CN104578286B - The active equalization method of lithium battery group - Google Patents
The active equalization method of lithium battery group Download PDFInfo
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- CN104578286B CN104578286B CN201410841477.2A CN201410841477A CN104578286B CN 104578286 B CN104578286 B CN 104578286B CN 201410841477 A CN201410841477 A CN 201410841477A CN 104578286 B CN104578286 B CN 104578286B
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- lithium battery
- battery monomer
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- monomer
- active
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 160
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 159
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 106
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005779 cell damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000037887 cell injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of active equalization method of lithium battery group, including：Determine to need balanced lithium battery monomer under charge or discharge state；Calculate the real time equaliser electric current of the lithium battery monomer；Opened after starting to charge up or discharging and the active equalization of the lithium battery monomer is protected.The present invention can open balance protection in time to prevent lithium battery group from damaging.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of lithium battery application, more particularly to a kind of active equalization method of lithium battery group.
Background technology
Lithium battery be it is a kind of by lithium metal or lithium alloy be negative material, the battery using non-aqueous electrolytic solution.Right
When the progress charge and discharge of energy-storage lithium battery group is electrically operated, the inconsistency of battery capacity can cause the electricity of battery storage to be difficult to effectively
Utilize.Therefore, the Software for Design of Balance route can be all added in current batteries management system.
However, the existing balance control method on lithium battery is all in charging, when a certain battery electricity in battery pack
Pressure is higher by threshold value, just carries out discharge operation to it, suppresses its voltage change, ensures that the battery can synchronously fill with other batteries
It is full.In electric discharge, charging operations are carried out to battery of the voltage less than threshold value, principle is same as above.The i.e. existing equilibrium on lithium battery
Control method is all to have generated the change (exceeding threshold value) different from other batteries in lithium battery, is just opened to the battery
Equilibrium, cause cell damage not in time so as to easily cause balanced open.
The content of the invention
Based on this, it is necessary to provide it is a kind of can open balance protection in time with prevent lithium battery group damage lithium battery group
Active equalization method.
A kind of active equalization method of lithium battery group, including：
Determine to need balanced lithium battery monomer under charge or discharge state；
Calculate the real time equaliser electric current of the lithium battery monomer；
Opened after starting to charge up or discharging and the active equalization of the lithium battery monomer is protected.
In one of the embodiments, the step of determining to need the lithium battery monomer of equilibrium under charge or discharge state is specific
For：
Actual capacity demarcation is carried out to each lithium battery monomer；
Capacity difference between the actual capacity of each lithium battery monomer and rated capacity is calculated according to calibration result；
The lithium battery monomer that the absolute value of capacity difference is more than to preset value is defined as needing balanced lithium battery monomer.
In one of the embodiments, the preset value is 0.
In one of the embodiments, the step of real time equaliser electric current for calculating the lithium battery monomer is specially：
Define volume index Soc=1+ [(I+i) dt]/Mc of lithium battery monomer；
The volume index Soc of lithium battery monomer is made to be equal to equalization volume index Soc0；
Obtain the real time equaliser electric current of the lithium battery monomer；
Wherein, I is lithium battery group charge or discharge electric current, and i is the real time equaliser electric current of lithium battery monomer, and dt refers to equal
The integrated value of weighing apparatus time, Mc are the actual capacity of each lithium battery monomer；
Equalization volume index Soc0 refers to that the real time equaliser electric current i of lithium battery monomer is 0, the actual capacity of lithium battery monomer
Mc is equal to volume index Soc values during rated capacity.
In one of the embodiments, opened after starting to charge up or discharging and the active equalization of the lithium battery monomer is protected
The step of shield is specially：
After starting to charge up, the lithium battery monomer that rated capacity is more than to actual capacity carries out active charge equilibrium, to reality
The lithium battery monomer that border capacity is less than rated capacity carries out active discharge equilibrium；
After discharge is started, the lithium battery monomer that rated capacity is more than to actual capacity carries out active discharge equilibrium, to reality
The lithium battery monomer that border capacity is less than rated capacity carries out active charge equilibrium.
