CN102496979A - Lithium ion battery pack equalizing circuit with automatic polarity switch - Google Patents
Lithium ion battery pack equalizing circuit with automatic polarity switch Download PDFInfo
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- CN102496979A CN102496979A CN201110385592XA CN201110385592A CN102496979A CN 102496979 A CN102496979 A CN 102496979A CN 201110385592X A CN201110385592X A CN 201110385592XA CN 201110385592 A CN201110385592 A CN 201110385592A CN 102496979 A CN102496979 A CN 102496979A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a lithium ion battery pack equalizing circuit with automatic polarity switch. The circuit comprises two buses used as sampling and equalizing time-sharing multiplexing channels, a relay network, a sampling module, an equalizing module and a computation control module, wherein one end of the relay network is connected with each battery monomer of a lithium ion battery pack, and the other end of the relay network is connected with the two buses so as to realize gating of different battery monomers; the sampling module is connected to the two buses and used for scanning and collecting the voltage of each battery monomer; the equalizing module is connected to the two buses and used for automatically performing polarity switch so as to match the polarities of the two buses and performing equalizing charge or equalizing discharge on each battery monomer; and the computation control module is connected with the relay network, the sampling module and the equalizing module respectively and used for receiving and processing the data from the sampling module in real time and sending an equalizing instruction of the processing result to the relay network and the equalizing module. The lithium ion battery pack equalizing circuit with automatic polarity switch disclosed by the invention is safe and reliable, is simple in structure and low in cost, and is easy to produce in a large scale and suitable for the equalizing process of the lithium ion power battery pack of an electric vehicle formed by connecting battery monomers in series.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the management of charging and discharging device of power lithium-ion battery group, the lithium ion battery group equalizing circuit that particularly a kind of polarity that is used for electric automobile automaticallyes switch belongs to the energy source of car technical field.
Background technology
The development of electric automobile at present is to promote energy-saving and emission-reduction and the important measures that realize the automobile greenization.Critical component as hybrid vehicle; Power accumulator all has significant impact to dynamic property, economy and the fail safe of car load; Therefore, further investigation power accumulator management and balancing technique for the performance that improves hybrid vehicle, guarantee battery safe operation, prolong battery useful life etc. and all have important significance for theories and practical applications value.The voltage of battery cell and capacity are all limited, adopt some cells to be in series so the electrokinetic cell of hybrid vehicle is general.Because the existence of factors such as foozle makes to certainly exist internal resistance, terminal voltage, the isoparametric difference of capacity between each cell; And in use the overcharging of the conversion difference of the ventilation and heat difference between each cell, electric energy chemical energy and battery, overdischarge have further aggravated the inconsistency between each cell.In order to solve this inconsistent influence, in the use of battery pack, just need to adopt the cell balancing measure to the battery pack allomeric function.Battery balanced method generally is divided into following two kinds:
Traditional passive equilibrium method---in battery management system, each battery unit all is connected on the load resistance through a switch, and sort circuit can be to indivedual selected passive discharges of battery unit.But this method only is applicable to that the voltage that under charge mode, suppresses the individual cell unit is soaring, and discharge can only just can be carried out passive unlatching when this monomer battery voltage reaches certain limit of fixed value.Though this type of circuit simply is easy to realize; But for limit dissipation power, general only the permission discharged with the little electric current about 100mA, can be up to several hours thereby the balance that causes charging is consuming time; And since equilibrium be with the energy of high voltage cell through resistance release, so energy loss is very big.
Active balancing method---related data was introduced a variety of active balancing methods, and they all need a memory element that is used to shift energy.If do memory element, with its just huge switch arrays of needs that link to each other with all battery units with electric capacity; If store the energy in the magnetic field; Then the key element in this circuit is a transformer; But the electromagnetism transformation of energy always can not be complete as theoretical, and the various losses of electromagnetism are very large, and it exists complicated circuit, defective that reliability is low; As for using conductive discharge to combine the active equalizing circuit of power source charges, because polarity must be switched according to the different needs of battery cell when equalizing charge, so in case design improperly, can cause that circuit is too complicated, the deficiency of poor stability.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is; To above-mentioned deficiency of the prior art; A kind of safe and reliable, simple in structure, with low cost, lithium ion battery group equalizing circuit that the polarity of being convenient to large-scale production automaticallyes switch is provided, and it realizes the polarity of equalizing charge power supply and the corresponding automatic switchover of bus polarity through hardware, when overcoming simple dependence software control; Software runs and to fly the potential safety hazard brought; Guarantee the normal trouble free service of circuit, thereby realize according to the voltage condition of battery pack and combine the state-of-charge of battery to carry out active charge or equalization discharge, reach the consistent purpose of batteries of electric automobile group performance.
