CN110015173B - Battery equalization system, vehicle, battery equalization method, and storage medium - Google Patents
Battery equalization system, vehicle, battery equalization method, and storage medium Download PDFInfo
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- CN110015173B CN110015173B CN201710775028.6A CN201710775028A CN110015173B CN 110015173 B CN110015173 B CN 110015173B CN 201710775028 A CN201710775028 A CN 201710775028A CN 110015173 B CN110015173 B CN 110015173B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 abstract description 25
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
- B60L58/20—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having different nominal voltages
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0019—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using switched or multiplexed charge circuits
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Abstract
The present disclosure discloses a battery equalization system, a vehicle, a battery equalization method, and a storage medium. The battery balancing system comprises a collecting module, a balancing module and a control module, wherein the control module is selectively connected with the collecting module and the balancing module corresponding to the same single battery through a control channel; when the control module is connected with the acquisition module, the acquisition module is used for acquiring parameter information of the single batteries in the battery pack; when the control module is connected with the equalization module, the equalization module is used for performing equalization processing on the single batteries in the battery pack. Because the control module in the present disclosure multiplexes one control channel with the voltage sampling module and the equalization module of each single battery in a time-sharing manner, the channel number requirement on the control module is reduced, and the hardware cost is further reduced; and because the battery sampling and the balancing are carried out separately, the balancing current does not influence the battery voltage, thereby improving the accuracy of battery voltage sampling.
Description
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to the field of battery pack balancing, and in particular, to a battery balancing system, a vehicle, a battery balancing method, and a storage medium.
Background
In an electric vehicle, a battery pack is an important component thereof. Because the battery pack is formed by connecting a plurality of single batteries in series, the difference among the single batteries in the battery pack gradually expands along with the use of the batteries, so that the consistency among the single batteries is poor. The battery pack capacity cannot be fully exerted due to the short plate effect of the battery, resulting in a reduction in the overall capacity of the battery pack. Therefore, the battery pack of the electric automobile is effectively and uniformly managed, the consistency of each single battery in the battery pack is improved, the capacity loss of the battery is reduced, the service life of the battery and the driving range of the electric automobile are prolonged, and the method has very important significance.
In related equalization techniques, a battery equalization system generally includes: each battery information collector comprises a control unit, a battery sampling circuit, a battery balancing circuit and other three modules, and the battery sampling circuit and the battery balancing circuit respectively apply different channels. Each single battery of the battery pack is provided with a battery detection circuit channel and a battery equalization circuit channel. The working flow is as follows: the battery sampling circuit is responsible for sampling battery voltage information in real time, the control unit of the battery information acquisition unit sends battery sampling information to the battery management controller, the battery management controller judges whether equalization needs to be started or not, then an equalization instruction is sent to the control unit of the battery information acquisition unit, and the control unit of the battery information acquisition unit controls the battery equalization circuit to start equalization.
In the practical application of the related equalization technology, as a control channel is needed between the control unit and the voltage sampling circuit and the equalization circuit of each single battery, the channel number requirement on the controller is increased, and the hardware cost is higher; and because the battery sampling and the balancing are performed simultaneously, the balancing current can influence the battery voltage, thereby influencing the accuracy of the battery voltage sampling.
Disclosure of Invention
The disclosure aims to provide a battery balancing system, a vehicle, a battery balancing method and a storage medium, which are used for solving the technical problem of higher hardware cost of the battery balancing system in the related art.
In order to achieve the above object, the present disclosure provides a battery equalization system, including an acquisition module, an equalization module, and a control module, where the control module is selectively connected with the acquisition module and the equalization module corresponding to the same unit battery through one control channel;
when the control module is connected with the acquisition module, the acquisition module is used for acquiring parameter information of the single batteries in the battery pack;
when the control module is connected with the equalization module, the equalization module is used for performing equalization treatment on the single batteries in the battery pack;
The control module is used for controlling the equalization module to perform equalization processing on the single batteries needing to be opened when the single batteries in the battery pack are determined to be opened for equalization according to the parameter information of the single batteries in the battery pack.
Optionally, the control module comprises a control chip, the control chip is connected with the acquisition module and the equalization module corresponding to the same single battery through a pin, and the pin is connected with the equalization module and the acquisition module through the control channel.
Optionally, the battery equalization system is used for a plurality of single batteries, the control module comprises a control chip, and the single batteries are connected with a plurality of pins of the control chip in a one-to-one correspondence manner through a plurality of channels.
Optionally, the control module includes a first control unit disposed on the battery information collector and a second control unit disposed on the battery management controller, where the first control unit and the second control unit selectively perform equalization control on the unit batteries to be equalized.
Optionally, the collecting module includes a collecting circuit, the balancing module includes a balancing circuit, the collecting circuit and the balancing circuit of the same single battery are both connected with the control module through a selection switch, and the selection switch is selectively connected with the collecting circuit or the balancing circuit.
Optionally, when the control module determines that the unit cells in the battery pack do not need to be balanced, the acquisition module corresponding to the unit cells is connected with the control module through the corresponding control channels; or when the control module determines that the single batteries in the battery pack need to be balanced, the acquisition module and the balancing module corresponding to the single batteries are connected to the control module in a time-sharing manner.
Optionally, the control module is further configured to control the equalization module to perform equalization processing on the unit battery to be balanced according to a target equalization duration and an equalization duty cycle of the unit battery to be balanced, where the target equalization duration and the equalization duty cycle are obtained from the parameter information of the battery pack, and the equalization duty cycle is a ratio of a duration of the equalization module occupying the control channel to a total duration of the control channel occupied.