In one of the embodiments, the mode for carrying out the balanced mode of active charge and active discharge equilibrium is respectively double
It is charged and discharged to dc source.
In one of the embodiments, in addition to lithium battery monomer the step of carrying out balanced priority ranking, wherein, institute
It is bigger to state the absolute value of capacity difference, balanced priority is higher.
In one of the embodiments, after starting to charge up or discharging, distinguish from high to low according to the balanced priority
Open and the active equalization of the lithium battery monomer is protected.
In one of the embodiments, also include after the step of opening the active equalization protection to the lithium battery monomer
The step of stopping output euqalizing current to terminate active equalization protection.
In one of the embodiments, described the step of stopping output euqalizing current to terminate active equalization protection, is specific
For：
By lithium battery group charge or discharge electric current and lithium battery monomer real time equaliser electric current and to time for balance it is realistic when
Integrated value；
The real-time integrated value asked for every time is summed, obtains aggregate value method of weighting score value；
Detect whether the aggregate value method of weighting score value is equal to the capacity difference, if so, stopping output euqalizing current to terminate actively
Balance protection.
The active equalization method of above-mentioned lithium battery group, by determining to need balanced lithium battery list under charge or discharge state
Body, the real time equaliser electric current of the lithium battery monomer is calculated, and opened after starting to charge up or discharging to the lithium battery monomer
Active equalization protection, so can open balance protection in time to prevent lithium battery group from damaging.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the active equalization method flow chart of lithium battery group in an embodiment；
Fig. 2 is to determine to need the lithium battery monomer flow chart of equilibrium under charge or discharge state in an embodiment；
Fig. 3 is the real time equaliser current flow path figure that the lithium battery monomer is calculated in an embodiment.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 is refer to, is the active equalization method flow chart of lithium battery group in an embodiment.
The active equalization method of the lithium battery group includes：
Step S110：Determine to need balanced lithium battery monomer under charge or discharge state.
Incorporated by reference to Fig. 2, in the present embodiment, step S110 is specifically included：
Step S112：Actual capacity demarcation is carried out to each lithium battery monomer.
Actual capacity demarcates the measurement for just referring to actual capacity.Each lithium battery monomer has corresponding volume when dispatching from the factory
Constant volume, but the inevitable error occurred in the difference or manufacturing process of battery use environment can all cause the reality of battery
There is deviation in capacity and its rated capacity, in addition, using multiple battery, its capacity can also decay.Therefore, to each
Lithium battery monomer carries out actual capacity demarcation and is very important.
Step S114：Capacity between the actual capacity of each lithium battery monomer and rated capacity is calculated according to calibration result
Difference.
The numerical value of the capacity difference can reflect the health degree of lithium battery monomer.Under concrete condition, the health degree is commented
Valency also needs to the history working curve with reference to the lithium battery monomer.
Step S116：The lithium battery monomer that the absolute value of capacity difference is more than to preset value is defined as needing balanced lithium battery
Monomer.
In the present embodiment, the preset value is 0.It is appreciated that in other embodiments, the preset value can also be
Other are less than 1 numerical value, such as 0.5.
Step S120：Calculate the real time equaliser electric current of the lithium battery monomer.
Incorporated by reference to Fig. 3, in the present embodiment, step S120 is specifically included：
Step S122：Define volume index Soc=1+ [(I+i) dt]/Mc of lithium battery monomer.
Wherein, I is lithium battery group charge or discharge electric current, and i is the real time equaliser electric current of lithium battery monomer, and dt refers to equal
The integrated value of weighing apparatus time, Mc are the actual capacity of each lithium battery monomer.
Step S124：The volume index Soc of lithium battery monomer is made to be equal to equalization volume index Soc0.
Step S126：Obtain the real time equaliser electric current of the lithium battery monomer.
