CN105522401B - 具有红外检测单元的仪表机床 - Google Patents

具有红外检测单元的仪表机床 Download PDF

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CN105522401B
CN105522401B CN201610048681.8A CN201610048681A CN105522401B CN 105522401 B CN105522401 B CN 105522401B CN 201610048681 A CN201610048681 A CN 201610048681A CN 105522401 B CN105522401 B CN 105522401B
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李亦琴
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Lin Zongsheng
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Anhui Raw Grass Energy Conservation And Environmental Protection Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供一种具有红外检测单元的仪表机床，包括工件夹持机构和刀具夹持机构，刀具夹持机构两侧设置红外发射器和红外接收器；刀具夹持机构包括定位轴，定位轴上套装有刀具盘，刀具盘开有至少两道刀具活动槽，刀具穿设在刀具活动槽内；刀具活动槽内具有刀具推举机构，刀具推举机构设置有刀具锁定/自动解锁机构，刀具活动槽内具有刀具复位机构，刀具推举机构具有滑移导轨机构及推举滑移驱动机构；定位轴上设有刀具捕捉机构。本发明有益效果：通过红外线自动检测刀具是否到位，省时省力；多组刀具内隐设置在刀具盘内，使用安全，用于换刀的各动作机构设置合理，换刀动作稳定顺畅。

Description

具有红外检测单元的仪表机床
技术领域
本发明涉及机械加工领域，具体是指一种具有红外检测单元的仪表机床。
背景技术
现有的具有红外检测单元的仪表机床一般包括工件夹持机构和刀具夹持机构，工件夹持机构设置有进给驱动机构，刀具夹持机构设置有位移驱动机构。现有技术存在的问题有：需要手工确定刀具是否到位，加工一致性难以保证；通常一次只能夹持一种形状的刀具进行加工，进行形状较为复杂的机械加工时需要反复手动更换刀具，费时费力；目前市场上也出现了部分了带有多种刀具的具有红外检测单元的仪表机床，但是其刀具相对刀盘外露，对设备本身及操作人员均存在安全风险；另外，现有的数控车床或者根本没有冷却机构或者冷却机构设置不合理，容易导致工件过热报废；再则，现有数控车床通常对切削屑不做处理，容易因切削屑飞溅进入各功能部件接缝位置导致设备故障，存在很大安全隐患。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术存在的上述问题，提供一种具有红外检测单元的仪表机床。
本发明的发明目的通过以下方案实现：。
具有红外检测单元的仪表机床，包括工件夹持机构和刀具夹持机构，工件夹持机构设置有进给驱动机构，刀具夹持机构设置有位移驱动机构，刀具夹持机构加工初始位置两侧设置有红外发射器和红外接收器，红外发射器和红外接收器均与一控制器连接，控制器输出端连接有用于在刀具到位后红外线未被遮蔽时发出报警信号的报警装置，红外发射器和红外接收器至少其中之一设置有角度/位置调节机构；刀具夹持机构包括定位轴，定位轴上套装有刀具盘，刀具盘开有至少两道刀具活动槽，刀具沿刀具盘轴向穿设在刀具活动槽内；定位轴位于刀具盘中心位置，刀具活动槽一端延伸至定位轴另一端向刀具盘外缘径向延伸，刀具活动槽内具有用于将刀具从远离定位轴一端朝向定位轴推动的刀具推举机构，刀具推举机构设置有刀具锁定/自动解锁机构，刀具活动槽内具有用于将刀具拉动贴近刀具活动槽靠近刀具盘外缘一端的刀具复位机构，刀具推举机构具有沿刀具盘轴向设置的滑移导轨机构以及用于驱动刀具推举机构沿刀具盘轴向位移的推举滑移驱动机构；定位轴上设置有在刀具被推举至与定位轴同轴时自动吸合刀具并锁定的刀具捕捉机构。
