J=27.6,9.3Hz,1H),3.99(d,J=9.1Hz,1H),3.80(s,3H),2.36(s,3H),1.19(s,9H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ168.04,167.79,138.31,134.57,129.54,127.12,92.45,90.54,60.64,60.45,56.71,22.43,21.09.19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-204.22(dd,J=46.9,28.3Hz).IR(film)vmax=3057,1762,1571,1430,1340,1139cm-1;MS(ESI)m/z:316.1[M+H+].HRMS calcd for C15H23FNO3S:316.1308,found316.1312.
实施例4
在10℃下,tBuONa(1.0mmol,1.0M溶于THF中)逐滴加入含有氟乙酸甲酯(129毫克,1.4mmol)、式(2c)所示的亚胺(209毫克,1mmol)以及3ml无水THF的反应瓶中,反应体系用氮气保护。滴加完毕后,继续低温反应0.5小时,加入4ml氯化铵水溶液淬灭反应。然后将反应液转移到分液漏斗中,用乙酸乙酯萃取(10ml×3)。有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥后,减压下除去溶剂。用乙酸乙酯/石油醚(1:2)快速柱层析,得到产品3c,产率为74%(233毫克),dr为10:1
化合物3c的表征数据
类白色至白色结晶固体,m.p.94.7-95.6℃;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.80–6.24(m,4H),5.13(d,J=47.2Hz,1H),4.90(dd,J=27.6,9.3Hz,1H),3.99(d,J=9.1Hz,1H),3.80(s,3H),2.36(s,3H),1.19(s,9H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ168.01,167.77,134.93,133.13,128.83,128.20,127.64,126.61,126.51,126.47,124.70,92.40,90.48,60.82,60.63,56.87,22.46.19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-204.31(dd,J=47.3,27.4Hz).IR(film)vmax=3056,1763,1568,1433,1340,1139cm-1;MS(ESI)m/z:316.1[M+H+].HRMS calcd forC15H23FNO3S:316.1308,found 316.1315.
实施例5
在-40℃下,KHMDS(1.4mL,1.0M溶于THF中)逐滴加入含有氟乙酸甲酯(129毫克,1.4mmol)、式(2d)所示的亚胺(209毫克,1mmol)以及3ml无水DMF的反应瓶中,反应体系用氮气保护。滴加完毕后,继续低温反应0.5小时,加入4ml氯化铵水溶液淬灭反应。然后将反应液转移到分液漏斗中,用乙酸乙酯萃取(10ml×3)。有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥后,减压下除去溶剂。用乙酸乙酯/石油醚(1:2)快速柱层析,得到产品3d,产率为88%(277毫克),dr为11:1。
化合物3d的表征数据
类白色至白色结晶固体,m.p.94.2-95.4℃;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.74–6.52(m,4H),5.13(dd,J=47.2,2.1Hz,1H),4.90(dd,J=27.6,9.1Hz,1H),3.98(d,J=9.3Hz,1H),3.80(s,3H),2.36(s,3H),1.19(s,9H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ168.03,167.79,138.58,137.53,129.28,128.76,127.91,124.24,92.45,90.53,60.87,60.68,56.75,22.43,21.49.19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-204.31(dd,J=46.9,28.5Hz).IR(film)vmax=3051,1764,1563,1437,1342,1142cm-1;MS(ESI)m/z:316.1[M+H+].HRMS calcd for C15H23FNO3S:316.1308,found 316.1313.
实施例6
在30℃下,tBuOK(1.4mL,1.0M溶于THF中)逐滴加入含有氟乙酸甲酯(129毫克,1.4mmol)、式(2e)所示的亚胺(209毫克,1mmol)以及3ml无水THF的反应瓶中,反应体系用氮气保护。滴加完毕后,继续低温反应0.5小时,加入4ml氯化铵水溶液淬灭反应。然后将反应液转移到分液漏斗中,用乙酸乙酯萃取(10ml×3)。有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥后,减压下除去溶剂。用乙酸乙酯/石油醚(1:2)快速柱层析,得到产品3e,产率为83%,dr为12:1。
化合物3e的表征数据
类白色至白色结晶固体,m.p.98.2-99.1℃;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.68–7.54(m,4H),5.16(d,J=47.1Hz,1H),5.01(dd,J=26.6,9.8Hz,1H),4.13(d,J=9.8Hz,1H),3.82(s,3H),1.18(s,9H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ167.73,167.49,136.07,134.51,129.06,128.69,92.14,90.22,60.19,60.00,56.88,22.39.19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-204.35(dd,J=46.9,28.2Hz).IR(film)vmax=3071,1764,1543,1407,1342,1142cm-1;MS(ESI)m/z:336.1[M+H+].HRMS calcd for C15H23FNO3S:336.0782,found 336.0785.