Optionally, the control module is further configured to determine an equalization period and an acquisition period according to the target equalization duration and the equalization duty cycle, where a sum of the equalization period and the acquisition period is equal to a total duration of occupied control channels; in the balancing time period, the control channel is communicated with the balancing module so that the balancing module performs balancing treatment on the single batteries in the battery pack; and in the acquisition time period, the control channel is communicated with the acquisition module so that the acquisition module acquires the parameter information of the battery pack.
Optionally, the control module is configured to obtain the target equalization duration of the unit cell to be balanced by:
determining whether single batteries in the battery pack need to be balanced or not according to the parameter information of the battery pack acquired by the acquisition module;
when it is determined that the battery pack has single batteries to be balanced, calculating target balanced duration of the single batteries to be balanced according to parameter information of the battery pack.
Optionally, a control switch is arranged on the control channel; when the acquisition module is required to acquire parameter information of the battery pack, the control module controls the control switch to be connected with the acquisition module so that the control channel is communicated with the acquisition module; when the equalization module is required to perform equalization processing on the single batteries in the battery pack, the control module controls the control switch to be connected with the equalization module, so that the control channel is communicated with the equalization module.
Optionally, the control switch is a single-pole double-throw switch, the control module is connected to the movable end of the single-pole double-throw switch, the acquisition module is connected to the first stationary end of the single-pole double-throw switch, and the equalization module is connected to the second stationary end of the single-pole double-throw switch.
Optionally, when the unit cells in the battery pack do not need to be subjected to equalization processing, the acquisition module of the unit cells is connected with the control module through the corresponding control channels.
Optionally, the control module is further configured to control the equalization module to discharge the unit battery when a difference between the voltage of the unit battery and the minimum voltage in each unit battery is greater than a preset voltage difference threshold.
Optionally, the control module is further configured to control the equalization module to charge the unit cells when a difference between the voltage of the unit cells and the maximum voltage in each unit cell is greater than a preset voltage difference threshold.
Optionally, the parameter information of the battery pack includes at least one of a voltage value, an SOC value, a self-discharge rate, an internal resistance value of the unit cell, a current value, and a temperature value.
The disclosure also provides a vehicle comprising the battery equalization system.
The present disclosure also provides a battery equalization method, applied to a battery equalization system,
the battery equalization system comprises a control module, an acquisition module and an equalization module; the control module is connected with the acquisition module and the equalization module corresponding to the same single battery in the battery pack through a control channel, and the acquisition module and the equalization module are used for multiplexing the control channel in a time-sharing way; the method comprises the following steps:
Communicating the control channel with the acquisition module;
parameter information of single batteries in the battery pack is collected through the collection module;
determining that single batteries in the battery pack need to be balanced according to parameter information of the battery pack through the control module;
the control channel is communicated with an equalization module corresponding to the single battery to be opened for equalization;
and controlling the equalization module to perform equalization processing on the single batteries needing to be opened and equalized through the control module.
Optionally, the determining, by the control module, that the battery pack has a single battery to be balanced according to the parameter information of the battery pack includes:
determining the single battery to be balanced, the target balanced duration and the balanced duty ratio of the single battery to be balanced, wherein the target balanced duration and the balanced duty ratio are the ratio of the duration of the balanced module occupying the control channel to the total duration of the control channel occupied by the control module according to the parameter information of the battery pack;
the controlling, by the control module, the balancing module to perform balancing processing on the unit battery to be balanced, including:
And controlling the balancing module to perform balancing treatment on the single battery to be balanced according to the target balancing duration and the balancing duty ratio of the single battery to be balanced.
Optionally, the method further comprises:
determining, by the control module, an equalization time period and an acquisition time period according to the target equalization time period and the equalization duty cycle, where a sum of the equalization time period and the acquisition time period is equal to a total time period of the control channel occupied;
the communicating the control channel with the acquisition module includes:
in the acquisition time period, the control channel is communicated with the acquisition module;
the step of communicating the control channel with an equalization module corresponding to the single battery to be equalized, comprises the following steps:
and in the equalization time period, the control channel is communicated with an equalization module corresponding to the single battery to be opened for equalization.
Optionally, the determining, according to the parameter information of the battery pack, the target equalization duration of the unit battery to be balanced includes:
determining whether single batteries in the battery pack need to be balanced or not according to the acquired parameter information of the battery pack;
And when the fact that the single batteries in the battery pack need to be balanced is determined, calculating the target balanced duration of the single batteries needing to be balanced.
Optionally, when the unit cells in the battery pack do not need to be subjected to equalization processing, the method further includes:
and connecting the acquisition module of the single battery with the control module through the corresponding control channel.
Optionally, the controlling, by the control module, the balancing module to perform balancing processing on the unit battery that needs to be balanced, includes:
and the control module controls the equalization module to discharge the single batteries which need to be opened for equalization.
Optionally, the controlling, by the control module, the balancing module to perform balancing processing on the unit battery that needs to be balanced, includes:
and the control module controls the equalization module to charge the single batteries which need to be opened for equalization.
The present disclosure also provides a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon computer program instructions which, when executed by a processor, implement the above-described battery equalization method.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the disclosure can comprise the following beneficial effects:
Because the control module in the present disclosure multiplexes one channel with the voltage sampling circuit and the equalizing circuit of each single battery in a time-sharing manner, the number of channels required for the control module is reduced, and the hardware cost is further reduced; and because the battery sampling and the balancing are carried out separately, the balancing current does not influence the battery voltage, thereby improving the accuracy of battery voltage sampling.
Additional features and advantages of the present disclosure will be set forth in the detailed description which follows.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate the disclosure and together with the description serve to explain, but do not limit the disclosure. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a battery equalization system according to an exemplary embodiment.
Fig. 2 is another block diagram of a battery equalization system, according to an exemplary embodiment.
Fig. 3 is a flow chart illustrating a method of battery equalization according to an exemplary embodiment.
