CN105542904A - 一种稠化剂及包含该稠化剂的复合锂基润滑脂 - Google Patents
一种稠化剂及包含该稠化剂的复合锂基润滑脂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105542904A CN105542904A CN201510955845.0A CN201510955845A CN105542904A CN 105542904 A CN105542904 A CN 105542904A CN 201510955845 A CN201510955845 A CN 201510955845A CN 105542904 A CN105542904 A CN 105542904A
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- acid
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- lithium
- complex lithium
- boric acid
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 title abstract 7
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title abstract 5
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000007520 diprotic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- -1 hydroxy fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000158728 Meliaceae Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920013639 polyalphaolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-phenyl aniline Natural products C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- WSFQLUVWDKCYSW-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-hydroxy-3-morpholin-4-ylpropane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)CC(O)CN1CCOCC1 WSFQLUVWDKCYSW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- ULQISTXYYBZJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCC(O)CCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O ULQISTXYYBZJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 6
- 229940114072 12-hydroxystearic acid Drugs 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 26
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000002288 cocrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000001261 hydroxy acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012990 dithiocarbamate Substances 0.000 description 3
- VLHZUYUOEGBBJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxy stearic acid Natural products OCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O VLHZUYUOEGBBJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001568 sexual effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical group [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DKVNPHBNOWQYFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbamodithioic acid Chemical compound NC(S)=S DKVNPHBNOWQYFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- RIUWBIIVUYSTCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trilithium borate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] RIUWBIIVUYSTCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005069 Extreme pressure additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CUBCNYWQJHBXIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid;2-hydroxybenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1.OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O CUBCNYWQJHBXIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004659 dithiocarbamates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种稠化剂及包含该稠化剂的复合锂基润滑脂,稠化剂是由12羟基硬脂酸、二元酸、氢氧化锂和水发生皂化反应后的12羟基脂肪酸锂皂和二元酸锂皂复合后再与硼酸形成的复合物,其中,硼酸是在皂化反应完成后、加压釜泄压至常压并且加压釜内温度为110~150℃时加入的,硼酸加入加压釜后,在常压下使加压釜内温度达到130~150℃并保持恒温0.5~1小时以形成稠化剂。复合锂基润滑脂除包括稠化剂外,还包括基础油或合成油、由抗氧剂和防锈剂组成的添加剂,其中,基础油或合成油、稠化剂和添加剂占复合锂基润滑脂的重量百分数分别为75~90%、10~20%、0.05~5%。本发明通过改变硼酸的添加工艺,能够提高复合锂基润滑脂的滴点和减摩抗磨性能。
Description
本发明为原申请号为201310736769.5、原申请日为2013年12月30日、原发明名称为一种复合锂基润滑脂的制备方法的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种稠化剂及包含该稠化剂的复合锂基润滑脂,尤其涉及在不加入减摩剂的情况下,提高滴点和减摩抗磨性能的一种稠化剂及包含该稠化剂的复合锂基润滑脂。
背景技术
随着现代工业技术的发展,钢铁、汽车、纺织等行业,对润滑脂的高低温性能、减摩抗磨性能提出了更高的要求,目前锂基润滑脂已经不能满足高温、高速、重负荷的苛刻工况条件,普通的复合锂基润滑脂在使用的过程中,虽然较锂基润滑脂具有一定的优势,但是由于滴点不高,减摩抗磨性不佳,难以达到使用要求,为了满足苛刻工况的要求,需要在复合锂基润滑脂中加入多种抗磨极压添加剂。
目前,复合锂基润滑脂在我国发展很快,基本上替代了锂基润滑脂,国内外报道复合锂基润滑脂的文献很多,关于复合锂基润滑脂的专利不断出现,如美国专利申请公开US3681242、US3711407、US3929651;中国专利申请公开CN1052890A、CN1052891A,这些复合锂基润滑脂的组成基本一样,有12羟基硬脂酸和二元酸(壬二酸、癸二酸)组成两组分的,也有加入水杨酸、硼酸组成三组分的,制备方法都是将物料一起加入和氢氧化锂反应生成复合物,这样制备的复合锂基润滑脂滴点都不高,只达到260-280℃左右,减摩抗磨性能也不突出,PB值未能超过980N,而现代的工业设备对使用温度和减摩抗磨性能都提出了更高的要求,将12羟基硬脂酸、癸二酸、硼酸等物料一次同时加入的传统制备工艺要达到使用要求就需要添加减摩抗磨剂。为了提高复合锂基润滑脂的滴点和减摩抗磨性能,同时又不添加减摩抗磨剂,就需要对复合锂基润滑脂的制备工艺方法做出必要的改进。
发明内容
