CN113540581B - Method and system for determining consistency of lithium ion cells - Google Patents
Method and system for determining consistency of lithium ion cells Download PDFInfo
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- CN113540581B CN113540581B CN202010315940.5A CN202010315940A CN113540581B CN 113540581 B CN113540581 B CN 113540581B CN 202010315940 A CN202010315940 A CN 202010315940A CN 113540581 B CN113540581 B CN 113540581B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4285—Testing apparatus
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention provides a method and a system for determining consistency of lithium ion cells, and relates to the technical field of battery detection. The method comprises the following steps: carrying out a charge-discharge experiment on a lithium ion battery cell to be tested, and acquiring first state information; adjusting the charge state of the lithium ion battery cell after the charge and discharge experiment; the lithium ion battery cell after the charge state is adjusted is placed in a constant temperature environment for a first preset time, and second state information is obtained; and determining the lithium ion cells with the consistency according to the first state information and the second state information. The method for determining the consistency of the lithium ion battery cells can determine the battery cells with better consistency and combine the battery cells into the battery pack, thereby improving the performance, the service life and the safety of a battery system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of battery detection, in particular to a method and a system for determining consistency of lithium ion cells.
Background
The large-scale application condition of the lithium ion battery in the fields of new energy automobiles, smart power grids and the like is increased year by year at present, but the inconsistency of battery parameters is a key factor influencing the service life of the battery pack at present, and the improvement of the thermal management level ensures the safe operation of the battery pack to a certain extent, but the improvement of the consistency level of the battery is still an important technical influence factor for large-scale use of the lithium ion battery. Because the parameter values of the batteries of the same type and specification in the aspects of voltage, internal resistance, capacity and the like are different, when the batteries are used on an electric automobile, the performance indexes of the batteries often cannot reach the original level of a single battery, and the application of the batteries on the electric automobile is seriously influenced.
After the single battery is manufactured, certain performance difference exists among the single batteries. The initial inconsistency is accumulated along with continuous charge and discharge cycles of the battery in the using process, so that the states (charge state, voltage and the like) of the single batteries are more different; the usage environment in the battery pack is also different for each unit battery. This leads to a gradual amplification of the cell inconsistencies during use, which in some cases leads to an accelerated decay of some cell performance and ultimately to premature failure of the battery.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a method and a system for determining consistency of lithium ion battery cells, which are used for solving the problem of accelerated attenuation of battery performance caused by inconsistent battery cells.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for determining consistency of lithium ion cells, which comprises the following steps:
carrying out a charge-discharge experiment on a lithium ion battery cell to be tested, and acquiring first state information;
adjusting the charge state of the lithium ion battery cell after the charge and discharge experiment;
the lithium ion battery cell after the charge state is adjusted is placed in a constant temperature environment for a first preset time, and second state information is obtained;
and determining the lithium ion cells with the consistency according to the first state information and the second state information.
Further, the lithium ion battery cell to be tested is subjected to a charge-discharge experiment, which includes:
charging the lithium ion battery cell to a first charging state by a first preset current constant current;
and in the first charging state, the lithium ion battery is charged at the current voltage constant voltage, and the charging is stopped when the charging current of the lithium ion battery cell is the second preset current.
Further, the charge-discharge experiment of the lithium ion battery cell to be tested further includes:
and laying the charged lithium ion battery cell for a preset second preset time.
Further, the first state information includes at least:
monomer discharge capacity, monomer direct current internal resistance, monomer voltage and first discharge time of complete discharge.
Further, the adjusting the state of charge of the lithium ion battery cell after the charge and discharge experiment includes:
acquiring parameters for adjusting the state of charge;
acquiring a second discharge time for adjusting the state of charge according to the parameter of the state of charge;
and fully charging the lithium ion battery cell after the charge-discharge experiment, and discharging at a constant current of a third preset current for a second discharge time.
Further, placing N lithium ion cells with the charge states adjusted and consistent states in a constant temperature environment for a first preset time;
and acquiring second state information of N lithium ion cells for shelving the first preset time, wherein N is a positive integer.