Fig. 4 is another flow chart illustrating a battery equalization method according to an exemplary embodiment.
Fig. 5 is a flowchart illustrating a method for balancing a battery according to an exemplary embodiment, including determining a battery cell to be balanced and a target balancing duration thereof.
Fig. 6 is another flow chart illustrating a battery equalization method according to an exemplary embodiment.
Fig. 7 is another flow chart illustrating a battery equalization method according to an exemplary embodiment.
Detailed Description
Specific embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating and illustrating the disclosure, are not intended to limit the disclosure.
Fig. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a battery equalization system according to an exemplary embodiment. As shown in fig. 1, the battery balancing system includes an acquisition module 12, a balancing module 13, and a control module 14, where the battery pack 11 is formed by connecting a plurality of unit batteries 111 in series.
In fig. 1, the control module 14 is connected to the acquisition module 12 and the equalization module 13 corresponding to the same single cell 111 through a control channel 140, and the acquisition module 12 and the equalization module 13 time-division multiplex the control channel 140. The control module 14 includes a control chip, the control chip is connected with the acquisition module 12 and the equalization module 13 corresponding to the same single battery 111 through a pin, and the pin is connected with the equalization module 13 and the acquisition module 12 through the control channel 140.
The present disclosure corresponds to the acquisition module 12 and the equalization module 13 of the same single battery 111 sharing one control channel 140 of the control module 14, so that the number of channels of the required control module 14 is reduced, thereby reducing the number of channels required for the control module 14.
For example, when the existing acquisition module and equalization module are respectively connected with the control module through one control channel, the N single batteries correspond to 2N control channels. The acquisition module and the equalization module of the same single battery share one control channel to be connected with the control module, and N single batteries correspond to N control channels, so that the number of the control channels can be reduced, and the cost of the control module is reduced.
When the existing acquisition module and equalization module are respectively connected with the control module through one control channel, the N single batteries correspond to 2N control channels, and the 2N control channels are required to be controlled. The acquisition module and the equalization module of the same single battery share one control channel of the control module, so that N single batteries correspond to N control channels, and only the N control channels are required to be controlled, thus the control flow can be simplified, and the misoperation rate of the control module is reduced.
When the existing acquisition module and equalization module are respectively connected with the control module through one control channel, the N single batteries correspond to 2N control channels, and the qualification rate of the control module connected through the control channels is determined by the qualification rate of the 2N control channels. The acquisition module and the equalization module of the same single battery share one control channel of the control module, N single batteries correspond to the N control channels, the qualification rate of the control module connected through the control channels is determined by the qualification rate of the N control channels, and therefore the total qualification rate of the control module connected through the control channels by a plurality of single batteries in the whole system can be improved, and the qualification rate of the battery equalization system is further improved.
As shown in fig. 1, the collecting module 12 is configured to collect parameter information of the unit cells 111 in the battery pack 11, and send the collected parameter information of the battery pack to the control module 14, where the unit cells 111 in the battery pack 11 are in one-to-one correspondence with the collecting module 12. Wherein, the parameter information comprises information such as battery voltage, temperature and the like. The control module 14 communicates the control channel 140 with the collection module 12, so as to control the collection module 12 to collect parameter information of the battery pack 11.
In one embodiment, the control module 14 communicates the control channel 140 with the acquisition module 12 during an acquisition period of a unit cycle, and further acquires parameter information of the battery pack 11 through the acquisition module 12, where the unit cycle includes the acquisition period and an equalization period, and the parameter information of the battery pack 11 includes at least one of a voltage value, an SOC value, a self-discharge rate, an internal resistance value of a battery cell, a current value, and a temperature value.
It should be noted that, during the collecting period, all the collecting modules 12 operate simultaneously, and all the equalizing modules 13 stop operating, that is, the battery information of each unit battery 111 in the battery pack 11 is collected synchronously.
Specifically, in a sampling period of a unit cycle, the acquisition module acquires battery information of each single battery of the battery pack, and the control module determines the single battery to be balanced. And in the equalization period of the unit period, equalizing the single batteries which need to be equalized. And in the equalization period, stopping acquiring the battery information of the corresponding single battery for the single battery which does not need to be equalized. Through such scheme, the balancing module carries out balancing processing on the battery pack and the collecting module carries out the collection of battery information independently in time intervals, mutual noninterference can be avoided, the collection of battery information and the balancing of the single battery are carried out simultaneously, thereby avoiding the influence of balancing current on the collection of the battery information of the single battery and improving the accuracy of the battery information sampling of the single battery.
As shown in fig. 1, the control module 14 is connected to the acquisition module 12 and the equalization module 13. When the control channel 140 is connected to the acquisition module 12, the control module 14 is configured to receive parameter information of the battery pack 11. When the control module 14 determines that the unit cells 111 to be balanced are present in the plurality of unit cells 111 according to the parameter information of the battery pack 11, the control module 14 communicates the control channel 140 with the balancing module 13, so that the balancing module 13 performs balancing processing on the unit cells 111.
In one embodiment, the control module 14 determines the unit cells 111 to be balanced, and controls the balancing module 13 corresponding to the unit cells 111 to be balanced to balance the unit cells 111 in the balancing time period of one or more unit periods according to the target balancing time length of the unit cells 111 to be balanced, so that the accumulated balancing time length of the unit cells 111 in the balancing time period of one or more unit periods reaches the corresponding target balancing time length.
As shown in fig. 1, the equalization module 13 is configured to perform equalization processing on the unit cells 111 in the battery pack 11, where the unit cells 111 in the battery pack 11 are in one-to-one correspondence with the equalization module 13. When the battery pack 11 has the battery cells 111 to be balanced, the control module 14 communicates the control channel 140 with the balancing module 13, so as to control the balancing module 13 to perform balancing processing on the battery cells 111 to be balanced.