The present invention solves its technical problem through following technical scheme:
The lithium ion battery group equalizing circuit that a kind of polarity automaticallyes switch comprises:
Two buses, the passage of sampling and balanced time-sharing multiplex;
Relay network, an end is connected with each battery cell of lithium ion battery group, and the other end is connected with two buses, realizes the gating to different battery cells;
Sampling module is connected on two buses voltage of each battery cell of scanning collection;
Balance module is connected on two buses, carry out automatically polarity switch with two bus polarities match, and each battery cell carried out equalizing charge or balanced discharge;
Calculation control module is connected with relay network, sampling module and balance module respectively, receives and handle the data from sampling module in real time, sends to relay network and balance module to the equilibrium of result instruction again.
The lithium ion battery group equalizing circuit that polarity of the present invention automaticallyes switch; Its balance module comprises equalizing charge power supply, balanced discharge resistance and the balanced relay network of using; This equilibrium is made up of some channel switchs with relay network; It connects equalizing charge power supply, balanced discharge resistance and two buses respectively; Oppositely be parallel with two diodes and resistance between this two bus, said some channel switchs are by the control coil control that is connected to two level ends, and the level of this two level end is respectively by being connected in the calculation control module level output end and controlled by two coils of two diodes control conducting; Said relay network is made up of some relay switches; Said calculation control module is a single-chip microcomputer.
The present invention is different with existing battery equalizing circuit, has adopted the balanced relay network of using, thereby can on hardware, realize the automatically corresponding switching with bus polarity of balance module polarity with the maintenance coupling, thereby guarantees the normal trouble free service of circuit; When having overcome simple dependence software control; Software runs and to fly the potential safety hazard brought, because iff relies on the closure of single-chip microcomputer by software control relay passage, software then can occur and run the situation that flies; Cause bus polarity and equalizing charge electric power polarity not to be inconsistent; Cause the battery cell equalizing circuit to be closed into path and can not charge, make the short circuit of connecting with balanced power supply of battery cell short circuit or battery cell, thereby cause battery cell or device to burn and produce potential safety hazard; Realized according to the voltage condition of battery pack and to combine the state-of-charge of battery to carry out charge or discharge initiatively balanced.The lithium ion battery group equalizing circuit that said polarity automaticallyes switch is safe and reliable, simple in structure, with low cost, is easy to large-scale production, is applicable to the equilibrium treatment of the used for electric vehicle lithium-ion-power cell group that is in series by battery cell.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the sketch map of relay network of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of balance module of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the balanced structural representation with relay network of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is balanced with one of relay network control principle figure for the present invention.
Fig. 6 is balanced with two of relay network control principle figure for the present invention.
Fig. 7 is balanced with three of relay network control principle figure for the present invention.
Embodiment
For this invention is described better, below in conjunction with specific embodiment and accompanying drawing technical scheme of the present invention is done further to introduce and explanation, but be not limited to this.
See also Fig. 1, the lithium ion battery group equalizing circuit that polarity of the present invention automaticallyes switch comprises two buses, relay network, sampling module, balance module and calculation control module.
Said two buses comprise bus a and bus b, and it has different polarities for the passage of sampling with balanced time-sharing multiplex, and this two bus is connected with relay network, sampling module and balance module respectively.
Said relay network is in order to realize the gating to different battery cells; See also Fig. 2; Its by some relay switch S1, S2, S3, S4 ... Sn forms, and their end is connected with each battery cell of lithium ion battery group, and the other end is connected with b with two bus a.
Said sampling module is in order to the voltage of each battery cell of scanning collection, and it is connected on two buses.