Further, the second state information includes:
the average value of the discharge capacity, the average value of the direct current internal resistance, the average value of the voltage and the self-discharge rate of the lithium ion battery cell.
Further, the lithium ion cell for determining consistency of the lithium ion cell comprises:
and when the self-discharge rate of the lithium ion electric core is less than or equal to the first range, determining the discharge consistency of the lithium ion electric core.
Further, the method further comprises: determining lithium ion cells with inconsistent lithium ion cells according to the first state information and the second state information;
when the process capacity index is larger than or equal to a first value, the process capacity index is larger than or equal to a second value, and the average value of the specific discharge capacities of the single discharge capacities is larger than a second range, the inconsistent capacity attenuation of the lithium ion battery cell is determined;
when the process capability index is larger than or equal to a first value, the process capability index is larger than or equal to a second value, and the average value of the voltage-to-voltage ratio of the single body is larger than a second range, determining that the voltages of the lithium ion cells are inconsistent;
and when the process capability index is larger than or equal to the first value, the process capability index is larger than or equal to the second value, and the average value of the direct current internal resistance of the single body to the direct current internal resistance is larger than a third range, determining that the internal resistances of the lithium ion batteries are inconsistent.
The invention also provides a system for determining the consistency of the lithium ion cells, which comprises the following components:
the charge and discharge experiment device is used for carrying out charge and discharge experiments on the lithium ion battery cell to be tested, acquiring first state information and adjusting the charge state of the lithium ion battery cell after the charge and discharge experiments;
the constant temperature device is used for accommodating the lithium ion battery cell, placing the lithium ion battery cell with the adjusted charge state in a constant temperature environment for a first preset time and acquiring second state information;
and the processing device is used for determining the lithium ion cells with consistent lithium ion cells according to the first state information and the second state information.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method for determining the consistency of the lithium ion battery cells can determine the battery cells with better consistency and combine the battery cells into the battery pack, and each index of each battery pack is basically consistent after the battery cells are combined into the battery system, so that the service life of a module can be greatly prolonged, and the safety of the module can be greatly improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for determining consistency of a lithium ion battery cell according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a system for determining consistency of lithium ion cells according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description is given with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. In the following description, specific details such as specific configurations and components are provided only to help the full understanding of the embodiments of the present invention. Thus, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made to the embodiments described herein without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. In addition, descriptions of well-known functions and constructions are omitted for clarity and conciseness.
It should be appreciated that reference throughout this specification to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus, the appearances of the phrases "in one embodiment" or "in an embodiment" in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.
In various embodiments of the present invention, it should be understood that the sequence numbers of the following processes do not mean the execution sequence, and the execution sequence of each process should be determined by the function and the inherent logic of the process, and should not constitute any limitation to the implementation process of the embodiments of the present invention.
The invention provides a method and a system for determining consistency of lithium ion batteries, aiming at the problem of accelerated attenuation of battery performance caused by inconsistency of battery cells.
As shown in fig. 1, a method for determining consistency of lithium ion cells according to an optional embodiment of the present invention includes:
step 300, placing the lithium ion battery cell with the adjusted state of charge in a constant temperature environment for a first preset time, and acquiring second state information;
and step 400, determining the lithium ion cells with consistent lithium ion cells according to the first state information and the second state information.
In the embodiment, a charge-discharge experiment is performed on the lithium ion battery cell to be tested to obtain the voltage, capacity, internal resistance and other parameter results in the experiment process, the constant-temperature environment operation is performed to obtain the voltage average value, the capacity average value, the internal resistance average value and other parameter results of a plurality of groups of lithium ion battery cells, the data results of the single battery cells and the plurality of groups of battery cells are compared and analyzed, the lithium ion battery cells with close consistency are selected to form the battery pack according to the requirement of the determined parameters, the service life of the battery system is prolonged, and the use faults of the battery system are reduced.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the step 100 includes;
charging the lithium ion battery cell to a first charging state by a first preset current constant current;
and in the first charging state, the charging is carried out at a constant voltage by using the current voltage, and the charging is stopped when the charging current of the lithium ion battery cell is a second preset current.