进一步地，刀具包括整体呈圆柱状的刀杆和可拆式固定设置在刀杆前端的刀头，刀具推举机构包括推举板、推举杆和推举驱动机构，推举板呈刹瓦状，推举板内侧表面与刀杆外壁贴合适配，推举板外侧表面中央位置固定连接推举杆，推举驱动机构包括气源、气缸及电控装置，推举杆气密闭地套装在气缸内；推举板内侧表面弧长为0.4～0.8π，刀具锁定/自动解锁机构包括设置在推举板上的一对锁紧卡指以及控制两锁紧卡指聚拢/张开的控制单元，推举板内侧表面开有滑道，锁紧卡指滑动设置在滑道内，推举板滑道内设置有分别对应两卡指张开和聚拢极限位置的限位部，刀杆上开有供锁紧卡指卡入的锁定槽。
进一步地，定位轴前端开有供刀杆插入的定位孔，定位轴上的刀具捕捉机构包括同轴检测单元、电磁吸合单元和锁定单元；同轴检测单元包括设置在刀杆尾端的标记位和位于定位轴定位孔内的红外探测仪，电磁吸合单元包括电磁铁，电磁铁连接有当红外探测仪检测到刀杆标记位时控制电磁铁将刀杆吸合的控制器，锁定单元包括定位轴定位孔内侧壁上的弹性钢珠以及设置在刀杆上用于与弹性钢珠接触锁定的凹坑。
进一步地，刀具盘刀具活动槽内的刀具复位机构包括固定设置在刀具活动槽靠近刀具盘外缘一端用于吸附刀具的永磁体，永磁体朝向刀具一侧形状与刀杆外侧壁的圆柱面形状适配，永磁体长度与刀杆长度适配，永磁体整体成型或由多段永磁体单元拼接形成。
进一步地，滑移导轨机构包括气缸底部的燕尾槽和固定设置在刀具盘内的燕尾滑轨，刀具盘内还设置有丝杠、驱动电机、控制器、以及气缸限位机构。
进一步地，刀具盘上还设置有冷却液喷注机构，冷却液喷注机构包括喷嘴、计量泵和冷却液盛装单元，喷嘴前端朝向刀具固定在定位轴上时的端部位置；冷却液喷注机构设置在刀具盘朝向工件夹持机构的端面上且位于在相邻刀具活动槽之间。
进一步地，刀具盘上方设置有用于防止切削屑和冷却液飞溅的挡罩，挡罩内表面设置有用于防止切削屑划伤的高强度航空铝合金层以及防止冷却液腐蚀的特氟龙不沾涂层。
进一步地，刀具盘下方还设置有切削屑收集机构，切削屑收集机构包括开口呈喇叭状的收集器以及用于将切削屑吸入收集器内的负压引风机构。
进一步地，刀具盘开有4道刀具活动槽，各相邻刀具活动槽呈90°夹角等距间隔排列，机床还设置有一次仅允许一组刀具推举机构运动的互锁控制单元。
进一步地，冷却液喷注机构对应设置四组，喷嘴由柔性管开口端形成，柔性管由若干圆台状关节依次液密闭地活动连接形成，柔性管尾端还设置有喷嘴角度调节机构，喷嘴尾端铰接设置在计量泵上，铰接部设置有用于驱动旋转的步进电机以及用于旋转极限位置限位的角度调节限位机构。
本发明有益效果在于：通过红外线自动检测刀具是否到位，省时省力；多组刀具内隐设置在刀具盘内，使用安全，用于换刀的各动作机构设置合理，换刀动作稳定顺畅；设置冷却液喷注机构，有效冷却切削工位；设置切削屑收集机构，防止飞溅，提高设备工作安全性，有效延长使用寿命。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例和附图对本发明作进一步说明：