In one embodiment, the control module 14 stops acquiring the parameter information of the corresponding unit cell 111 for the unit cell 111 that does not need to be equalized during the equalization period of the one or more unit cycles, until the acquisition period of the next unit cycle, that is,
in the equalization period, only the equalization module 13 corresponding to the cell 111 to be equalized works and the equalization processing for each cell 111 is performed simultaneously, and the equalization module 13 corresponding to the cell 111 except the cell 111 to be equalized and all the acquisition modules 12 in the battery pack 11 stop working.
In one embodiment, after the parameter information of each single cell 111 is obtained, the performance parameter and the performance parameter reference value of each single cell 111 may be determined, the single cell 111 to be balanced is determined according to the performance parameter and the performance parameter reference value of each single cell 111, and the single cell 111 to be balanced is balanced according to the corresponding balancing mode in the balancing judgment mode.
Referring to table 1 below, when the parameter information is the SOC value, the internal resistance value of the battery cell, the self-discharge rate, the voltage change rate, the electric quantity change rate, or the time change rate, respectively, the correspondence relationship between the method of the battery cell to be equalized and the equalization method is determined.
TABLE 1
In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the self-discharge rate of the unit cell refers to the capacity of the unit cell to hold the stored electric quantity under a certain condition in an open state (i.e., stop charging or stopping discharging). The self-discharge rate of the single battery is an important parameter for representing the characteristics of the single battery, and the capacity loss condition and the capacity loss rate of the single battery can be effectively represented.
The voltage change rate of the unit cell refers to the voltage change rate of the unit cell during the charge (or discharge) process, and includes the change rate dv/dt of the voltage with the charge (or discharge) time and the change rate dv/dq of the voltage with the capacity.
The change rate of the electric quantity of the single battery refers to the electric quantity which is required to be charged (or discharged) by one unit voltage, namely dq/dv, when the single battery is charged (or discharged).
The time rate of change of the unit cell refers to the time required for the unit cell to rise (or fall) the same voltage value, i.e., dt/dv, during the charge (or discharge) of the unit cell.
Passive equalization refers to discharging the unit cells 111 that need to be equalized. For example, the balancing module 13 is provided with a resistor connected in parallel with the unit cells 111 to be balanced, and the control module 14 controls the parallel circuit between the unit cells 111 to be balanced and the corresponding resistor to be conducted in the balancing period of the unit cycle, so as to perform passive balancing on the unit cells 111, so as to achieve the balancing effect of each unit cell 111 in the battery pack 11. Optionally, the resistor may be a positive temperature coefficient thermistor, and its resistance value may change along with a change of temperature, so as to adjust an equalization current generated during equalization, further automatically adjust a heating value of the battery equalization system, and finally effectively control the temperature of the battery equalization system.
When the battery balancing system performs balancing processing on the battery cells in a passive balancing manner, that is, discharges the battery cells 111 to be balanced, the control module 14 may further determine that the battery cells 111 to be balanced are required to be balanced by:
firstly, taking the minimum voltage value among the voltage values of the single batteries 111 in the battery pack 11 as a reference voltage value according to the voltage values of the single batteries 111 in the battery pack 11 acquired by the acquisition module 12;
then, according to the voltage difference between the voltage value of each unit cell 111 in the battery pack 11 and the reference voltage value, the unit cell 111 with the voltage difference greater than or equal to the preset voltage difference threshold is determined as the unit cell 111 that needs to be balanced.
The active equalization means that the equalization module 13 adopts an equalization processing manner of charging the unit cell 111 to be equalized, for example, the unit cell 111 to be equalized is connected to a generator or a battery of a vehicle, and then the unit cell 111 to be equalized is charged through the generator or the battery.
When the battery balancing system performs balancing processing on the battery cells in an active balancing manner, that is, charges the battery cells 111 that need to be balanced, the control module 14 may determine that the battery cells 111 that need to be balanced are balanced by:
Firstly, taking the maximum voltage value of the voltage values of the battery cells 111 in the battery pack 11 as a reference voltage value according to the voltage values of the battery cells 111 in the battery pack 11 acquired by the acquisition module 12;
then, according to the voltage difference between the voltage value of each unit cell 111 in the battery pack 11 and the reference voltage value, the unit cell 111 with the voltage difference greater than or equal to the preset voltage difference threshold is determined as the unit cell 111 that needs to be balanced.
Alternatively, when the unit cells 111 in the battery pack 11 do not need to be subjected to the equalization process, the collection module 12 of the unit cell 111 is connected to the control module 14 through the corresponding control channel 140. That is, when the control module 14 determines that the cell 111 finishes balancing, the control module 14 disconnects the balancing module 13 corresponding to the cell 111 from the control channel 140, and controls the acquisition module 12 corresponding to the cell 111 to be connected to the control channel 140.
Optionally, the control module 14 may further control the equalization module 13 to perform equalization processing on the unit cells 111 to be balanced according to the target equalization duration of the unit cells 111 to be balanced, which is determined by the parameter information of the battery pack 11. The control module 14 may obtain the target equalization duration of the unit cells 111 that need to be equalized by: determining whether the battery pack 11 has single batteries 111 to be balanced or not according to the parameter information of the battery pack 11 acquired by the acquisition module 12; when it is determined that the battery pack 11 has the battery cells 111 that need to be balanced, a target balancing duration of the battery cells 111 that need to be balanced is calculated according to the parameter information of the battery pack 11.