It should be noted that the first preset current is preferably 1CA, the lithium ion power battery to be tested is charged to the first charging state with a constant current of 1CA current, at this time, the voltage of the first charging state is obtained, the charging is continued with the current voltage, the charging is stopped until the charging current in the lithium ion power battery to be tested is reduced to the second preset current, the second preset current is 0.05CA, and if the voltage of the lithium ion battery cell in the charging process exceeds 0.1V, the charging is directly stopped.
Further, after the lithium ion battery cell to be tested is charged, the method further comprises:
and placing the charged lithium ion battery cell for a second preset time.
It should be noted that the second preset time is 1-2 hours of standing, so as to ensure the consistency and stability of the test sample and the accuracy of the subsequent thermal runaway experiment.
Before the charge and discharge experiment is performed in the above embodiment, the discharge operation is performed on the lithium ion battery cell, preferably, the lithium ion battery cell is discharged to an empty state at a current of 1C, so as to ensure the consistency of the lithium ion battery cell before the experiment operation and ensure the accuracy of the subsequent experiment.
Specifically, the first state information in step 100 at least includes:
monomer discharge capacity, monomer direct current internal resistance, monomer voltage and first discharge time of complete discharge.
It should be noted that the parameter result of the first state information is a basic parameter in a subsequent experiment process, and the consistency of the lithium ion battery cells is further determined through the use and analysis of the parameter.
Further, the step 200 includes:
acquiring parameters for adjusting the state of charge;
acquiring a second discharge time for adjusting the state of charge according to the parameter of the state of charge;
and fully charging the lithium ion battery cell after the charge-discharge experiment, and discharging at a constant current of a third preset current for a second discharge time.
In this embodiment, the second discharge time of the state of charge (SOC) is adjusted by adjusting a parameter of the state of charge (SOC), for example, to obtain the state of 30% SOC, the second discharge time of the state of charge of X = X × first discharge time is obtained by multiplying the first discharge time of the full discharge in the first state information by 30%, that is, the second discharge time of the state of charge of 30%, that is, the state of charge expressed as the state of charge of X is obtained; and determining the discharge time of the charge state, fully charging the lithium ion battery cell again, and then discharging at a constant current of a third preset current for a second discharge time to obtain the lithium ion battery cell after the charge state is adjusted, wherein the third preset current is preferably 1C current, so that the stability and the speed of current discharge are ensured.
In one embodiment, the step 300 includes:
placing N lithium ion electric cores with the same state after the charge state is adjusted in a constant temperature environment for a first preset time;
and acquiring second state information of N lithium ion electric cores which are set aside for a first preset time, wherein N is a positive integer.
It should be noted that the first preset time is 40 to 80 hours; n is preferably selected to be larger than the number of the electric cores for preparing a lithium ion battery, and then the second state information of the N lithium ion electric cores is obtained; here, the second state information includes: average value of discharge capacity, average value of direct current internal resistance, average value of voltage and self-discharge rate of lithium ion cell.
Further, the step 400 includes:
and when the self-discharge rate of the lithium ion battery cell is less than or equal to the first range, determining the discharge consistency of the lithium ion battery cell.
It should be noted that the self-discharge rate (K) of the lithium ion battery cell is mainly voltage information and a charge state during battery charging and discharging, and the lithium ion battery cell is subjected to shelve discharge by adjusting to the corresponding charge state so as to accurately and quickly judge the self-discharge abnormal state of the lithium ion battery cell; and if the K is less than or equal to 0.065-0.02, determining the discharge consistency of the lithium ion battery cell, wherein the unit of the K is (mv/h).
Further, according to the first state information and the second state information, determining lithium ion cells with inconsistent lithium ion cells;
when the process capability index is larger than or equal to a first value, the process capability index is larger than or equal to a second value, and the average value of the specific discharge capacity of the monomer discharge capacity is larger than a second range, the inconsistent attenuation of the capacity of the lithium ion battery cell is determined;
when the process capability index (CPK) is larger than or equal to a first value, the process capability index (PPK) is larger than or equal to a second value, and the average value of the voltage ratio of the single body is larger than a second range, determining that the voltages of the lithium ion battery cells are inconsistent;
and when the process capability index is larger than or equal to the first value, the process capability index is larger than or equal to the second value, and the average value of the direct current internal resistance of the single body to the direct current internal resistance is larger than a third range, determining that the internal resistances of the lithium ion cells are inconsistent.