参照附图1所示，本发明的具有红外检测单元的仪表机床，包括工件夹持机构和刀具夹持机构，工件夹持机构设置有进给驱动机构，刀具夹持机构设置有位移驱动机 构，刀具夹持机构加工初始位置两侧设置有红外发射器11和红外接收器12，红外发 射器11和红外接收器12均与一控制器连接，控制器连接有用于在刀具到位后红外线 未被遮蔽时发出报警信号的报警装置，红外发射器11和红外接收器12至少其中之一 设置有角度/位置调节机构；刀具夹持机构包括定位轴1，定位轴1上套装有刀具盘2， 刀具盘2开有至少两道刀具活动槽，刀具4沿刀具盘轴向穿设在刀具活动槽内；定位 轴1位于刀具盘2中心位置，刀具活动槽一端延伸至定位轴另一端向刀具盘外缘径向 延伸，刀具活动槽内具有用于将刀具从远离定位轴一端朝向定位轴推动的刀具推举机 构5，刀具推举机构5设置有刀具锁定/自动解锁机构，刀具活动槽内具有用于将刀具 拉动贴近刀具活动槽靠近刀具盘外缘一端的刀具复位机构，刀具推举机构5具有沿刀 具盘轴向设置的滑移导轨机构6以及用于驱动刀具推举机构沿刀具盘轴向位移的推举 滑移驱动机构；定位轴1上设置有在刀具4被推举至与定位轴1同轴时自动吸合刀具 并锁定的刀具捕捉机构。
刀具4包括整体呈圆柱状的刀杆和可拆式固定设置在刀杆前端的刀头，刀具推举机构5包括推举板51、推举杆52和推举驱动机构，推举板51呈刹瓦状，推举板51 内侧表面与刀杆外壁贴合适配，推举板51外侧表面中央位置固定连接推举杆52，推举驱动机构包括气源、气缸53及电控装置，推举杆52气密闭地套装在气缸53内；推举板51内侧表面弧长为0.4～0.8π，刀具锁定/自动解锁机构包括设置在推举板上的一对锁紧卡指以及控制两锁紧卡指聚拢/张开的控制单元，推举板内侧表面开有滑道，锁紧卡指滑动设置在滑道内，推举板51滑道内设置有分别对应两卡指张开和聚拢极限位置的限位部，刀杆上开有供锁紧卡指卡入的锁定槽。
定位轴1前端开有供刀杆插入的定位孔，定位轴1上的刀具捕捉机构包括同轴检测单元、电磁吸合单元和锁定单元；同轴检测单元包括设置在刀杆尾端的标记位和位于定位轴定位孔内的红外探测仪，电磁吸合单元包括电磁铁，电磁铁连接有当红外探测仪检测到刀杆标记位时控制电磁铁将刀杆吸合的控制器，锁定单元包括定位轴定位孔内侧壁上的弹性钢珠以及设置在刀杆上用于与弹性钢珠接触锁定的凹坑。
刀具盘刀具活动槽内的刀具复位机构包括固定设置在刀具活动槽靠近刀具盘外缘一端用于吸附刀具的永磁体，永磁体朝向刀具一侧形状与刀杆外侧壁的圆柱面形状适配，永磁体长度与刀杆长度适配，永磁体整体成型或由多段永磁体单元拼接形成。
滑移导轨机构6包括气缸53底部的燕尾槽和固定设置在刀具盘内的燕尾滑轨，刀具盘2内还设置有丝杠、驱动电机、控制器、以及气缸限位机构。
刀具盘2上还设置有冷却液喷注机构7，冷却液喷注机构包括喷嘴、计量泵和冷却液盛装单元，喷嘴前端朝向刀具固定在定位轴上时的端部位置；冷却液喷注机构设置在刀具盘朝向工件夹持机构的端面上且位于在相邻刀具活动槽之间。
刀具盘2上方设置有用于防止切削屑和冷却液飞溅的挡罩8，挡罩8内表面设置有用于防止切削屑划伤的高强度航空铝合金层以及防止冷却液腐蚀的特氟龙不沾涂层。
刀具盘2下方还设置有切削屑收集机构9，切削屑收集机构9包括开口呈喇叭状的收集器以及用于将切削屑吸入收集器内的负压引风机构。
本实施例中刀具盘2开有4道刀具活动槽，各相邻刀具活动槽呈90°夹角等距间隔排列，机床还设置有一次仅允许一组刀具推举机构运动的互锁控制单元。
冷却液喷注机构7对应设置四组，喷嘴由柔性管开口端形成，柔性管由若干圆台状关节依次液密闭地活动连接形成，柔性管尾端还设置有喷嘴角度调节机构，喷嘴尾端铰接设置在计量泵上，铰接部设置有用于驱动旋转的步进电机以及用于旋转极限位置限位的角度调节限位机构。
虽然本发明已通过参考优选的实施例进行了图示和描述，但是，本领域普通技术人员应当了解，可以不限于上述实施例的描述，在权利要求书的范围内，可作出形式和细节上的各种变化。

Claims (10)