针对上述问题,为了提高复合锂基润滑脂的滴点和减摩抗磨性能,同时又不添加减摩抗磨剂,就需要对复合锂基润滑脂的制备工艺方法做出必要的改进。本发明提供了一种复合锂基润滑脂的制备方法。
本发明公开了一种复合锂基润滑脂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
将基础油或合成油总量的三分之一、12羟基硬脂酸、二元酸、氢氧化锂和水加入加压釜内,密闭、搅拌并升温加压,进行皂化反应;
皂化反应完成后,泄压,加入硼酸并搅拌;
加入基础油或合成油总量的三分之一并搅拌升温,进行恒温炼制;
加入剩余基础油或合成油降温,调整稠度,加入抗氧剂和防锈剂,经循环剪切或机械研磨后即为成品。
在不加入减摩抗磨剂的条件下,通过改变硼酸的添加工艺,提高了复合锂基润滑脂的滴点和减摩抗磨性能,使其能够在使用温度高于260℃,PB值大于980N的苛刻条件下满足润滑的要求。
根据一个优选的实施方式,所述皂化反应是在依次经历升温加压和保持恒温恒压的处理步骤的情况下完成的,所述硼酸的添加包括了泄压降温、添加硼酸和保持恒温的处理步骤,所述恒温炼制是在依次经历加入基础油或合成油稀释、常压下搅拌升温及保持恒温的处理步骤后完成的。
根据一个优选的实施方式,所述皂化反应是在所述加压釜经过1-3.5小时升温加压、所述加压釜内温度达到130-150℃、压力达到0.3-0.6Mpa并保持恒温恒压0.5-2小时后完成的。此工艺可以使皂化反应在较短的时间内完成,并使12羟基脂肪酸锂皂与二元酸锂皂复合共结晶,形成两组分复合物。
根据一个优选的实施方式,所述硼酸是在所述皂化反应完成后、所述加压釜泄压至常压并且所述加压釜内温度为110--150℃时加入的,所述硼酸加入所述加压釜后,在常压下使所述加压釜内温度达到130-150℃并保持恒温0.5-1小时。
此硼酸的添加工艺可以使硼酸充分反应成硼酸锂盐并与12羟基脂肪酸锂皂和二元酸锂皂形成的两组分复合物充分复合共结晶,此时,癸二酸分子羰基中富电子的氧原子首先与12羟基酸分子羟基中具有空轨道的氢原子形成氢键,而后12羟基酸分子羰基中富电子的氧原子又与硼酸分子中具有空轨道的硼原子形成配位键,这样可以形成新的三组分复合物。这种新的三组分复合物不同于将12羟基硬脂酸、癸二酸、硼酸一次同时加入加压釜形成的三组分复合物,这种新的三组分复合物复合分子结构粗长,搭接而成的纤维结构强度高、牢固,从而使复合锂基润滑脂的滴点和抗磨性可以大幅度提高。
根据一个优选的实施方式,恒温炼制是在向所述加压釜内加入基础油或合成油总量的三分之一、常压下升温至210-260℃并保持恒温0.5小时后完成的。
加入常温的基础油或合成油总量的三分之一可以稀释已经形成的高皂含量物料,有利于传热,以利于物料的加热升温。常压下升温至210-260℃并保持恒温0.5小时,可以使皂分在高温下形成油的真溶液,各组成成分充分接触,恒温一定时间使各组分高温复合共结晶的效果最好。
根据一个优选的实施方式,加入常温的基础油或合成油总量的三分之一后转入调和釜,在调和釜内循环降温至130℃,通过机械泵剪切至110℃,在105-110℃时加入抗氧剂和防锈剂,同时搅拌均匀并调整稠度,脱气。
加入常温的基础油或合成油总量的三分之一可以使物料在高温下急速冷却,达到形成必要结构的温度,也是有利于共结晶的生长。
根据一个优选的实施方式,所述二元酸为癸二酸或壬二酸。
根据一个优选的实施方式,所述12羟基硬脂酸与所述二元酸的摩尔比是1∶0.2-0.8。
根据一个优选的实施方式,所述12羟基脂肪酸与所述硼酸的摩尔比为1∶0.2-0.5。
根据一个优选的实施方式,所述氢氧化锂和水的质量比为1∶5。
根据一个优选的实施方式,所述基础油由光亮油、500N、150N组成,其所占重量百分比分别为28%、50%、22%。
根据一个优选的实施方式,所述合成油为聚α烯烃或合成酯。
根据一个优选的实施方式,所述抗氧剂为烷基二苯胺。
根据一个优选的实施方式,所述防锈剂为石油磺酸钡、合成磺酸钠、环烷酸锌、烷基苯并三氮唑中的一种或几种。
一种上述制备方法制得的复合锂基润滑脂。
一种上述制备方法制得的并不添加减摩抗磨剂的复合锂基润滑脂。
根据一个优选的实施方式,所述复合锂基润滑脂包括基础油或合成油、由12羟基脂肪酸锂皂和二元酸锂皂复合后与硼酸形成的复合物组成的稠化剂和由抗氧剂和防锈剂组成的添加剂,所述基础油或合成油、所述稠化剂和所述添加剂占所述复合锂基润滑脂的重量百分数分别为75~90%、10~20%、0.05~5%。
一种上述制备方法制得并添加有减摩抗磨剂的复合锂基润滑脂。
根据一个优选的实施方式,所述复合锂基润滑脂包括基础油或合成油、由12羟基脂肪酸锂皂和二元酸锂皂复合后与硼酸形成的复合物组成的稠化剂、由抗氧剂、防锈剂和减摩抗磨剂组成的添加剂,所述基础油或合成油、所述稠化剂和所述添加剂占所述复合锂基润滑脂的重量百分数分别为75~90%、10~20%、0.05~5%。
