CN110696926A - 一种碳纤维复合材料的氢能汽车a柱结构及其制造方法 - Google Patents

一种碳纤维复合材料的氢能汽车a柱结构及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN110696926A
CN110696926A CN201911017615.4A CN201911017615A CN110696926A CN 110696926 A CN110696926 A CN 110696926A CN 201911017615 A CN201911017615 A CN 201911017615A CN 110696926 A CN110696926 A CN 110696926A
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张玺
郝义国
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Wuhan Grove Hydrogen Automobile Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62DMOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D25/00Superstructure or monocoque structure sub-units; Parts or details thereof not otherwise provided for
    • B62D25/04Door pillars ; windshield pillars
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/40Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
    • B29C70/42Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C70/44Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using isostatic pressure, e.g. pressure difference-moulding, vacuum bag-moulding, autoclave-moulding or expanding rubber-moulding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/40Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
    • B29C70/42Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C70/46Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/40Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
    • B29C70/42Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C70/46Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs
    • B29C70/48Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs and impregnating the reinforcements in the closed mould, e.g. resin transfer moulding [RTM], e.g. by vacuum
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/68Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks
    • B29C70/681Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C70/683Pretreatment of the preformed part, e.g. insert
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/68Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks
    • B29C70/70Completely encapsulating inserts

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Abstract

本发明公开一种碳纤维复合材料的氢能汽车A柱结构及其制造方法,其中,碳纤维复合材料的氢能汽车A柱结构包括空心加强梁、侧围外板和侧围内板,空心加强梁、侧围外板和侧围内板均采用碳纤维复合材料制作,所述空心加强梁在周向仅有一个粘合翻边,所述侧围内板与空心加强梁通过共固化方式连接装配,所述侧围外板与空心加强梁和侧围内板均通过结构胶粘接,使所述侧围外板与所述侧围内板相向包覆空心加强梁。本发明的优点在于,在满足A柱区域加强的情况下,通过特殊的设计以及制造方法,确保空心加强梁在承受沿管梁长度方向的压力时,其断面不易开胶,从而避免产生结构失效的问题,并且以成熟制造技术能够实现,在一定程度上降低了制造和装配成本。

