CN110187291B - Lithium ion battery self-discharge rapid screening device and screening method based on direct-current impedance - Google Patents

Lithium ion battery self-discharge rapid screening device and screening method based on direct-current impedance Download PDF

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CN110187291B
CN110187291B CN201910497315.4A CN201910497315A CN110187291B CN 110187291 B CN110187291 B CN 110187291B CN 201910497315 A CN201910497315 A CN 201910497315A CN 110187291 B CN110187291 B CN 110187291B
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lithium ion
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陈永胜
崔玉刚
崔维国
王茂范
李爱红
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Tianjin Pulan Nano Technology Co Ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/378Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC] specially adapted for the type of battery or accumulator
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/385Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/396Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery

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Abstract

The invention relates to a lithium ion battery self-discharge rapid screening device and a screening method based on direct current impedance. The invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with a standing method, the self-discharge screening scheme which is high in efficiency, low in investment and easy to realize is provided, the detection time is greatly shortened, the investment of manpower and equipment is saved, the production period is shortened, and the production efficiency is improved; meanwhile, through the control of the input current, the difference between a slight short circuit and a short-circuit-free battery cell can be enlarged, a single battery cell with a short-circuit hidden danger can be induced to be identified as a short-circuit battery cell, and the detection accuracy is improved.

Description

Lithium ion battery self-discharge rapid screening device and screening method based on direct-current impedance
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of battery detection, and particularly relates to a lithium ion battery self-discharge rapid screening device and a screening method based on direct-current impedance.
Background
At present, with the requirement of national policy on environmental protection and the good policy of industrial upgrading and upgrading, the lithium ion battery industry has a rapid development. Lithium ion batteries are widely used in the fields of energy storage, power automobiles and the like. In the application process, after the battery pack manufactured by the same method is combined into a battery pack, the service life of the battery pack is shorter than that of a single battery. This indicates that cell uniformity significantly affects the useful life of the battery pack. In the series-parallel connection application of the battery, the uniformity problem of the unit cells affects the efficiency and life of the battery pack, and the safety problem also affects, so the requirements for the uniformity of the unit cells constituting the battery pack should be more strict.
To ensure the consistency of the single batteries, the consistency of various initial performances of the single batteries, namely capacity, voltage and internal resistance, is ensured. However, the consistency of the self-discharge performance of the single batteries affects the whole life cycle of the subsequent use process, and the single battery core with poor self-discharge can cause the undesirable hidden troubles of water jumping, safety runaway and the like. The screening of the self-discharge is generally carried out after the testing of the capacity resistance at present, while the screening of the self-discharge is generally a static method, namely the distribution of the OCV drop or rise of the single battery cell is observed after the charging or discharging to a certain voltage, and an abnormal value is picked out, although the method of retesting the capacity is an uneconomical and inefficient method. The operation method is based on the fact that leakage current exists continuously at a self-discharge point, and therefore the constant-voltage charging time and the charging capacity are increased.
However, the standing-based method requires a period of stagnation time, and requires a secondary retest of the data of the battery cell to calculate the difference, that is, the first test data is obtained, and the situation of erroneous judgment and the corresponding situation of production often occur due to the influence of the measurement accuracy; and the screening of the charging time or capacity in the constant voltage charging stage can only screen the cells with serious abnormal self-discharge, and the identification rate of the cells with slight self-discharge is low. Patent No. CN102901931A discloses a method for screening lithium batteries with abnormal self-discharge by fully charging the lithium batteries, then placing them in parallel, and observing the net inflow and outflow of current between branches by an ammeter, but the primary factor affecting the net inflow and outflow is the difference in SOC, and the placing also takes a lot of time and investment in tooling.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a lithium ion battery self-discharge rapid screening device and a screening method based on direct current impedance.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the lithium ion battery self-discharge rapid screening device based on the direct current impedance comprises an upper busbar, a lower busbar and a Hall sensor, wherein the upper busbar and the lower busbar are respectively in contact with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of a plurality of monomer battery cores through terminals to form a parallel circuit, and the Hall sensor is arranged on the terminals between the upper busbar and the positive electrodes of the monomer battery cores.
Preferably, a plurality of cell filling positions, preferably 7-20, are provided in the lower busbar, and the upper busbar and the lower busbar are provided with the same number of cell filling positions.