Said balance module can carry out automatically polarity switch with the polarities match of two bus a and b, and each battery cell carried out equalizing charge or balanced discharge.This balance module is connected on two bus a and the b, sees also Fig. 3, and it comprises that equalizing charge power supply, balanced discharge resistance and equilibrium use relay network.See also Fig. 4, said equilibrium is made up of some channel switch K1, K2, K3, K4, K5......Kn with relay network, and it connects equalizing charge power supply, balanced discharge resistance and two bus a and b respectively.See also Fig. 5 again; Said some channel switch K1, K2, K3, K4, K5......Kn are by the control coil control that is connected to two level end SC1 and SC2; Thereby as among the figure, SC1 holds the break-make of level control channel K switch 1, K2, the break-make of SC2 end level control channel K switch 3, K4.See also Fig. 6 again, oppositely be parallel with two diode D1, D2 and two resistance between said two bus a and the b.See also Fig. 7; Said two level end SC1 are connected with the level output end P of calculation control module with L2 through coil L1 respectively with SC2; And two coil L1 and L2 receive two diode D1 and D2 control conducting; Be the control that the break-make of control coil L1 receives the break-make of diode D1 place branch road among Fig. 6, the break-make of coil L2 receives the control of the break-make of diode D2 place branch road, thereby the level of two level end SC1 and SC2 receives the control of the break-make of two diode D1 and D2 respectively.In brief; The said balanced control principle of relay network that uses does; The break-make of two diode D1 and D2 is controlled the break-make of two coil L1 and L2; The break-make of two coil L1 and L2 has determined the height of two level end SC1 and SC2 level, passes through the break-make of control coil control channel K switch 1, K2, K3, K4, K5......Kn then, thereby realizes the automatic matched transform of balance module polarity and bus polarity.
Said calculation control module is connected with relay network, sampling module and balance module respectively, receives and handle the data from sampling module in the time of in fact, sends to relay network and balance module to the equilibrium of result instruction again.Said calculation control module can be single-chip microcomputer.
Illustrate balance module below and realize the mode of its polarity and the automatic corresponding conversion of bus polarity through Fig. 6 and control circuit shown in Figure 7.For example the odd indexed No. 3 battery cell needs charge balancing, and this moment, bus polarity was that bus a is high, and bus b is low; Like Fig. 6 and shown in Figure 7, the passage energising of diode D2 place, thereby coil L2 conduction, and P holds by Single-chip Controlling output+5V high level, so SC1 is a high level, SC2 is a low level; Can know that by Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 balanced relay network is chosen charge tunnel, promptly close passage K switch 1, K2 break off channel switch K3, K4, K5, have realized that balance module polarity conforms to bus polarity.Correspondingly, if the battery cell of even number needs equalizing charge, then polarity is that bus a is low; Bus b is high, the passage energising of diode D1 place, thereby coil L1 conduction; The P end is+the 5V high level that so SC1 is a low level, SC2 is a high level equally; Then channel switch K3, K4 are closed, and channel switch K1, K2 break off, and have realized that balance module polarity conforms to bus polarity.
Introduce working method of the present invention with a specific embodiment below.
As shown in Figure 1, the lithium ion battery group equalizing circuit that said polarity automaticallyes switch carries out balanced management to one group of 90 monomer series-connected power battery pack that forms of batteries, and this 90 batteries monomer is divided into 6 identical groups, every group of 15 battery cells.Because 6 groups be duplicate, thus just only with regard to wherein one group introduce, the required relay network of a Battery pack group is 16 passages of needs altogether.In the present embodiment, being operated in the one-period of equalizing circuit can be divided into three phases.
Phase I is the scanning sample stage, makes the relay switch S1, S2 passage of relay network shown in Figure 2 closed through control module, No. 1 battery cell of gating; No. 1 battery cell promptly is communicated with two buses through relay network, and two buses are communicated with sampling module, balance module, but this two module does not enable simultaneously; Enable at this stage sampling module; Gather battery cell voltage No. 1, and be sent to calculation control module after converting digital signal to, then relay switch S1, S2 passage; Closing relay switch S 2, S3 passage again; No. 2 battery cell of gating to No. 2 battery cell sampling, sampled up to No. 15 battery cell so successively.After 15 battery cell samplings were accomplished, calculation control module was with the voltage data packing of 15 battery cells, and so far first stage accomplishes.
Second stage is that calculation control module is carried out data processing, and whether according to the electric voltage equalization threshold values of setting, calculating needs equilibrium, which battery cell is carried out balanced command informations such as equilibrium, time for balance.
Phase III is a balance stage, and calculation control module sends to relay network and balance module according to the result that obtains with the equilibrium instruction; If do not need equilibrium then directly skip this stage or should the stage not do any action; Balanced if desired, then calculation control module control relay network is chosen passage, and the battery cell that needs equilibrium treatment is communicated with two buses; Balance module enables simultaneously, according to the equilibrium instruction that receives this battery cell is carried out the equilibrium action.
