CN105510836B - A kind of lithium ion battery self discharge test method and its battery grouping method - Google Patents

A kind of lithium ion battery self discharge test method and its battery grouping method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105510836B
CN105510836B CN201510915256.XA CN201510915256A CN105510836B CN 105510836 B CN105510836 B CN 105510836B CN 201510915256 A CN201510915256 A CN 201510915256A CN 105510836 B CN105510836 B CN 105510836B
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battery
lithium ion
ion battery
discharge
self
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CN105510836A (en
Inventor
罗英
冯毅
吕桃林
刘怡
刘辉
解晶莹
晏莉琴
张熠霄
樊晓松
杨照军
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Shanghai Power Storage Battery Systems Engineering Technology Co., Ltd.
Shanghai Institute of Space Power Sources
Shanghai Advanced Traction Battery Systems Co Ltd
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SHANGHAI POWER STORAGE BATTERY SYSTEMS ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
Shanghai Institute of Space Power Sources
Shanghai Advanced Traction Battery Systems Co Ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/385Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4207Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4221Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells with battery type recognition
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

A kind of lithium ion battery self discharge test method and its battery grouping method, it make use of electrode material smaller feature of lithium ion diffusion coefficient in discharge platform region, the SOC of battery is detected by short-time pulse discharge test, so as to calculate the self-discharge rate of battery, and it is accurate, reliably sub-elect the consistent battery of self-discharge performance, effectively pairing is carried out to it and forms battery pack, it ensure that the whole service life of battery pack, there is important practice significance to detection power energy storage lithium ion battery system self discharge ability.

Description

A kind of lithium ion battery self discharge test method and its battery grouping method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of lithium ion battery self discharge test method and its battery grouping methods.
Background technology
Lithium ion battery is a kind of energy being most widely used at present.It has light-weight, capacity height, environmentally protective, The advantages of self discharge is small is widely used in mobile phone, portable digital product, the fields such as electric car, energy-storage system.
During shelving, lithium ion battery can generate self-discharge phenomenon, cause the loss of remaining capacity.Domestic common Lithium ion battery at normal temperatures the moon self-discharge rate usually 3%~5% or so.Battery self discharge rate is weigh battery life one The important variable of kind.Although the self-discharge rate of lithium ion battery is relatively low compared with other kinds of battery, due to present Lithium ion battery increasingly develops direction to polygamy.In battery group technology, due to the presence of self-discharge of battery phenomenon, lead Battery life is caused there was only 30% ~ 50% or so of the single battery service life, improves battery sorting technology, group technology and battery Balancing technique, these are dependent on the quick measurement of self-discharge of battery degree and sorting and automobile-used, energy storage lithium ion battery Group technology is badly in need of the key issue solved.
At present, the method for routinely selecting the lithium ion battery of self discharge uniformity is Static Electro platen press.It is to pass through test The open circuit potential of front and rear battery is shelved, so as to calculate the open-circuit voltage attenuation rate of battery, attenuation rate using open-circuit voltage is as choosing Select the foundation of self-discharge of battery degree.But since although some battery self discharges are big, voltage is remained unchanged or become for a long time Change LiFePO4/graphite, LiFePO4/lithium titanate, nickel ion doped/stone very small, such as that there is more steady charge and discharge platform The battery systems such as ink, nickel ion doped/lithium titanate, so as to judge self-discharge of battery degree by its voltage.Therefore need A kind of efficient self discharge detection method is developed to distinguish the self discharge degree of this kind of battery.
The content of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of lithium ion battery self discharge test method and its battery grouping method, can accurately select Go out the lithium ion battery of self discharge exception, and can accurately and reliably sub-elect the consistent battery of self-discharge performance, it is carried out Effectively pairing forms battery pack, ensure that the whole service life of battery pack.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a kind of lithium ion battery self discharge test method, comprises the steps of:
Step S1, lithium ion battery to be measured is placed at room temperature, be then discharged to the lithium ion battery to be measured pre- If state-of-charge SOC;
Step S2, the lithium ion battery to be measured after electric discharge is placed into preset time under preset temperature, then to lithium to be measured Ion battery carries out pulsed discharge, the moment rebound current potential of lithium ion battery to be measured after measurement pulsed discharge;
Step S3, the moment rebound current potential of lithium ion battery to be measured and moment of the default battery in full SOC sections are rebounded Current potential is compareed, by moment rebound current potential value determine lithium ion battery to be measured shelve after SOC, after shelving The mathematic interpolation of SOC and default state-of-charge SOC goes out the self-discharge rate of battery.