For example, the minimum voltage value among the voltage values of the individual battery cells 111 of the battery pack 11 may be used as the reference voltage value, and the preset voltage difference threshold may be 5mV (or other values). Firstly, the control module 14 communicates the control channel 140 with the collection module 12, so as to control the collection module 12 to collect the voltage values of the individual cells 111 of the battery pack 11;
next, the control module 14 obtains the minimum voltage value Vmin of each unit cell 111 through comparison, and determines whether the difference between the voltage value of each unit cell 111 of the battery pack 11 and Vmin is less than 5mV. If so, the battery pack 11 has good equalization consistency and does not need equalization; if the voltage is larger than 5mV, the single battery 111 with the difference from the Vmin being larger than 5mV is used as the single battery 111 needing to be started and balanced.
Then, after determining the cell 111 to be balanced, the target balancing duration of the cell 111 to be balanced may be calculated according to the voltage value and Vmin of the cell 111 to be balanced, and then the control module 14 communicates the control channel 140 with the balancing module 13, and then the control module 14 controls the balancing module 13 to discharge the cell 111 to be balanced according to the target balancing duration of the cell 111 to be balanced.
Then, after the discharging starts, the control module 14 counts the discharging time length of the balancing module 13 for the unit cell 111 to be balanced, and stops discharging when the difference value between the discharging time length of the unit cell 111 and the target balancing time length is within a threshold value range, and the balancing ends. The control module 14 disconnects the equalization module 13 corresponding to the single battery 111 from the control channel 140, and controls the acquisition module 12 corresponding to the single battery 111 to be communicated with the control channel 140.
Because the control module in the present disclosure multiplexes one channel with the voltage sampling module and the equalization module of each single battery in a time-sharing manner, the number of channels required for the control module is reduced, and the hardware cost is further reduced; and because the battery sampling and the balancing are carried out separately, the balancing current does not influence the battery voltage, thereby improving the accuracy of battery voltage sampling.
With continued reference to fig. 1, the control module 14 may further control the equalization module 13 to perform equalization processing on the unit cells 111 that need to be opened for equalization according to the target equalization duration and an equalization duty ratio, where the equalization duty ratio is a ratio of a duration of the equalization module 13 occupying the control channel 140 to a total duration of the control channel 140 occupied; the total duration of the control channel 140 occupied includes the duration of the equalization module 13 occupying the control channel 140 and the duration of the acquisition module 12 occupying the control channel 140.
As shown in fig. 1, first, the control module 14 communicates the control channel 140 with the acquisition module 12, so as to control the acquisition module 12 to acquire parameter information of the battery pack 11; next, when the control module 14 determines that the battery cells 111 in the battery pack 11 need to be balanced according to the parameter information of the battery cells 111 in the battery pack 11, the control module obtains a target balanced duration and a balanced duty ratio of the battery cells 111 needing to be balanced, and communicates the control channel 140 with the balancing module 13 corresponding to the battery cells 111 needing to be balanced; then, the control module 14 controls the equalization module 13 to perform equalization processing on the unit cells 111 to be balanced according to the target equalization duration and the equalization duty ratio of the unit cells 111 to be balanced.
Optionally, the control module 14 determines an equalization period and an acquisition period according to the target equalization period and the equalization duty cycle, where a sum of the equalization period and the acquisition period is equal to a total length of time the control channel 140 is occupied; during the collecting period, the control channel 140 is communicated with the collecting module 12, so that the collecting module 12 collects the parameter information of the battery pack 11; in the balancing period, the control channel 140 is connected to the balancing module 13 that needs to perform balancing processing, so that the balancing module 13 performs balancing processing on the unit cells 111 that need to be balanced in the battery pack 11.
In one embodiment, the equalization period of the unit cells to be equalized may be set in advance, for example, according to a plurality of equalization experiments or experience.
Fig. 2 is another block diagram of a battery equalization system, according to an exemplary embodiment. As shown in fig. 2, the battery equalization system includes an acquisition module 12, an equalization module 13, and a control module 14. The difference from the battery equalization system of fig. 1 is that in fig. 2 a control switch 141 is provided on the control channel 140 of the battery equalization system 10.
When the acquisition module 12 is required to acquire the parameter information of the battery pack 11, that is, during the acquisition period, the control module 14 controls the control switch 141 to be connected to the acquisition module 12, so that the control channel 140 communicates with the acquisition module 12. When the equalization module 13 is required to perform equalization processing on the unit cells 111 in the battery pack 11, that is, in the equalization period, the control module controls 14 the control switch 141 to be connected to the equalization module 13, so that the control channel 140 is communicated with the equalization module 13.
As shown in fig. 2, the control switch 141 may be a single pole double throw switch, the control module 14 is connected to a movable end of the single pole double throw switch, the acquisition module 12 is connected to a first stationary end of the single pole double throw switch, and the equalization module 13 is connected to a second stationary end of the single pole double throw switch. During the collection period, the control module 14 controls the movable end of the single pole double throw switch to be connected to the first stationary end; during the equalization period, the control module 14 controls the connection of the movable terminal of the single pole double throw switch to the second stationary terminal.
According to the method, the connection between the control unit and the acquisition circuit and between the control unit and the equalization circuit can be disconnected physically by arranging the selection switch on the connection channel of the control module, so that misoperation can be avoided, for example, when an incorrect equalization instruction exists in the acquisition time period, the control module and the equalization circuit are not connected by the selection switch, and the incorrect equalization instruction cannot be accepted by the equalization circuit, so that misoperation is avoided; and the effects of no sampling during equalization and unbalance during sampling can be realized, so that the battery voltage cannot be influenced by the equalization current, and the accuracy of the battery voltage during sampling is improved.
According to the method, the control switch is arranged on the control channel, when parameter information of the battery pack needs to be collected, the control switch is connected with the collection module, and when equalization is needed, the control switch is connected with the equalization module, so that time sharing multiplexing of one control channel is realized, the channel number requirement on the control module is reduced, and further hardware cost is reduced;
in addition, the control switch is arranged between the control module and the acquisition module and between the control module and the equalization module, the control module can achieve the effects of acquisition and equalization by adjusting the state of the control switch, and can realize the effects of non-sampling during equalization and non-equalization during sampling, so that the battery voltage is not influenced by the equalization current, and the accuracy of the battery voltage during sampling is improved.