1.具有红外检测单元的仪表机床，包括工件夹持机构和刀具夹持机构，工件夹持机构设置有进给驱动机构，刀具夹持机构设置有位移驱动机构，其特征在于：刀具夹持机构加工初始位置两侧设置有红外发射器和红外接收器，红外发射器和红外接收器均与一控制器连接，控制器输出端连接有用于在刀具到位后红外线未被遮蔽时发出报警信号的报警装置，红外发射器和红外接收器至少其中之一设置有角度/位置调节机构；刀具夹持机构包括定位轴，定位轴上套装有刀具盘，刀具盘开有至少两道刀具活动槽，刀具沿刀具盘轴向穿设在刀具活动槽内；定位轴位于刀具盘中心位置，刀具活动槽一端延伸至定位轴另一端向刀具盘外缘径向延伸，刀具活动槽内具有用于将刀具从远离定位轴一端朝向定位轴推动的刀具推举机构，刀具推举机构设置有刀具锁定/自动解锁机构，刀具活动槽内具有用于将刀具拉动贴近刀具活动槽靠近刀具盘外缘一端的刀具复位机构，刀具推举机构具有沿刀具盘轴向设置的滑移导轨机构以及用于驱动刀具推举机构沿刀具盘轴向位移的推举滑移驱动机构；定位轴上设置有在刀具被推举至与定位轴同轴时自动吸合刀具并锁定的刀具捕捉机构。
2.根据权利要求1所述的具有红外检测单元的仪表机床，其特征在于：刀具包括整体呈圆柱状的刀杆和可拆式固定设置在刀杆前端的刀头，刀具推举机构包括推举板、推举杆和推举驱动机构，推举板呈刹瓦状，推举板内侧表面与刀杆外壁贴合适配，推举板外侧表面中央位置固定连接推举杆，推举驱动机构包括气源、气缸及电控装置，推举杆气密闭地套装在气缸内；推举板内侧表面弧长为0.4～0.8π，刀具锁定/自动解锁机构包括设置在推举板上的一对锁紧卡指以及控制两锁紧卡指聚拢/张开的控制单元，推举板内侧表面开有滑道，锁紧卡指滑动设置在滑道内，推举板滑道内设置有分别对应两卡指张开和聚拢极限位置的限位部，刀杆上开有供锁紧卡指卡入的锁定槽。
3.根据权利要求2所述的具有红外检测单元的仪表机床，其特征在于：定位轴前端开有供刀杆插入的定位孔，定位轴上的刀具捕捉机构包括同轴检测单元、电磁吸合单元和锁定单元；同轴检测单元包括设置在刀杆尾端的标记位和位于定位轴定位孔内的红外探测仪，电磁吸合单元包括电磁铁，电磁铁连接有当红外探测仪检测到刀杆标记位时控制电磁铁将刀杆吸合的控制器，锁定单元包括定位轴定位孔内侧壁上的弹性钢珠以及设置在刀杆上用于与弹性钢珠接触锁定的凹坑。
4.根据权利要求2所述的具有红外检测单元的仪表机床，其特征在于：刀具盘刀具活动槽内的刀具复位机构包括固定设置在刀具活动槽靠近刀具盘外缘一端用于吸附刀具的永磁体，永磁体朝向刀具一侧形状与刀杆外侧壁的圆柱面形状适配，永磁体长度与刀杆长度适配，永磁体整体成型或由多段永磁体单元拼接形成。
5.根据权利要求2所述的具有红外检测单元的仪表机床，其特征在于：滑移导轨机构包括气缸底部的燕尾槽和固定设置在刀具盘内的燕尾滑轨，刀具盘内还设置有丝杠、驱动电机、控制器、以及气缸限位机构。
6.根据权利要求1所述的具有红外检测单元的仪表机床，其特征在于：刀具盘上还设置有冷却液喷注机构，冷却液喷注机构包括喷嘴、计量泵和冷却液盛装单元，喷嘴前端朝向刀具固定在定位轴上时的端部位置；冷却液喷注机构设置在刀具盘朝向工件夹持机构的端面上且位于在相邻刀具活动槽之间。
7.根据权利要求6所述的具有红外检测单元的仪表机床，其特征在于：刀具盘上方设置有用于防止切削屑和冷却液飞溅的挡罩，挡罩内表面设置有用于防止切削屑划伤的高强度航空铝合金层以及防止冷却液腐蚀的特氟龙不沾涂层。
8.根据权利要求6所述的具有红外检测单元的仪表机床，其特征在于：刀具盘下方还设置有切削屑收集机构，切削屑收集机构包括开口呈喇叭状的收集器以及用于将切削屑吸入收集器内的负压引风机构。
9.根据权利要求6所述的具有红外检测单元的仪表机床，其特征在于：刀具盘开有4道刀具活动槽，各相邻刀具活动槽呈90°夹角等距间隔排列，机床还设置有一次仅允许一组刀具推举机构运动的互锁控制单元。
10.根据权利要求9所述的具有红外检测单元的仪表机床，其特征在于：冷却液喷注机构对应设置四组，喷嘴由柔性管开口端形成，柔性管由若干圆台状关节依次液密闭地活动连接形成，柔性管尾端还设置有喷嘴角度调节机构，喷嘴尾端铰接设置在计量泵上，铰接部设置有用于驱动旋转的步进电机以及用于旋转极限位置限位的角度调节限位机构。
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