CN105538695B - 连接元件的方法 - Google Patents

连接元件的方法 Download PDF

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CN105538695B
CN105538695B CN201510684330.1A CN201510684330A CN105538695B CN 105538695 B CN105538695 B CN 105538695B CN 201510684330 A CN201510684330 A CN 201510684330A CN 105538695 B CN105538695 B CN 105538695B
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resin molded
fibre
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reinforced
resin
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CN105538695A (zh
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稻生隆嗣
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Toyota Motor Corp
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/21Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being formed by a single dot or dash or by several dots or dashes, i.e. spot joining or spot welding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/60Riveting or staking
    • B29C65/606Riveting or staking the rivets being integral with one of the parts to be joined, i.e. staking
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7214Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the length of the fibres
    • B29C66/72141Fibres of continuous length
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7214Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the length of the fibres
    • B29C66/72143Fibres of discontinuous lengths
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/74Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
    • B29C66/742Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to metals or their alloys
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C69/00Combinations of shaping techniques not provided for in a single one of main groups B29C39/00 - B29C67/00, e.g. associations of moulding and joining techniques; Apparatus therefore
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/40Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
    • B29C70/42Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C70/46Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/40Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
    • B29C70/42Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C70/46Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs
    • B29C70/48Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs and impregnating the reinforcements in the closed mould, e.g. resin transfer moulding [RTM], e.g. by vacuum
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/68Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks
    • B29C70/84Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks by moulding material on preformed parts to be joined
    • B29C70/845Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks by moulding material on preformed parts to be joined by moulding material on a relative small portion of the preformed parts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7212Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the composition of the fibres
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/74Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
    • B29C66/742Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to metals or their alloys
    • B29C66/7422Aluminium or alloys of aluminium
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/74Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
    • B29C66/742Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to metals or their alloys
    • B29C66/7428Transition metals or their alloys
    • B29C66/74283Iron or alloys of iron, e.g. steel
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29LINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/30Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

一种连接元件的方法,包括:制备包括上模(1)和下模(2)的模具(10),上模或下模形成带有凹槽(4)的模腔(3);将纤维增强材料(20)置于模腔中,用热塑性树脂(30)填充所述模腔和所述凹槽,并固化所述热塑性树脂以产生包括纤维增强的树脂模制体(40)和树脂模制体(50)的树脂模制复合元件(60),所述树脂模制体与所述纤维增强的树脂模制体合为一体,且所述树脂模制体不包括纤维增强材料;和将所述树脂模制体插过预定元件(70)的通孔(70a),并借助压力使所述树脂模制体变形以使预定元件被所述纤维增强的树脂模制体和所述树脂模制体夹紧并由此连接所述树脂模制复合元件和所述预定元件。

Description

连接元件的方法
发明背景
1.发明领域
本发明涉及一种连接树脂模制元件和不同元件的连接方法,所述树脂模制元件的至少一部分包括纤维增强材料。