In addition, the connection between the control module and the acquisition module and between the control module and the equalization module can be disconnected physically by the control switch, so that misoperation can be avoided, for example, when an incorrect equalization instruction exists in the acquisition time period, the control switch is not connected with the control module and the equalization module, and the equalization module cannot receive the incorrect equalization instruction, so that misoperation is avoided.
Optionally, the battery equalization system may be used for a plurality of unit batteries, and the control module includes a control chip, where the plurality of unit batteries are connected to a plurality of pins of the control chip in a one-to-one correspondence manner through a plurality of channels.
When the existing acquisition module and equalization module are respectively connected with the control module through one control channel, each single battery corresponds to two control channels, each control channel corresponds to one pin of the control chip, namely N single batteries correspond to 2N pins. The acquisition module and the equalization module of the same single battery are connected with the control module through the same control channel, one control channel corresponds to one pin, namely N single batteries correspond to N control channels and N pins, so that the requirement of the pins of the control chip can be reduced, the number of the pins can be reduced by half on the basis of the prior art, and the cost of the control chip is effectively reduced.
Optionally, the control module includes a first control unit disposed in the battery information collector, and a second control unit disposed in the battery management controller. Optionally, the acquisition module sends the acquired parameter information of the single battery in the battery pack to the second control unit through the first control unit; the acquisition module and the equalization module of the same single battery correspond to one connecting channel of the first control unit.
The first control unit can be connected to the acquisition module through controlling the connecting channel, and then the acquisition module is controlled to acquire parameter information of single batteries in the battery pack. The second control unit can also send an acquisition instruction to the first control unit through the communication unit so as to control the connection channel to be connected with the acquisition module through the first control unit.
The first control unit can be connected to the equalization module by controlling the connecting channel, so as to control the equalization module to perform equalization processing on the single battery needing to be opened for equalization. The first control unit can send the parameter information of the battery pack acquired by the acquisition circuit to the second control unit, and the second control unit determines the single battery to be balanced to be started according to the parameter information of the battery pack and sends a balancing instruction to the first control unit through the communication unit so as to control the connecting channel to be connected with the balancing module through the first control unit.
When the acquisition module in the battery equalization system sends the acquired parameter information of the single batteries in the battery pack to the second control unit through the first control unit, the acquisition module and the equalization module of the same single battery correspond to one connecting channel of the first control unit, so that the number of channels required by the first control unit is reduced.
The first control unit of the battery information collector and the second control unit of the battery management controller can selectively perform equalization control on the single batteries needing equalization. That is, the first control unit may control the equalization module to perform equalization processing on the unit cells to be equalized, and the second control unit may also control the equalization module to perform equalization processing on the unit cells to be equalized. The first control unit or the second control unit determines the single batteries to be balanced according to the parameter information of the battery pack acquired by the acquisition module.
When the battery information collector does not receive the equalization instruction sent by the battery management controller in a preset time period, the first control unit receives the parameter information of the battery pack, and when the battery pack is determined that the single batteries in the battery pack need to be balanced, the equalization module is controlled to perform equalization processing on the single batteries which need to be balanced.
When the battery information collector receives an instruction for indicating the battery information collector to perform equalization processing, the first control unit receives parameter information of the battery pack, and controls the equalization module to perform equalization processing on the single batteries needing to be started when the single batteries in the battery pack are determined to be started according to the parameter information of the battery pack.
When the battery information collector receives a fault message of the battery management controller, the first control unit receives parameter information of the battery pack, and controls the equalization module to perform equalization processing on the single batteries needing to be opened and equalized when the single batteries in the battery pack are determined to be opened and equalized according to the parameter information of the battery pack.
The battery information collector and the battery management controller can selectively control the equalization system through the first control unit and the second control unit respectively, so that the normal operation of the battery equalization system can be still ensured under the condition that one of the battery information collector and the battery management controller fails or fails.
The disclosure also provides a vehicle comprising the battery equalization system.
With respect to the vehicle in the above-described embodiment, the battery equalization system included in the vehicle is described in detail in the above-described embodiment of the battery equalization system, and will not be described in detail here.
Fig. 3 is a flow chart illustrating a method of battery equalization according to an exemplary embodiment. As shown in fig. 3, the battery balancing method is applied to a battery balancing system, and the battery balancing system comprises a battery pack, a control module, an acquisition module and a balancing module; the control module is connected with the acquisition module and the equalization module corresponding to the same single battery in the battery pack through a control channel, and the acquisition module and the equalization module are used for multiplexing the control channel in a time-sharing way; the method comprises the following steps.
And S31, communicating the control channel with the acquisition module.
And S32, acquiring parameter information of the single batteries in the battery pack through the acquisition module.
And step S33, determining that the single batteries in the battery pack need to be balanced according to the parameter information of the battery pack through the control module.
And step S34, communicating the control channel with an equalization module corresponding to the single battery to be equalized.
And step S35, controlling the equalization module to perform equalization processing on the single batteries needing to be opened and equalized through the control module.
Fig. 4 is another flow chart illustrating a battery equalization method according to an exemplary embodiment. As shown in fig. 4, the method includes the following steps.
And S41, communicating the control channel with the acquisition module.
And S42, acquiring parameter information of the single batteries in the battery pack through the acquisition module.
And step S43, determining the single battery to be balanced, the target balanced duration of the single battery to be balanced and the balanced duty ratio by the control module according to the parameter information of the battery pack, wherein the balanced duty ratio is the ratio of the duration of the control channel occupied by the balancing module to the total duration of the control channel occupied by the balancing module.