根据一个优选的实施方式,所述减摩抗磨剂为氨基硫代酯、二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸盐中的任意一种。
本发明的有益效果在于:
1.本发明克服了传统制备工艺的复合锂基润滑脂滴点不高、减摩抗磨性需要外加添加剂的问题,在不加入减摩抗磨剂的条件下,通过改变硼酸的添加工艺,提高复合锂基润滑脂的滴点和减摩抗磨性能,使其能够在使用温度高于260℃,PB值大于980N的苛刻条件下满足润滑的要求。
2.本发明的复合锂基润滑脂的制备方法可根据产品性能要求的严苛程度使配方更加灵活,根据不同的使用条件对产品性能的不同要求,选择加与不加抗磨减摩剂,操作条件即温度压力控制更宽泛、更易操作。
3.根据本发明复合锂基润滑脂的制备方法制得的复合锂基润滑脂在提高滴点和减摩抗磨性能的同时,具有良好的高低温性能和机械安定性、胶体安定性。
附图说明
图1为本发明的复合锂基润滑脂的制备方法的工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例具体说明本发明。本领域技术人员应该明了,这里所列举的实施例只是帮助理解本发明,不应视为对本发明的具体限制。实施例中的各种原材料均为国内市场采购,实际生产中所应用。
图1为本发明的复合锂基润滑脂的制备方法的工艺流程图。图1示出了一种在不加入减摩抗磨剂的条件下,通过改变硼酸的添加工艺,提高复合锂基润滑脂的滴点和减摩抗磨性能的复合锂基润滑脂的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:
1)将基础油或合成油总量的三分之一、12羟基硬脂酸、二元酸、氢氧化锂和5倍氢氧化锂的水加入加压釜内,密闭、搅拌。
2)升温加压,经过1-3.5小时、当加压釜内温度达到130-150℃、压力达到0.3-0.6Mpa时,停止加热,保持加压釜内恒温恒压0.5-2小时,进行皂化反应。
此工艺可以使皂化反应在较短的时间内完成,并使12羟基脂肪酸锂皂与二元酸锂皂复合共结晶,形成两组分复合物。
3)皂化反应完成后,释放加压釜内的压力使其成为常压状态、在温度为110-150℃时加入硼酸。
4)升温搅拌,常压下使温度在130-150℃保持0.5-1小时,再加入常温的基础油或合成油总量的三分之一。
此硼酸的添加工艺可以使硼酸充分反应成硼酸锂盐并与12羟基脂肪酸锂皂和二元酸锂皂形成的两组分复合物充分复合共结晶,此时,癸二酸分子羰基中富电子的氧原子首先与12羟基酸分子羟基中具有空轨道的氢原子形成氢键,而后12羟基酸分子羰基中富电子的氧原子又与硼酸分子中具有空轨道的硼原子形成配位键,这样可以形成新的三组分复合物。这种新的三组分复合物不同于将12羟基硬脂酸、癸二酸、硼酸一次同时加入加压釜形成的三组分复合物,这种新的三组分复合物复合分子结构粗长,搭接而成的纤维结构强度高、牢固,从而使复合锂基润滑脂的滴点和抗磨性可以大幅度提高。加入常温的基础油或合成油总量的三分之一可以稀释已经形成的高皂含量物料,有利于传热,以利于物料的加热升温。
5)继续升温搅拌,常压下当温度升至210-260℃时停止加热升温,恒温0.5小时,再加入常温的基础油或合成油总量的三分之一,转入调和釜。
常压下升温至210-260℃并保持恒温0.5小时,可以使皂分在高温下形成油的真溶液,各组成成分充分接触,恒温一定时间使各组分高温复合共结晶的效果最好。加入常温的基础油或合成油总量的三分之一可以使物料在高温下急速冷却,达到形成必要结构的温度,也是使各组分复合共结晶。
6)在调和釜内循环降温至130℃,通过机械泵剪切至110℃,在105-110℃加入抗氧剂、防锈剂,搅拌均匀并调整稠度,脱气后即为成品。
通过图1所示的复合锂基润滑脂的制备方法,可以克服了传统制备工艺的复合锂基润滑脂滴点不高、减摩抗磨性需要外加添加剂的问题,在不加入减摩抗磨剂的条件下,通过改变硼酸的添加工艺,形成新的三组分复合物。这种新的三组分复合物不同于将12羟基硬脂酸、癸二酸、硼酸一次同时加入加压釜形成的三组分复合物,这种新的三组分复合物复合分子结构粗长,搭接而成的纤维结构强度高、牢固,从而使复合锂基润滑脂的滴点和抗磨性可以大幅度提高,使其能够在使用温度高于260℃,PB值大于980N的苛刻条件下满足润滑的要求。
具体实施例及对比例。
实施例1
一种复合锂基润滑脂的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:
1)将由28%的光亮油、50%的500N和22%的150N组成的基础油380千克、12羟基硬脂酸120千克、癸二酸35千克、氢氧化锂30千克和水150千克加入容积1.5M3的压力釜内,密闭、搅拌。