The lithium ion battery is the lithium ion battery with relatively stable charging/discharging voltage platform, includes ferric phosphate One or more of lithium/graphite, LiFePO4/lithium titanate, nickel ion doped/graphite, nickel ion doped/lithium titanate.
The default state-of-charge SOC scopes are 20% ~ 85%.
The placement preset temperature range is 20 DEG C ~ 80 DEG C, when preset time is 1 small ~ 6 months.
The impulse discharge current is greater than or equal to 1C, and pulse discharge time is 5s ~ 60s.
The present invention also provides a kind of battery grouping methods based on lithium ion battery self discharge test, comprise the steps of:
Step S1, multiple lithium ion batteries to be sorted and default battery are placed at room temperature, it then will be the multiple Lithium ion battery to be sorted and default battery discharge are to default state-of-charge SOC;
Step S2, under preset temperature by the multiple when the lithium ion battery sorted and default battery place default Between, the lithium ion battery of sorting is treated respectively and default battery carries out pulsed discharge, and respectively after measurement pulsed discharge Moment rebound current potential;
Step S3, the moment rebound current potential of lithium ion battery to be sorted and the moment rebound current potential of default battery are carried out Compare, will be above or sorted out equal to the lithium ion battery to be sorted of rebound of default battery moment current potential, the lithium sorted out Ion battery is the consistent battery of self-discharge performance;
Step S4, the consistent lithium ion battery of self-discharge performance is subjected to combo connection, forms Li-ion batteries piles.
The lithium ion battery is the lithium ion battery with relatively stable charging/discharging voltage platform, includes ferric phosphate One or more of lithium/graphite, LiFePO4/lithium titanate, nickel ion doped/graphite, nickel ion doped/lithium titanate.
The default state-of-charge SOC scopes are 20% ~ 85%.
The placement preset temperature range is 20 DEG C ~ 80 DEG C, when preset time is 1 small ~ 6 months.
The impulse discharge current is greater than or equal to 1C, and pulse discharge time is 5s ~ 60s.
The present invention dexterously make use of electrode material smaller feature of lithium ion diffusion coefficient in discharge platform region, lead to Pulsed discharge test detects the SOC of battery when too short, so as to calculate the self-discharge rate of battery, and accurate, reliable sorting Go out the consistent battery of self-discharge performance, effectively pairing carried out to it and forms battery pack, ensure that the whole service life of battery pack, There is important practice significance to detection power energy storage lithium ion battery system self discharge ability.
Specific embodiment
The present invention provides a kind of lithium ion battery self discharge test method, comprises the steps of:
Step S1, lithium ion battery to be measured is placed at room temperature, be then discharged to the lithium ion battery to be measured pre- If state-of-charge SOC(That is the charged depth of battery);
Step S2, the lithium ion battery to be measured after electric discharge is placed into preset time under preset temperature, then to lithium to be measured Ion battery carries out pulsed discharge, the moment rebound current potential of lithium ion battery to be measured after measurement pulsed discharge;
Step S3, the moment rebound current potential of lithium ion battery to be measured and moment of the default battery in full SOC sections are rebounded Current potential is compareed, by moment rebound current potential value determine lithium ion battery to be measured shelve after SOC, after shelving The mathematic interpolation of SOC and default state-of-charge SOC goes out the self-discharge rate of battery.
The lithium ion battery is the lithium ion battery with relatively stable charging/discharging voltage platform, includes ferric phosphate One or more of lithium/graphite, LiFePO4/lithium titanate, nickel ion doped/graphite, nickel ion doped/lithium titanate.
The default state-of-charge SOC scopes are 20% ~ 85%, i.e. the equilibrium potential of battery is in its voltage platform region It is interior.
The placement preset temperature range is 20 DEG C ~ 80 DEG C, when preset time is 1 small ~ 6 months.
The impulse discharge current is greater than or equal to 1C, and pulse discharge time is 5s ~ 60s.