And S44, communicating the control channel with an equalization module corresponding to the single battery to be equalized.
And step S45, controlling the equalization module to perform equalization processing on the single battery to be balanced according to the target equalization duration and the equalization duty ratio of the single battery to be balanced.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 5, the determining, according to the parameter information of the battery pack, the target equalization duration of the unit battery to be balanced includes:
Step S431, determining whether a single battery in the battery pack needs to be started for equalization or not according to the acquired parameter information of the battery pack by the control module;
step S432, when it is determined that there is a single battery in the battery pack that needs to be balanced, calculating, by the control module, a target balancing duration of the single battery that needs to be balanced according to the parameter information of the battery pack.
Optionally, the method further comprises: determining, by the control module, an equalization time period and an acquisition time period according to the target equalization time period and the equalization duty cycle, where a sum of the equalization time period and the acquisition time period is equal to a total time period of the control channel occupied;
wherein, with control channel intercommunication collection module includes: in the acquisition time period, the control channel is communicated with the acquisition module;
the step of communicating the control channel with an equalization module corresponding to the single battery to be equalized, comprises the following steps: and in the equalization time period, the control channel is communicated with an equalization module corresponding to the single battery to be opened for equalization.
Fig. 6 is another flow chart illustrating a battery equalization method according to an exemplary embodiment. As shown in fig. 6, the method includes the following steps. As shown in fig. 6, the method includes the following steps.
Step S61, the control channel is communicated with the acquisition module.
And step S62, acquiring parameter information of the single batteries in the battery pack through the acquisition module.
Step S63, determining that the single batteries in the battery pack need to be balanced according to the parameter information of the battery pack through the control module.
And step S64, communicating the control channel with an equalization module corresponding to the single battery to be equalized.
Step S65, controlling, by the control module, the equalization module to discharge the unit cells to be balanced.
And step S66, when the single batteries in the battery pack do not need to be subjected to equalization treatment, connecting the acquisition module of the single batteries with the control module through the corresponding control channel.
Fig. 7 is another flow chart illustrating a battery equalization method according to an exemplary embodiment. As shown in fig. 7, the method includes the following steps. As shown in fig. 7, the method includes the following steps. As shown in fig. 7, the method includes the following steps.
And step S71, communicating the control channel with the acquisition module.
And step S72, acquiring parameter information of the single batteries in the battery pack through the acquisition module.
Step S73, determining, by the control module, that a single battery in the battery pack needs to be balanced according to the parameter information of the battery pack.
And step S74, communicating the control channel with an equalization module corresponding to the single battery to be equalized.
And step S75, controlling the equalization module to charge the single batteries needing to be opened for equalization through the control module.
And step S76, when the single batteries in the battery pack do not need to be subjected to equalization treatment, connecting the acquisition module of the single batteries with the control module through the corresponding control channel.
The specific manner of each step in the battery equalization method in the above embodiment has been described in detail in the embodiment concerning the battery equalization system, and will not be described in detail here.
The present disclosure also provides a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon computer program instructions which, when executed by a processor, implement the above-described battery equalization method.
The preferred embodiments of the present disclosure have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present disclosure is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications may be made to the technical solutions of the present disclosure within the scope of the technical concept of the present disclosure, and all the simple modifications belong to the protection scope of the present disclosure.
In addition, the specific features described in the above embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. The various possible combinations are not described further in this disclosure in order to avoid unnecessary repetition.
Moreover, any combination between the various embodiments of the present disclosure is possible as long as it does not depart from the spirit of the present disclosure, which should also be construed as the disclosure of the present disclosure.
Claims (17)
1. The battery equalization system is characterized by comprising an acquisition module, an equalization module and a control module, wherein the control module is selectively connected with the acquisition module and the equalization module corresponding to the same single battery through a control channel;
when the control module is connected with the acquisition module, the acquisition module is used for acquiring parameter information of the single batteries in the battery pack;
when the control module is connected with the equalization module, the equalization module is used for performing equalization treatment on the single batteries in the battery pack;
the control module is used for controlling the equalization module to perform equalization treatment on the single batteries needing to be opened when the single batteries in the battery pack are determined to be opened for equalization according to the parameter information of the single batteries in the battery pack;
The control module is further used for controlling the equalization module to perform equalization processing on the single battery to be started according to the target equalization duration and the equalization duty ratio of the single battery to be started, which are obtained by the parameter information of the battery pack, wherein the equalization duty ratio is the ratio of the duration of the control channel occupied by the equalization module to the total duration of the control channel occupied by the equalization module;
the control module is further configured to determine an equalization time period and an acquisition time period according to the target equalization duration and the equalization duty cycle, where a sum of the equalization time period and the acquisition time period is equal to a total duration of occupied control channels; in the balancing time period, the control channel is communicated with the balancing module so that the balancing module performs balancing treatment on the single batteries in the battery pack; in the acquisition time period, the control channel is communicated with the acquisition module so that the acquisition module acquires the parameter information of the battery pack;
the control module is used for acquiring the target equalization duration of the single battery to be balanced by the following modes:
determining whether single batteries in the battery pack need to be balanced or not according to the parameter information of the battery pack acquired by the acquisition module;
When it is determined that the battery pack has single batteries to be balanced, calculating target balanced duration of the single batteries to be balanced according to parameter information of the battery pack.
2. The battery equalization system of claim 1, wherein the control module comprises a control chip connected to the acquisition module and the equalization module corresponding to the same cell through a pin connected to the equalization module and the acquisition module through the control channel.
3. The battery equalization system of claim 1, wherein the battery equalization system is configured for a plurality of battery cells, and the control module comprises a control chip, and the plurality of battery cells are connected to a plurality of pins of the control chip in a one-to-one correspondence through a plurality of channels.