2.相关技术描述
由树脂和包含在树脂中的增强纤维材料(纤维增强材料)形成的纤维增强的树脂元件(纤维增强塑料(FRP))因其轻重量和高强度而用于各种工业领域,如汽车工业、建筑工业和航空工业。例如,在汽车工业中,将上述纤维增强的树脂元件应用于车辆的框架结构元件,如前侧元件(front side members)、中心横向元件(center cross members)、柱、锁扣和车身地板,或应用于需要设计性质的非结构元件,如门外板和车蓬(hoods)。借助上述构造,已作出各种在确保车辆强度的同时降低车重以制造燃料效率提高的环保车辆的努力。
作为连接纤维增强的树脂元件的方法,常使用借助粘合剂的连接方法,或借助螺栓的连接方法,或这些方法的组合。同时,作为连接金属元件,如铝板和钢板的方法,常使用经由点焊、搅拌摩擦焊、机械铆接(mechanical clinching)、钎焊、螺丝接合、自冲铆接等的连接方法。例如在日本专利申请公开No.2007-229980中公开了自冲铆接。关于纤维增强的树脂元件和金属元件之间的连接,即不同类型的元件之间的连接,使用上述方法之一或在一些情况中以两种或更多种上述方法的组合将元件互相连接。
在纤维增强的树脂元件之间或金属元件之间的连接,即所谓类似元件之间的连接中,和在纤维增强的树脂元件与金属元件之间的连接,即所谓不同元件之间的连接中,上述连接方法都具有各种问题。
例如,在使用粘合剂的情况下,花费一些时间粘合元件。在使用螺栓、螺丝接合、自冲铆接等的情况下,需要连接件,因此制造时间增加,或与连接件有关的制造成本提高。
特别地,在使用连接件,如螺栓将具有三维复杂形状的元件互相连接的情况下,不容易处理待连接元件之间的校准;因此可能需要更多装配程序才能用连接件将元件互相连接。在经粘合剂或焊接连接时,很难尽可能均匀地在要连接的三维复杂的整个部分(重叠部分)上施加粘合剂或施加热。
发明概述
本发明提供一种连接树脂模制元件和不同元件的连接方法,所述树脂模制元件的至少一部分包括纤维增强材料。
本发明的第一方面是一种连接元件的方法。所述方法包括:制备包括上模和下模的模具,由两者形成模腔,上模或下模的模腔表面具有凹槽,且所述模腔表面面向模腔;将由连续纤维增强材料或长纤维增强材料形成的纤维增强材料置于模腔中,用热塑性树脂填充所述模腔和所述凹槽,并固化所述热塑性树脂以产生包括纤维增强的树脂模制体和树脂模制体的树脂模制复合元件,所述纤维增强的树脂模制体由所述纤维增强材料和所述热塑性树脂形成,所述树脂模制体与所述纤维增强的树脂模制体合为一体,且所述树脂模制体不包括纤维增强材料;和将所述树脂模制体插过预定元件的通孔,并借助压力使所述树脂模制体变形以使预定元件被所述纤维增强的树脂模制体和所述树脂模制体夹紧并由此连接所述树脂模制复合元件和所述预定元件。
根据本发明的第一方面,由于待变形的树脂模制体不包括纤维增强材料,如连续纤维增强材料,加压变形(包括在树脂被加热并熔融的状态下的加压变形)变得更容易,由此利于元件之间的夹紧。在两个元件之间的连接中不需要连接件,如粘合剂、螺栓、螺丝和自冲铆钉,由此提高连接作业的效率以及实现制造成本的降低。基本上不必使用粘合剂和连接件,但这并不意味着完全消除这些部件的使用。例如,如果必要,为了增强连接强度,可以同时使用粘合剂和/或连接件。
“具有凹槽的上模或下模的模腔表面”是指上模和下模的至少一个包括至少一个凹槽。具体而言,根据待模制的树脂模制复合元件和预定元件(下文也称作不同元件)之间的连接位置或连接位置数,可以设定向上模和下模各自的模腔表面提供的凹槽的位置或数量。凹槽形状可以是任何形状,只要待模制的树脂模制体可以插过不同元件的通孔并可以借助压力变形以夹紧不同元件。例如,该凹槽可以是圆柱形凹槽或多边柱形凹槽。
“连续纤维增强材料”被定义为是集合成预定形状(例如与待模制的纤维增强的树脂模制材料的形状近似的三维形状)的如Japanese Industrial Standards(JIS)规定的纤维长度大于50毫米的纤维材料。“长纤维增强材料”被定义为是集合成预定形状的具有比连续纤维增强材料短的纤维长度,具体在小于50毫米至大于10毫米范围内的纤维长度的纤维材料。可以使用碳纤维、金属纤维和陶瓷纤维之一或它们的两种或更多种的混合物形成这些纤维增强材料。
由于连续纤维增强材料和长纤维增强材料具有长纤维长度并增强该元件的强度,不容易借助压力使包括这样的纤维增强材料的树脂元件变形。为了对抗这一点,在本发明的第一方面中,在上模或下模的模腔表面的预定位置设置预定尺寸和预定形状的凹槽。此外,在本发明的第一方面中,在这种凹槽中不安置纤维增强材料的情况下用热塑性树脂填充模腔和凹槽。
通过本发明的第一方面制成的树脂模制复合元件包括:由纤维增强材料和热塑性树脂形成的纤维增强的树脂模制体;和与所述纤维增强的树脂模制体合为一体、不包括纤维增强材料因此容易借助压力变形的树脂模制体。