It should be noted that CPK represents an index of process capability. The product with high quality and reliability can be produced only by strong processing capability. The PPK is an index used to calculate process capability or process capability in a control chart during an experiment, and refers to the process performance of sample data when process deviation is considered. Wherein, CPK: the sampling is to group, and relates to subgroup, subgroup capacity and sampling frequency; PPK: continuous sampling can also be carried out by discontinuous sampling; the process of CPK must be stable; PPK may not be a stable process.
In this embodiment, after the constant temperature environment is over, the values of CPK and PPK are obtained, and the information of the first state and the information of the second state are further analyzed by determining that CPK is more than or equal to 1.33 and PPK is more than or equal to 1.67, wherein the first value is 1.33 and the second value is 1.67. When CPK is more than or equal to 1.33 and PPK is more than or equal to 1.67, and the average value of the specific discharge capacity of the monomer discharge capacity is more than 1%, determining that the capacity attenuation of the lithium ion battery cell is inconsistent, namely determining that the monomer battery cell is a monomer with abnormal capacity attenuation, and then eliminating the battery cell; when the CPK is more than or equal to 1.33, the PPK is more than or equal to 1.67, and the average value of the voltage ratio of the single body is more than 1%, determining that the voltages of the lithium ion battery cores are inconsistent, namely determining that the single body battery core is a voltage abnormal single body, and then eliminating the battery core; when the CPK is more than or equal to 1.33 and the PPK is more than or equal to 1.67, and the direct current internal resistance of the single body is more than 10% of the average value of the direct current internal resistance, determining that the internal resistance of the lithium ion battery cell is inconsistent, namely determining that the single body battery cell is an abnormal monomer with increased internal resistance, and then eliminating the battery cell; the second range is preferably 1%, and the third range is preferably 10%, which may be appropriately adjusted according to the parameters of a specific battery cell.
By the method, the lithium ion battery cores with close consistency can be selected to form the battery pack according to the requirement of the determined parameters, so that the service life of the battery system is prolonged, and the use faults of the battery system are reduced.
As shown in fig. 2, a system for determining consistency of a lithium ion battery according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention includes:
the charge and discharge experiment device is used for carrying out charge and discharge experiments on the lithium ion battery cell to be tested, acquiring first state information and adjusting the charge state of the lithium ion battery cell after the charge and discharge experiments;
the constant temperature device is used for accommodating the lithium ion battery cell, placing the lithium ion battery cell with the adjusted charge state in a constant temperature environment for a first preset time and acquiring second state information;
and the processing device is used for determining the lithium ion cells with consistent lithium ion cells according to the first state information and the second state information.
It should be noted that, a charge-discharge experiment is performed on a lithium ion battery cell to be tested through a charge-discharge experiment device, the acquired first state information is stored in a processing device, the charge state of the lithium ion battery cell after the charge-discharge experiment is adjusted through the first state information, the lithium ion battery cell is accommodated at a constant temperature, the lithium ion battery cell after the charge state is adjusted is placed in a constant temperature environment for a first preset time, and second state information is acquired, and the processing device determines the lithium ion battery cell with the consistency of the lithium ion battery cell according to the first state information and the second state information by storing the second state information.
In summary, according to the method and system for determining consistency of lithium ion cells provided by the invention, the lithium ion cells with close consistency can be selected to form the battery pack according to the requirement of the determined parameters, so that powerful data support is provided for management and control of the lithium ion battery system, guarantee is provided for safety and reliability of the battery system, and safety accidents of the lithium ion batteries are reduced.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.