Description

一种碳纤维复合材料的氢能汽车A柱结构及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及氢能汽车车身结构技术领域,尤其涉及一种碳纤维复合材料的氢能汽车A柱结构及其制造方法。
背景技术
将碳纤维复合材料应用于汽车车身结构,可以大幅度降低车身重量,但碳纤维复合材料与金属存在截然不同材料和工艺成型特性,因此,对于碳纤维车身设计,不能和金属结构一样,否则会造成工艺难度大、制造成本高、无法最大限度发挥碳纤维自身优势等问题。侧围总成在A柱区域如何加强,是设计全碳纤维车身的难点之一,市场上,部分现有车型采用碳纤维3D编织梁实现加强,但该技术存在成本高、生产效率低的问题,而部分现有车型通过金属液压管实现加强,但该技术存在热膨胀系数差异的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对已有的技术现状,提供一种碳纤维复合材料的氢能汽车A柱结构及其制造方法,在满足A柱区域加强的情况下,通过特殊的设计以及制造方法,确保空心加强梁在承受沿管梁长度方向的压力时,其断面不易开胶,从而避免产生结构失效的问题,并且以成熟制造技术能够实现,在一定程度上降低了制造和装配成本。
为达到上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种碳纤维复合材料的氢能汽车A柱结构,包括空心加强梁、侧围外板和侧围内板,空心加强梁、侧围外板和侧围内板均采用碳纤维复合材料制作,所述空心加强梁在周向仅有一个粘合翻边,所述侧围内板与空心加强梁通过共固化方式连接装配,所述侧围外板与空心加强梁和侧围内板均通过结构胶粘接,使所述侧围外板与所述侧围内板相向包覆空心加强梁。
进一步的,所述空心加强梁采用预浸料加压带压工艺或RTM工艺成型。
进一步的,所述侧围外板和侧围内板均采用预浸料热压罐工艺或RTM工艺成型。
进一步的,所述空心加强梁与侧围内板之间的空隙通过纤维原料填充。
一种碳纤维复合材料的氢能汽车A柱结构的制造方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、预制空心加强梁:
S1.1、纤维原料从自动下料机下料后,在平板上进行铺覆;
S1.2、将平板上完成铺覆的纤维原料叠层,使其两头重叠,在重叠前预先放入真空袋;
S1.3、将两头重叠区域通过纤维进行缝合,完成空心加强梁预成型体的制作;
S1.4、将空心加强梁预成型体放入模具中加压成型;
S2、侧围内板制作与连接:纤维原料从自动下料机下料后,放入侧围内板的成型模具中,同时放入步骤S1.4中已成型的空心加强梁,并在空心加强梁与未成型的侧围内板之间的空隙中填充纤维原料,加压使侧围内板成型且侧围内板与空心加强梁共固化粘接;
S3、侧围外板制作与连接:纤维原料从自动下料机下料后,放入侧围外板成型模具中,使侧围外板成型,通过结构胶将已成型的侧围外板与步骤S2中已成型的空心加强梁-侧围内板粘接,完成制造。
进一步的,步骤S1.1中,沿空心加强梁长度方向的纤维原料铺层不小于垂直空心加强梁长度方向的纤维原料铺层。
进一步的,步骤S1.1中,沿空心加强梁长度方向的纤维原料连续。
本发明的有益效果为:
本发明的优点在于,按照预制空心加强梁-侧围内板制作与连接-侧围外板制作与连接的工艺流程实现该碳纤维复合材料的氢能汽车A柱结构的生产制造,在满足A柱区域加强的情况下,通过特殊的设计以及制造方法,确保空心加强梁在承受沿管梁长度方向的压力时,其断面不易开胶,从而避免产生结构失效的问题,并且以成熟制造技术能够实现,在一定程度上降低了制造和装配成本。
附图说明
附图1为本发明A柱结构的截面图;
附图2为本发明空心加强梁模压示意图;
附图3为本发明空心加强梁的立体图;
附图4为本发明空心加强梁预成型体的截面图。
标注说明:1、侧围外板,2、侧围内板,3、空心加强梁,4、填充区域,5、结构胶胶层,6、上模,7、下模,8、真空袋,9、真空袋。
具体实施方式
请参阅图1、3、4所示,一种碳纤维复合材料的氢能汽车A柱结构,包括空心加强梁3、侧围外板1和侧围内板2,空心加强梁3、侧围外板1和侧围内板2均采用碳纤维复合材料制作,所述空心加强梁3在周向仅有一个粘合翻边,所述侧围内板2与空心加强梁3通过共固化方式连接装配,以确保空心加强梁3与侧围内板2之间粘接可靠,也减少了装配工作量,所述侧围外板1与空心加强梁3和侧围内板2均通过结构胶粘接,使所述侧围外板1与所述侧围内板2相向包覆空心加强梁3,从而实现侧围总成的加强。
所述空心加强梁3采用预浸料加压带压工艺或RTM工艺成型。所述侧围外板1和侧围内板2均采用预浸料热压罐工艺或RTM工艺成型。预浸料加压带压工艺和预浸料热压罐工艺所使用的纤维原料为预浸料,RTM工艺成型所使用的纤维原料为干纤维布。
所述空心加强梁3与侧围内板2之间的空隙通过纤维原料填充,且所填充的纤维原料沿空心加强梁3管腔的0°方向。填充区域4为两处。填充后,结构胶胶层5在空心加强梁3与侧围内板2之间的空隙处具有贴附面。
请参阅图2、3、4所示,上述碳纤维复合材料的氢能汽车A柱结构的制造方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、预制空心加强梁3:
S1.1、纤维原料从自动下料机下料后,在平板上进行铺覆;
S1.2、将平板上完成铺覆的纤维原料叠层,使其两头重叠,在重叠前预先放入真空袋8;
S1.3、将两头重叠区域通过纤维进行缝合,完成空心加强梁3预成型体的制作,考虑到空心加强梁3可能存在变截面,因此缝合区域需根据空心加强梁3局部截面大小进行必要调整,通过纤维进行缝合后,可以防止空心加强梁3在受到弯曲载荷时开胶;
S1.4、将空心加强梁3预成型体放入模具中加压成型,具体的,采用预浸料加压带压工艺时,上模6与下模7对模将空心加强梁3预成型体的缝合区域9模压成型,上模6与下模7对模完成后,通过预先放入的真空袋8加压,采用RTM工艺成型时,上模6与下模7对模完成后,先给真空袋9一定压力,使得空心加强梁3预成型体与模具面贴合,再注入树脂,树脂注入完成之后,再给真空袋9施加固化所需压力;
S2、侧围内板2制作与连接:纤维原料从自动下料机下料后,放入侧围内板2的成型模具中,同时放入步骤S1.4中已成型的空心加强梁3,并在空心加强梁3与未成型的侧围内板2之间的空隙中填充纤维原料,加压使侧围内板2成型且侧围内板2与空心加强梁3共固化粘接;
S3、侧围外板1制作与连接:纤维原料从自动下料机下料后,放入侧围外板1成型模具中,使侧围外板1成型,通过结构胶将已成型的侧围外板1与步骤S2中已成型的空心加强梁3-侧围内板2粘接,完成制造。
铺覆纤维原料时,沿空心加强梁3长度方向的纤维原料铺层不小于垂直空心加强梁3长度方向的纤维原料铺层,也就是说,沿空心加强梁3长度方向的纤维原料铺层占多数,而且沿空心加强梁3长度方向的纤维原料连续,以保证空心加强梁3的力学性能。铺覆时,不考虑零件的曲率。
当然,以上仅为本发明较佳实施方式,并非以此限定本发明的使用范围,故,凡是在本发明原理上做等效改变均应包含在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (7)