2)升温加压,经过1-3.5小时,当加压釜内温度达到130-150℃,压力达到0.3-0.6Mpa时,停止加热,保持加压釜内恒温恒压0.5-2小时,进行皂化反应。
3)皂化反应完成后,释放加压釜内的压力,使其成为常压状态,在温度为110-150℃时加入6千克硼酸。
4)升温搅拌,常压下使温度在130-150℃保持0.5-1小时,再加入由28%的光亮油、50%的500N和22%的150N组成的基础油380千克。
5)继续升温搅拌,常压下当温度升至210-260℃时停止加热升温,恒温0.5小时,再加入由28%的光亮油、50%的500N和22%的150N组成的基础油380千克,转入调和釜。
6)在调和釜内循环降温至130℃,通过机械泵剪切至110℃,在105-110℃加入2.5千克烷基二苯胺和0.8千克石油磺酸钡,搅拌均匀并调整稠度,脱气后即为成品。
实施例1的测定数据见表1。
实施例2
采用聚α烯烃作为生产用基础油,除基础油不一样外,复合锂基润滑脂的其它原料配比和工艺过程与实施例1一致。实施例2的测定数据见表1。
实施例3
采用多元醇酯和矿物基础油混合基础油作生产用基础油,除基础油不一样外,复合锂基脂的其它原料配比和工艺过程与实施例1一致。实施例3的测定数据见表1。
比较例1
比较例1与实施例1相比,其区别仅在于复合物硼酸的添加工艺不同。其包括如下步骤:
1)将由28%的光亮油、50%的500N和22%的150N组成的基础油380千克、12羟基硬脂酸120千克、癸二酸35千克、氢氧化锂30千克、水150千克和硼酸6千克加入容积1.5M3的压力釜内,密闭、搅拌。
2)升温加压,经过1-3.5小时,当加压釜内温度达到130-150℃,压力达到0.3-0.6Mpa时,停止加热,保持加压釜内恒温恒压0.5-2小时,进行皂化反应。
3)皂化反应完成后,释放加压釜内的压力,使其成为常压状态,加入由28%的光亮油、50%的500N和22%的150N组成的基础油380千克。
4)继续升温搅拌,常压下当温度升至210-260℃时停止加热升温,恒温0.5小时,再加入由28%的光亮油、50%的500N和22%的150N组成的基础油380千克,转入调和釜。
5)在调和釜内循环降温至130℃,通过机械泵剪切至110℃,在105-110℃加入2.5千克烷基二苯胺和0.8千克石油磺酸钡,搅拌均匀并调整稠度,脱气后即为成品。
比较例1的测定数据见表1。
比较例2
比较例2与比较例1相比,增加了抗磨减摩剂。其包括如下步骤:
1)将由28%的光亮油、50%的500N和22%的150N组成的基础油380千克、12羟基硬脂酸120千克、癸二酸35千克、氢氧化锂30千克、水150千克和硼酸6千克加入容积1.5M3的压力釜内,密闭、搅拌。
2)升温加压,经过1-3.5小时,当加压釜内温度达到130-150℃,压力达到0.3-0.6Mpa时,停止加热,保持加压釜内恒温恒压0.5-2小时,进行皂化反应。
3)皂化反应完成后,释放加压釜内的压力,使其成为常压状态,加入由28%的光亮油、50%的500N和22%的150N组成的基础油380千克。
4)继续升温搅拌,常压下当温度升至210-260℃时停止加热升温,恒温0.5小时,再加入由28%的光亮油、50%的500N和22%的150N组成的基础油380千克,转入调和釜。
5)在调和釜内循环降温至130℃,通过机械泵剪切至110℃,在105-110℃加入2.5千克烷基二苯胺和0.8千克石油磺酸钡和4.5千克二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸盐,搅拌均匀并调整稠度,脱气后即为成品。
比较例2的测定数据见表1。
表1
从表1中可以看出,采用本发明制备方法的实施例1、实施例2和实施例3所制得的复合锂基润滑脂的滴点都大于300℃,PB值都大于980N,也具有良好的高低温性能和机械安定性、胶体安定性。
另外,本发明的复合锂基润滑脂的制备方法可根据产品性能要求的严苛程度使配方更加灵活,根据不同的使用条件对产品性能的不同要求,选择加与不加抗磨减摩剂,操作条件即温度压力控制更宽泛、更易操作。
通过本发明的复合锂基润滑脂的制备方法可以制得一种复合锂基润滑脂。这种复合锂基润滑脂包括基础油或合成油、由12羟基脂肪酸锂皂和二元酸锂皂复合后与硼酸形成的复合物组成的稠化剂、由抗氧剂、防锈剂组成的添加剂,所述基础油或合成油、所述稠化剂和所述添加剂占所述复合锂基润滑脂的重量百分数分别为75~90%、10~20%、0.05~5%。
通过本发明的复合锂基润滑脂的制备方法也可以制得一种不添加抗磨减摩剂的复合锂基润滑脂。这种复合锂基润滑脂包括基础油或合成油、由12羟基脂肪酸锂皂和二元酸锂皂复合后与硼酸形成的复合物组成的稠化剂、由抗氧剂、防锈剂组成的添加剂,所述基础油或合成油、所述稠化剂和所述添加剂占所述复合锂基润滑脂的重量百分数分别为75~90%、10~20%、0.05~5%。
