CN105561403A - 一种海藻酸盐-石墨烯-纳米氧化亚铜复合抗菌膜的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种海藻酸盐-石墨烯-纳米氧化亚铜复合抗菌膜的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- KRFJLUBVMFXRPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cuprous oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Cu+].[Cu+] KRFJLUBVMFXRPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 229940112669 cuprous oxide Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
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- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种海藻酸盐-石墨烯-纳米氧化亚铜复合抗菌膜的制备方法,其通过将石墨烯加入至铜盐溶液制得混合溶液A;然后,按体积比5-9︰1-5,将上述混合溶液A加入到海藻酸钠水溶液中,并加入葡萄糖或抗坏血酸作还原剂,反应得到海藻酸钠-石墨烯-纳米氧化亚铜凝胶,再经负压除泡、静置、陈化得到制膜液,然后成膜、凝固成形,并经水洗、热拉定幅、烘干,即得成品。本发明的制备方法所制得的海藻酸盐-石墨烯-纳米氧化亚铜复合抗菌膜,其内部结构均匀一致,纳米氧化亚铜粒径可控,具有很好的吸水性和透气性能;适于用作创可贴等医用辅料,具有广阔的市场前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种复合抗菌膜的制备方法,尤其涉及一种海藻酸盐-石墨烯-纳米氧化亚铜复合抗菌膜的制备方法。
背景技术
石墨烯是目前发现的最薄、最坚硬、导电导热性能最强的一种新型纳米材料,被誉为“黑金”或“新材料之王”。在潜在的应用方面,石墨烯表现出了令人惊奇的前景。
首先,石墨烯目前最有潜力的是成为硅的替代品,制造超微型晶体管,用来生产未来的超级计算机。据相关专家分析,用石墨烯取代硅,计算机处理器的运行速度将会快数百倍。而近日,美国麻省理工学院的科学家通过研究发现,在特定情况下,石墨烯能够被转化成具有独特功能的拓扑绝缘体。这一研究发现,有望带来一种制造量子计算机的新方法。
其次,石墨烯能助力超级电容器、锂离子电池的发展。据相关资料显示,加入石墨烯材料,同等体积的电容可扩充5倍以上的容量,而锂电池电极中加入石墨烯则可大幅度提高其导电性能。据报道,利用石墨烯聚合材料生产出来的汽车电池,有望达到这样惊人的效果:只充电几分钟,就可以让汽车连续开行1000公里。
此外,石墨烯还可应用于电路、触摸屏、基因测序。石墨烯强度超出钢铁数十倍,有望被用于制造超轻型飞机材料、超坚韧的防弹衣等。
石墨烯具有很强的化学敏感性,可以制成高效探测器等。涂有石墨烯的传感器可以检测到含有用于炸药、氨等化学物质的低浓度的蒸汽。
令人惊奇的是,中国科学家发现细菌细胞在石墨烯的纸上无法生长,而人类细胞则不会受损。利用这一点可以利用它来做绷带、食品包装甚至抗菌T恤衫等等。
另外,一方面,石墨烯几乎是完全透明的,只吸收2.3%的光。另一方面,它非常致密,即使是最小的气体原子(氦原子)也无法穿透。这些特征使得它非常适合作为透明产品的原料,如电子产品透明的触摸显示屏、发光板和太阳能电池板、纤维和纺织品、医用膜材料等等。
但是,截至目前,大面积的石墨烯制备一直是个世界难题,2009年12月1日在美国召开的材料科学国际会议上,日本富士通宣布,他们将原料气体吹向事先涂有用做催化剂的铁的衬底,制成了高质量的7.5厘米直径的石墨烯膜。
但7.5厘米在应用上仍会受到很大限制。如果以高分子材料作为连续相制备连续膜,但高分子材料的包覆作用又大大降低了石墨烯的抗菌性能。另外,纯石墨烯的致密性使得其无透气性,这作为医用膜材料是一种缺陷。
发明内容