1.一种碳纤维复合材料的氢能汽车A柱结构,其特征在于:包括空心加强梁、侧围外板和侧围内板,空心加强梁、侧围外板和侧围内板均采用碳纤维复合材料制作,所述空心加强梁在周向仅有一个粘合翻边,所述侧围内板与空心加强梁通过共固化方式连接装配,所述侧围外板与空心加强梁和侧围内板均通过结构胶粘接,使所述侧围外板与所述侧围内板相向包覆空心加强梁。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种碳纤维复合材料的氢能汽车A柱结构,其特征在于:所述空心加强梁采用预浸料加压带压工艺或RTM工艺成型。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种碳纤维复合材料的氢能汽车A柱结构,其特征在于:所述侧围外板和侧围内板均采用预浸料热压罐工艺或RTM工艺成型。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种碳纤维复合材料的氢能汽车A柱结构,其特征在于:所述空心加强梁与侧围内板之间的空隙通过纤维原料填充。
5.如权利要求4所述的一种碳纤维复合材料的氢能汽车A柱结构的制造方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
S1、预制空心加强梁:
S1.1、纤维原料从自动下料机下料后,在平板上进行铺覆;
S1.2、将平板上完成铺覆的纤维原料叠层,使其两头重叠,在重叠前预先放入真空袋;
S1.3、将两头重叠区域通过纤维进行缝合,完成空心加强梁预成型体的制作;
S1.4、将空心加强梁预成型体放入模具中加压成型;
S2、侧围内板制作与连接:纤维原料从自动下料机下料后,放入侧围内板的成型模具中,同时放入步骤S1.4中已成型的空心加强梁,并在空心加强梁与未成型的侧围内板之间的空隙中填充纤维原料,加压使侧围内板成型且侧围内板与空心加强梁共固化粘接;
S3、侧围外板制作与连接:纤维原料从自动下料机下料后,放入侧围外板成型模具中,使侧围外板成型,通过结构胶将已成型的侧围外板与步骤S2中已成型的空心加强梁-侧围内板粘接,完成制造。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种碳纤维复合材料的氢能汽车A柱结构的制造方法,其特征在于:步骤S1.1中,沿空心加强梁长度方向的纤维原料铺层不小于垂直空心加强梁长度方向的纤维原料铺层。
7.根据权利要求5所述的一种碳纤维复合材料的氢能汽车A柱结构的制造方法,其特征在于:步骤S1.1中,沿空心加强梁长度方向的纤维原料连续。
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