If battery cell needs balanced discharge, then channel switch K5 is closed, connects discharge resistance and discharges.Detailed process is following: P shown in Figure 7 end output low level, and then SC1 and SC2 end is low level, so channel switch K1, K2, K3, K4 all break off, while calculation control module control channel K switch 5 closures have realized balanced discharge.
In the above-mentioned balancing procedure, concrete time for balance is relevant with factors such as battery capacity, battery quality, in the program of calculation control module, sets.Euqalizing current size is calculated as follows: during equalizing charge, and electric current I=(V-Vb)/2r, equalizing charge supply voltage V=5 volt, battery cell voltage Vb are got 3V calculating, relay r=10 ohm of choosing in the foregoing description, then equalizing charge electric current I=100 milliampere; When balanced discharge, electric current I=Vb/ (2r+R), battery cell voltage Vb gets 3.6 volts of calculating, and relay resistance r still is 10 ohm, and balanced discharge resistance is chosen 10 ohm, then discharging current I=120 milliampere.Two kinds of situation euqalizing current sizes are all very reasonable.
Three phases periodic duty like this realizes the dynamic equalization to battery pack, and can on algorithm, combine the state-of-charge of battery to adopt the multiple different scheme that discharges and recharges.The lithium ion battery group equalizing circuit that automaticallyes switch through evidence polarity of the present invention has portfolio effect preferably.
Claims (4)
1. the lithium ion battery group equalizing circuit that automaticallyes switch of a polarity, it is characterized in that: said equalizing circuit comprises:
Two buses, the passage of sampling and balanced time-sharing multiplex;
Relay network, an end is connected with each battery cell of lithium ion battery group, and the other end is connected with two buses, realizes the gating to different battery cells;
Sampling module is connected on two buses voltage of each battery cell of scanning collection;
Balance module is connected on two buses, carry out automatically polarity switch with two bus polarities match, and each battery cell carried out equalizing charge or balanced discharge;
Calculation control module is connected with relay network, sampling module and balance module respectively, receives and handle the data from sampling module in real time, sends to relay network and balance module to the equilibrium of result instruction again.
2. the lithium ion battery group equalizing circuit that polarity according to claim 1 automaticallyes switch; It is characterized in that: said balance module comprises equalizing charge power supply, balanced discharge resistance and the balanced relay network of using; This equilibrium is made up of some channel switchs with relay network; It connects equalizing charge power supply, balanced discharge resistance and two buses respectively; Oppositely be parallel with two diodes and resistance between this two bus, said some channel switchs are by the control coil control that is connected to two level ends, and the level of this two level end is respectively by being connected in the calculation control module level output end and controlled by two coils of two diodes control conducting.
3. the lithium ion battery group equalizing circuit that polarity according to claim 1 and 2 automaticallyes switch, it is characterized in that: said relay network is made up of some relay switches.
4. the lithium ion battery group equalizing circuit that polarity according to claim 1 and 2 automaticallyes switch, it is characterized in that: said calculation control module is a single-chip microcomputer.