Preferably, the upper bus bar and the lower bus bar are both connected with the charge and discharge machine, and the lower bus bars are one or more groups.
A lithium ion battery self-discharge rapid screening method based on direct current impedance is characterized in that a plurality of single battery cells are connected in parallel to form a parallel battery system, the parallel battery system is subjected to direct current impedance test, and the single battery cells with discrete data are screened out.
Preferably, the dc impedance test is embodied to give a current wave in a short time, and to read the distribution of the current in the different branches in the last second of the short time, respectively, wherein the short time is 1-30s and the current magnitude is 1-8C × the number of filling bits.
Preferably, the dc impedance test specifically gives a 5C current wave within 5s, and the current magnitude of each branch in 5s is read respectively.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that: compared with a standing method, the self-discharge screening scheme which is high in efficiency, low in investment and easy to realize is provided, the detection time is greatly shortened, the investment of manpower and equipment is saved, the production period is shortened, and the production efficiency is improved; meanwhile, by controlling the input current, the difference between a slightly short-circuited battery cell and a non-short-circuited battery cell can be enlarged, and a single battery cell with a short-circuit hidden danger can be induced to be identified as a short-circuit battery cell, so that the detection accuracy is improved; in addition, the method is used for comparing real-time data, and the influence of the initial data caused by the measurement precision is eliminated.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a screening apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure:
1. upper busbar 2, Hall sensor 3 and monomer battery cell
4. A lower bus bar 5, an upper terminal 6, a lower terminal
Detailed Description
An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
The scheme of the invention is to connect a plurality of single battery cores 3 in parallel to form a parallel battery system, perform direct current impedance test on the parallel battery system, specifically give a current wave in a short time, respectively read the distribution of the current after short-time pulse in different branches, and screen out the single battery cores 3 with discrete data.
In order to realize the screening method, a lithium ion battery self-discharge rapid screening device based on direct current impedance is provided, as shown in fig. 1, the device comprises an upper busbar 1, a lower busbar 4, terminals and a hall sensor 2, wherein the terminals comprise an upper terminal 5 and a lower terminal 6, the upper busbar 1 and the lower busbar 4 are respectively contacted with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of a monomer electric core 3 through the upper terminal 5 and the lower terminal 6, the hall sensor 2 is arranged between the upper busbar 1 and the positive electrode of the monomer electric core 3, and in order to place the hall sensor 2, the diameter and the length of the upper terminal 5 of the upper busbar 1 can ensure that the hall sensor 2 is installed without interference, so that the hall sensor 2 can be sleeved on the upper terminal 5 of the upper busbar 1; be equipped with in the lower busbar 4 with the trough-shaped electric core of electric core isodiametric for pack into and fix electric core, it is more accurate to set up its detection effect of a plurality of electric core packing positions, and the numerical value difference is more obvious, but its corresponding cost also can be higher, considers detection effect and detection cost comprehensively, and it is comparatively reasonable to adopt 7-20 electric core packing positions. For example, seven cell filling positions are set, seven cells can be simultaneously tested at a time, and the upper busbar 1 and the lower busbar 4 are provided with the same number of cell filling positions; in order to save the cost of the Hall sensor 2 and the current range of the charge-discharge machine, a plurality of lower busbars 4 can be manufactured to be matched with an upper busbar 1 for use; when the charging and discharging device is used, the upper bus bar 1 and the lower bus bar 4 are both connected with the charging and discharging machine, and the lower bus bars 4 form one or more groups.
According to the analysis of self-discharge and the principle of shunt among parallel resistance branches, a plurality of monomer cells are clamped and connected in parallel in a tool mode, and a parallel battery system is subjected to direct current impedance test, namely, a current wave is given in a short time, the distribution of current after short-time pulse in different branches is respectively read, and the current value of the last second in different branches in a short time is read, so that the monomer cells with discrete data are screened out, and the aim of rapidly screening the self-discharge of the monomer cells is fulfilled. Wherein the short time duration is 1-30s, and the current magnitude is 1-8C × the number of filling bits. The direct current impedance test has the best effect by integrating the experimental effect and the detection cost and adopting a mode of giving a 5C current wave within 5s and respectively reading the current of each branch circuit of the 5 s.
Example 1:
the battery cell is selected to be a 20ah ternary/lithium titanate cylindrical battery cell, the shipment state is 50% SOC, the battery cell is charged or discharged to the shipment state at the end of formation, and then the test is carried out. Installing the battery core into a battery core filling position of a lower busbar, connecting an upper busbar and the lower busbar with a charge and discharge machine of high-current charge and discharge equipment, charging the screening device for 5s by using the charge and discharge machine at a current of 2C multiplied by 7, and reading the current of the 5s, wherein the specific numerical values are shown in table 1;