Equalization volume index Soc0 refers to that the real time equaliser electric current i of lithium battery monomer is 0, the actual capacity of lithium battery monomer
Mc is equal to volume index Soc values during rated capacity.
Specifically, so that the lithium battery group of three lithium battery monomer compositions carries out discharge process as an example.If three lithium batteries
The demarcation actual capacity of monomer is respectively 36 ampere-hours, 40 ampere-hours, 42 ampere-hours, lithium battery group discharge current I=-40 ampere ("-" tables
Show the in opposite direction of the sense of current and charging current), accumulation time for balance is 1 hour, and the rated capacity of lithium battery group is 40 peaces
When, and using 1C charge and discharge multiplying power as testing standard, then 40 amperes of electric discharges 1 hour can be by the battery core of whole lithium battery group
Dump energy is given out light.Above-mentioned relevant parameter is substituted into the formula of volume index is that the capacity that can obtain each lithium battery monomer refers to
Number, and makes the volume index of each monomer be equal to equalization volume index Soc0, then can be in the hope of the equal of three lithium battery monomers
The battery that weighs is respectively+4 amperes, 0 ampere, -2 amperes.
So whole lithium battery group can be with 40 amperes of current discharge 1 hour, and rated capacity is 40 ampere-hours.If
Do not have the effect of active equalization, then when whole lithium battery group is discharged 54 minutes with 40 amperes, actual capacity is electric for the lithium of 36 ampere-hours
Pond monomer can not be further continued for discharging, then the capacity of whole lithium battery group only has 36 ampere-hours.
From above-mentioned comparing result it is recognised that the capacity for having the lithium battery group of active equalization effect is 40 ampere-hours, no active
The lithium battery group whole volume of proportionality action is 36 ampere-hours, and data are more or less the same.But if converted to by 221 lithium battery monomers
Even more lithium batteries it is monomer series-connected into lithium battery group, its capacity data difference is great.
Step S130：Opened after starting to charge up or discharging and the active equalization of the lithium battery monomer is protected.
In the present embodiment, step S130 is specially：
After starting to charge up, the lithium battery monomer that rated capacity is more than to actual capacity carries out active charge equilibrium, to reality
The lithium battery monomer that border capacity is less than rated capacity carries out active discharge equilibrium；
After discharge is started, the lithium battery monomer that rated capacity is more than to actual capacity carries out active discharge equilibrium, to reality
The lithium battery monomer that border capacity is less than rated capacity carries out active charge equilibrium.
Specifically, or by taking the lithium battery group of above three lithium battery monomer composition as an example, their actual capacity difference
For 36 ampere-hours, 40 ampere-hours and 42 ampere-hours.The capacity difference for so trying to achieve three lithium battery monomers is respectively -4 ampere-hours, 0 ampere-hour and 2
Ampere-hour, it is thus determined that two lithium battery monomers that actual capacity is 36 ampere-hours and 42 ampere-hours are to need balanced lithium battery monomer.
The euqalizing current that two lithium battery monomers can be obtained according to the method described above is 2 amperes and 4 amperes.Lithium battery group starts
After charging, active equalization protection is opened according to actual conditions, carrying out 2 amperes of active to capacity for the lithium battery monomer of 42 ampere-hours fills
Electrical equalization, stop within balanced 1 hour balanced.4 amperes of equalization discharges are carried out to the lithium battery monomer of 36 ampere-hours, stopped after balanced 1 hour
It is only balanced.After completing charging, lithium battery group has charged 40 ampere-hours, (other actual capacities for 40 ampere-hours lithium battery monomer
Full of), the unlatching of active equalization protection supplements 2 ampere-hours to actual capacity for the lithium battery monomer of 42 ampere-hours, to actual capacity
Discharged 4 ampere-hours for the lithium battery monomer of 36 ampere-hours.Therefore, after completing charging, the equal monomer of all lithium batteries can be filled simultaneously
It is full.Similarly, after lithium battery group starts electric discharge, active equalization protection is opened according to actual conditions, actual capacity is the lithium of 36 ampere-hours
Battery cell and actual capacity can synchronously be vented for the lithium battery monomer of 42 ampere-hours, be not in because actual capacity is 36 ampere-hours
Lithium battery monomer is vented and actual capacity also has the phenomenon that the electricity of 6 ampere-hours can not release for the lithium battery monomer of 42 ampere-hours,
So as to the covert capacity for having expanded battery pack.