“用热塑性树脂填充”可通过热塑性树脂的注射成型法进行。或者,“用热塑性树脂填充”可包括将热塑性树脂等的散料置于模腔中,然后在合紧模具时借助压力模制热塑性树脂以使热塑性树脂遍布整个模腔和凹槽。
要施加的热塑性树脂可以是结晶塑料,如聚酰胺(PA)和聚丙烯(PP),和无定形塑料,如聚苯乙烯(PS)和聚氯乙烯(PVC)。
在本发明的第一方面中,例如,制成树脂模制复合元件,对其进行配置以使凸出的树脂模制体从平坦的纤维增强的树脂模制体上伸出。将不包括纤维增强材料的树脂模制体插过预定元件(不同元件)的通孔,然后借助压力变形。作为“预定元件”,可以使用各种元件,如纤维增强的树脂元件(其整体或局部包括与该树脂模制复合元件类似的纤维增强材料),不包括纤维增强材料的树脂元件,由铝合金、铁等制成的金属元件或由RC、SRC等制成的混凝土元件。
在本发明的第一方面中,借助压力使树脂模制体变形的加工方法可以是通过压制使该树脂模制体变形的方法,或至少在该树脂模制体被加热并软化的状态下通过压制使该树脂模制体热变形的方法。就热变形法而言,在聚合热塑性树脂的熔点或更高的温度环境下对该树脂模制体施压,由此容易进行树脂模制体的加压变形。
本发明的第二方面是一种连接元件的方法。所述方法包括:制备包括上模和下模的模具,由两者形成模腔,上模或下模的模腔表面具有凹槽,且所述模腔表面面向模腔;将由连续纤维增强材料或长纤维增强材料形成的第一纤维增强材料置于模腔中,将由短纤维增强材料形成的第二纤维增强材料置于所述凹槽中,用热塑性树脂填充所述模腔和所述凹槽,并固化所述热塑性树脂以产生包括第一纤维增强的树脂模制体和第二纤维增强的树脂模制体的树脂模制复合元件,第一纤维增强的树脂模制体由第一纤维增强材料和所述热塑性树脂形成,第二纤维增强的树脂模制体与第一纤维增强的树脂模制体合为一体,且第二纤维增强的树脂模制体由第二纤维增强材料和所述热塑性树脂形成;和将第二纤维增强的树脂模制体插过预定元件的通孔,并借助压力使第二纤维增强的树脂模制体变形以使预定元件被第一纤维增强的树脂模制体和第二纤维增强的树脂模制体夹紧并由此连接所述树脂模制复合元件和所述预定元件。
“短纤维增强材料”被定义为是集合成预定形状(要置于凹槽中的形状)的具有比长纤维材料短的纤维长度,具体10毫米或更小的纤维长度的纤维材料。
要插过预定元件(不同元件)的通孔并变形的第二纤维增强的树脂模制体在其内含有纤维增强材料,但这种纤维增强材料是短纤维增强材料。因此,第二纤维增强的树脂模制体比第一纤维增强的树脂模制体更容易借助压力变形。要插过不同元件的通孔并变形的第二纤维增强的树脂模制体含有纤维增强材料,由此进一步增强该不同元件和树脂模制复合元件之间的连接强度。
根据本发明的第一和第二方面,要变形的树脂模制体或第二纤维增强的树脂模制体不包括连续纤维增强材料或长纤维增强材料,因此有利于加压变形并有利于元件之间的夹紧。此外,在将两个元件互相连接时不必使用连接件,如粘合剂、螺栓、螺丝和自冲铆钉;因此可以提高连接作业的效率以及实现制造成本的降低。
附图简述
下面参考附图描述本发明的示例性实施方案的特征、优点以及技术和工业意义,其中类似数字是指类似元件,且其中:
图1A、图1B和图1C是显示作为本发明的第一实施方案的连接元件的方法的第一步骤并显示第一步骤中所用的模具的实例的图;
图2是显示作为本发明的第一实施方案的连接元件的方法的第二步骤的一部分的图;
图3是显示由图2继续进行的第二步骤的一部分的图;
图4是显示第二步骤中制成的树脂模制复合元件的示意图;
图5是显示作为本发明的第一实施方案的连接元件的方法的第三步骤的图;
图6是显示在本发明的第一实施方案中制成的连接结构体的示意图;
图7是显示作为本发明的第二实施方案的连接元件的方法的第二步骤的图;
图8是显示在本发明的第二实施方案的第二步骤中制成的树脂模制复合元件的示意图;且
图9是显示在本发明的第二实施方案中制成的连接结构体的示意图。
实施方案详述
下面参考附图描述作为本发明的第一实施方案的连接元件的方法。在附图中图解的实例中,树脂模制复合元件和作为不同元件(预定元件)的金属元件被视为连接目标,但本发明的第一实施方案不限于此。例如,在将树脂模制复合元件互相连接的情况下,可以将树脂模制复合元件之一视为具有通孔的不同元件。在连接树脂模制复合元件和不包括纤维增强材料的树脂模制体的情况下,可以将该树脂模制体视为具有通孔的不同元件。在连接树脂模制复合元件和混凝土元件的情况下,可以将该混凝土元件视为具有通孔的不同元件。在附图中图解的实例中,将作为不同元件的金属元件连接到该树脂模制复合元件一面上的表面(顶表面)上,但本发明的第一实施方案不限于此。例如,可以将金属元件连接到该树脂模制复合元件一面上的表面上,并将金属元件、树脂模制复合元件等作为不同元件连接到该树脂模制复合元件另一面上的表面(底表面)上。此外,该树脂模制复合元件和不同元件之间的连接表面不限于如附图中例示的平面,也可以是三维形状,如曲线形和波浪形。