实施例7
在-70℃下,LiHMDS(1.4mL,1.0M溶于THF中)逐滴加入含有氟乙酸苄酯(235毫克,1.4mmol)、式(2e)所示的亚胺(209毫克,1mmol)以及3ml无水THF的反应瓶中,反应体系用氮气保护。滴加完毕后,继续低温反应0.5小时,加入4ml氯化铵水溶液淬灭反应。然后将反应液转移到分液漏斗中,用乙酸乙酯萃取(10ml×3)。有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥后,减压下除去溶剂。用乙酸乙酯/石油醚(1:2)快速柱层析,得到产品3e,产率为83%,dr为12:1。
化合物3e的表征数据
类白色至白色结晶固体,m.p.98.2-99.1℃;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.68–7.54(m,6H),7.32-7.34(m,3H),5.16(d,J=47.1Hz,1H),5.01(dd,J=26.6,9.8Hz,1H),4.13(d,J=9.8Hz,1H),3.87(s,2H),1.18(s,9H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ167.73,167.49,136.07,136.11,135.24,134.51,129.86,129.06,128.69,127.11,92.14,90.22,60.19,60.00,56.88,22.39.19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-214.35(dd,J=46.9,28.2Hz).IR(film)vmax=3071,1764,1543,1407,1342,1142cm-1;MS(ESI)m/z:412.1[M+H+].HRMS calcd forC20H24FNO3S:412.1071,found 412.1086.
实施例8
采用与实施例1相同的方法,其中:
采用的亚胺为2f:产率为65%,dr为8:1。
化合物3f的表征数据
白色固体,m.p.102.3-103.0℃.1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.06(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),7.51(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),5.16(dd,J=47.2,1.9Hz,1H),5.01(dd,J=27.3,10.0Hz,1H),4.14(d,J=9.6Hz,1H),3.91(s,3H),3.82(s,3H),1.19(s,9H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ167.69,167.45,166.51,142.43,130.32,130.14,127.36,92.08,90.15,60.37,60.18,56.97,52.21,22.41.19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-204.25(dd,J=47.0,28.0Hz).IR(film)vmax=3061,1770,1541,1404,1341,1145cm-1;MS(ESI)m/z:360.1[M+H+].HRMS calcd forC16H23FNO5S:360.1213,found 360.1218.
实施例9
采用与实施例3相同的方法,其中:
采用的亚胺为2g:产率为77%,dr为6:1。
化合物3g的表征数据
类白色至白色结晶固体,m.p.100.2-101.0℃;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.70–7.50(m,4H),5.16(d,J=47.1Hz,1H),5.01(dd,J=26.6,9.8Hz,1H),4.13(d,J=9.8Hz,1H),3.82(s,3H),1.18(s,9H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ168.04,167.79,138.31,134.57,129.54,127.12,92.45,90.54,60.64,60.45,56.71,22.43,21.09.19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-62.68(s),-204.53(dd,J=47.1,26.9Hz).IR(film)vmax=3071,1770,1545,1414,1347,1148cm-1;MS(ESI)m/z:370.1[M+H+].HRMS calcd for C15H20FNO3S:370.1022,found370.1036.
实施例10
采用与实施例4相同的方法,其中:
采用的亚胺为2i:产率为71%,dr为5:1。
化合物3i的表征数据
类白色至白色结晶固体,m.p.98.6-99.3℃;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.62(dd,J=46.8,8.3Hz,4H),5.15(dd,J=47.1,1.9Hz,1H),4.99(dd,J=27.3,10.2Hz,1H),4.16(d,J=10.2Hz,1H),3.82(s,3H),1.18(s,9H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ167.39,167.15,142.71,132.61,128.20,118.28,112.52,91.81,89.89,60.50,60.31,57.06,22.36.19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-204.38(dd,J=47.0,27.8Hz).IR(film)vmax=3071,2234,1770,1545,1414,1347,1148cm-1;MS(ESI)m/z:327.1[M+H+].HRMS calcd for C15H20FN2O3S:327.1102,found 327.1153.