Claims (9)
1. A method for determining consistency of lithium ion cells is characterized by comprising the following steps:
carrying out a charge-discharge experiment on a lithium ion battery cell to be tested, and acquiring first state information;
adjusting the charge state of the lithium ion battery cell after the charge and discharge experiment;
the lithium ion battery cell after the charge state is adjusted is placed in a constant temperature environment for a first preset time, and second state information is obtained;
determining the lithium ion cells with consistent lithium ion cells according to the first state information and the second state information;
when the process capability index is larger than or equal to a first value, the process capability index is larger than or equal to a second value, and the average value of the specific discharge capacity of the monomer discharge capacity is larger than a second range, the inconsistent attenuation of the capacity of the lithium ion battery cell is determined;
when the process capability index is larger than or equal to a first value, the process capability index is larger than or equal to a second value, and the average value of the voltage-to-voltage ratio of the single body is larger than a second range, determining that the voltages of the lithium ion cells are inconsistent;
and when the process capability index is larger than or equal to the first value, the process capability index is larger than or equal to the second value, and the average value of the direct current internal resistance of the single body to the direct current internal resistance is larger than a third range, determining that the internal resistances of the lithium ion cells are inconsistent.
2. The method for determining the consistency of the lithium ion cells according to claim 1, wherein the performing a charge and discharge experiment on the lithium ion cells to be tested comprises:
charging the lithium ion battery cell to a first charging state by a first preset current constant current;
and in the first charging state, the lithium ion battery is charged at the current voltage constant voltage, and the charging is stopped when the charging current of the lithium ion battery cell is the second preset current.
3. The method for determining consistency of lithium ion cells according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the performing a charge-discharge experiment on the lithium ion cell to be tested further comprises:
and laying the charged lithium ion battery cell for a preset second preset time.
4. The method for determining consistency of lithium-ion cells according to claim 1, wherein the first status information at least comprises:
monomer discharge capacity, monomer direct current internal resistance, monomer voltage and first discharge time of complete discharge.
5. The method for determining the consistency of the lithium ion cells according to claim 1, wherein the adjusting the state of charge of the lithium ion cells after the charge and discharge experiment comprises:
acquiring parameters for adjusting the state of charge;
acquiring a second discharge time for adjusting the state of charge according to the parameter of the state of charge;
and fully charging the lithium ion battery cell after the charge-discharge experiment, and discharging at a constant current for a second discharge time by using a third preset current.
6. The method for determining the consistency of lithium ion cells according to claim 1,
placing N lithium ion cells with the consistent states after the charge states are adjusted for a first preset time in a constant temperature environment;
and acquiring second state information of N lithium ion cells for shelving the first preset time, wherein N is a positive integer.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the second status information includes:
average value of discharge capacity, average value of direct current internal resistance, average value of voltage and self-discharge rate of lithium ion cell.
8. The method for determining consistency of lithium ion cells according to claim 7, wherein the method for determining consistency of lithium ion cells comprises:
and when the self-discharge rate of the lithium ion electric core is less than or equal to the first range, determining the discharge consistency of the lithium ion electric core.
9. A system for determining lithium ion cell uniformity, comprising:
the charge and discharge experiment device is used for carrying out charge and discharge experiments on the lithium ion battery cell to be tested, acquiring first state information and adjusting the charge state of the lithium ion battery cell after the charge and discharge experiments;
the constant temperature device is used for accommodating the lithium ion battery cell, placing the lithium ion battery cell with the adjusted charge state in a constant temperature environment for a first preset time and acquiring second state information;
the processing device is used for determining the lithium ion cells with consistent lithium ion cells according to the first state information and the second state information;
when the process capability index is larger than or equal to a first value, the process capability index is larger than or equal to a second value, and the average value of the specific discharge capacity of the monomer discharge capacity is larger than a second range, the inconsistent attenuation of the capacity of the lithium ion battery cell is determined;
when the process capability index is larger than or equal to a first value, the process capability index is larger than or equal to a second value, and the average value of the voltage-to-voltage ratio of the single body is larger than a second range, determining that the voltages of the lithium ion cells are inconsistent;
and when the process capability index is larger than or equal to the first value, the process capability index is larger than or equal to the second value, and the average value of the direct current internal resistance of the single body to the direct current internal resistance is larger than a third range, determining that the internal resistances of the lithium ion batteries are inconsistent.
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