图1A至图1C显示作为本发明的第一实施方案的连接元件的方法的第一步骤,并显示第一步骤中所用的模具的实例。图2和图3相继显示该连接元件的方法的第二步骤。图4是显示第二步骤中制成的树脂模制复合元件的示意图。图5是显示该连接元件的方法的第三步骤的图,且图6是显示本发明的第一实施方案中制成的连接结构体的示意图。
如图1A中所示,制备模具10,其包括:上模1和下模2,由两者形成模腔3;和为上模1的面向模腔的模腔表面提供凹槽4(第一步骤)。在附图中省略用于打开和关闭上模1的升降机构。
在图1A中所示的模具10中,为上模1的模腔表面设置单凹槽4,但该模具的形状不限于此。根据要最终连接的两个元件之间的连接方式,如图1B的模具10A中所示,可以为上模1A的模腔表面提供两个凹槽4。如图1C的模具10B中所示,可以为上模1的模腔表面设置凹槽4,也可以为下模2A的模腔表面设置不同的凹槽5。尽管未显示在图中,但在由如图1C中所示的模具10B制成的树脂模制复合元件中,在作为该树脂模制复合元件中包含的结构元件的纤维增强的树脂体的上表面和下表面上都提供要插过不同元件的各自通孔的树脂模制体。下面就使用如图1A中所示的模具的情况描述作为本发明的第一实施方案的连接元件的方法。
如图2中所示,将由连续纤维增强材料或长纤维增强材料形成的纤维增强材料20置于模具10的模腔3中。连续纤维增强材料是纤维长度为50毫米或更大的纤维材料,长纤维增强材料是纤维长度小于50毫米,具体而言例如纤维长度为大于10毫米至大约30毫米或更小的纤维材料。
通过将连续增强纤维等集合成与模腔3的形状和尺寸近似的形状和尺寸形成纤维增强材料20。纤维增强材料20的原材料的实例包括由硼、氧化铝、碳化硅、氮化硅、氧化锆等制成的陶瓷纤维;无机纤维,如玻璃纤维和碳纤维;由铜、钢、铝、不锈钢等制成的金属纤维;和由聚酰胺、聚酯等制成的有机纤维的任一项或两种或更多种的混合物。
如图3中所示,将热塑性树脂30注入模腔3和凹槽4。注入其中的热塑性树脂30渗透模腔3中的纤维增强材料20,然后遍布整个模腔3并进一步扩散到凹槽4中以完全填满凹槽4。
作为热塑性树脂30的原材料,可以使用结晶塑料,如聚乙烯(PE)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚酰胺(PA:尼龙6、尼龙66)、聚缩醛(POM)和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET);和无定形塑料,如聚苯乙烯(PS)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、ABS树脂和热塑性环氧树脂之一或包括两种或更多种的混合物的材料。
注入模腔3和凹槽4的热塑性树脂30固化,由此制成由纤维增强的树脂模制体40和树脂模制体50形成的树脂模制复合元件60(第二步骤)。纤维增强的树脂模制体40由纤维增强材料20和热塑性树脂30形成。树脂模制体50与纤维增强的树脂模制体40合为一体并且不包括纤维增强材料20。
在第二步骤中制成树脂模制复合元件60后,如图5中所示,将树脂模制复合元件60中包含的树脂模制体50插过作为要与树脂模制复合元件60连接的不同元件的金属元件70的通孔70a。
随后,在其熔点或更高的温度下加热树脂模制体50,并在软化的同时对树脂模制体50施压,由此借助压力使树脂模制体50从通孔70a向上伸出的区域如图6中所示变形成凸缘50a。此外,金属元件70被凸缘50a和纤维增强的树脂模制体40夹紧,由此将树脂模制复合元件60和金属元件70连接成连接结构体100。
根据如图中所示的连接元件的方法,由于要变形的树脂模制体50不包括由连续纤维增强材料等制成的纤维增强材料20,树脂模制体50可容易地借助压力变形,这有利于树脂模制复合元件60和金属元件70之间的连接作业。
不使用连接件,如粘合剂、螺栓、螺丝和自冲铆钉连接树脂模制复合元件60和金属元件70,由此提高连接作业的效率以及实现制造成本的降低。
由于通过经树脂模制体50的加压变形和纤维增强的树脂模制体40夹紧金属元件70而将树脂模制复合元件60和金属元件70互相连接,连接结构体100的连接强度变得极高。
将平纹编织的碳纤维织物置于在模腔表面上包括凹槽的模具的模腔中。作为要注入模腔中的热塑性树脂,使用通过在作为聚酰胺原材料的ε-己内酰胺中加入催化剂和活化剂形成的混合物。将这种热塑性树脂在100℃的温度下熔融并注入模具中。在注入这种热塑性树脂时,将模具温度设定为160℃,在此热塑性树脂可聚合。在热塑性树脂固化后,制成树脂模制复合元件,其包括:由碳纤维织物和热塑性树脂形成的纤维增强的树脂模制体;和从该纤维增强的树脂模制体上凸出的仅由热塑性树脂制成的树脂模制体。随后,将该树脂模制体插过不同元件的通孔,然后在作为聚合的聚酰胺的熔点或更高温度的280℃的温度环境下施压,由此由纤维增强的树脂模制体和通过施压展平的树脂模制体夹紧该不同元件。