Wherein, the mode for carrying out the balanced mode of active charge and active discharge equilibrium is respectively bidirectional DC power supply charging
And electric discharge, and the size of current of the bidirectional DC power supply is adjustable.It is appreciated that in other embodiments, carry out active charge
During balanced or active discharge equilibrium, can also otherwise it charge and discharge.
Further, in other embodiments, the step of in addition to lithium battery monomer carrying out balanced priority ranking, its
In, the absolute value of the capacity difference is bigger, and balanced priority is higher.So after starting to charge up or discharging, it is possible to according to institute
State balanced priority to be separately turned on protecting the active equalization of the lithium battery monomer from high to low, i.e., according to lithium battery monomer
The order for sorting to control corresponding lithium battery monomer to open balance protection of priority.
Also include stopping the step of output euqalizing current is to terminate active equalization protection, specific bag in other embodiments
Include：By lithium battery group charge or discharge electric current and lithium battery monomer real time equaliser electric current and to time for balance it is realistic when integrate
Value；The real-time integrated value asked for every time is summed, obtains aggregate value method of weighting score value；Detect whether the aggregate value method of weighting score value is equal to institute
Capacity difference is stated, if so, stopping output euqalizing current to terminate active equalization protection.So demarcate to obtain by actual capacity
For capacity difference compared with the threshold value that subjective conjecture in traditional equalization methods or experience estimation are drawn, accuracy is higher, and error is smaller, can
With more efficient management lithium battery group, the capacity of each lithium battery monomer is at utmost utilized.
The active equalization method of above-mentioned lithium battery group, by determining to need balanced lithium battery list under charge or discharge state
Body, the real time equaliser electric current of the lithium battery monomer is calculated, and opened after starting to charge up or discharging to the lithium battery monomer
Active equalization protection, so can open balance protection in time to prevent lithium battery group from damaging.
Embodiment described above only expresses the several embodiments of the present invention, and its description is more specific and detailed, but simultaneously
Therefore the limitation to the scope of the claims of the present invention can not be interpreted as.It should be pointed out that for one of ordinary skill in the art
For, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, various modifications and improvements can be made, these belong to the guarantor of the present invention
Protect scope.Therefore, the protection domain of patent of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
- A kind of 1. active equalization method of lithium battery group, it is characterised in that including：Determine to need balanced lithium battery monomer under charge or discharge state, be specially：Actual capacity demarcation is carried out to each lithium battery monomer；Capacity difference between the actual capacity of each lithium battery monomer and rated capacity is calculated according to calibration result；The lithium battery monomer that the absolute value of capacity difference is more than to preset value is defined as needing balanced lithium battery monomer；The real time equaliser electric current of the lithium battery monomer is calculated, is speciallyDefine the volume index of lithium battery monomerThe volume index Soc of lithium battery monomer is made to be equal to equalization volume index Soc0,The real time equaliser electric current of the lithium battery monomer is obtained,Wherein, I is lithium battery group charge or discharge electric current, and i is the real time equaliser electric current of lithium battery monomer, and Mc is each lithium battery The actual capacity of monomer, equalization volume index Soc0 refer to that the real time equaliser electric current i of lithium battery monomer is 0 and lithium battery monomer Actual capacity Mc is equal to volume index during rated capacity；Opened after starting to charge up or discharging using the real time equaliser electric current and the active equalization of the lithium battery monomer is protected.
- 2. the active equalization method of lithium battery group according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the preset value is 0.