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0002089059290000031
Figure BDA0002089059290000041
As can be seen from the data in table 1, the current value of the cell No. 5 is significantly higher than that of the other 6 groups, that is, the cell is a defective cell, for further verification, the cell is fully charged and then left standing at normal temperature for 1 month, and the capacity retention rate is detected as shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
Serial number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Capacity retention rate 98.6% 99.1% 98.4% 99.0% 96.2% 99.1% 99.2%
The data in table 2 show that the capacity retention rate of the cell No. 5 is lower than that of the other six groups, and the cell No. 5 is disassembled to find that 7 black spots with the diameter smaller than 1mm exist in the diaphragm, namely the self-discharge spots. The detection accuracy of the scheme is proved.
Example 2:
the battery cell is selected to be a 20ah ternary/lithium titanate cylindrical battery cell, the shipment state is 50% SOC, the battery cell is charged or discharged to the shipment state at the end of formation, the test can be carried out, and the number of samples is enlarged to 28 single battery cells in the test.
Firstly, testing the 28 battery cells by a standing method, detecting the OCV difference value after the battery cells pass through high-temperature standing for 3 days, wherein the test data is shown in a table 3 and the unit is V;
TABLE 3
Figure BDA0002089059290000042
Figure BDA0002089059290000051
According to the data in table 3, the test results were all normal, and these 28 single cells had no defective cells. Dividing the 28 battery cores into 4 groups, installing the 4 groups into a lower bus bar, sequentially connecting the upper bus bar and the lower bus bar, charging the screening device for 5s by 5C multiplied by 7 current by using a charging and discharging machine, and reading the 5s current, wherein specific numerical values are shown in a table 4;
TABLE 4
Serial number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Current value/A 19.4 18.9 24.9 19.0 19.2 19.5 19.2
Serial number 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Current value/A 18.8 25.7 18.7 18.6 19.6 19.1 19.3
Serial number 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
Current value/A 19.9 19.4 19.6 20.5 19.7 20.3 20.5
Serial number 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
Current value/A 20.1 20.9 20.2 19.8 19.7 20.3 19.3
According to table 4, it can be seen that No. 3 and No. 9 electric core data have obvious difference with other electric cores, No. 3 and No. 9 electric cores are disassembled, 5 to 7 black points with the diameter smaller than 1mm exist in the diaphragm, namely, the short-circuit point is found, compared with the traditional standing method, the scheme can enlarge the difference between the slight short circuit and the short-circuit-free electric core, the single electric core with the short-circuit hidden danger is induced to be identified as the short-circuit electric core, the method is the comparison of real-time data, the influence of the initial data caused by the measurement precision is eliminated, and the screening result is more accurate.
While one embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail, the description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. Based on quick sieving mechanism of direct current impedance lithium ion battery self-discharge, its characterized in that: the Hall sensor is arranged on the terminal between the upper busbar and the anode of the single battery cell; a plurality of battery cell filling positions are arranged in the lower busbar, and the upper busbar and the lower busbar are provided with the same number of battery cell filling positions;
the upper bus bar and the lower bus bar are both connected with a charge and discharge machine, and the lower bus bars are one or more groups; the method comprises the steps of clamping and connecting a plurality of monomer battery cores in parallel in a tool mode, carrying out direct current impedance test on a parallel battery system, namely giving a current wave in a short time, respectively reading the distribution of current after short-time pulse in different branches, and reading the current value of the last second in different branches in a short time, thereby screening out the monomer battery cores with discrete data.
2. The lithium ion battery self-discharge rapid screening device based on direct current impedance of claim 1, characterized in that: and 7-20 battery cell filling positions are arranged in the lower busbar.
3. The lithium ion battery self-discharge rapid screening method based on the direct current impedance is characterized in that: this is achieved with the apparatus of claim 1 or 2; connecting a plurality of single battery cores in parallel to form a parallel battery system, and performing direct current impedance test on the parallel battery system to screen out the single battery cores with discrete data; the direct current impedance test specifically comprises the steps of giving a current wave in a short time, and respectively reading the distribution of the current in different branches in the last second in the short time.
4. The direct-current impedance lithium ion battery self-discharge rapid screening method based on claim 3 is characterized in that: wherein the short time is 1-30s, and the current is 1-8C × the number of filling bits.
5. The direct-current impedance lithium ion battery self-discharge rapid screening method based on claim 4 is characterized in that: the direct current impedance test specifically comprises the steps of giving a 5C current wave within 5s, and respectively reading the current magnitude of each branch of the 5 s.
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CN111781510A (en) * 2020-06-09 2020-10-16 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 Method for screening abnormal self-discharge batteries
CN111965545B (en) * 2020-07-31 2024-07-19 蜂巢能源科技有限公司 Lithium battery self-discharge detection method, device and system

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