如下参考图7至图9描述作为本发明的第二实施方案的连接元件的方法。图7是显示作为本发明的第二实施方案的连接元件的方法的第二步骤的图。图8是显示第二步骤中制成的树脂模制复合元件的示意图。图9是显示制成的连接结构体的第二实施方案的示意图。
在如图7中所示的这种连接法中,在第二步骤中,除将由连续纤维增强材料或长纤维增强材料形成的第一纤维增强材料20A置于模具10的模腔3中外,还将由短纤维增强材料形成的第二纤维增强材料80置于凹槽4中。
尽管未显示在图中,但用热塑性树脂填充模腔3和凹槽4,注入的热塑性树脂渗透模腔3中的第一纤维增强材料20A,然后遍布整个模腔3。在凹槽4中,注入的热塑性树脂渗透第二纤维增强材料80,然后遍布整个凹槽4以完全填满凹槽4。
将注入模腔3和凹槽4的热塑性树脂固化,由此制成如图8中所示的由第一纤维增强的树脂模制体40A和第二纤维增强的树脂模制体50A形成的树脂模制复合元件60A(第二步骤)。第一纤维增强的树脂模制体40A由第一纤维增强材料20A和热塑性树脂形成。第二纤维增强的树脂模制体50A由与第一纤维增强的树脂模制体40A合为一体的第二纤维增强材料80和热塑性树脂形成。
在第二步骤中制成树脂模制复合元件60A后,尽管未显示在图中,将树脂模制复合元件60A的第二纤维增强的树脂模制体50A插过作为要与树脂模制复合元件60A连接的不同元件的金属元件70的通孔70a。
随后,在其熔点或更高的温度下加热第二纤维增强的树脂模制体50A,并在软化的同时对第二纤维增强的树脂模制体50A施压,由此借助压力使第二纤维增强的树脂模制体50A从通孔70a伸出的区域如图9中所示变形成凸缘50Aa。金属元件70被凸缘50Aa和第一纤维增强的树脂模制体40A夹紧,以将树脂模制复合元件60A和金属元件70互相连接成连接结构体100A。
根据如图中所示的连接元件的方法,要变形的第二纤维增强的树脂模制体50A包括由短纤维增强材料形成的第二纤维增强材料80。换言之,第二纤维增强的树脂模制体50A不包括借助压力难以变形的纤维材料,如连续纤维增强材料。因此,根据本发明的第二实施方案,类似于根据本发明的第一实施方案的连接方法,加压变形变得更容易,因此有利于树脂模制复合元件60A和金属元件70之间的连接作业。
这种连接法不需要连接件,如粘合剂、螺栓、螺丝和自冲铆钉。因此,可以提高连接作业的效率以及实现制造成本的降低。此外,要插过金属元件70的通孔70a并变形的第二纤维增强的树脂模制体50A包括纤维增强材料(第二纤维增强材料80),因此与连接结构体100的连接强度相比进一步增强连接结构体100A的连接强度。
如上所述,已经参考附图详细描述了本发明的实施方案,但具体构造不限于上述实施方案。即使在不脱离本发明的范围的情况下存在设计变动等,这些设计变动也包括在本发明内。

Claims (2)

1.一种连接元件的方法,所述方法的特征在于包括:
制备包括上模和下模的模具,由两者形成模腔,上模或下模的模腔表面具有凹槽,且所述模腔表面面向模腔;
将由连续纤维增强材料或长纤维增强材料形成的纤维增强材料置于模腔中,用热塑性树脂填充所述模腔和所述凹槽,并固化所述热塑性树脂以产生包括纤维增强的树脂模制体和树脂模制体的树脂模制复合元件,所述纤维增强的树脂模制体由所述纤维增强材料和所述热塑性树脂形成,所述树脂模制体与所述纤维增强的树脂模制体合为一体,且所述树脂模制体不包括纤维增强材料;和
将所述树脂模制体插过预定元件的通孔,并借助压力使所述树脂模制体变形以使预定元件被所述纤维增强的树脂模制体和所述树脂模制体夹紧并由此连接所述树脂模制复合元件和所述预定元件。
2.一种连接元件的方法,所述方法的特征在于包括:
制备包括上模和下模的模具,由两者形成模腔,上模或下模的模腔表面具有凹槽,且所述模腔表面面向模腔;
将由连续纤维增强材料或长纤维增强材料形成的第一纤维增强材料置于模腔中,将由短纤维增强材料形成的第二纤维增强材料置于所述凹槽中,用热塑性树脂填充所述模腔和所述凹槽,并固化所述热塑性树脂以产生包括第一纤维增强的树脂模制体和第二纤维增强的树脂模制体的树脂模制复合元件,第一纤维增强的树脂模制体由第一纤维增强材料和所述热塑性树脂形成,第二纤维增强的树脂模制体与第一纤维增强的树脂模制体合为一体,且第二纤维增强的树脂模制体由第二纤维增强材料和所述热塑性树脂形成;和
将第二纤维增强的树脂模制体插过预定元件的通孔,并借助压力使第二纤维增强的树脂模制体变形以使预定元件被第一纤维增强的树脂模制体和第二纤维增强的树脂模制体夹紧并由此连接所述树脂模制复合元件和所述预定元件。
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