4. The battery equalization system of claim 1, wherein said control module comprises a first control unit disposed at a battery information collector and a second control unit disposed at a battery management controller, said first control unit and said second control unit selectively performing equalization control on cells requiring equalization.
5. The battery equalization system of claim 1, wherein the acquisition module comprises an acquisition circuit and the equalization module comprises an equalization circuit, both the acquisition circuit and the equalization circuit of the same cell being connected to the control module by a selector switch, the selector switch selectively connecting either the acquisition circuit or the equalization circuit.
6. The battery equalization system of claim 1, wherein when the control module determines that the cells in the battery pack do not need to be equalized, the acquisition module corresponding to the cells is connected to the control module through the corresponding control channel; or when the control module determines that the single batteries in the battery pack need to be balanced, the acquisition module and the balancing module corresponding to the single batteries are connected to the control module in a time-sharing manner.
7. The battery equalization system of claim 1, wherein a control switch is provided on said control channel; when the acquisition module is required to acquire parameter information of the battery pack, the control module controls the control switch to be connected with the acquisition module so that the control channel is communicated with the acquisition module; when the equalization circuit is required to perform equalization processing on the single batteries in the battery pack, the control module controls the control switch to be connected with the equalization module, so that the control channel is communicated with the equalization module.
8. The battery equalization system of claim 7, wherein the control switch is a single pole double throw switch, the control module is coupled to a movable end of the single pole double throw switch, the acquisition module is coupled to a first stationary end of the single pole double throw switch, and the equalization module is coupled to a second stationary end of the single pole double throw switch.
9. The battery equalization system of claim 1, wherein the control module is further configured to control the equalization module to discharge the cells when a difference between a cell voltage and a minimum voltage in each cell is greater than a preset voltage difference threshold.
10. The battery equalization system of claim 1, wherein the control module is further configured to control the equalization module to charge the cells when a difference between a voltage of a cell and a maximum voltage in each cell is greater than a preset voltage difference threshold.
11. The battery equalization system of claim 1, wherein the parameter information of the battery pack includes at least one of a voltage value, an SOC value, a self-discharge rate, an internal resistance value of a battery cell, a current value, and a temperature value.
12. A vehicle comprising the battery equalization system of any of claims 1-11.
13. The battery equalization method is applied to a battery equalization system and is characterized in that the battery equalization system comprises a control module, an acquisition module and an equalization module; the control module is connected with the acquisition module and the equalization module corresponding to the same single battery in the battery pack through a control channel, and the acquisition module and the equalization module are used for multiplexing the control channel in a time-sharing way; the method comprises the following steps:
communicating the control channel with the acquisition module;
parameter information of single batteries in the battery pack is collected through the collection module;
determining that single batteries in the battery pack need to be balanced according to parameter information of the battery pack through the control module;
the control channel is communicated with an equalization module corresponding to the single battery to be opened for equalization;
the balancing module is controlled by the control module to perform balancing treatment on the single batteries needing to be balanced;
the determining, by the control module, that the battery pack has a single battery to be balanced according to the parameter information of the battery pack includes:
Determining the single battery to be balanced, the target balanced duration and the balanced duty ratio of the single battery to be balanced, wherein the target balanced duration and the balanced duty ratio are the ratio of the duration of the balanced module occupying the control channel to the total duration of the control channel occupied by the control module according to the parameter information of the battery pack;
the controlling, by the control module, the balancing module to perform balancing processing on the unit battery to be balanced, including:
the balancing module is controlled to perform balancing treatment on the single battery to be balanced according to the target balancing duration and the balancing duty ratio of the single battery to be balanced;
wherein the method further comprises:
determining, by the control module, an equalization time period and an acquisition time period according to the target equalization time period and the equalization duty cycle, where a sum of the equalization time period and the acquisition time period is equal to a total time period of the control channel occupied;
the communicating the control channel with the acquisition module includes:
in the acquisition time period, the control channel is communicated with the acquisition module;
The step of communicating the control channel with an equalization module corresponding to the single battery to be equalized, comprises the following steps:
in the equalization time period, the control channel is communicated with an equalization module corresponding to the single battery to be opened for equalization;
the determining the target equalization duration of the single battery to be opened and equalized according to the parameter information of the battery pack includes:
determining whether single batteries in the battery pack need to be balanced or not according to the acquired parameter information of the battery pack;
and when the fact that the single batteries in the battery pack need to be balanced is determined, calculating the target balanced duration of the single batteries needing to be balanced.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein when the cells in the battery pack do not require equalization, the method further comprises:
and connecting the acquisition module of the single battery with the control module through the corresponding control channel.
15. The method of claim 13, wherein the controlling, by the control module, the balancing module to perform balancing processing on the unit cells that need to be balanced, includes:
And the control module controls the equalization module to discharge the single batteries which need to be opened for equalization.
16. The method of claim 13, wherein the controlling, by the control module, the balancing module to perform balancing processing on the unit cells that need to be balanced, includes:
and the control module controls the equalization module to charge the single batteries which need to be opened for equalization.
17. A computer readable storage medium having stored thereon computer program instructions, which when executed by a processor, implement a battery equalization method according to any of claims 13-16.
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| CN201710775028.6A CN110015173B (en) | 2017-08-31 | 2017-08-31 | Battery equalization system, vehicle, battery equalization method, and storage medium |
| PCT/CN2018/103685 WO2019042441A1 (en) | 2017-08-31 | 2018-08-31 | Battery balancing system, vehicle, battery balancing method, and storage medium |
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| CN201710775028.6A CN110015173B (en) | 2017-08-31 | 2017-08-31 | Battery equalization system, vehicle, battery equalization method, and storage medium |
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| CN110015173A (en) | 2019-07-16 |
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