通过本发明的复合锂基润滑脂的制备方法还可以制得一种添加有抗磨减摩剂的复合锂基润滑脂。抗磨减摩剂可以采用氨基硫代酯、二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸盐等。抗磨减摩剂与抗氧剂、防锈剂组成添加剂一起添加。这种复合锂基润滑脂包括基础油或合成油、由12羟基脂肪酸锂皂和二元酸锂皂复合后与硼酸形成的复合物组成的稠化剂、由抗氧剂、防锈剂和减摩抗磨剂组成的添加剂,所述基础油或合成油、所述稠化剂和所述添加剂占所述复合锂基润滑脂的重量百分数分别为75~90%、10~20%、0.05~5%。
本发明的有益效果在于:
1.本发明克服了传统制备工艺的复合锂基润滑脂滴点不高、减摩抗磨性需要外加添加剂的问题,在不加入减摩抗磨剂的条件下,通过改变硼酸的添加工艺,形成新的三组分复合物。这种新的三组分复合物不同于将12羟基硬脂酸、癸二酸、硼酸一次同时加入加压釜形成的三组分复合物,这种新的三组分复合物复合分子结构粗长,搭接而成的纤维结构强度高、牢固,从而使复合锂基润滑脂的滴点和抗磨性可以大幅度提高,使其能够在使用温度高于260℃,PB值大于980N的苛刻条件下满足润滑的要求。
2.本发明的复合锂基润滑脂的制备方法可根据产品性能要求的严苛程度使配方更加灵活,根据不同的使用条件对产品性能的不同要求,选择加与不加抗磨减摩剂,操作条件即温度压力控制更宽泛、更易操作。
3.根据本发明复合锂基润滑脂的制备方法制得的复合锂基润滑脂在提高滴点和减摩抗磨性能的同时,具有良好的高低温性能和机械安定性、胶体安定性。
以上的实施例仅为本发明的优选部分,并不用于限制本发明,虽然以上所叙述的实例对本发明进行了具体的说明,但是本行业的技术人员依然可以对所叙述实施例的技术方案进行修改,或对其中的技术特征进行等同的替换,凡在本发明的内容和技术原则之内进行的修改、等同替换、改进等,均应属于在本发明的保护之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种稠化剂,其特征在于,所述稠化剂是由12羟基硬脂酸、二元酸、氢氧化锂和水发生皂化反应后的12羟基脂肪酸锂皂和二元酸锂皂复合后再与硼酸形成的复合物,其中,
所述硼酸是在所述皂化反应完成后、加压釜泄压至常压并且所述加压釜内温度为110~150℃时加入的,所述硼酸加入所述加压釜后,在常压下使所述加压釜内温度达到130~150℃并保持恒温0.5~1小时以形成所述稠化剂。
2.如权利要求1所述的稠化剂,其特征在于,所述皂化反应是在所述加压釜经过1~3.5小时升温加压、所述加压釜内温度达到130~150℃、压力达到0.3~0.6MPa并保持恒温恒压0.5~2小时后完成的。
3.如权利要求1所述的稠化剂,其特征在于,所述12羟基硬脂酸与所述二元酸的摩尔比是1∶0.2~0.8,所述12羟基脂肪酸与所述硼酸的摩尔比是1∶0.2~0.5,所述氢氧化锂和水的质量比为1∶5。
4.如权利要求1所述的稠化剂,其特征在于,所述二元酸为癸二酸或壬二酸。
5.一种包含前述权利要求之一所述稠化剂的复合锂基润滑脂,其特征在于,所述复合锂基润滑脂还包括基础油或合成油、由抗氧剂和防锈剂组成的添加剂,其中,所述基础油或合成油、所述稠化剂和所述添加剂占所述复合锂基润滑脂的重量百分数分别为75~90%、10~20%、0.05~5%,并且所述基础油或合成油、所述稠化剂和所述添加剂的百分含量之和为100%。
6.如权利要求5所述的复合锂基润滑脂,其特征在于,所述基础油或合成油是分三次加入以制备所述复合锂基润滑脂,其中,
所述基础油或合成油总量的三分之一与12羟基硬脂酸、二元酸、氢氧化锂和水加入加压釜内,密闭、搅拌并升温加压,进行皂化反应;
所述基础油或合成油总量的三分之一在硼酸与12羟基脂肪酸锂皂、二元酸锂皂形成复合物后加入所述加压釜内,并在常压下升温至210~260℃并保持恒温0.5小时以完成恒温炼制过程;
剩余的所述基础油或合成油在恒温炼制过程后加入所述加压釜内。
7.如权利要求6所述的复合锂基润滑脂,其特征在于,剩余的所述基础油或合成油加入所述加压釜内后转入调和釜,在调和釜内循环降温至130℃,通过机械泵剪切至110℃,在105~110℃时加入抗氧剂和防锈剂,同时搅拌均匀并调整稠度,脱气。
8.如权利要求5所述的复合锂基润滑脂,其特征在于,所述基础油由光亮油、500N、150N组成,其所占重量百分比分别为28%、50%、22%,所述合成油为聚α烯烃或合成酯。
9.如权利要求5所述的复合锂基润滑脂,其特征在于,所述抗氧剂为烷基二苯胺。
10.如权利要求5所述的复合锂基润滑脂,其特征在于,所述防锈剂为石油磺酸钡、合成磺酸钠、环烷酸锌中的一种或几种。
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