本发明的目的是,提供一种以大分子海藻酸钠为连续相,掺杂沉积纳米氧化亚铜的石墨烯,制备出生物相容性好、透气性好、抗菌性能优异、可以任意连续成膜的海藻酸盐-石墨烯-纳米氧化亚铜复合抗菌膜医用材料的方法;该方法具有工艺流程短、工艺控制简便,生产成本低廉等特点。本发明为实现上述目的所采用的技术方案是,一种海藻酸盐-石墨烯-纳米氧化亚铜复合抗菌膜的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
第一步,分别配制质量百分比浓度为2-7%的海藻酸钠水溶液和质量百分比浓度为10%的铜盐溶液,备用;
第二步,在微波震荡或者高速搅拌下,向上述铜盐溶液中,缓慢加入石墨烯,并保持微波震荡或者高速搅拌30-120min,得到混合溶液A;
其中,石墨烯在混合溶液A中的质量分数为5%-20%;
第三步,在超声波震荡或者高速搅拌下,按体积比5-9︰1-5的比例,将上述混合溶液A缓慢加入到上述海藻酸钠水溶液中;
然后,在20℃-100℃下,按与铜离子的摩尔比为1︰1-1.5的比例,加入葡萄糖或抗坏血酸作还原剂,还原反应30-60min,得到海藻酸钠-石墨烯-纳米氧化亚铜凝胶;
将所得凝胶负压除泡、静置,再陈化24-48h,得到制膜液;
第四步,将所得到的制膜液在模具中流延或者挤压成膜,并在质量百分比浓度为1-5%的+2价的金属盐浴液中凝固成形;
再经水洗、热拉定幅、烘干,即得成品。
上述技术方案直接带来的技术效果是,一方面,由于连续相为大分子海藻酸钠,使得抗菌膜具有很好的吸水性和透气性能。
另一方面,由于海藻酸钠大分子链上带有羧基负离子,可以对纳米氧化亚铜产生定位作用,以使其均匀沉积在石墨烯上;
并且,由于海藻酸钠大分子链与大分子链之间彼此排斥,可以有效抑制/阻止沉积在石墨烯上的纳米氧化亚铜的长大。从而,保证纳米氧化亚铜均匀沉积在石墨烯上,并在凝胶成膜液中均匀分散、不聚集,并在后续的凝固成形中,得到内部结构均匀一致,纳米氧化亚铜粒径可控,透气性能良好的海藻酸钠-石墨烯-纳米氧化亚铜复合抗菌膜医用材料。
不难看出,上述技术方案的核心技术思想就是:以海藻酸钠凝胶为载体,以使石墨烯均匀分散在其中,并使得纳米氧化亚铜均匀沉积在石墨烯上,制备出成膜液,进而制得以海藻酸盐(海藻酸钙/海藻酸锌,以及可能因反应进行程度所致的、剩余的、少量海藻酸钠成分)为基材的海藻酸盐-石墨烯-纳米氧化亚铜复合抗菌膜医用材料产品。
上述技术方案较好地解决了石墨烯和纳米氧化亚铜这两种比表面积都很大的材料,它们各自之间,以及相互之间,(放置)在一起的情形下,无法避免的严重的聚集现象的发生。这正是上述技术方案之所以可以得到符合医药用途的海藻酸盐-石墨烯-纳米氧化亚铜复合抗菌膜的关键所在。
并且,上述技术方案中,所采用的以大分子海藻酸钠为连续相流延成膜方法,可以得到任意尺寸大小的产品,便于工业化生产。
此外,将抗菌性能优异的纳米氧化亚铜均匀沉积到石墨烯上,进而将二者均布在以海藻酸盐为基材的复合膜中,利用大分子海藻酸盐具有很好的吸水性和透气性能,较好地解决了传统高分子材料包覆在石墨烯上,形成“隔离层”,对石墨烯和纳米氧化亚铜和抗菌性能发挥的阻碍作用。
而且,上述技术方案的工艺流程简单、工艺操作与控制简便,主要原料成本低廉,生产制造成本低。
优选为,上述铜盐是指硫酸铜、硝酸铜、氯化铜或其他水溶性铜盐。
该优选技术方案直接带来的技术效果是,原料来源广、成本低,易于获取。
进一步优选,上述石墨烯为氧化石墨烯。
该优选技术方案直接带来的技术效果是,经氧化后的石墨烯,其含氧官能团增多,性质较石墨烯更加活泼。这样,既有利于加快整个反应速度,又有利于进一步提高产品质量。
进一步优选,上述+2价的金属盐为CaCl2和/或ZnSO4。
该优选技术方案直接带来的技术效果是,CaCl2和/或ZnSO4水溶性好、离子极性强,凝固成形速度快,生物相容性好。
进一步优选,上述纳米氧化亚铜沉积在石墨烯上,纳米氧化亚铜的平均粒径≤30nm。
该优选技术方案直接带来的技术效果是,纳米氧化亚铜的平均粒径≤30nm,可以保证其具有十分巨大的比表面积,从而确保复合抗菌膜产品的抑菌圈半径≥20mm,具有良好的抗菌性能。
综上所述,本发明相对于现有技术,具有以下有益效果:
1、以大分子海藻酸盐为连续相,掺杂沉积纳米氧化亚铜的石墨烯,制备出生物相容性好、透气性好、抗菌性能优异、可以任意连续成膜的海藻酸盐-石墨烯-纳米氧化亚铜复合抗菌膜医用材料。
即,较好地解决了石墨烯和纳米氧化亚铜这两种比表面积都很大的材料,它们各自之间,以及相互之间,(放置)在一起的情形下,无法避免的严重的聚集现象的发生的技术难题。
2、产品的透气性、吸水性好,抗菌性能好。
3、工艺流程短、工艺控制简便,生产成本低廉。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制得的海藻酸盐-石墨烯-纳米氧化亚铜复合抗菌膜抑菌圈图片;
图2为实施例1制得的海藻酸盐-石墨烯-纳米氧化亚铜复合抗菌膜的电镜照片(放大倍数为30万倍)。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例,对本发明进行详细说明。
实施例1
制备方法如下:
第一步,分别配制质量百分比浓度为5%的海藻酸钠水溶液和质量百分比浓度为10%的硫酸铜溶液,备用;
第二步,在微波震荡或者高速搅拌下,向上述铜盐溶液中,缓慢加入石墨烯,并保持微波震荡或者高速搅拌30-120min,得到混合溶液A;
其中,石墨烯在混合溶液A中的质量分数为10%;
第三步,在超声波震荡或者高速搅拌下,按体积比7︰4的比例,将上述混合溶液A缓慢加入到上述海藻酸钠水溶液中;
然后,在40℃下,按与铜离子的摩尔比为1︰1.2的比例,加入抗坏血酸作还原剂,还原反应45min,得到海藻酸钠-石墨烯-纳米氧化亚铜凝胶;
将所得凝胶负压除泡、静置,再陈化36h,得到制膜液;
第四步,将所得到的制膜液在模具中流延或者挤压成膜,并在质量百分比浓度为1.5%的CaCl2浴液中凝固成形;
再经水洗、热拉定幅、烘干,即得海藻酸盐-石墨烯-纳米氧化亚铜复合抗菌膜成品。
实施例2
仅将5%的海藻酸钠水溶液置换成2%的海藻酸钠水溶液之外;其余,均同实施例1。
实施例3
仅将5%的海藻酸钠水溶液置换成7%的海藻酸钠水溶液之外;其余,均同实施例1。
实施例4
仅将10%氧化石墨烯置换成5%氧化石墨烯之外;其余,均同实施例1。
实施例5
仅将10%氧化石墨烯置换成20%氧化石墨烯之外;其余,均同实施例1。
实施例6
同实施例1,仅将10%氧化石墨烯置换成10%石墨烯之外;其余,均同实施例1。
实施例7
仅将超声波震荡10%氧化石墨烯置换成高速搅拌之外;其余,均同实施例1。
实施例8
仅将A:B体积分数比为7:4置换成9:5之外;其余,均同实施例1。
实施例9
仅将A:B体积分数比为7:4置换成5:1之外;其余,均同实施例1。
实施例10
仅将A:B体积分数比为7:4置换成4:3之外;其余,均同实施例1。
实施例11
仅将混合溶液A的配制过程中,微波震荡或者高速搅拌的时间由60min置换成30min之外;其余,均同实施例1。
实施例12
仅将混合溶液A的配制过程中,微波震荡或者高速搅拌的时间由60min置换成120min之外;其余,均同实施例1。
实施例13
仅将铜盐溶液由硫酸铜溶液,置换成硝酸铜溶液之外;其余,均同实施例1。
实施例14
仅将硫酸铜溶液,置换成氯化铜溶液之外;其余,均同实施例1。
实施例15
除第三步中“在20℃下,按与铜离子的摩尔比为1︰1.5的比例,加入葡萄糖作还原剂,还原反应45min,得到海藻酸钠-石墨烯-纳米氧化亚铜凝胶;将所得凝胶负压除泡、静置,再陈化24h,得到制膜液”之外;其余,均同实施例1。
实施例16
除第三步中“在70℃下,按与铜离子的摩尔比为1︰1.3的比例,加入葡萄糖作还原剂,还原反应60min,得到海藻酸钠-石墨烯-纳米氧化亚铜凝胶;将所得凝胶负压除泡、静置,再陈化30h,得到制膜液”之外;其余,均同实施例1。
实施例17
除第三步中“在100℃下,按与铜离子的摩尔比为1︰1.1的比例,加入葡萄糖作还原剂,还原反应35min,得到海藻酸钠-石墨烯-纳米氧化亚铜凝胶;将所得凝胶负压除泡、静置,再陈化48h,得到制膜液”之外;其余,均同实施例1。
实施例18
,仅将1.5%的CaCl2凝固浴液置换成1%的CaCl2凝固浴液之外;其余,均同实施例1。
实施例19
仅将1.5%的CaCl2凝固浴液置换成1%的CaCl2凝固浴液之外;其余,均同实施例1。
实施例20
仅将1.5%的CaCl2凝固浴液置换成5%的CaCl2凝固浴液之外;其余,均同实施例1。