The present invention also provides a kind of battery grouping methods based on lithium ion battery self discharge test, comprise the steps of:
Step S1, multiple lithium ion batteries to be sorted and default battery are placed at room temperature, it then will be the multiple Lithium ion battery to be sorted and default battery discharge are to default state-of-charge SOC;
Step S2, under preset temperature by the multiple when the lithium ion battery sorted and default battery place default Between, the lithium ion battery of sorting is treated respectively and default battery carries out pulsed discharge, and respectively after measurement pulsed discharge Moment rebound current potential;
Step S3, the moment rebound current potential of lithium ion battery to be sorted and the moment rebound current potential of default battery are carried out Compare, will be above or sorted out equal to the lithium ion battery to be sorted of rebound of default battery moment current potential, the lithium sorted out Ion battery is the consistent battery of self-discharge performance;
Step S4, the consistent lithium ion battery of self-discharge performance is subjected to combo(Such as series connection)Connection forms lithium-ion electric Pond group.
The lithium ion battery is the lithium ion battery with relatively stable charging/discharging voltage platform, includes ferric phosphate One or more of lithium/graphite, LiFePO4/lithium titanate, nickel ion doped/graphite, nickel ion doped/lithium titanate.
The default state-of-charge SOC scopes are 20% ~ 85%, i.e. the equilibrium potential of battery is in its voltage platform region It is interior.
The placement preset temperature range is 20 DEG C ~ 80 DEG C, when preset time is 1 small ~ 6 months.
The impulse discharge current is greater than or equal to 1C, and pulse discharge time is 5s ~ 60s.
The present invention is directed to the lithium-ion battery system with relatively stable charging/discharging voltage platform, and battery is in certain lotus Open-circuit voltage does not increase and significant changes with self-discharge of battery degree in the range of electricity condition, proposes that a kind of detection should so as to creative The method of Li-like ions self-discharge of battery.Lithium ion battery is with the increase of self discharge, and residual capacity is reduced, with battery The variation of SOC.Because such as LiFePO4, nickel ion doped electrode material, in latter stage Li diffusion coefficient phase of discharging initially and discharge To larger, and Li diffusion coefficients are relatively small in discharge platform region, to become solid-state diffusion process.So in the electric discharge of battery In land regions, in certain pulsed discharge, due to solid-state diffusion energy power limit, the Li concentration on material granule surface is high Concentration in granule phase, and under different SOC, the Li equilibrium concentrations of material granule body phase are different.This is resulted in arteries and veins Under the conditions of punching, Li is different to the ability of granule phase from material granule diffusion into the surface, so as to show as moment material after end-of-pulsing Expect particle surface Li concentration differences, corresponding to cell pulse discharge after moment rebound potential value.By to one after shelving The mesuring battary determined under state-of-charge carries out pulsed discharge, measures moment rebound current potential after its end-of-pulsing, pre- under different SOC If the moment rebound current potential after cell pulse discharge is compareed, mesuring battary is determined according to moment rebound potential value SOC, and then calculate the self-discharge rate of battery.And in this way, can pass through to the progress self discharge degree sorting of multiple batteries It compared with the moment rebound current potential of default battery, will will be above or equal to this by the identical battery to be sorted for shelving process The battery sorting of default battery moment rebound current potential comes out, and the battery sorted out is the consistent battery of self-discharge performance.
Lithium ion battery self discharge testing example:
LiFePO4 to be measured/graphite cell is placed at room temperature, then by the battery discharge to 50%SOC;
The battery is placed 7 days at 55 DEG C, 3C pulsed discharge 60s are then carried out to battery, measurement pulsed discharge terminates Battery moment rebound current potential is 3.1839V afterwards;
By the moment rebound current potential of LiFePO4/graphite cell to be measured of measurement and wink of the default battery in full SOC sections Between rebound current potential compareed, by moment rebound current potential value determine mesuring battary shelve after SOC for 55%, so as to calculate The self-discharge rate for going out battery is 5%.
Battery combo embodiment based on lithium ion battery self discharge test:
Multiple battery LiFePO4/graphite to be sorted and default battery are placed at room temperature, it then will be the multiple LiFePO4/graphite cell and default battery discharge are to default state-of-charge 50%SOC;
At 55 DEG C by the multiple LiFePO4/graphite cell and it is default place 7 days, then to multiple LiFePO4s/ Graphite cell and default battery difference pulsed discharge 10s measure battery moment rebound current potential after pulsed discharge;
By the moment rebound current potential of the battery to be sorted of measurement compared with the moment rebound current potential of default battery, by height In or equal to this preset battery moment rebound current potential battery sorting come out;
The consistent battery of the self-discharge performance sorted out is connected in series, forms Li-ion batteries piles.
It should be noted that the state-of-charge(SOC)Residual capacity after being shelved for a long time for battery is fully charged with it The ratio of the capacity of state, is represented with percentage, and value range is 0 ~ 1, as SOC=0, represents that battery discharges state completely, when During SOC=100%, the completely full electric state of battery is represented.