- 3. the active equalization method of lithium battery group according to claim 1, it is characterised in that after starting to charge up or discharging Opening the step of being protected to the active equalization of the lithium battery monomer is specially：After starting to charge up, the lithium battery monomer that rated capacity is more than to actual capacity carries out active charge equilibrium, to actual appearance Amount carries out active discharge equilibrium less than the lithium battery monomer of rated capacity；After discharge is started, the lithium battery monomer that rated capacity is more than to actual capacity carries out active discharge equilibrium, to actual appearance Amount carries out active charge equilibrium less than the lithium battery monomer of rated capacity.
- 4. the active equalization method of lithium battery group according to claim 3, it is characterised in that carry out active charge equilibrium Mode and the mode of active discharge equilibrium are respectively that bidirectional DC power supply is charged and discharged.
- 5. the active equalization method of lithium battery group according to claim 1, it is characterised in that also include to lithium battery monomer The step of carrying out balanced priority ranking, wherein, the absolute value of the capacity difference is bigger, and balanced priority is higher.
- 6. the active equalization method of lithium battery group according to claim 5, it is characterised in that starting to charge up or discharging Afterwards, the active equalization protection to the lithium battery monomer is separately turned on from high to low according to the balanced priority.
- 7. the active equalization method of lithium battery group according to claim 1, it is characterised in that open to the lithium battery list Also include stopping the step of output euqalizing current is to terminate active equalization protection after the step of active equalization protection of body.
- 8. the active equalization method of lithium battery group according to claim 7, it is characterised in that described to stop the balanced electricity of output Flow to be specially the step of terminating active equalization protection：By lithium battery group charge or discharge electric current and lithium battery monomer real time equaliser electric current and to time for balance it is realistic when integrate Value；The real-time integrated value asked for every time is summed, obtains aggregate value method of weighting score value；Detect whether the aggregate value method of weighting score value is equal to the capacity difference, if so, stopping output euqalizing current to terminate active equalization Protection.
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| CN107658914B (en) * | 2016-07-26 | 2019-08-23 | 北京普莱德新能源电池科技有限公司 | A kind of battery electric quantity balance control method and device |
| CN106786893B (en) * | 2016-12-26 | 2019-08-13 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Method and device for acquiring capacity difference between batteries |
| CN113506923B (en) * | 2021-09-09 | 2022-02-18 | 蜂巢能源科技有限公司 | Method for regulating charge of lithium iron phosphate lithium ion battery |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102496979A (en) * | 2011-11-28 | 2012-06-13 | 上海交通大学 | Lithium ion battery pack equalizing circuit with automatic polarity switch |
| CN102645638A (en) * | 2012-04-24 | 2012-08-22 | 中航锂电（洛阳）有限公司 | SOC (Stress Optical Coefficient) estimating method of lithium battery pack |
| CN103094963A (en) * | 2013-01-18 | 2013-05-08 | 李相哲 | Twice battery pack balanced method based on battery power capacity and balanced circuit thereof |
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| US6882129B2 (en) * | 2003-03-26 | 2005-04-19 | General Motors Corporation | Battery pack for a battery-powered vehicle |
| CN102361100B (en) * | 2011-10-19 | 2013-03-06 | 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 | Method for controlling balance of power lithium ion battery |
| CN103501025B (en) * | 2013-09-12 | 2016-03-30 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | A kind of active equalization system of battery pack |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102496979A (en) * | 2011-11-28 | 2012-06-13 | 上海交通大学 | Lithium ion battery pack equalizing circuit with automatic polarity switch |
| CN102645638A (en) * | 2012-04-24 | 2012-08-22 | 中航锂电（洛阳）有限公司 | SOC (Stress Optical Coefficient) estimating method of lithium battery pack |
| CN103094963A (en) * | 2013-01-18 | 2013-05-08 | 李相哲 | Twice battery pack balanced method based on battery power capacity and balanced circuit thereof |
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