实施例11
采用与实施例5相同的方法,其中:
采用的亚胺为2j:产率为70%,dr为30:1。
化合物3j的表征数据
类白色至白色结晶固体,m.p.115.3-116.2℃;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.93–7.78(m,4H),7.56–7.44(m,3H),5.25(d,J=47.2Hz,1H),5.12(dd,J=27.5,9.2Hz,1H),4.16(d,J=9.3Hz,1H),3.82(s,3H),1.65(s,1H),1.20(s,9H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ168.01,167.77,134.93,133.13,128.83,128.20,127.64,126.61,126.51,126.47,124.70,92.40,90.48,60.82,60.63,56.87,22.46.19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-204.06(dd,J=47.0,28.2Hz).IR(film)vmax=3051,1770,1545,1414,1347,1148,832cm-1;MS(ESI)m/z:352.1[M+H+].
实施例12
采用与实施例6相同的方法,其中:
采用的亚胺为2k:产率为75%,dr为5:1。
化合物3k的表征数据
类白色至白色结晶固体,m.p.99.2-100.1℃;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.56–7.26(m,3H),5.11(d,J=47.2Hz,1H),4.90(dd,J=26.4,8.9Hz,1H),4.05(d,J=9.9Hz,1H),3.82(s,3H),1.18(s,9H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ168.04,167.79,138.31,134.57,129.54,127.12,92.45,90.54,60.64,60.45,56.71,22.43,21.09.19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-204.38(dd,J=47.2,27.4Hz).IR(film)vmax=3081,1764,1543,1407,1342,1142cm-1;MS(ESI)m/z:336.1[M+H+].HRMS calcd for C14H19Cl2FNO3S:370.0368,found 370.0386.
实施例13
采用与实施例6相同的方法,其中:
采用的亚胺为2m:产率为68%,dr为7:1。
化合物3m的表征数据
类白色至白色结晶固体,m.p.88.2-89.1℃;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ4.92(d,J=47.8Hz,1H),3.77(s,1H),3.21(d,J=9.5Hz,1H),1.85–1.75(m,1H),1.13(s,9H),0.97(dd,J=6.4,2.4Hz,6H).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ168.57,168.32,90.89,89.01,57.33,57.13,56.36,42.20,24.45,22.55,22.46,22.15,-0.03.19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-208.27(dd,J=47.5,28.3Hz).IR(film)vmax=1764,1365,1285,1159cm-1;MS(ESI)m/z:268.1[M+H+].HRMScalcd for C11H23FNO3S:268.1304,found 268.1320.
上述的对实施例的描述是为便于该技术领域的普通技术人员能理解和使用发明。熟悉本领域技术的人员显然可以容易地对这些实施例做出各种修改,并把在此说明的一般原理应用到其他实施例中而不必经过创造性的劳动。因此,本发明不限于上述实施例,本领域技术人员根据本发明的揭示,不脱离本发明范畴所做出的改进和修改都应该在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (1)
1.一种制备手性α-氟-β-氨基酸衍生物的方法,其特征在于,在有机溶剂中,手性(Rs)-N-(叔丁基亚磺酰)亚胺、氟乙酸烷基酯以及碱在-90℃~30℃温度下,反应0.5~5个小时,得到手性α-氟-β-氨基酸衍生物;
其中,手性α-氟-β-氨基酸衍生物结构式如下:
其中,R为C1-9的烷基、C2-8的烯基、C4-12的芳基或C4-12的取代芳基;
所述的取代芳基为C1-6的烷基取代的芳基、C1-8的烷氧基取代的芳基、卤代芳基、酯基取代的芳基、硝基取代的芳基或腈基取代的芳基;
所述的芳基为苯基、萘基或吡啶基;
R’为C1-6的烷基或C1-6的烷基取代的苯基;
(Rs)-N-(叔丁基亚磺酰)亚胺具有如下结构式:
其中:R为C1-9的烷基、C2-8的烯基、C4-12的芳基或C4-12的取代芳基;
所述的取代芳基为C1-6的烷基取代的芳基、C1-8的烷氧基取代的芳基、卤代芳基、酯基取代的芳基、硝基取代的芳基或腈基取代的芳基;
所述的芳基为苯基、萘基或吡啶基;
所述的氟乙酸烷基酯具有如下结构式:
其中R’为C1-6的烷基或C1-6的烷基取代的苯基;
(Rs)-N-(叔丁基亚磺酰)亚胺、氟乙酸烷基酯以及碱的摩尔比为1:(1~2.5):(1~2.5);
所述的碱为叔丁醇钠、叔丁醇钾、二(三甲基硅基)氨基锂、二(三甲基硅基)氨基钠、二(三甲基硅基)氨基钾或二异丙基胺基锂;
所述的有机溶剂为乙醚、四氢呋喃、二氯甲烷、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺或二甲基亚砜。
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