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| CN201110385592XA CN102496979A (en) | 2011-11-28 | 2011-11-28 | Lithium ion battery pack equalizing circuit with automatic polarity switch |
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| CN201110385592XA CN102496979A (en) | 2011-11-28 | 2011-11-28 | Lithium ion battery pack equalizing circuit with automatic polarity switch |
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Cited By (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102769316A (en) * | 2012-07-20 | 2012-11-07 | 上海交通大学 | Battery selective equalization method |
| CN102842953A (en) * | 2012-08-16 | 2012-12-26 | 华中科技大学 | Double-power automatic conversion switch device |
| CN102842954A (en) * | 2012-08-16 | 2012-12-26 | 华中科技大学 | Double-power automatic conversion switch device with power being bidirectionally flowing |
| CN104578286A (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2015-04-29 | 深圳市科陆电子科技股份有限公司 | Active equalization method of lithium battery pack |
| CN106471699A (en) * | 2016-07-15 | 2017-03-01 | 深圳市科列技术股份有限公司 | A kind of dynamic equalization circuit of battery management system and its method for dynamically balancing |
| CN106532151A (en) * | 2016-12-07 | 2017-03-22 | 上海空间电源研究所 | Balance execution apparatus for single lithium ion storage battery |
| CN106549454A (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2017-03-29 | 深圳晶福源科技股份有限公司 | A kind of voltage sample and the conllinear battery management system of electric quantity balancing and management method |
| CN106602668A (en) * | 2017-01-20 | 2017-04-26 | 深圳晶福源科技股份有限公司 | Battery management system and management method for two-way full-time electric quantity equalization |
| WO2018157534A1 (en) * | 2017-02-28 | 2018-09-07 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Balancing method and device for energy storage battery management system and energy storage battery management system |
| WO2018196163A1 (en) * | 2017-04-25 | 2018-11-01 | 深圳市海云图新能源有限公司 | Lithium battery pack protection system |
| CN108931743A (en) * | 2018-10-10 | 2018-12-04 | 北京动力京工科技有限公司 | A kind of high performance battery string detection device and detection method |
| CN109428357A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2019-03-05 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Battery equalization method, system, vehicle, storage medium and electronic equipment |
| WO2019042365A1 (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2019-03-07 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Battery equalization method and system, vehicle, storage medium, and electronic device |
| CN109435777A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2019-03-08 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Battery equalization system, vehicle, battery equalization method and storage medium |
| CN109435772A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2019-03-08 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Battery equalization system, vehicle, battery equalization method and storage medium |
| CN110015173A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2019-07-16 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Battery equalization system, vehicle, battery equalization method and storage medium |
| CN110015129A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2019-07-16 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Battery equalization method, system, vehicle, storage medium and electronic equipment |
| CN110015130A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2019-07-16 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Battery equalization system, vehicle, battery equalization method and storage medium |
| CN111446760A (en) * | 2020-04-14 | 2020-07-24 | 深圳欣旺达智能科技有限公司 | Battery equalization management method, circuit, device and storage medium |
| CN112332476A (en) * | 2020-10-20 | 2021-02-05 | 西安工程大学 | Automatic polarity switching circuit for single batteries in series battery pack |
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| CN102769316A (en) * | 2012-07-20 | 2012-11-07 | 上海交通大学 | Battery selective equalization method |
| CN102842954B (en) * | 2012-08-16 | 2015-09-23 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of dual power automatic transfer switching equipment of to and fro flow of power |
| CN102842953A (en) * | 2012-08-16 | 2012-12-26 | 华中科技大学 | Double-power automatic conversion switch device |
| CN102842954A (en) * | 2012-08-16 | 2012-12-26 | 华中科技大学 | Double-power automatic conversion switch device with power being bidirectionally flowing |
| CN104578286B (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2017-12-22 | 深圳市科陆电子科技股份有限公司 | The active equalization method of lithium battery group |
| CN104578286A (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2015-04-29 | 深圳市科陆电子科技股份有限公司 | Active equalization method of lithium battery pack |
| CN106471699A (en) * | 2016-07-15 | 2017-03-01 | 深圳市科列技术股份有限公司 | A kind of dynamic equalization circuit of battery management system and its method for dynamically balancing |
| CN106532151A (en) * | 2016-12-07 | 2017-03-22 | 上海空间电源研究所 | Balance execution apparatus for single lithium ion storage battery |
| CN106549454A (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2017-03-29 | 深圳晶福源科技股份有限公司 | A kind of voltage sample and the conllinear battery management system of electric quantity balancing and management method |
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| CN108931743A (en) * | 2018-10-10 | 2018-12-04 | 北京动力京工科技有限公司 | A kind of high performance battery string detection device and detection method |
| CN111446760A (en) * | 2020-04-14 | 2020-07-24 | 深圳欣旺达智能科技有限公司 | Battery equalization management method, circuit, device and storage medium |
| CN111446760B (en) * | 2020-04-14 | 2024-01-16 | 深圳欣旺达智能科技有限公司 | Battery equalization management method, circuit, device and storage medium |
| CN113541224A (en) * | 2020-04-16 | 2021-10-22 | 财团法人工业技术研究院 | Battery system, control method of voltage balance program and calculation method of balance electric quantity |
| CN113541224B (en) * | 2020-04-16 | 2024-02-06 | 财团法人工业技术研究院 | Battery system, control method of voltage balancing program and calculation method of balanced electric quantity |
| CN112332476A (en) * | 2020-10-20 | 2021-02-05 | 西安工程大学 | Automatic polarity switching circuit for single batteries in series battery pack |
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Application publication date: 20120613 |