The present invention dexterously make use of electrode material smaller feature of lithium ion diffusion coefficient in discharge platform region, lead to Pulsed discharge test detects the SOC of battery when too short, so as to calculate the self-discharge rate of battery, and accurate, reliable sorting Go out the consistent battery of self-discharge performance, effectively pairing carried out to it and forms battery pack, ensure that the whole service life of battery pack, There is important practice significance to detection power energy storage lithium ion battery system self discharge ability.
Although present disclosure is discussed in detail by above preferred embodiment, but it should be appreciated that above-mentioned Description is not considered as limitation of the present invention.After those skilled in the art have read the above, for the present invention's A variety of modifications and substitutions all will be apparent.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be limited to the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of lithium ion battery self discharge test method, which is characterized in that comprise the steps of:
Step S1, lithium ion battery to be measured is placed at room temperature, the lithium ion battery to be measured is then discharged to default lotus Electricity condition SOC;
Step S2, the lithium ion battery to be measured after electric discharge is placed into preset time under preset temperature, then to lithium ion to be measured Battery carries out pulsed discharge, the moment rebound current potential of lithium ion battery to be measured after measurement pulsed discharge;
Step S3, by the moment rebound current potential of lithium ion battery to be measured and moment rebound current potential of the default battery in full SOC sections Compareed, by moment rebound current potential value determine lithium ion battery to be measured shelve after SOC, according to the SOC after shelving with The mathematic interpolation of default state-of-charge SOC goes out the self-discharge rate of battery.
2. lithium ion battery self discharge test method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the lithium ion battery is Lithium ion battery with relatively stable charging/discharging voltage platform, includes LiFePO4/graphite, LiFePO4/lithium titanate, nickel One or more of LiMn2O4/graphite, nickel ion doped/lithium titanate.
3. lithium ion battery self discharge test method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the default state-of-charge SOC scopes are 20%~85%.
4. lithium ion battery self discharge test method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the preset temperature range For 20 DEG C~80 DEG C, when preset time is 1 small~6 months.
5. lithium ion battery self discharge test method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the impulse discharge current More than or equal to 1C, pulse discharge time is 5s~60s.
6. a kind of battery grouping method based on lithium ion battery self discharge test, which is characterized in that comprise the steps of:
Step S1, multiple lithium ion batteries to be sorted and default battery are placed at room temperature, is then treated the multiple point The lithium ion battery of choosing and default battery discharge are to default state-of-charge SOC;
Step S2, the multiple lithium ion battery to be sorted and default battery are placed into preset time under preset temperature, point The lithium ion battery of sorting is not treated and default battery carries out pulsed discharge, and the moment measured respectively after pulsed discharge is anti- Play current potential;
Step S3, the moment rebound current potential of lithium ion battery to be sorted and the moment rebound current potential of default battery are compared Compared with, will be above or equal to default battery moment rebound current potential lithium ion battery to be sorted sort out, the lithium sorted out from Sub- battery is the consistent battery of self-discharge performance;
Step S4, the consistent lithium ion battery of self-discharge performance is subjected to combo connection, forms Li-ion batteries piles.
7. the battery grouping method as claimed in claim 6 based on lithium ion battery self discharge test, which is characterized in that described Lithium ion battery for the lithium ion battery with relatively stable charging/discharging voltage platform, include LiFePO4/graphite, phosphoric acid One or more of iron lithium/lithium titanate, nickel ion doped/graphite, nickel ion doped/lithium titanate.
8. the battery grouping method as claimed in claim 6 based on lithium ion battery self discharge test, which is characterized in that described Default state-of-charge SOC scopes be 20%~85%.
9. the battery grouping method as claimed in claim 6 based on lithium ion battery self discharge test, which is characterized in that described Preset temperature range for 20 DEG C~80 DEG C, preset time for 1 it is small when~6 months.
10. the battery grouping method as claimed in claim 6 based on lithium ion battery self discharge test, which is characterized in that institute The impulse discharge current stated is greater than or equal to 1C, and pulse discharge time is 5s~60s.
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CN106405424B (en) * 2016-08-19 2020-04-03 上海绿耳新能源科技有限公司 Method and device for metering residual electric quantity of lithium ion battery
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CN108387849B (en) * 2018-04-20 2023-10-31 清华大学 Method and device for rapidly detecting self-discharge of lithium ion battery
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