实施例21
仅将1.5%的CaCl2凝固浴液置换成1%的CaCl2和1%的ZnSO4混合凝固浴液之外;其余,均同实施例1。
产品的检测与检验:
选取实施例1所制得的产品进行金黄色葡萄球菌抗菌试验,结果如图1所示,抑菌圈半径约25mm。
选取实施例1所制得的产品在电镜下,放大30万倍进行观察,结果如图2所示,纳米氧化亚铜的粒径均在30nm以下。
Claims (5)
1.一种海藻酸盐-石墨烯-纳米氧化亚铜复合抗菌膜的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
第一步,分别配制质量百分比浓度为2-7%的海藻酸钠水溶液和质量百分比浓度为10%的铜盐溶液,备用;
第二步,在微波震荡或者高速搅拌下,向上述铜盐溶液中,缓慢加入石墨烯,并保持微波震荡或者高速搅拌30-120min,得到混合溶液A;
其中,石墨烯在混合溶液A中的质量分数为5%-20%;
第三步,在超声波震荡或者高速搅拌下,按体积比5-9︰1-5的比例,将上述混合溶液A缓慢加入到上述海藻酸钠水溶液中;
然后,在20℃-100℃下,按与铜离子的摩尔比为1︰1-1.5的比例,加入葡萄糖或抗坏血酸作还原剂,还原反应30-60min,得到海藻酸钠-石墨烯-纳米氧化亚铜凝胶;
将所得凝胶负压除泡、静置,再陈化24-48h,得到制膜液;
第四步,将所得到的制膜液在模具中流延或者挤压成膜,并在质量百分比浓度为1-5%的+2价的金属盐浴液中凝固成形;
再经水洗、热拉定幅、烘干,即得成品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的海藻酸盐-石墨烯-纳米氧化亚铜复合抗菌膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述铜盐为硫酸铜、硝酸铜、氯化铜或其他水溶性铜盐。
3.根据权利要求1所述的海藻酸盐-石墨烯-纳米氧化亚铜复合抗菌膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述石墨烯为氧化石墨烯。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一所述的海藻酸盐-石墨烯-纳米氧化亚铜复合抗菌膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述+2价的金属盐为CaCl2和/或ZnSO4。
5.根据权利要求1-3任一所述的海藻酸盐-石墨烯-纳米氧化亚铜复合抗菌膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述纳米氧化亚铜沉积在石墨烯上,纳米氧化亚铜的平均粒径≤30nm。
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CN109403034A (zh) * | 2016-06-02 | 2019-03-01 | 耿云花 | 一种抗菌纺织品 |
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CN107141897A (zh) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-09-08 | 赵有霞 | 新型智能化中药自动配方机 |
CN107141897B (zh) * | 2016-12-30 | 2019-07-30 | 赵有霞 | 智能化中药自动配方机 |
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CN110773006B (zh) * | 2019-12-02 | 2021-10-01 | 中科瑞阳膜技术(北京)有限公司 | 一种含氧化铜/氧化亚铜/碳纳米管的水凝胶抗菌过滤膜的制备方法 |
CN116655983A (zh) * | 2023-05-24 | 2023-08-29 | 浙江和顺新材料有限公司 | 一种抗静电抗菌双向拉伸聚酯复合薄膜及其制备方法 |
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